230° 230° 240° 240° 250° 250° 260° 260° 30° 30° 35° 35° 40° 40° 45° 45° 50° 50° n=1089 inset area n=561 350° 350° 0° 0° 10° 10° 20° 20° 30° 30° 35° 35° 40° 40° 45° 45° 50° 50° 55° 55° 60° 60° n=2356 180° 180° 210° 210° 240° 240° 270° 270° 300° 300° 330° 330° 0° 0° 30° 30° 60° 60° 90° 90° 120° 120° 150° 150° 180° 180° -60° -60° -30° -30° 0° 0° 30° 30° 60° 60° n=11346 Projection is Mercator, scale at Equator is 1:46 M Advisory board of the WSM project Egon Althaus, Karlsruhe University John Cook, Schlumberger, Cambridge Roy H. Gabrielsen, University of Bergen Domenico Giardini, ETH Zürich Helmut Kipphan, Heidelberger Druckmaschinen, Heidelberg Onno Oncken, GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam Christoph Reigber, GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam Markus Rothacher, GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam Mark D. Zoback, Stanford University, California References of used data and software This map made use of a number of datasets: Plate boundaries are from the global plate model PB2002 (Bird, 2003), topography and bathymetry from Smith and Sandwell (1997). Stress maps are produced with CASMI (Heidbach and Höhne, 2008) which is based on GMT from Wessel and Smith (1998). Bird, P., An updated digital model for plate boundaries, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4 (3), 1027, doi:10.1029/ 2001GC000252, 2003. Heidbach, O., Höhne, J., CASMI - a tool for the visualization of the World Stress Map data base. Computers and Geo- sciences, 34, 783-791, doi:1016/j.cageo.2007.06.004, 2008. Wessel, P., and Smith, W.H.F., New, improved version of Generic Mapping Tools released, Eos Trans., 79 (47), 579, 1998. Smith, W.H.F., and Sandwell, D.T., Global sea floor topography from satellite altimetry and ship depth soundings, Science, 277, 1956-1962, 1997. Jarosinski, M. King, R. Klein, R. Kjorholt, H. Knoll, P. Kropotkin, P. Larsen, R. Lindholm, C. López, A. Magee, M. Mariucci, M.T. Mastin, M. Maury, V. Mercier, J. Mildren, S. Montone, P. Müller, B. Negut, M. Oncescu, M.C. Pavoni, N. Ragg, S. Rajendran, K. Reinecker, J. Reynolds, S.D. Roth, F. Rummel, F. Sebrier, M. Sherman, S. Stephansson, O. Stromeyer, D. Sperner, B. Suarez, G. Suter, M. Tingay, M. Tsereteli, N. Tolppanen, P. Townend, J. Udias, A. van Dalfsen, W. van Eijs, R. Van-Kin, L. Wiprut, D. Wolter, K. Yunga, S. Zhonghuai, X. Zoback, M.D. Zoback, M.L. Adams, J. Al-Zoubi, A.S. Ask, M. Assumpçaõ, M. Babyyev, G. Batchelor, T. Becker, A. Bell, S. Bergerat, F. Bergman, E. Barr, M. Bluemling, P. Bonjer, K.-P. Bosworth, W. Bratli, R. Brereton, R. Brudy, M. Chatterjee, R. Colmenares, L. Connolly, P. Cornet, F. Deichmann, N. Delvaux, D. Denham, D. Doeveny, P. Enever, J. Feijerskov, M. Finkbeiner, T. Fleckenstein, P. Gay, N. Gerner, P. Gough, D.I. Gowd, T.N. Grasso, M. Gregersen, S. Grünthal, G. Gupta, H.K. Gvishiani, A. Guzman, C. Haimson, B.C. Hanssen, T.H. Heidbach, O. Hergert, T. Hickman, S. Hillis, R.R. Horvath, F. Jianmin, D. Jurado, M.J. Citation of this map Heidbach, O., Tingay, M., Barth, A., Reinecker, J., Kurfeß, D., and Müller, B. (eds.), The World Stress Map - Release 2008, Commission for the Geological Map of the World, Paris, 1:46 M, 2008. Key references for the WSM project Heidbach, O., Reinecker, J., Tingay, M., Müller, B., Sperner, B., Fuchs, K., Wenzel, F., Plate boundary forces are not enough: Second- and third-order stress patterns highlighted in the World Stress Map database. Tectonics, 26, TC6014: doi:10.1029/2007TC002133, 2007. Heidbach, O., Barth, A., Connolly, P., Fuchs, K., Müller, B., Reinecker, J., Sperner, B., Tingay, B., and