WORLD METEOROLOGICAL CONGRESS - WMO Library

WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

TENTH

WORLD METEOROLOGICAL CONGRESS

GENEVA, 4·28 MAY 1987

ABRIDGED REPORT WITH RESOLUTIONS

1 WMO - No. 681 1

Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization. Geneva - Switzerland1987

The proceedings of Tenth Congress will be issuedin a separate publication

© 1987, World Meteorological Organization

ISBN 92-63-10681-9

NOTE

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do nol imply the expression of anyopinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization concerning the legalstatus of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers orboundaries.

CON T'E N T S

List of resolutions adopted by the session IV

List of persons attending the session .........................•......... VI

Agenda ....•....•..............................•....•.................... XXI I

General summary of the work of the session .....•...•.................... 1(detailed contents are given under the agenda)

Resolutions 1 to 34 (Cg-X) together with their annexes 108(detailed contents are given under the list of resolutions)

List of annexes to the general summary

Annexes I to III to the general summary(detailed contents are given under thelist of annexes to the general summary)

List of documents:

189

190

1. "DOC" series 198

II. "PINK" series .................•................................... 207

LIST OF RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE SESSION

Final SessionNo. No.

1 2.211

2 3.1/1

3 3.1/2

4 3.1/3

Title

Technical Regulations of the World MeteorologicalOrganization ......•......••......................•

World Weather Watch Programme for 1988-1991 .

World Weather Watch implementation support andco-ordination 0·' ••••••••••••••••••

Meteorological and hydrological aspectsconcerning accidental release of hazardousmaterials with potential transboundary effects

108

109

112

114

WMO satellite activities ......•......••.......•... 119

The World Climate Programme ......•.......•.•....•. 121

Global Climate Change .•........•.....•......•..... 123

World Climate Research Programme ..........•....•.. 124

116

125

128

129

Tropical Cyclone Programme

Agricultural Meteorology Programme

Aeronautical Meteorology Programme

Instruments and Methods of Observation Programme •. 117

Research and Development Programme

Marine meteorology and associated oceanographicactivities for the period 1988-1991 .........•..... 130

Improvement of the collection and disseminationof marine meteorological information usingINMARSAT •......•••...•.•....•••....•.••.•...•...•• 132

5 3.1.7/1

6 3.1.8/1

7 3.1.9/1

8 3.2.0/1

9 3.2.4/1

10 3.2.4/2

11 3.3/1

12 3.4.1/1

13 3.4.211

14 3.4.3/1

15 3.4.3/2

16 3.4.3/3 Integrated Global Ocean Services System 134

17 3.5/1 Hydrology and Water Resources Programme 135

18 3.6/1 Education and Training Programme ...•.....•.•...••. 137

19 3.7.211,

Antarctic meteorology ....••••..•.••..">", ••••••••.•• 139

20 4.2/1 Participation of the World MeteorologicalOrganization in the United Nations DevelopmentProgramme ...••.......•....••.....•....••••. '~"..•... 140

LIST OF RESOLUTIONS v

Review of previous Congress resolutions ...••...... 186

Revision of the General Regulations ........•...... 177

Financial Advisory Committee .........••......•.... 167

WMO public information ......••........•.•......... 147

141

143

Title

Assessment of proportional contributions ofMembers for the tenth financial period •........... 169

Establishment of the Financial Regulations of theWorld Meteorological Organization ..........•...... 153

Maximum expenditures for the tenth financialperiod .......•.••.•..........•.................... 150

Second WMO Long-term Plan •....................•... 148

UNDP support cost earnings

Preparation of the Third WMO Long-term Plan for1992-2001 •••...•............••...........•......•. 149

Secretary-Genera1's contract ......•......•........ 175

Incentive scheme for early payment ofcontributions..................................... 174

Publications Programme for the tenth financialperiod .......................•...........•.•...... 143

The WMO Voluntary Co-operation Programme .....•..•.

Final SessionNo. No.

21 4.3/1

22 4.4/1

23 5.2/1

24 5.4/1

25 7/1

26 7/2

27 8/1

28 9.211

29 9.212

30 9.3/1

31 9.3/2

32 9.5/1

33 10.3/1

34 10.4/1

LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING THE SESSION

A. REPRESENTATIVES OF MEMBERS OF WMO

Member State Name Capacityor Territory

Afghanistan M. Negahban principal delegateN.M. Herman alternate

Albania J. Cobani principal delegateK. Minush delegate

Algeria K. Mostefa-Kara principal delegateR. Bladenhane delegateR. Damerdji delegateM.R. Noune delegateF. Ounnar delegateM. Senouci delegateM.O. Yermeche delegateA. Zehar delegate

Argentina S. Alaimo principal delegateG. Dupont alternateD. Chuburu delegateA. D'Alotto delegateE.R. Lichtenstein delegateV.H. Ordonez delegateF.P. Requena delegate

Australia J.W. Zillman principal delegateV. Tsui alternateA.J. Rottier delegateN. Streten delegate

Austria P. Steinhauser principal delegateF. Neuwirth alternateE. Kubesch delegateF. Wiederstein hydrological adviser

Bahamas N.P. Small principal delegateK. Lightbourne alternate

Bahrain K. AI-Shakar principal delegateS. Ah-Faihami delegateH. Buhiji delegate

Bangladesh A.H.S. Karim principal delegateH.K. Chowdhury alternateL.A. Choudhury delegateH.M. Motahar delegate

Member Stateor Territory


Name Capacity

VII

Barbados

Belgium

Belize

Bolivia

Botswana

Brazil

British CaribbeanTerri tories

Brunei Darussalam

Bulgaria

Burkina Faso

Burma

Burundi

Byelorussian S.S.R.

D. Best

H.J. MalcorpsJ. Gentile (Ms)L. WillemarckF. Bultot

W.F. PantonD. Aikman

M. Zalles

M.J. Busang (4-15 May)G.K. Ramothwa (Ms) (16-29 May)G.K. Ramothwa (Ms) (4-15 May)D.F. Molotsi

A.D. MouraJ.A. Gomes PirasR. Loncan FilhoL.G. Meira FilhoM.C.M. PereiraA. Milani

C.E. Berridge

P.A. Haji Awang Chuchu(4-5 May)

H.P.A. Jaafar (Ms)(6-28 May)

M.A. AzahariA.H.K. Tengah

G. MilochevO. DelevS. PanovA. Zlatarova (Ms)

J.P. OuedraogoB.S. Zabsonre

U Thu TaU Hau Do Suan

E. Kayengeyenge

Y. PokoumeikoE. Vytchegjanin

principal delegate

principal delegatedelegatedelegatehydrological adviser

principal delegatealternate

principal delegate

principal delegateprincipal delegatealternatedelegate

principal delegatedelegatedelegatedelegateobserverobserver

principal delegate

principal delegate

principal delegate

delegatedelegate

principal delegatedelegatedelegatedelegate

principal delegatedelegate


principal delegate


VIII


Cameroon

Canada

Chile

China

Colombia

Costa Rica

Cote d'Ivoire

Cuba

Cyprus


Name

P. ToubbeF.X. NgoubeyouW. Eyambe

H. FergusonI.D. RutherfordJ.G. CoteE. Feldman (Ms)J.E. SlaterJ. Elliott

A.E. RousseauL. EscobarP. MesaH.R. Munoz

Zou JingmengLuo JibinQin Hua-sunGuofan ChenFeng Cui (Ms)Jin KuiGuo Qing LinXianwei WuXiuji ZhouYao YingCaifang WangYunde ZhaoZongpei Hu

E. Sandoval-GarciaJ.I. Valencia-FrancoK. De Duque (Ms)O. Serrano-Forero

E. Zarate Hernandez

A. TraoreA.S. CissokoK. Adjoumani

J. G. MontotoM. Jimenez AdayO. Nunez Russis

K.L. PhilaniotisC. Yiangou

Capacity

principal delegatealternateadviser

principal delegatealternatedelegatedelegatehydrological adviseradviser

principal delegatedelegatedelegatedelegate

principal delegatealternatealternatedelegatedelegatedelegatedelegatedelegatedelegatedelegateadviseradviserhydrological adviser

principal delegatealternatedelegatehydrological adviser

principal delegate

principal delegatealternatedelegate

principal delegatedelegatedelegate



Czechoslovakia

Democratic People'sRepublic of Korea

Democratic Yemen

Denmark

Djibouti

Dominica

Dominican Republic

Ecuador

Egypt

El Salvador

Ethiopia

Fiji

Finland


Name

V. RichterF. SamajB. BednarS. CernavaO. Holubar

Li Gon IIKang Son MukLi Pil RyonLi Chun Song

S.M. AlhamziBa-IssaH. ObadiH-A. Mohamed

E. BuschB. Lidegaard

H.A. Bourale

C. E. Berridge

A. Bonetti (Ms)S. Suazo

G. LeoroF. Valdivieso

A.F. El-SabbanA.M. ElmasryM.K. El ZarkaS. Saadallah

J. MartinezC. Barahona

w. DegefuA. DagnachewB. Girma

Krishna

E.J. JatilaJ.T. RiissanenM.M. AlestaloT. KarmakallioM. Saagbom (Ms)R. Resch (Ms)R. Lerrunela

