World War 1 7-4.1Funderburk. World War I We will trace the causes and key events in World War I We will trace the causes and key events in World War I.

World War 1World War 1

7-4.17-4.1

FunderburkFunderburk

World War IWorld War I

We will trace the We will trace the causes and key causes and key events in World War Ievents in World War I including the human including the human

costs of the war, costs of the war, United States entry United States entry

into the conflict, into the conflict, outbreak of the Russian outbreak of the Russian

RevolutionRevolution

Underlying causes of World War I

Imperialism

Militarism

Arms Race

Alliances

BalkanCrisis

Nationalism

WarThe causes of

World War I

Outbreak of FightingOutbreak of Fighting

What was the “spark,” or immediate cause, What was the “spark,” or immediate cause, that ignited the war?that ignited the war? This spark came from a gun of a Serbia nationalistThis spark came from a gun of a Serbia nationalist He shot and killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand and He shot and killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand and

his wife Sophie.his wife Sophie. Serbians who wanted to win independence for Serbians who wanted to win independence for

Bosnia, hated being ruled by Austria-Hungary and Bosnia, hated being ruled by Austria-Hungary and hated Ferdinand heir to the empire’s throne.hated Ferdinand heir to the empire’s throne.

Leaders in Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia for the Leaders in Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia for the shooting and in 1914 Bosnia declared war on shooting and in 1914 Bosnia declared war on Serbia. Serbia.

MilitarismMilitarism Militarism:Militarism: fascination with fascination with

military power and the glory of warmilitary power and the glory of war MAIN (Militarism, Secret Alliances, MAIN (Militarism, Secret Alliances,

Imperialism and NationalismImperialism and Nationalism The driving force was nationalismThe driving force was nationalism Ethnic and ideological differences Ethnic and ideological differences

led to conflict within the empiresled to conflict within the empires Nationalism spurred economic and Nationalism spurred economic and

political rivalries among statespolitical rivalries among states This led to complex system of military This led to complex system of military

alliances.alliances.

AlliancesAlliances Alliances:Alliances: agreements between countries agreements between countries

to help each other during wartimeto help each other during wartime Alliances pulled many countries into the warAlliances pulled many countries into the war WWI alliances:WWI alliances:

Triple Entente Triple Entente EnglandEngland

FranceFranceRussia (until 1917)Russia (until 1917)

Triple AllianceTriple AllianceGermanyGermanyAustria-HungaryAustria-HungaryItalyItaly

Entangling AlliancesEntangling Alliances

Russia began to Russia began to mobilize which showed mobilize which showed that Russia planned to that Russia planned to defend Serbia.defend Serbia.

To show its support for To show its support for Austrian-Hungary, Austrian-Hungary, Germany quickly Germany quickly declared war on declared war on Russia. Russia.

These events activated These events activated two prewar alliancestwo prewar alliances

Triple AllianceTriple Alliance Triple EntenteTriple Entente

GermanyGermany BritainBritain

Austria-Austria-HungaryHungary

FranceFrance

ItalyItaly RussiaRussia

Central PowersCentral Powers Allied PowersAllied PowersBulgariaBulgaria United StatesUnited StatesOttomon Ottomon EmpireEmpire

RussiaRussia

Austria-Austria-HungaryHungary

RomaniaRomania

GermanyGermany ItlayItlayFranceFranceBritish EmpireBritish Empire

ImperialismImperialism

When one country When one country controls the controls the government and government and economy of another economy of another country. Another form country. Another form of competition between of competition between nations in Europe.nations in Europe.

Nations were rushing Nations were rushing to take over lands in to take over lands in Africa, Asia and Africa, Asia and Oceania.Oceania.

ImperialismImperialism Imperialism:Imperialism: building empires building empires

by expanding territory and by expanding territory and gaining coloniesgaining colonies Competition for colonies led to Competition for colonies led to

intense rivalries among the intense rivalries among the European powersEuropean powersEx. Ex. Germany Germany and and ItalyItaly wanted to wanted to create empires that would compete create empires that would compete with those of with those of Great BritainGreat Britain and and FranceFrance

Nationalism and Industrialism fueled global Nationalism and Industrialism fueled global expansion.expansion.