Wenzel, F., Stress maps in a minute: The 2004 World Stress Map Release, Eos Trans., 85 (49), 521-529, 2004. Sperner, B., B. Müller, O. Heidbach, D. Delvaux, J. Reinecker, and K. Fuchs, Tectonic stress in the Earth's crust: advances in the World Stress Map project, in: New insights in structural interpretation and modelling, Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub, 212, edited by D.A. Nieuwland, pp. 101-116, Geological Society, London, 2003. Tingay, M., Müller, B., Reinecker, J., Heidbach, O., Wenzel, F., and Fleckenstein, P., The World Stress Map Project 'Present-day Stress in Sedimentary Basins' initiative: building a valuable public resource to understand tectonic stress in the oil patch, The Leading Edge, 24 (12), 1276-1282, 2005. Zoback, M.L., First and second order patterns of stress in the lithosphere: The World Stress Map Project, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 11703-11728, 1992. Zoback, M.D., and Zoback, M.L.,Tectonic stress field of North America and relative plate motions, in: Neotectonics of North America Decade Map Volume I, edited by Slemmons, D.B., Engdahl, E.R., Zoback, M.D., and Blackwell, D.D., pp. 339-366, Geol. Soc. Am., Boulder, Colorado, 1991. Zoback, M.L., and Zoback, M.D., Tectonic stress field of the conterminous United States, in: Geophysical Framework of the Continental United States, edited by Pakiser, L.C., and Mooney, W.D., pp. 523-539, Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. 172, Boulder, Colorado, 1989. Further information and data access All stress data, further information and software tools are available free of charge on the project website at: www.world-stress-map.org Major contributors Australasian Stress Map Project, The Global CMT Cataloge, European-Mediterranean Regional CMT solutions, DGMK, NAGRA, PETROM, BP, Schlumberger, CHEVRON-Texaco, Fennoscandian Rock Stress Database, Wintershall, Shell, Karasu, PTT, Eni, RWE-Dea, Daleel Petroleum, WEG, Daleel Petroleum, Premier Oil WORLD STRESS MAP A project of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities Commission de la Carte Géologique du Monde / Commission for the Geological Map of the World WSM Release 2008 - www.world-stress-map.org Explanatory Text The World Stress Map (WSM) is the global compilation of information on the present-day tectonic stress field in the Earth's crust. The WSM is a collaborative project between academia, industry and government that aims to understand the origin and factors controlling stresses in the lithosphere. The project commenced in 1986 as a part of the International Lithosphere Program, under the leadership of Mary Lou Zoback. Since 1995, the WSM has been a project of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, and is located at the Geophysical Institute of Karlsruhe University. All tectonic stress information is recorded in a standardized format and quality-ranked for reliability and comparability on a global scale. The stress maps on this poster display A-C quality intraplate stress data in the upper 40 km of the lithosphere from the WSM 2008 database release. Single-event focal mechanism solutions determined as being potentially spurious (labeled as 'Possible Plate Boundary' events in the database) are not displayed. Further detailed information on the project can be found on the WSM website at www.world-stress-map.org. Editors: Heidbach, O., Tingay, M., Barth, A., Reinecker, J., Kurfeß, D., and Müller, B. Stress Regime Normal faulting Thrust faulting Unknown regime Strike-slip faulting normal faulting regime S V S h S H NF S v > S H > S h strike-slip regime H S V S h S SS S H > S v > S h thrust faulting regime S V S h S H TF S H > S h > S v Method focal mechanism breakouts drill. induced frac. overcoring hydro. fractures geol. indicators Quality A B C S H is within ± 15° S H is within ± 20° S H is within ± 25° The stress maps display the maximum horizontal compressional stress S H Data depth range 0-40 km