IX

Capacity

principal delegatealternatedelegatedelegatedelegate

principal delegatealternatedelegatedelegate

principal delegatealternatealternatedelegate


principal delegate

principal delegate





principal delegatedelegatehydrological adviser

principal delegate

principal delegatealternatedelegatedelegatedelegateadviserhydrological adviser

x


France

French Polynesia

Gambia

German DemocraticRepublic

Germany, FederalRepublic of

Ghana

Greece

Guatemala

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau


Name

A. LebeauH-H. LejeuneM. TrochuP. ChaperonF. DelsolF. DuvernetA. Ferrari (Ms)H. LadsousM. MerletC. PastreM. GiletR.G. Soulage

A. Vivant

M. Sahor

W. BohrneH. VeitO. Maiwald (Ms)W. GerberK. Stocker

H. ReiserH.G. SchulzeM. FernauD. FrommingL. HoffmannM. KurzE. BiskupH.J. Liebscher

S.E. TandohA.M. Abdullah

S. LinardosA. KakourosP. Cangelaris

L.R. Barreiro-Gonzalez (Ms)

T. DialloN.T. DialloY. BangouraA.K. Diallo

M.C. de Alvarenga

Capacity

principal delegatealternatealternatedelegatedelegatedelegatedelegatedelegatedelegatedelegateadviseradviser

principal delegate

principal delegate

principal delegatealternatedelegatedelegatedelegate

principal delegatealternatedelegatedelegatedelegatedelegateadviserhydrological adviser


principal delegatealternatedelegate

principal delegate


principal delegate

LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING THE SESSION XI


Honduras N. Kawas Khoury principal delegateJ.M. Maldonado alternateG. Bu (Ms) delegateN. Valenzuela delegate

Hong Kong p. Sham principal delegate

Hungary J. Barat principal delegateM. 1\mbrozy (Ms) alternate

Iceland H. Sigtryggsson principal delegateS.H. 'Olafsdottir (Ms) alternate

India R.P. Sarker principal delegateS.M. Kulshrestha alternateB.R. Iyengar delegateS.D. Kulkarni delegate

Indonesia C. Sutrisno principal delegateS. Hardjawinata delegateP. Koentarso adviserJuwana adviserR. Kurtianto adviser

Iran, Islamic A.M. Noorian principal delegateRepublic of M.T. Zamanian alternate

B. Dianati delegateG.K. Atigh delegateM. Kheirandish delegateB. Manouchehri delegateM. Sadeghi delegate

Iraq H. Salman principal delegateR. Abtan delegateM. Husain delegateS.M. Mohammad delegate

Ireland D.L. Linehan principal delegateM.J. Connaughton alternateJ.D. Biggar delegateM. Flynn delegateB. Hanberry (Ms) adviser

Israel Y. Tokatly principal delegateA. Millo delegate

XII LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING THE SESSION


Italy S. Palmieri (18-29 May) principal delegateB. Bizzarri (4-17 May) principal delegateR. Sorani alternateS. D'Angelli (Ms) delegateS. di Loreto delegateF. Formica delegateD. Sciortino delegate

Jamaica J.T. Blake principal delegateK.G.A. Hill alternateR. Smith delegate

Japan Y. Kikuchi principal delegateS. Kadowaki delegateM. Nakamura delegateK. Nagasaka delegateY. Tsuruno delegateY. Kusumoto delegate

Jordan A.I. Abandah. principal delegateH.N. AI-Shae'r alternateM. EI-Tal adviser

Kenya A.L. Alusa principal delegateD.D. Afande alternateW.M. Chebukaka delegateM.D. Kinyanjui delegateC.K. Mburu delegateK.N. Mutaku delegateS.W. Ndete hydrological adviser

Korea, Republic of Jong Koo Ahn principal delegateMoon-II Kim delegateYoung-Kil Lee delegateTae-Chul Chung delegate

Kuwait S. AI-Othman Salah principal delegate

Lesotho S. Makhoalibe principal delegateR.T. Tuoane delegate

Liberia J.W. Collins principal delegateJ.A. Kpaeyeh delegate

Libyan Arab M. Smeda principal delegateJamahiriya M.A. Issa delegate

M. Daddish delegate

LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING THE SESSION XIII


Luxembourg R. Zahles principal delegateR. Kipyen alternateF. Neu alternateE. Kirpach delegatep. Reiffers delegate

Madagascar E. Jaona principal delegate

Malawi B.K. Mlenga principal delegate

Malaysia P. Markandan principal delegate

Maldives A. Majeed principal delegateHassan Riza delegate

Mali C. Vital principal delegateK. Konare delegate

Malta J. Mifsud principal delegate

Mauritius Y. Valadon principal delegate

Mexico S. Yoshioka principal delegateV. Montemayor alternateM.A. Arce de Jeannet (Ms) delegateA. Arriazola delegate

Mongolia B. Myagmarjav principal delegateG. Demberldorj delegate

Morocco B. El Ghali principal delegateA. Bensari alternateB. Abdeljabar delegateS. Benarafa delegateA. Bendaoud delegateA. Chaachoo delegateB. Louaked delegate

Mozambique S. Sousa Ferreira principal delegate

Nepal S.P. Adhikary principal delegateJ. Nayava delegateP. Shreshto delegate

Netherlands H.M. Fijnaut principal delegateB.M. Kamp alternateJ. Zandvliet delegateJ.W. Van Der Made hydrological adviser

XIV


New Caledonia

New Zealand

Nicaragua

Niger

Nigeria

Norway

Oman

Pakistan

Panama

Papua New Guinea

Paraguay

Peru

Philippines


Name

L. Malecotte

J. HickmanA.M. BracegirdleK. GrahamK.W. MackersyM.P. Mosley

A. RodriguezO. AlemanA. Ordonez Mejia

M. Boulama1. Also

J.T. UseniB.O. TonweJ.A. AdejokunL.L Alile1.0. Babalola1.0. EmoreE.A. Otepola

A. GrarnrneltvedtM. Lystad

A. AI-Saleh

F.M.Q. MalikM.A. Khan

C. Candanedo (Ms)J.M. Batista CalderonR. Decerega (Ms)C. Vasquez (Ms)

S. Geno

F. Santacruz S.W. Castro W.

H. Gonzales Pacheco

R.L. KintanarH. VillarroelA. Catubig

Capacity

principal delegate

principal delegatedelegatedelegatedelegatehydrological adviser

principal delegatedelegatedelegate


principal delegatealternatedelegatedelegatedelegatedelegatedelegate


principal delegate


principal delegatedelegatedelegateadviser

principal delegate


principal delegate

principal delegatedelegateadviser

LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING THE SESSION xv


Poland J. Zielinski principal delegateJ. Pruchnicki alternateS. Reichhart alternateG. Czempinski delegate

Portugal T.R. Espirito-Santo principal delegateF. Duarte Santos alternateE. Aquiles de Oliveira delegateM.T.F. Cabrita delegateJ. Cristina delegateM.E. Van Zeller de Macedo (Ms) delegate

Qatar !.H. AI-Majed principal delegate

Romania G. Dolgu principal delegateS. Dan alternateV. Faur delegate

Rwanda D. Arnri principal delegateJ.C. Rugirangoga delegateC. Uramutse delegate

Sao Tome and D. Ramos Dias principal delegatePrincipe

Saudi Arabia R.M. Romaih principal delegateN.!. Tawfiq alternateA.S. AI-Angari delegateA.S. AI-Tubaishi delegateN.A. Murshid delegate

Senegal A. Sene principal delegateA. Diouf alternateA.B. Diop delegateM. Sane delegate

Seychelles F.A. Karkaria principal delegateF. Bijoux alternate

Singapore Suan Foon Tan principal delegateTeo Suan Wong delegate

Somalia F. Isock Bihi principal delegateA.A. Madar alternateA.H. Hussein delegateA.Sh. Hussein adviserN.Sh. Osman adviserA.A. Serarar adviserN.H. Warsarna adviser