NationalismNationalism Desire of people Desire of people

with the same with the same history, language, history, language, and customs for and customs for self-ruleself-rule

IndustrialismIndustrialism Economic system in Economic system in

which people rely which people rely more on the use of more on the use of machinery and machinery and technology than on technology than on animal or human animal or human power.power.

NationalismNationalism Nationalism:Nationalism: strong feelings of pride and unity among strong feelings of pride and unity among

a particular group of peoplea particular group of people Worsened rivalries between European powersWorsened rivalries between European powers Led nations to seek to create empires or break away from Led nations to seek to create empires or break away from

themthem Led toLed to ethnic and ideological differences ethnic and ideological differences between between

nationsnations Trouble in the Trouble in the BalkansBalkans (multi-ethnic region of Southeastern (multi-ethnic region of Southeastern

Europe)Europe)

Serbia wanted to take control of BosniaSerbia wanted to take control of Bosnia Austria-Hungary took over BosniaAustria-Hungary took over Bosnia Archduke Franz FerdinandArchduke Franz Ferdinand (the heir to the throne of (the heir to the throne of

Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary) was assassinated by a Serbian terrorist) was assassinated by a Serbian terrorist Austria-Hungary declared war on SerbiaAustria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

Reasons Industrial Nations Reasons Industrial Nations wanted new colonieswanted new colonies

They needed markets to sell goods They needed markets to sell goods pouring out of their factories.pouring out of their factories.

They needed cheap raw materials to They needed cheap raw materials to make manufactured goods so they make manufactured goods so they could keep the factories running.could keep the factories running.

A New Kind of WarA New Kind of War

How did the How did the Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution contribute to the contribute to the high death toll in high death toll in war?war? Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution

made it possible to made it possible to mass-produce mass-produce weapons of war and weapons of war and to develop more to develop more dangerous ones. dangerous ones.

Modern Weapons of Modern Weapons of WarWar Airplanes Airplanes SubmarinesSubmarines Machine guns Machine guns Long-range artilleryLong-range artillery Poison gasesPoison gases Gas masksGas masks TanksTanks FlamethrowersFlamethrowers

3 Main Fronts in War

Western Front Trench warfare took place on Western Front Fighting between French and British Against

the Germans Eastern Front

Fighting between Germans and Russians Italian Front

Italy fought against Germany and Austro-Hungarian troops

The United States and WWIThe United States and WWI At the beginning of the war:At the beginning of the war:

America declared America declared neutralityneutrality (didn’t take sides) (didn’t take sides) Reasons for U.S. entry into the war:Reasons for U.S. entry into the war:

Economic relationships with the AlliesEconomic relationships with the Allies The U.S. had been selling many products and The U.S. had been selling many products and

loaning a lot of money to the Allies and (privately) loaning a lot of money to the Allies and (privately) wanted them to win the warwanted them to win the war

Unrestricted submarine warfareUnrestricted submarine warfare To prevent supplies from getting to the Allies, To prevent supplies from getting to the Allies,

German U-boats sunk boats without warningGerman U-boats sunk boats without warning Sinking of theSinking of the Lusitania Lusitania – 128 Americans killed!– 128 Americans killed!

The Zimmermann TelegramThe Zimmermann Telegram A note from the German government asking Mexico A note from the German government asking Mexico

to attack the U.S. was intercepted and published in to attack the U.S. was intercepted and published in newspapersnewspapers

Effects of U.S. entry into WWI:Effects of U.S. entry into WWI: Arrival of fresh US troops helped the Allies win Arrival of fresh US troops helped the Allies win

warwar

Entry of the United StatesEntry of the United States

How did Germans actions push the US to How did Germans actions push the US to join the war on the side of the Allies?join the war on the side of the Allies? The Germans used U-boats to sink ships near The Germans used U-boats to sink ships near

British waters without warning.British waters without warning. Some attacks killed Americans.Some attacks killed Americans. Others sank American merchant ships.Others sank American merchant ships. Germany tried to partner with Mexico in case the Germany tried to partner with Mexico in case the

US entered the war.US entered the war. German leaders promised to help Mexico regain German leaders promised to help Mexico regain

its “lost land” in the American Southwest.its “lost land” in the American Southwest.