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230°
230°
240°
240°
250°
250°
260°
260°
30° 30°
35° 35°
40° 40°
45° 45°
50° 50°
n=1089
inset area
n=561
350°
350°
0°
0°
10°
10°
20°
20°
30°
30°
35° 35°
40° 40°
45° 45°
50° 50°
55° 55°
60° 60°
n=2356
180°
180°
210°
210°
240°
240°
270°
270°
300°
300°
330°
330°
0°
0°
30°
30°
60°
60°
90°
90°
120°
120°
150°
150°
180°
180°
-60° -60°
-30° -30°
0° 0°
30° 30°
60° 60°
n=11346
Projection is Mercator, scale at Equator is 1:46 M
Advisory board of the WSM projectEgon Althaus, Karlsruhe UniversityJohn Cook, Schlumberger, CambridgeRoy H. Gabrielsen, University of BergenDomenico Giardini, ETH ZürichHelmut Kipphan, Heidelberger Druckmaschinen, HeidelbergOnno Oncken, GeoForschungsZentrum PotsdamChristoph Reigber, GeoForschungsZentrum PotsdamMarkus Rothacher, GeoForschungsZentrum PotsdamMark D. Zoback, Stanford University, California
References of used data and softwareThis map made use of a number of datasets: Plate boundaries are from the global plate model PB2002 (Bird, 2003), topography and bathymetry from Smith and Sandwell (1997). Stress maps are produced with CASMI (Heidbach and Höhne, 2008) which is based on GMT from Wessel and Smith (1998).
Bird, P., An updated digital model for plate boundaries, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4 (3), 1027, doi:10.1029/ 2001GC000252, 2003.
Heidbach, O., Höhne, J., CASMI - a tool for the visualization of the World Stress Map data base. Computers and Geo- sciences, 34, 783-791, doi:1016/j.cageo.2007.06.004, 2008.
Wessel, P., and Smith, W.H.F., New, improved version of Generic Mapping Tools released, Eos Trans., 79 (47), 579, 1998.
Smith, W.H.F., and Sandwell, D.T., Global sea floor topography from satellite altimetry and ship depth soundings, Science, 277, 1956-1962, 1997.
Jarosinski, M.King, R.Klein, R. Kjorholt, H.Knoll, P. Kropotkin, P.Larsen, R. Lindholm, C. López, A. Magee, M. Mariucci, M.T.Mastin, M. Maury, V. Mercier, J. Mildren, S. Montone, P.Müller, B. Negut, M.Oncescu, M.C. Pavoni, N. Ragg, S.Rajendran, K. Reinecker, J. Reynolds, S.D. Roth, F. Rummel, F. Sebrier, M. Sherman, S. Stephansson, O. Stromeyer, D. Sperner, B. Suarez, G. Suter, M. Tingay, M. Tsereteli, N.Tolppanen, P. Townend, J. Udias, A.van Dalfsen, W.van Eijs, R. Van-Kin, L. Wiprut, D. Wolter, K. Yunga, S. Zhonghuai, X. Zoback, M.D. Zoback, M.L.
Adams, J. Al-Zoubi, A.S. Ask, M.Assumpçaõ, M. Babyyev, G.Batchelor, T. Becker, A. Bell, S. Bergerat, F. Bergman, E. Barr, M.Bluemling, P. Bonjer, K.-P. Bosworth, W. Bratli, R. Brereton, R. Brudy, M. Chatterjee, R.Colmenares, L.Connolly, P. Cornet, F. Deichmann, N. Delvaux, D.Denham, D. Doeveny, P. Enever, J.Feijerskov, M. Finkbeiner, T. Fleckenstein, P. Gay, N. Gerner, P. Gough, D.I.Gowd, T.N. Grasso, M. Gregersen, S. Grünthal, G. Gupta, H.K. Gvishiani, A.Guzman, C.Haimson, B.C. Hanssen, T.H. Heidbach, O.Hergert, T.Hickman, S. Hillis, R.R. Horvath, F.Jianmin, D.Jurado, M.J.
Citation of this mapHeidbach, O., Tingay, M., Barth, A., Reinecker, J., Kurfeß, D.,
and Müller, B. (eds.), The World Stress Map - Release 2008, Commission for the Geological Map of the World, Paris, 1:46 M, 2008.