XVI


Spain

Sudan

Swaziland

Sweden

Switzerland

Syrian ArabRepublic

Thailand

Togo

Trinidad and Tobago

Tunisia

Turkey


Name

M. Bautista PerezA. AscasoC. Almarza MataJ. Garcia Legaz M.M. HuertaB. Orfila EstradaM. Perez Del ArcoJ. Perez LloretJ. Segovia de la Torre

M.E. AbdallaI. MustafaK.A. Mohamed

R.M.L. Thabede

B. EkstromR. BerggrenS. Bodin·K. GerdinH-O. OlssonL. Ryden

A. JunodM. AmbiihlW. FreiY. GanterP. MorscherT. GutermannW. KirchhoferC. EmmeneggerM. Spreafico

B. MahmandarM.H. AI-Masri

N. RananandP. Patvivatsiri

L-K. Ahialegbedzi

J.E. George (Ms)

H. TrabelsiM.S. Khedhir

M.e. OzgiilK. OnciilerA. Algan.S. Erkula

Capacity

principal delegatealternatedelegatedelegatedelegatedelegatedelegatedelegatedelegate

principal delegatedelegatehydrological adviser

principal delegate.

principal delegatealternatedelegatedelegatedelegatedelegate

principal delegat~

delegatedelegatedelegatedelegateadviseradviserhydrological adviserhydrological adviser



principal delegate

principal delegate





Name Capacity

XVII

Uganda

Ukrainian S.S.R.

United Arab Emirates

United Kingdom ofGreat Britain andNorthern Ireland

United Republicof Tanzania

Union of SovietSocialist Republics

P.A. Byarugaba principal delegate

N.P. Skripnik principal delegateA.T. Oleinik alternate

A.A. Kamal principal delegateA.H. Aboudi delegateA.A. Ramasastry delegate

J.T. Houghton principal delegateS.G. Cornford alternateM.J. Atkins (Ms) delegateD.N. Axford delegateB.J. Bell (Ms) delegateT. David delegateD.J. Moss delegateJ.C. Rodda delegateJ. Sankey delegateA. Toothe delegateF. Wheeler delegate

U. Lifiga principal delegateP.A. Mwingira delegate

Ju. A. Izrael principal delegateS. Khodkin alternateN. Aksarin delegateS. Birioulev delegateV. Blatov delegateY.L. Golubev delegateA. Lukashin delegateV. Morozov delegateLM. Nazarov delegateB.V. Smirnov delegateA. Vasiliev delegateA. Zaitsev delegateA. Malenco adviser

XVIII LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING THE SESSION


United States R.E. Hallgren principal delegateof America J.L. Rasmussen alternate

H.L. April delegateE.W. Bierly delegateK.J. Fiedler (Ms) delegateM.D. Hudlow delegateJ.P. Richardson delegateV.R. Schneider delegateP. Wolff delegateF.S. Zbar delegateW.C. Bartley adviserG. D. Cartwright adviserT. Harris adviserA. Hecht adviserA.J. Kaehn adviserM. Yerg adviser

Uruguay C.A. Grezzi principal delegateA.J. Moran Quesada alternateC. Serrentino Bachini delegate

Vanuatu W.M. Longworth principal delegate

Venezuela T.R. Prado Fernandez principal delegateL. Nino Gomez adviserA. Moreau (Ms) hydrological adviser

Viet Nam Tran Van An principal delegateNguyen Thuong alternateKha Ngo Dinh delegateNguyen Van Quang delegate

Yemen A. Saleh Al-Haj principal delegateA.O. Nasser alternateH. Ali Awad delegateA.A. Sallam observer

Yugoslavia J. Roshkar principal delegate1. Delijanich alternateM. Kostich delegateD. Milichevich delegateT. Vuchetich delegate

Zambia G.B. Chipeta principal delegate

Zimbabwe M. Zinyowera principal delegateJ.M. Ward alternateN. Kitiki ti delegateD. Mazvimavi delegateJ. Mhondiwa delegate


B. REPRESENTATIVES OF NON-MEMBER COUNTRIES OF WMO

Non-Member State Name

Bhutan D. Penjo

Holy See F. Bertiau

C. PRESIDENTS OF TECHNICAL COMMISSIONS

Conunission Name

Connnission for Aeronautical Meteorology J. Kastelein

Commission for Agricultural Meteorology A. Kassar

Commission for Atmospheric Sciences F. Mesinger

Commission for Climatology J.L. Rasmussen

Commission for Hydrology O. Starosolszky

Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation S.P. Huovila

Commission for Marine Meteorology F. Gerard

D. INVITED EXPERTS

J. ChabrunSir John MasonI.M. NazarovR.G. SoulageY. Tourre

E. IMO LECTURER

N.A. Phillips

F. SCIENTIFIC LECTURERS

J. DjigbenouR.E. HallgrenJu.A. IzraelJ. KasteleinT. OnoR.P. Sarker

XIX


G. REPRESENTATIVES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

Organization

United Nations

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)

United Nations Office of the DisasterRelief Co-ordinator (UNDRO)

International Trade Centre (ITC)

Food and Agriculture Organizationof the United Nations (FAO)

United Nations Educational Scientificand Cultural Organization (Unesco)

Intergovernmental OceanographicCommission (IOC)

<".,.-International Labour Office

International Civil AviationOrganization (ICAO)

International TelecommunicationUnion (lTU)

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

Agency for Air Safety in Africaand Madagascar (ASECNA)

Caribbean Meteorological Organization (CMO)

European Centre for Medium-rangeWeather Forecasts (ECMWF)

European Organization for the Exploitationof Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT)'

Name

T.J. Zoupanos

A. AjelloE. Bonev

G.N. GolubevP.E.O. Usher

H.G. DirickxD. Harald

M. Watanabe

J. Goertz (Ms)

G.F. PopovA. PurcellJ.C. Vignault

A. RaffrayS. Dumitrescu1. Oliounine

J.A. Withrow1. OliounineY. Treglos

J. Lemoine

F.A.L. Oliveira

M.D. SantA.E. Embedoklis

M. Opelz (Ms)

O.B. TidjaniP. Ranaivoson

C.E. Berridge

L. BengtssonJ.K.D. Soderman

J. MorganG. Bridge


Organization Name

XXI

International Commission on the Hydrologyof the Rhine Basin (CHR)

International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU)

International Society of Biometeorology (ISB)

International Union of Geodesy andGeophysics (IUGG)

Organization of African Unity (OAU)

Permanent Joint Technical Commissionfor Nile Waters (PJTC)

Typhoon CommitteeSecretariat

J.W. Van der Made

F.W.G. BakerC.J.1. Dooge

B. Primault

J.C. Rodda

M. DaariO.M. MuntasserD. Negousse

A.B. Abulhoda

C. Tang

1.

1.1

Agenda item

ORGANIZATION OF THE SESSION

Opening of the session

AGENDA

Relevantdocuments

PINK 3

PINK 3

Resolutionsadopted

Relevantpage ofgeneralsummary

1

1

1.2

1.3

1.4

Establishment of a Credentials PINK 3Committee

Approval of the agenda 1; 2; PINK 3

Establishment of committees PINK 3

14

14

15

1.5

1.6

2.

2.1

2.2

Report of the CredentialsCommittee

Approval of the Minutes

REPORTS

Report by the President ofthe Organization

Consolidated report onamendments to theTechnical Regulations

PINK 1; PINK 5;PINK 11; PINK 15;PINK 41

PINK 3

14; PINK 38

54; 54 ADD. 1;54 APPENDIX E,REV. 1; PINK 23

1

15

16

16

16

16

3.