RussiaRussia Revolution in RussiaRevolution in Russia Russia—the Allied Power on Russia—the Allied Power on

the war’s Eastern Front—the war’s Eastern Front—found itself in deep trouble.found itself in deep trouble.

WWI created a crisis for WWI created a crisis for Russian monarchy. Russian monarchy.

Many peasants and workers Many peasants and workers were already living on the were already living on the edge of starvation when war edge of starvation when war broke out.broke out.

The weak Russian leader, The weak Russian leader, Czar Nicolas II, did little to Czar Nicolas II, did little to ease the suffering.ease the suffering.

1917 workers revolted, 1917 workers revolted, soldiers were ordered to stop soldiers were ordered to stop the rebellion, they refused the rebellion, they refused and joined the crowd of and joined the crowd of rebels. rebels.

A new government was A new government was formed, but this did not solve formed, but this did not solve Russia’s problems.Russia’s problems.

Workers and peasants formed Workers and peasants formed soviets, or committees, to soviets, or committees, to represent their interests. represent their interests.

Rise of BolsheviksRise of Bolsheviks Many soviets were socialists Many soviets were socialists

who believed that workers who believed that workers should overthrow the should overthrow the government so people could government so people could share equally in the nation share equally in the nation wealth. wealth.

The most radical of the The most radical of the socialist groups were the socialist groups were the Bolsheviks. They thought a Bolsheviks. They thought a small group could achieve the small group could achieve the goal of overthrowing the goal of overthrowing the government through the use government through the use of force.of force.

Lenin became the outspoken Lenin became the outspoken leader if the Bolsheviks.leader if the Bolsheviks.

Timeline of Timeline of WWIWWI

19141914 Archduke Franz FerdinandArchduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to (heir to

the throne of the throne of Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary) is ) is assassinated by a Serbian terroristassassinated by a Serbian terrorist

Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary declares war on declares war on SerbiaSerbia RussiaRussia prepares to help prepares to help SerbiaSerbia GermanyGermany declares war on declares war on RussiaRussia FranceFrance declares war on declares war on GermanyGermany GermanyGermany invades invades BelgiumBelgium and and FranceFrance Great BritainGreat Britain declares war on declares war on GermanyGermany America declares neutralityAmerica declares neutrality

1915 - 19161915 - 1916 Italy Italy joins joins AlliesAllies Central PowersCentral Powers win many battles win many battles

19171917 Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution RussiaRussia withdraws from the war withdraws from the war The The United StatesUnited States enters the enters the

war, turning the tide for war, turning the tide for the the AlliesAllies

The Russian Revolution The Russian Revolution (1917)(1917) Before the Revolution:Before the Revolution:

Most Russians were poor and many Most Russians were poor and many were starvingwere starving

Russia was exhausted by WWIRussia was exhausted by WWI The Revolution:The Revolution:

Czar Nicholas IICzar Nicholas II (the last emperor of (the last emperor of Russia) was forced by the Russian Russia) was forced by the Russian people to give up his thronepeople to give up his throne

He wanted to keep fighting in WWIHe wanted to keep fighting in WWI He ignored the peasants and city He ignored the peasants and city

workersworkers Civil WarCivil War

The The BolsheviksBolsheviks (Communists), led by (Communists), led by Vladimir LeninVladimir Lenin, defeated their , defeated their enemies and took control of Russiaenemies and took control of Russia

Russia withdrew from WWIRussia withdrew from WWI Russia was transformed into a Russia was transformed into a

communist nation and was renamed communist nation and was renamed the the Soviet UnionSoviet Union (a.k.a. the (a.k.a. the U.S.S.R.)U.S.S.R.)

19181918 Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson (President of (President of

the the United StatesUnited States) delivers “14-) delivers “14-Points” speechPoints” speech

GermanyGermany agrees to stop fighting agrees to stop fighting WWI endsWWI ends

19191919 The The Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles is is

writtenwritten