Key references for the WSM projectHeidbach, O., Reinecker, J., Tingay, M., Müller, B., Sperner,
B., Fuchs, K., Wenzel, F., Plate boundary forces are not enough: Second- and third-order stress patterns highlighted in the World Stress Map database. Tectonics, 26, TC6014: doi:10.1029/2007TC002133, 2007.
Heidbach, O., Barth, A., Connolly, P., Fuchs, K., Müller, B., Reinecker, J., Sperner, B., Tingay, B., and Wenzel, F., Stress maps in a minute: The 2004 World Stress Map Release, Eos Trans., 85 (49), 521-529, 2004.
Sperner, B., B. Müller, O. Heidbach, D. Delvaux, J. Reinecker, and K. Fuchs, Tectonic stress in the Earth's crust: advances in the World Stress Map project, in: New insights in structural interpretation and modelling, Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub, 212, edited by D.A. Nieuwland, pp. 101-116, Geological Society, London, 2003.
Tingay, M., Müller, B., Reinecker, J., Heidbach, O., Wenzel, F., and Fleckenstein, P., The World Stress Map Project 'Present-day Stress in Sedimentary Basins' initiative: building a valuable public resource to understand tectonic stress in the oil patch, The Leading Edge, 24 (12), 1276-1282, 2005.
Zoback, M.L., First and second order patterns of stress in the lithosphere: The World Stress Map Project, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 11703-11728, 1992.
Zoback, M.D., and Zoback, M.L.,Tectonic stress field of North America and relative plate motions, in: Neotectonics of North America Decade Map Volume I, edited by Slemmons, D.B., Engdahl, E.R., Zoback, M.D., and Blackwell, D.D., pp. 339-366, Geol. Soc. Am., Boulder, Colorado, 1991.
Zoback, M.L., and Zoback, M.D., Tectonic stress field of the conterminous United States, in: Geophysical Framework of the Continental United States, edited by Pakiser, L.C., and Mooney, W.D., pp. 523-539, Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. 172, Boulder, Colorado, 1989.
Further information and data accessAll stress data, further information and software tools are available free of charge on the project website at:www.world-stress-map.org
Major contributorsAustralasian Stress Map Project, The Global CMT Cataloge, European-Mediterranean Regional CMT solutions, DGMK, NAGRA, PETROM, BP, Schlumberger, CHEVRON-Texaco, Fennoscandian Rock Stress Database, Wintershall, Shell, Karasu, PTT, Eni, RWE-Dea, Daleel Petroleum, WEG, Daleel Petroleum, Premier Oil
WORLD STRESS MAPA project of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities
Commission de la Carte Géologique du Monde / Commission for the Geological Map of the World
WSM Release 2008 - www.world-stress-map.org
Explanatory TextThe World Stress Map (WSM) is the global compilation of information on the present-day tectonic stress field in the Earth's crust. The WSM is a collaborative project between academia, industry and government that aims to understand the origin and factors controlling stresses in the lithosphere. The project commenced in 1986 as a part of the International Lithosphere Program, under the leadership of Mary Lou Zoback. Since 1995, the WSM has been a project of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, and is located at the Geophysical Institute of Karlsruhe University.
All tectonic stress information is recorded in a standardized format and quality-ranked for reliability and comparability on a global scale. The stress maps on this poster display A-C quality intraplate stress data in the upper 40 km of the lithosphere from the WSM 2008 database release. Single-event focal mechanism solutions determined as being potentially spurious (labeled as 'Possible Plate Boundary' events in the database) are not displayed. Further detailed information on the project can be found on the WSM website at www.world-stress-map.org.
Editors: Heidbach, O., Tingay, M., Barth, A., Reinecker, J., Kurfeß, D., and Müller, B.
Stress RegimeNormal faulting
Thrust faultingUnknown regime
Strike-slip faulting
normal faulting regime
SV
ShSH
NF
Sv > SH > Shstrike-slip regime
H
SV
Sh SSS
SH > Sv > Shthrust faulting regime
SV
ShSH
TF
SH > Sh > Sv
Methodfocal mechanism
breakouts
drill. induced frac.
overcoring
hydro. fractures
geol. indicators
QualityAB
C
SH is within ± 15°
SH is within ± 20°
SH is within ± 25°
The stress maps display the maximum horizontal compressional stress SH
Data depth range0-40 km
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