3.1

Agenda item

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICALPROORAMMES

World Weather Watch Programme

AGENDA

Relevantdocuments

6; 61; 69;73; 73 ADD. 1

Resolutionsadopted

2, 34

XXIII


17

17

3.1.0 World Weather Watch Programme;Report of the president of CBS

3.1.1 Global Data-processing System

3.1.2 Global Observing System

22; 22 ADD. 1;22 ADD. 2; 38;PINK 16

22; 22 ADD. 1;22 ADD. 2; PINK 16

22; 22 ADD. 1;22 ADD. 2; PINK 16

17

21

21

3.1.3 Global Telecommunication System 22; 22 ADD. 1;22 ADD. 2; PINK 16

22

3.1.4 WWW data management

3.1.5 WWW implementation supportactivity

3.1.6 WWW implementationco-ordination

3.1.7 Tropical Cyclone Programme

22; 22 ADD. 1;22 ADD. 2; PI~!K 16

22; 22 ADD. 1;22 ADD. 2; PINK 16

22; 22 ADD. 1;22 ADD. 2; PINK 16

45; PINK 12 5

23

25

25

26

XXIV

Agenda item

3.1.8 Instruments and Methods ofObservation Programme; Reportof the president of CIMO

3.1.9 WMO satellite activities

World Climate Programme

3.2.0 World Climate Programme;Report of the presidentof CCI

3.2.1 World Climate Data Programme

3.2.2 World Climate ApplicationsProgramme

3.2.3 World Climate Impact StudiesProgramme

AGENDA

Relevantdocuments

36; 46;PINK 12

24; PINK 13

8; 32;PINK 19;PINK 19 REV. 1

28; 32;PINK 19;PINK 19 REV. 1

32; PINK 19;PINK 19 REV. 1

32; PINK 19;PINK 19 REV. 1

25; 32;PINK 17;PINK 17 REV. 1

Resolutionsadopted

6

7

8


28

29

32

32

33

36

37

3.2.4 World Climate Research 32; 35; 9, 10 38Programme 35 ADD. 1;

PINK 18

3.3 Research and Development 7; 51; 11 42Programme PINK 22

3.3.0 Research and DevelopmentProgramme; Report of thepresident of CAS

51; 52;PINK 22

42

Agenda item

3.3.1 Programme on Short- andMedium-range WeatherPrediction Research

3.3.2 Programme on Long-rangeForecasting Research

3.3.3 Tropical Meteorology ResearchProgramme

3.3.4 Environmental PollutionMonitoring and ResearchProgramme

3.3.5 Cloud Physics and WeatherModification ResearchProgramme

AGENDA

Relevantdocuments

51; PINK 22

51; PINK 22

51; PINK 22

51; PINK 22

51; PINK 22

Resolutionsadopted

xxv


43

45

46

48

50

3.4 Applications of Meteorology Programme 51

3.4.1 Agricultural Meteorology 12; 18; 41; 12 51Programme; Report of the PINK 30president of CAgM

3.4.2 Aeronautical Meteorology 12; 48; 50; 13 55Progranune; Report of the PINK 25president of CAeM

3.4.3 Marine Meteorology Programme,lGOSS and other ocean-relatedactivities; Report of thepresident of CMM

12; 20; 29;PINK 42

14, 1516

57

XXVI

Agenda item

AGENDA

Relevantdocuments

Resolutionsadopted


3.5 Hydrology and Water Resources 10; 16; 17Programme 16 ADD. 1;

PINK 6

3.5.0 Hydrology and Water Resources 15; 16;Prograrrune, overall review; PINK 6Report of the president ofCHy

3.5.1 Operational Hydrology 15; 16;Programme PINK 6

62

62

63

3.5.2 Applications and services towater resources

3.5.3 Co-operation with waterrelated programmes of otherinternational organizations

16;PINK 6

16; PINK 6

66

67

3.6 Education and TrainingProqramme

5; 21; PINK 35 18 68

3.6.0 Education and TrainingProgramme, overall review

3.6.1 Manpower development

3.6.2 Training activities

3.6.3 Education and trainingfellowships

5; 21;PINK 35

5; 21; PINK 35

5; 21; PINK 35

5; 21; PINK 35

68

69

69

71

Agenda item

3.6.4 Support to training eventsunder other programmes

AGENDA

Relevantdocuments

5; 21;PINK 35

Resolutionsadopted

lO{\II!


73

3.7 Regional Programme 73

3.7.1 Regional activities;Reports of presidentsof regional associations

3.7.2 Antarctic meteorology

30; 31; 56;59; 62; 65;67; PINK 32;PINK 32 REV. 1

47; PINK 24 19

73

76

4. TECHNICAL CO-OPERATIONPROGRAMME

13; PINK 37 78

4.1 General review of the 57; PINK 37Technical Co-operation Programme

78

4.2

4.3

4.4

United Nations DevelopmentProgramme

Voluntary Co-operationProgramme

Organization and fundingof the TechnicalCo-operation Programme

34; PINK 39

53; 53APPENDICES A andB, REV. 1;PINK 37

57; PINK 37

20

21

22

79

79

81

XXVIII

Agenda item

AGENDA

Relevantdocuments

Resolutionsadopted


5.

5.1

5.2

5.3

5.4

6.

7.

8.

PROGRAMME SUPPORT SERVICES ANDPUBLICATIONS

Programme support services;Conference programme

Publications Programme

Text-processing and computersupport

Public information

CO-OPERATION WITH THEUNITED NATIONS AND OTHERORGANIZATIONS

LONG-TERM PLANNING

CONSOLIDATED PROGRAMME ANDBUDGET 1988-1991

26; 43;43 APPENDIX, REV.1; 43 APPENDIX,REV.2; 71;PINK 26; PINK 40

63; PINK 34

40; PINK 7

66; PINK 28

55; 55 ADD. 1;PINK 33

11; 11 ADD. 1;58; PINK 47

3; 3 REV. 1;4; PINK 49;PINK 54

23

24

25, 26

27

82

82

83

83

84

86

87

92

9.

9.1

Agenda item

ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIALQUESTIONS

Financial report of theSecretary-General

AGENDA

Relevantdocuments

39; PINK 44

Resolutionsadopted

XXIX


96

96

9.2

9.3

9.4

Financial matters

Proportional contributions ofMembers

Staff matters

23; 37; 28, 2937 ADD. 1; 60;68; 68 ADD. 1;68 ADD. 2;68 ADD. 2 APPENDIXREV. 1; PINK 2;PINK 29; PINK 45;PINK 48; PINK 49

42; PINK 51 30, 31

44; 44 ADD. 1;49; 74;PINK 46

98

leo

101

9.5

10.

10.1

10.2

Secretary-General's contract

GENERAL AND LEGAL QUESTIONS

IMO and WMO Prizes

Questions concerning theConvention

PINK 43

19; PINK 31

17; PINK 36

32 103

104

104

104

10.3

10.4

10.5

11.

11.1

11.2

11.3

12.

13.

14.

Agenda item

Revision of the GeneralRegulations

Review of the previousresolutions of Congress

Requests for membership of theOrgani2'ation

ELECTIONS AND APPOINTMENTS

Election of the President andVice-Presidents of theOrgani2'ation

Election of members of theExecutive Council

Appointment of the SecretaryGeneral

IMO LECTURE AND SCIENTIFICDISCUSSIONS

DATE AND PLACE OF ELEVENTHCONGRESS

CLOSURE OF THE SESSION

AGENDA

Relevantdocuments

27; 33; 72;PINK 52

70; PINK 53

PINK 8; PINK 9;PINK 21

PINK 14; PINK 27

9; PINK 4;PINK 10

64; PINK 20

PINK 50

PINK 50

Resolutionsadopted

33

34


104

105

105

105

105

105

106

106

107

107

GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE WORK OF TENTH CONGRESS

The World Meteorological Organization held its Tenth Congress atthe Centre International de Conferences de Geneve (CIGG) from 4 to 28 May 1987,under the chairmanship of Dr R.L. Kintanar, President of the Organization.

1.

1.1

ORGANIZATION OF THE SESSION (agenda item 1)

Opening of the session (agenda item 1.1)

1.1.1 The President of the Organization, Dr R.L. Kintanar, opened TenthCongress at 11 a.m. on 4 May 1987 and welcomed all delegates and the followingdistinguished guests:

His ExcellencyAmbassador E. Andres

Mr R. Ducret

Mr C. Ketterer

Mr E. Perrin

Mr G. Hinteregger

Sir Arthur Davies

Permanent Representative of Switzerlandto the International Organizations atGeneva and Representative of theFederal Government of Switzerland

President of the "Conseil d'Etat" ofthe Republic and Canton of Geneva

Mayor of Geneva

Chief of Protocol of the Republic andCanton of Geneva

Executive Secretary of the EconomicCommission for Europe and Representative of the Secretary-Genera1 of theUnited Nations

Secretary-Genera1 Emeritus of the WorldMeteorological Organization.

1.1.2 H.E. Ambassador E. Andres, Permanent Representative of Switzerlandto the international organizations at Geneva, welcomed the delegates on behalfof the Swiss authorities. He said that the Swiss Government wished to expressits support for the vast and very important task before the delegates and toreaffirm its particular interest in the conduct of the work to be undertakenby Congress.

