World War I: 1914-1918. Formation of European Alliances: Central Powers Three Emperors league: Germany, AH, Russia, 1873 When Bismarck dismissed as Chancellor.

World War I:1914-1918

Formation of European Alliances:Central Powers

Three Emperor’s league: Germany, AH, Russia, 1873

When Bismarck dismissed as Chancellor in 1890, Germany did not renew alliance with Russia

Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy)

Germany Under Bismarck afraid of French “war of revenge” from Franco-Prussian War 1879 (Dual Alliance) Wants to isolate France by forming alliances with Austria and Hungary1882 (Triple Alliance) Italy joins the alliance because Italy hates France over Imperialism in Africa (France had taken Tunisia in 1881, which Italy wanted)Weakness was that historically, Italy hated Austria-Hungary

Bismarck’s Nightmare-The Two Front War

Triple Entente (France, GB, Russia)

France wanted Alsace-Lorraine back from Germany1894 France formed a Dual Alliance with Russia1904-GB makes a treaty with France- called the “Entente Cordiale”1907-France makes a treaty with GB AND Russia, called the Triple Entente

Europe Divided -1907

CENTRAL POWERS: Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and ItalyALLIES: Triple Entente- Britain, France, and RussiaEqual Balance of Power, believed that this would maintain peace

Crises Preceding WWIMoroccan Crisis of 1905: Germany pledged support for revolution in Morocco against France, France not wanting war forced to

Acknowledge independence of MoroccoHad special interest in Morocco

Moroccan Crisis of 1911: Germany challenged France’s attempt to make Morocco a protectorate

Germany withdrew objections upon receiving a piece of French Congo

Moroccan CrisesGB and France closer together, as GB supported FranceIntensified hostility between Central Powers and Entente

Balkan Crisis of 1912-1913“Powder Keg of Europe”

Russia supported expansion of Serbia, four nations (with Russian approval)-Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, and Greece- seized territory from TurkeyA-H formed Albania to block Serbia from sea which showed

A-H opposition to Russian interferenceA-H’s fear of a powerful Serbia

Results:Russia and Serbia closer togetherHatred of Russian and Serbia for A-H

“Powder Keg” explodesSerbian nationalists wanted the breakup of Austria-Hungary1914, Serbian nationalist (Gavrillo Princep of terrorist group Black Hand) assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to A-HTook place in Sarajevo, Serbian populated portion of A-HSeveral Serbian government officials had been aware of the plot, no one warned Austria

Chain ReactionA-H was encouraged by the German emperor, William II who was guaranteed of a blank check, or total German support of whatever Austria-Hungary would doA-H issued an Ultimatum to Serbia

Stop Anti-Austrian PropagandaDismiss Anti-Austrian officialsPermit A-H to investigate the Assassination within Serbia

Serbia Agreed to all but the last (felt by agreeing they would go under A-H rule)

Everyone gets involvedA-H Declares war on SerbiaRussia begins mobilizing to come to Serbia’s aidGermany, afraid of a two front war, declared war on both Russia and FranceGermany moved its armies across Belgium (neutral) to FranceBritain angered and fearful of having Germany in Belgium declared war on Germany

Underlying Causes of World War IMilitarism-glorified war and caused leaders to prepare armed forces for conflictAlliance System-divided European continent into 2 rival groups of nationsImperialism-thrust European colonies into fierce competition to gain colonies, new markets, and new sources of raw materialNationalism-spurred major European nations to extend their territory; awakened movements for independence among minor nationalities, such as the Serbs (Balkans)

Alliances of WWI

Your task is to make a graphic organizer of the major alliances that led to WWI. Each of the following alliances must be covered:

Holy AllianceThree Emperor’s League (1872)Dual Alliance (1879)Triple Alliance (1882)Entente Cordiale (1904)Central Power and Allies (1907)Also discuss Pan-Slavism

Major Leaders to Watch in WW I

Kaiser Wilhelm II-Germany

Major Leaders to Watch…

David Lloyd George- Britain

Major Leaders to Watch

Tsar Nicholas II-Russia

Major Leaders to Watch…

Woodrow Wilson-USA

Major Leaders to Watch…

George Clemenceau-France

Major Leaders of WW I Biographical Sketch

Pick one of the 5 major leaders, do a Bio-sketch. Include all of the following information

Birthplace and year ChildhoodEducationMajor AchievementsOccupation leading into WarMotives for entering warRole in the WarRole at the outcome of WarInclude at least 1 picture, and a summary paragraph. Attach a copy of your source information if it is from the internet. Properly document sources