WORLD WAR I 1914-1918. COLLEGE BOARD KEY CONCEPT World War I and its aftermath intensified debate about America’s role in the world and how best to achieve.

WORLD WAR I 1914-1918

COLLEGE BOARDKEY CONCEPT

World War I and its aftermath intensified debate about America’s role in the world and how best to achieve national security and protect the nation’s interest.

MOBILIZATION

Industry and Labor

• War Industries Board – Bernard Baruch

• Food Administration – Herbert Hoover

• Fuel Administration – Harry Garfield

• National War Labor Board - Taft

Finance

• Government raises 33 billion

• Liberty Bonds

• Congress increases income taxes and corporate taxes

Public Opinion and Civil Liberties

• Committee on Public Information – George Creel

• American Protective League

• Espionage (1917) and Sedition (1918) Acts

• Schenck vs. the U.S. (1919) – “clear and present danger”

Armed Forces

• Selective Service Act (June 1917)

• Support of African Americans and W.E.B. DuBois

“Liberty pups”

MOBILIZATION

Effects on American SocietyMore jobs for women

Their contributions as volunteers and wage earners will convince the President and Congress to pass the 19th Amendment

Migration of Mexicans and African Americans Job opportunities in America and political upheaval in Mexico thousands of Mexican cross the border to work in agriculture and mining

African-Americans migrate North for jobs in factories—”The Great Migration”

FIGHTING THE WAR Russian Revolution takes them out of the war & U.S. in

Naval Operation Recording setting ship production Convoy system

American Expeditionary Force General John Pershing Western Front Argonne Forest ends the war

Death toll —trench warfare, poison gas, & the flu kill millions (112,000 Americans)

MAKING THE PEACE

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

Freedom of seas No secret treaties Arms reduction “impartial

adjustment of all colonial claims”

Self-determination “General

Association of Nations”

Treaty of Versailles, 1919

The Big FourPeace terms:Germany disarmed stripped of colonies, forced to admit guilt

Self determination applied to former colonies of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia

League of Nations

MAKING THE “PEACE”

Battle for Ratification in the Senate

Irreconcilables/isolationists

Reservationists Rejection of the

Treaty

Changing Borders in Europe

POST-WAR CONCERNS

1918-1945

CULTURAL CONFLICTS

The Red Scare • Response to the

Communists in Russia

• J. Edgar Hoover, the Palmer Raids and hysteria over May Day

• Riots/Hysteria subsides as more Americans see threat to civil liberties

Nativism (ch 23)Rise of the KKK Ire towards new Mexican immigrantsImmigration quota laws created in 1921

CULTURAL CONFLICTSEconomic Demobilization

• U.S. agriculture will suffer when Europe recovers

• Anti-union sentiment returns

• Strikes, inflation, and 10% unemployment

No Changes for African Americans

• frustration mounts

• Race Riots in St. Louis and Chicago

FOREIGN & DOMESTIC POLICY CHANGE

Disillusionment from the war and growing fears of communist Russia make Americans fearful of intervention & expansion

War weary Americans craved tradition and “normalcy” and would thus abandon many progressive issues

Details in Amsco chapter 23…