1.1. 3 Like many of his fellow citizens, he nightly watched the weatherreport on television. He knew that behind that information, on which manyactivities depended, was a dense network of observing stations reaching outinto space, numerous teams of analysts, a large communications and exchangesystem which presupposed close international co-operation and an efficientOrganization. The World Meteorological Organization, under the highlycompetent direction of its Secretary-Genera1, Professor G.O.P. Obasi, hadsucceeded in standardizing meteorological and hydrological observations,thereby promoting their rapid and free exchange among countries andfacilitating their application to human activities, notably transport, waterresources, agriculture and environmental protection. WMO also undertookresearch, professional training and technical co-operation.

2 GENERAL SUMMARY

1.1.4 During the four weeks of Congress the delegates would debate anddecide on ambitious projects on a global scale, on regional and local actionplans and on available financial resources. He wished the delegates successin their deliberations.

1.1. 5 Mr G. Hinteregger, Executive Secretary of the Economic Commissionfor Europe (EGE) read a message from the Secretary-General of the UnitedNations, Mr Perez de Cuellar, whose other commitments had prevented him fromparticipating in the opening session of Tenth Congress.

1.1.6 Weather and climate were among the few truly natural resources andones which affected almost all facets of economic and social development. Theproper application of meteorological and hydrological knowledge couldtherefore benefit all countries. WMO continued to make progress in helpingto minimize adverse meteorological effects and to take advantage of favourableconditions. There was, however, a growing realization that human activitiescould alter weather and climate both regionally and globally.

1.1.7 The United Nations Committee on Outer Space, and the UnitedNations Secretariat through its Division on Outer Space Activities co-operatedwith WMO in organizing seminars and workshops on various aspects of satelliteobservations, within the World Weather Watch Programme. Excellentco-operation also existed wi thin the Tropical Cyclone Programme. The WorldClimate Programme was another undertaking whose potential benefits wereenormous and the United Nations stood ready to co-operate in that endeavour,which required exceptional interdisciplinary and inter-agency collaboration.The co-operation between WMO and the ECE in the field of air pollutionabatement exemplified the excellent relationships that WMO had achieved withother United Nations agencies.

1.1.8 He also noted that the Second WMO Long-term Plan was beforeCongress for approval. The resources of Member States had to be mobilized ifmeteorology and operational hydrology were to play their full roles in humanaffairs. WMO's planning was impressive and would assist delegates in makingdecisions on futur3 activities.

1.1.9 Since Ninth Congress, the economic situation had deteriorated formany countries, particularly the poorest. The United Nations itself wasexperiencing severe distress which prevented the implementation of approvedprogrammes. It was therefore gratifying to note that, although WMO had notbeen spared those d~fficulties, there were far-reaching developments in theOrganization's sphere of responsibility.

1.1.10 H.E. Brigadier J.T. Useni, Minister of Transport and Aviation ofNigeria, expressed his satisfaction in attending Tenth Congress both in hiscapacity as the Minister for Transport and Aviation responsible forMeteorological Services, and as head of his country's delegation.

1.1.11 Nigeria attached great importance to the role of WMO which haddemonstrated efficiency and cost-effectiveness and had established an enviablesystem of international co-operation. Congress would not only take stock ofthe Organization's achievements, manifested in the tremendous strides made bymeteorology and hydrology in recent years, but would also identify problemsand draw up plans to solve them. Among those achievements were the improvedability to forecast and mitigate the adverse effects of severe tropicalsynoptic disturbances, especially tropical cyclones, which were aided by the

GENERAL SUMMARY 3

introduction of sophisticated meteorological satellites into the GlobalObserving System of the World Weather Watch Programme. WMO's role in thefield of agrometeorology and water resources, particularly in Africa, was alsoto be commended although many problems still remained. Policy-makers stillsought to alleviate the effects of such adverse phenomena as drought,desertification and air and water pollution, and WMO was expected to continueits efforts aimed at finding solutions to those pressing problems.

1.1.12 Congress should look closely into the Second WMO Long-term Planwhich was before it for approval. Part I of the Plan, containing strategiesand policies, was quite challenging and pointed in the right direction. Themost important part of the Plan was Part II, which contained seven volumeseach relating to one of the major technical and scientific programmes of theOrganization. Nigeria attached the greatest importance to the TechnicalCo-operation Programme and the Education and Training Programme, as did mostdeveloping countries. The implementation of the Second WMO Long-term Planwould therefore undoubtedly contribute to the socio-economic development ofNigeria and many other countries.

1.1.13 He also drew attention to the proposed African Centre ofMeteorological Applications for Development IACMAD) which was being plannedjointly by WMO and the Economic Commission for Africa. The establishment ofsuch a centre would be invaluable in finding solutions as to how to minimizethe effects of drought and would enable many national Meteorological Servicesto improve their products in support of national development projects. Heexpressed the hope that the full support of other relevant United Nationsagencies for the centre would be forthcoming.

1.1.14 He noted that in the past year Nigeria had spent almostUS $5 million to improve its Meteorological Service in order to increase theService's impact on society and on the economic restructuring programmes beingimplemented by the Government. Specifically, that involved the improvement ofthe Kano Regional Telecommunication Hub by leasing satellite links with otherRTHs in the Region and the installation of microwave telex links for nationaldata collection. Nigeria also intended to host some regional working groupmeetings as well as sessions of other WMO constituent bodies. The Goverrunentwas more eager than ever to ensure that the benefits of meteorology andoperational hydrology were exploited to the maximum, for which the support ofWMO and other international bodies would be needed.

1.1.15 He concluded by congratulating the President for his leadershipduring the preceding eight years and thanking the Secretary-General and thestaff of the Secretariat for their tireless efforts, and reiterated thesupport of his Government for the goals of the Organization.

1.1.16 H.E. Haji Awang Chuchu, Permanent Secretary of the Ministry ofCommunications of Brunei Darussalam, recalled that his country had become aMember State of WMO on 23 December 1984, and was therefore participating inits first Congress. On behalf of his delegation, he expressed his gratitudeto the Swiss and Geneva authorities and his appreciation to the President, theSecretary-General and the staff of WMO for their excellent work and guidance.

1.1.17 He· briefly traced the history of his country, whose name meant"Abode of Peace", which was one of the world's smallest nations. It had,however, abundant oil and gas resources which enabled its citizens to enjoyone of the highest standards of living in Asia. Located in the tropical belt,

4 GENERAL SUMMARY

Brunei Darussalam was virtually free from unfavourable meteorologicalphenomena such as severe storms, typhoons and droughts. All its advantagesnob<ithstanding, he emphasized that his Government attached great importanceto its commitments and obligations and wholeheartedly endorsed and supportedWMO's programme of activities, especially in the field of marine meteorology.That field would continue to play a dominant role in ensuring the safety ofoff-shore operations, and his Government looked forward to receiving theresults of WMO's research and studies.

1.1.18 The national Meteorological Service, under the Department of CivilAviation, was established only in 1967 and was still developing. As it wasstill dependent on expatriate staff- the training of national personnel hadbeen accorded an urgent priority.

1.1.19 In concluding his remarks, he reaffirmed his Government's wish toco-operate with other Members of WMO in regional and global programmes whichwould contribute to the well-being of all people.

1.1.20 Mr A. Ajello, Assistant Administrator and Director of the EuropeanOffice of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) conveyed to thePresident the congratulations of the Administrator of UNDP, Mr William Draper,for the work accomplished during his mandate and his best wishes for thesuccess of Tenth Congress.

1.1.21 UNDP attached great importance to the work of WMO as anorganization involved in development. The 25 years of co-operation betweenthe two organizations had witnessed an increasing number of projects financedby UNDP and executed by WMO. The impact of those projects, especially onagriculture, was appreciable. A perfected system of meteorology andhydrology, implemented on a global scale, would considerably reduce thedevastating effects of droughts, floods and cyclones and save thousands oflives.

1.1.22 He complimented the Secretariat for the excellent documentsprepared for Congress. UNDP fully approved those referring to itsco-operation with WMO. In the previous four years, UNDP had financed projectstotalling US $50 million. The rate of implementation of those projects by WMOin 1986 surpassed the average for other executing agencies, and hecongratulated WMO for continuing to seek new modalities for technicalco-operation including the execution of projects by the Governments concerned,promoting technical co-operation among developing countries, and theincreasing use of national experts and United Nations Volunteers.

1.1.23 Two concerns were highlighted in the documents. The first relatedto the obstacles encountered by developing countries due to a lack of foreignexchange needed to maintain equipment during a project and to buy spare partsonce the project was terminated. In view of that problem, an agreement hadbeen concluded permitting WMO to include in its future budgets a sum to beused for end--project maintenance and spare parts.. For projects which hadalready been completed, Governments could purchase what they needed in localcurrency which could be used by local UNDP offices; UNDP would transfer theequivalent in dollars to WMO. The second concern - one which affected allexecuting agencies - was the negative effect of exchange rate fluctuations onmaintenance costs. That problem had been raised at the recent ACC meeting inRome, which had adopted a recommendation requesting the Administrator of UNDPto present the question to the forthcoming session of the Governing Council.

GENERAL SUMMARY 5

1.1.24 Forty-four country programmes totalling US $1..2 biliion would bepresented to the Governing Council in June for approval for the fourth cycle.It was hoped that the priorities set by the receiving countries would permit alarge part of those resources to be entrusted to WMO; the tendencies ofprevious years allowed for some optimism in that regard.

1.1.25 He expressed the gratitude of UNDP to WMO and its highly qualifiedstaff for their support to resident representatives and regional offices inhelping countries formulate their programmes. No effort would be spared tostrengthen UNDP-WMO co-operation further in order to derive the greatestbenefits to the greatest number of developing countries.

1.1.26 Mr G. Golubev, Assistant Executive Director, United NationsEnvironment Programme, expressed his pleasure at participating at TenthCongress on behalf of Mr Mostafa Tolba, Executive Director of UNEP, at a timeof serious concern about man's survival on Earth as a result of hismodification of the biosphere.

1.1.27 He emphasized the well-known conclusions of the jointWMO/UNEP/ICSU conference (Villach, Austria, 1985) to assess the impact onclimate of increased concentrations in the atmosphere of carbon dioxide andother radiatively active gases. By the middle of the next century, the Earthwas expected to experience a rise in temperature which would have a seriousimpact on agriculture, water-resource management and a number ofweather-sensitive socia-economic activities. The rise in sea-level as aresult of thermal expansion of sea-water would adversely affect marine lifeand coastal structures as well as the millions of people who lived in coastalareas. Excessive burning of fossil fuels, massive deforestation anclchangingland-use patterns had all contributed to an irrevocable disruption of theglobal carbon cycle.

1.1.28 A conference convened in Washington D.C. in 1986 by the USEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) and UNEP focused on the effects ofchanges in stratospheric ozone on global climate. Whilst endorsing theobservations of the Villach conference as regards the "greenhouse effect", theWashington conference had examined in great detail the question of atmosphericozone depletion and agreed on its serious detrimental health, agricultural andother social consequences: solar ultra-violet radiation induced skin cancer,cataracts and suppressed the human immunity system, affected yield in certaincrops such as the soybean, reduced productivity in aquatic plants and led to adegradation of certain industrial products such as glass, paints and plastics.

1.1. 29 One of the major causes of the depletion of stratospheric ozonewas the continued, uncontrolled emission of chlorofluorocarbons to theatmosphere. There was a question of whether the long-term survival of mankindwas more or less important than short-term benefits. A strategy must bedetermined to ensure that the planet Earth and the life it sustained would bepreserved for future generations. He asked Congress to consider what strategyshould be adopted and how best to make the decision- and policy-makers awareof the seriousness of the situation.

1.1. 30 He evoked the theme for World Meteorological Day 1987"Meteorology - a model for international co-operation" , and stated thatinternational co-operation was essential if the environment was to be securefor future generations. Emission of hazardous gases, deforestation, etc. wereactivities carried out all over the world and their effects were necessarily

6 GENERAL SUMMARY

global also. The co-operation of individuals, organizations and all nationswas a prereguisite for their control.

1.1.31 In that context, he was pleased to be able to report thatconsiderable progress had been made in the elaboration of a protocol on thecontrol of emissions of chlorofluorocarbons at a meeting which had ended inGeneva the previous week, when participants had agreed in principle to freezeand ultimately reduce production and consumption.

1.1.32 That agreement was one of many other examples of internationalco-operation in the struggle to save the environment. Others included theaforementioned Villach conference, and WMO and UNEP co-operated fruitfully inimplementing the World Climate Programme (WCP). In particular, the scientificresearch skills and the capability to collate data at WMO's disposal had beena major asset to UNEP in implementing the World Climate Impact StudiesProgramme (WCIP), including two meetings, themselves co-operative endeavours:Research and Monitoring of CO. (a precursor to Villach) and the StudyConference on the Sensitivity of Ecosystems to Climate Change (with ICSU).Within the WCIP, considerable emphasis had been placed on the impacts ofclimatic extremes, notably drought- on the economic resources of developingcountries. UNEP and WMO participated with other UN agencies in a ScientificRound Table on Climate and Drought in Africa, whose recommendations, includinga Plan of Action on Drought, were adopted by the 1984 EGA Conference ofAfrican Ministers. Under that plan was a project for the establishment of anAfrican Centre of Meteorological Applications for Development (ACMAD) forwhich UNEP and other UN agencies would provide support.

1.1.33 Still concerning environmental issues in Africa, the Plan ofAction formulated at the African Environment Ministers' conference in Cairo in1985 was being implemented and WMO' s responsibility was the climatologicalnetwork component. Yet another example was the Zambezi Action Plan, developedby UNEP and involving, inter alia, expertise in water-resource management,land use and climate for an integrated programme for the Zambezi River Basin,in which WMO would participate.

1.1.34 When discussing international co-operation, climate-relatedmonitoring of the environment should not be ignored and even greater emphasisshould be placed on examining the implications of the greenhouse warmingeffect, leading to concerted national policies in that respect.

1.1.35 It was the joint effort among the international community whichwould enable the organizations involved to speak to decision-makers with onestrong voice. Impetus would thereby be given to the adoption of policies andstrategies that could bring about better environmental management and theprotection of planet Earth against wanton destruction.

1.1.36 Mr Golubev concluded by wishing Tenth Congress every success withits heavy agenda over the coming days and affirming continued collaborationand co-operation between UNEP and WMO for the benefit of mankind.

1.1. 37 Mr J .C. Vignaud, Representative of the United Nations Food andAgriculture Organization in Geneva, on behalf of the Director-General,recalled that Tenth Congress was taking place 13 years after the World FoodConfer.ence, which had been convened after an unprecedented food crisis hadoccurred in some African and Asian countries as a result of adversemeteorological situations and which was the starting point of increased

GENERAL SUMMARY 7

co-operation between FAO and WMO. That co-operation was geared to operationalapplications of meteorology and hydrology to agriculture with the activeparticipation of the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology and theCommission for Hydrology.

1.1.38 As a result of the World Food Conference, WMO had greatlyincreased its training activities and programmes such as AGRHYMET (for thestrengthening of agrometeorological and hydrological services in the Sahel andapplications to its agriculture I , in which FAO had been the associatedagency. In recent years, more emphasis has been put on the operationalaspects of agrometeorology and hydrology for the benefit of the Sahelianfarmers and for the improvement of crop production in the region. FAOintended to continue such close co-operation with WMO, not only within theAGRHYMET programme, but also in all other areas of the world where criticalfood situations existed or might arise.

1.1.39 FAO was also carrying out two important activities utilizingmeteorological and climatological information. The first was the assessmentof present and potential land use for rain-fed areas - the agro-ecologicalzones project - and its corollary, the project on land resources for thepopulations of the future. The other was the FAO Global Information and EarlyWarning System on Food and Agriculture which aimed at monitoring continuouslythe outlook for food production - mainly in developing countries - in order tobe able to identify as early as possible countries and regions where foodshortages were imminent.

1.1.40 The focus of the WCP was on food, water and energy and one of itsaims was to provide countries with the necessary tools and expertise to enablethem to appraise for themselves the influence of weather on agriculturalproduction, to which end many missions had been carried out by WMO and FAOboth jointly and separately. In more than 40 countries, agrometeorologicalcrop monitoring had been organized and many more requests had been received.In connection with crop protection and land improvement, the application ofmeteorological, agrometeorological and hydrological information to farmingpractices was an effective means of increasing production; it had to beacknowledged, however, that real-time communication of meteorologicalinformation did not yet fulfil all the requirements of agriculture.

1.1.41 FAO, in co-operation with the Italian Meteorological Service, hadin recent years been collecting relevant information from the GlobalTelecommunication System in support of its monitoring activities. Suchinformation needed to be comprehensive and cover a time-scale of one day, oneweek or even up to 10 days. Much useful information for agriculture could bederived from accurate meteorological data, even if received with some delay.

1.1.42 Mr Vignaud expressed the hope that, especially through theWCP-Food and WCP-Water programmes, ways would be found to improve thecommunication of meteorological information of interest to agriculture for thebenefit of mankind and of developing countries in particular.

1.1.43 Mr S. Dumitrescu, Deputy Assistant Director-General, UnitedNations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, recalled that, twomonths previously, the Director-General of Unesco had opened, together withthe Secretary-General of WMO and in the same conference room, theInternational Hydrology and Water Resources Conference. On that occasion, theDirector-General had emphasized the successful co-operation between the two

8 GENERAL SUMMARY

organizations, which dated from 1973, particularly in the field of marinemeteorology and oceanography. Tenth Congress, under the relevant agendaitems, would review the results of that conference with respect to the twoOrganizations' programmes in hydrology and water resources.

1.1. 44 The conference had adopted a recommendation which, inter alia,invited WMO and Unesco to continue the harmonization of their programmes inthose fields, to co-ordinate those programmes with the water-relatedprogrammes of other international organizations and to develop further jointactivities aimed at integrating climate and hydrological studies underWCP-Water. He noted with gratification that WMO's budget for 1988-1991provided for the continued co-operation of WMO in the InternationalHydrological Programme of Unesco.

1.1.45 With respect to the fields of oceanography and marine meteorology,he recalled that the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) ofUnesco played an important role within the United Nations system in thescientific study of the oceans and the provision of related ocean services,training, education and mutual assistance. WMO, which participated in theInter-Secretariat Committee of Scientific Programmes Relating to Oceanographyalong with Unesco and three other United Nations organizations, also hadseconded a professional staff member and participated in financing the costsof a secretary for the IOC secretariat. Other areas of WMO-Unescoco-operation included the Integrated Global Ocean Services System nGOSS)programme, the ocean-related aspects of the WCP, the TOGA and WOCE programmesand the activities implemented within the framework of the InternationalOceanographic Data Exchange (lODE).

1.1. 46 There were other fields of ongoing or potential collaborationincluding the problems of drought and desertification. Several jointprogrammes dealt with changes in the atmosphere, geosphere and biosphere andthe interactions of those changes with human activities. Given the importanceof the latter programmes, both organizations had indicated their willingnessto co-operate closely in the implementation of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme launched by ICSU.

1.1.47 Mr M. Essaafi (Under-Secretary-General and Co-ordinator, Office ofthe United Nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinator), said that UNDRO and WMO hada common interest in two of the most widespread and destructive types ofnatural disaster: cyclones and floods. WMO was responsible for monitoringand for issuing warnings, whereas UNDRO was concerned with protection ofthreatened populations through disaster preparedness and mitigation measures.The work of the two Organizations was complementary and required closeco-operation which could be illustrated by three examples.

1.1. 48 First. UNDRO had contributed to the Warning Dissemination andInformation Exchange component of the WMO Typhoon Operational Experiment(TOPEX) by helping to develop a standard format for damage assessment and bydevising new measures for public education and information. Those efforts hadled to significant improvements in public response to typhoon warnings and indamage-assessment procedures.

1.1. 49presentingseminars.Management,

Second, WMO had responded to UNDRO' s requests for assistance inwarning scenarios at disaster preparedness and preventionAt a Pan-Caribbean Training Seminar on Hurricane Emergencyheld in 1986, WMO had organized and sponsored the external

GENERAL SUMMARY 9

speakers for the first part of the meeting, in which typical hurricanescenarios had been presented, and UNDRO had covered the logistical planningproblems related to evacuation, emergency shelter, rescue and relief efforts.

1.1.50 Third, with a view to keeping up to date with the activities ofother organizations, UNDRO had long been participating in monthly meetingswith WMO and the League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Sccieties to exchangeinformation and ideas on disaster prevention and preparedness, to prepareagenda for committees dealing with tropical cyclones and similar matters, andto discuss material for new publications.

1.1.51 He was confident that such types of co-operation, involvingpractical measures to mitigate disasters, would develop further in the future.

1.1.52 Mr F.A.L. Oliveira (Acting Chief, Meteorology Section,International Civil Aviation Organization) said that ICAO had been associatedclosely with WMO from the very beginning; as a result of that relationship,joint regulatory documents had been promulgated and a number of joint meetingsheld. The Organizations exchanged representatives whenever aeronauticalmeteorology was being discussed, and a close and effective workingrelationship had been established between the two Secretariats, involvingfrequent negotiations on all subjects of common interest.

1.1.53 Since the early 1980s, ICAO's work had been concentrated on thedevelopment of the World Area Forecast System. WMO had assisted in itsplanning, and components of the World Weather Watch made an importantcontribution to the WAFS. ICAO relied heavily on the Global Observing Systemto provide basic synoptic and asynoptic data on Which the forecasting work ofregional and world Area Forecast Centres was based. Certain elements of theGlobal Telecommunication System were now being used to transmit WAFS products,pending the achievement by the aeronautical fixed service of the capacity tocarry those products effectively. ICAO and WMO were also examining thepossibility of co-ordinating the joint use of satellite broadcast systems todisseminate aeronautical and non-aeronautical products.

1.1.54 Ms M. Opelz, International Atomic Energy Agency Office in Geneva,said that lAEA had a high regard for the work of WMO and its scientificcollaboration with that Organization dated back to 1960, when the globalsurvey of isotopes and precipitation had been set up. That network nowencompassed 164 stations in 45 countries and territories. The isotope andmeteorological data collected by the stations were published periodically andused widely in hydrological and hydrometeorological research. In the field ofnuclear safety, IAEA benefited greatly from its collaboration with WMO inpreparing safety codes and guidelines on meteorological and hydrologicalaspects of nuclear power-plant site selection and of the operation of thoseplants.

1.1.55 After the Chernobyl accident, and as the radioactive cloud madeits way across Europe, the importance of co-operation between MeteorologicalServices and radiation monitoring authorities had become obvious. InSeptember 1986, the I~ternational Conventions on Early Notification of aNuclear Accident and on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident orRadiological Emergency had been adopted at a special session of the IAEAGeneral Conference and had subsequently entered into force. Almostimmediately after the accident, inter-agency consultations had been held toensure that the international response to accidents with transboundary

10 GENERAL SUMMARY

implications would be rapid, coherent and based on solid data. In September1986, an inter-agency committee for co-ordinated planning and implementationof response to accidental releases of radioactive substances had been set upin Vienna. WMO's contribution to that work had been of great value. Thepossibility of using the Global Telecommunication System as a means ofensuring rapid notification and to facilitate data exchanges under theconvention on early notification was being considered.

1.1.56 IAEA had been faced with a difficult situation in April 1986, andhad been gratified to see that it could calIon its sister agencies to helpfind innovative means of responding together to new challenges.

1.1.57 Professor Ju. A. Izrael, First Vice-President; PermanentRepresentative of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics with WMO, said hehad been asked by his country's Council of Ministers to convey its regards toparticipants in the Tenth World Meteorological Congress. The WorldMeteorological Organization co-operated closely with other internationalbodies and, using the latest achievements of science and technology,implemented major programmes and projects which facilitated the effective useof hydrometeorological and environmental data relevant to various spheres ofhuman endeavour. As a specialized agency, the Organization was helping totackle such crucial matters as hydrometeorological support for economicdevelopment, investigation of climatic change, environmental protection, therational use of natural and energy resources, and the limitation of damagefrom natural disasters; in so doing, it was contributing to the social andeconomic progress of all mankind.

1. 1. 58 His country had whole-heartedly welcomed the Organization'sresponse to Mr Gorbatchev's communication dated 31 May 1986 concerning thecreation of an international regime for the safe development of nuclearenergy. The Soviet Government was convinced that the Tenth WorldMeteorological Congress would represent a major step towards the solution ofworld problems in the field of hydrometeorology and environmental protection.In conformity with its foreign policy designed to promote peace, a policy thatwas an integral part of its social structure, the Soviet Union would in futuredevote every effort to ensuring peace on Earth and to promoting internationalco-operation in the fields of science, technology and economics.

1.1.59 He wished to add his personal wishes for the success of theCongress and to express the hope that it would facilitate the development ofMeteorological and Hydrological Services in all countries, especially thedeveloping countries, the enhancement of peace, of relations among countriesand of the well-being of peoples, the preservation of natural resources, andthe protection of the environment.

1.1.60 Mr G. Milochev, Permanent Representative of Bulgaria with WMO,said that much progress had been made since the Ninth World MeteorologicalCongress in the co-ordination and provision of support to nationalMeteorological and Hydrological Services. His Government was glad to note, asthe President had pointed out, that a new stage· had been reached in theevolution of WMO Programmes. Those programmes could be carried out onlythrough close co-operation among Members, with the active participation of thespecialized agencies. His Government supported the attachment of priority tothe World Weather Watch and had a high regard for the World Climate Programme.

GENERAL SUMMARY 11

1.1. 61 Bulgaria devoted special attention to the development ofMeteorological Services and intended to expand its active co-operation withWMO. Hydrometeorological information was reaching a greater number of users,and as a result, its accuracy and the rapidity with which it was transmittedmust be improved. It had been shown that increased effectiveness ofhydrometeorological services contributed to economic development andtechnological progress, and the economic and social applications ofhydrometeorological information were widely recognized. Meteorology alsoplayed an important role in environmental control and protection.

1.1.62 Among the Government's plans and programmes connected withmeteorology, special attention was given to short-, medium- and long-termprognosis. The first International Conference on Long-term WeatherForecasting had been held in Sofia in October 1986. Bulgaria's geographicaland atmospheric conditions led it to attach great importance to control ofatmospheric phenomena, particularly hail, and the Hydrometeorological Serviceshad helped to develop an experimental polygon to facilitate hail control.

1.1. 63 The project submitted by the WMO Secretariat and designed tofacilitate automation of telecommunication links with Sofia had recently beenapproved by the relevant Government authorities. That was just one example ofthe fruitful contact his country's Hydrological and Meteorological Serviceshad had with the WMO Secretariat over the years.

1.1.64 Mr M.C. Ozgul, Permanent Representative of Turkey with WMO, saidthat, by its very nature, meteorology required close internationalco-operation; WMO could be proud of the unique team spirit which prevailedwithin it. The Organization's most important task was to assist Membercountries in improving their meteorological infrastructures so thatmeteorology and related geophysical endeavours could contribute to nationaldevelopment. The organized transfer of knowledge and proven methodology amongMembers would enable the developing countries to play their full role in WMOprogrammes: the action programme designed to make the necessaryinfrastructure available to developing countries was, in that respect, acornerstone for building an effective global long-term plan.

1.1.65 With respect to WMO's scientific and technical structure, hebelieved priority should be given to further development of the World WeatherWatch, the World Climate Programme, and the Education and Training Programme.The future integrated WWW system must include features designed to remedydeficiencies in the present system and to compensate for the differing levelsof development among Members. The Voluntary Co-operation Programme had beenextremely effective in providing technical assistance to developing countriesand a series of actions to broaden its role and enhance its effectivenessshould be undertaken.

1.1.66 Turning to meteorological programmes and activities carried out inTurkey, he said the Turkish State Meteorological Service served both themilitary and the civilian sectors and mobilized substantial resources forimplementation of WMO programmes. Realistic plans had been drawn up toimprove Turkey's contribution to the WWW system. Two more synoptic stationswere to be added in 1987, and the system would .ultimately comprise 91stations. Two more upper-air stations would soon become operational, andTurkey would then have a total of nine. With WMO assistance, Turkey wouldsoon complete its message-switching system, thereby strengthening its datacollection and dissemination activities. Turkey had begun to use a number of

12 GENERAL SUMMARY

other modern telecommunication devices and was upgrading its computerfacilities to enable it better to store and retrieve meteorological data andto engage in numerical weather prediction. With all those new facilities,Turkey was now able to fulfil its national and international obligationseffectively and would in future be able to support the WWW more efficiently.

1.1. 67 Turkey made extensive use of the products of all existingmeteorological satellite programmes: coloured satellite pictures and cloudmotion images were shown on television programmes, and the StateMeteorological Service had its own radio for broadcasting weather information.

1.1.68far asto the

Turkey gave special attention to the World Climate Programme in soits resources allowed. Climatological data were now being transferreddata bank to meet user requirements as efficiently as possible.

1.1.69 Within the framework of the Applications of Meteorology Programme,Turkey engaged in a number of activities. As an exporting country, it placedgreat emphasis on agrometeorology, which could help promote economicdevelopment. Turkey had started to apply remote sensing techniques andoperational agrometeorological data in agricultural planning and crop-yieldmonitoring, and planned to use data received from LANDSAT. It had 28aeronautical meteorological stations and was l,lpgrading all the equipment atits airports. It had taken the necessary action to enable it to join theWorld Area Forecast System in the near future.

1.1. 70 In view of the rapid developments in marine activities and oftheir bearing on the economy, Turkey was endeavouring to strengthen theexisting network of marine analysis and forecasting centres. A new project tobroadcast marine weather information to small craft and fishing boats wasbeing implemented.

1.1.71 In respect of education and training, Turkey endeavoured tobenefit from all existing possibilities, both at home and abroad. Short- andmedium-term training courses in theoretical and operational meteorology wereheld, and a department of meteorology at one of the universities gaveinstruction leading to a degree in meteorological engineering. There was ameteorological high-school, in which courses were conducted in English;approximately 80 students graduated every year. Universities andmeteorological institutions co-operated closely in general and appliedresearch activities.

1.1. 72 Turkey sought to fulfil its demand for equipment, experts andtraining through WMO' s Technical Co-operation Programme, and had found theVoluntary Co-operation Programme to be the most effective way of providingtechnical assistance to developing countries. Turkey offered technicalassistance under the Voluntary Co-operation Programme, within certainconditions.

1.1.73 There was a growing awareness of the role of meteorology in socialand economic development. WMO' s programmes had been aptly designed to takemaximum advantage of technological advances and increased mutual understandingamong nations.

1.1. 74 Mr O.B. TidjanL Agency for Air Safety in Africa and Madagascar,said ASECNA was a technical body established by the countries of West Africaand Madagascar to ensure safety in air navigation, and as such, was an

GENERAL SUMMARY 13

important example of South-South co-operation. Although it dealt mainly withaeronautical matters, it was also concerned with the myriad aspects ofmeteorology that touched the everyday lives of human beings. Its main rolewas to assist Member States in running Meteorological Services by elaboratingguidelines and principles for the collection, transmission and processing ofdata; by contributing to research on tropical meteorology, to the developmentof meteorological services and to the training of staff; by co-ordinatingmeasures to achieve WMO' s objectives in respect of synoptic and aeronauticalmeteorology and the various components of the World Weather Watch; and byparticipating actively in WMO surveys and research projects.

1.1. 75 ASECNA and WMO had the common feature of mobilizing integratedinternational systems and of being involved in activities which reflected theinterdependence of countries beyond national boundaries. The twoorganizations had collaborated very closely in the development of the plan ofaction for implementation of the WWW, and ASECNA was participating in theWAMEX Experiment.

1.1.76 Although ASECNA had excellent relations with WMO, it did not usurpthe role of the meteorological authorities in its Member countries: rather,it endeavoured to put them in the best possible position to implement WMOobjectives. The working agreement between WMO and ASECNA enabled hisorganization to place rich resources, obtained through fruitful informationexchanges with WMO, at the disposal of each of its Member States.

1.1. 77 It was to be hoped that the exemplary relations between the twoorganizations would be further enhanced by exchanges of experts when projectsof common interest were being carried out and by increased co-operation intraining activities, particularly through additional WMO support for ASECNA'sefforts to provide high-quality meteorological instruction at its civilaviation training centre in Niamey (EAMACl. It was to be hoped that existingco-operation in the maintenance of meteorological equipment would be expanded.

1.1. 78 Dr R.L. Kintanar, President of the Organization, noted that thequadrennial session of the WMO Congress presented him with his onlyopportunity as President to greet and thank those persons responsible for thefunctioning and the very existence of the Organization. He thanked on behalfof the Organization the permanent representatives for the work being done bythe national Meteorological and Hydrometeorological Services in their owncountries and through them the innumerable weather workers allover theworld. He thanked in particular His Excellency Ambassador Andres and theFederal Council of the Confederation of Switzerland for their unceasingsupport to WMO, and the Geneva authorities for their unstinting efforts tofacilitate the Organization's work. He welcomed the fact that severalMinisters responsible for meteorology in their countries were participating inCongress and thanked the Nigerian Minister for Transport and Aviation and thePermanent Secretary of the Ministry of Communications of Brunei Darussalam fortheir encouraging statements. He paid tribute to the United Nations and itsspecialized agencies and requested that his sentiments be conveyed by thevarious representatives to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and theExecutive Heads of the agencies. In an organization such as WMO, a key rolewas played by Permanent Missions of Member States in Geneva and he expressedparticular thanks to the distinguished ambassadors of those Member States forco-ordinating the activities of their countries with those of theOrganization. FinalJ y, he welcomed the distinguished delegates present atTenth Congress who in the coming four weeks would work to ensure the continuedprogress and success of the Organization for the benefit of its Members.

14 GENERAL SUMMARY

1.1.79 Turning to the work of the session, the President referred to thevoluminous documentation and affirmed that the Organization had been verysuccessful in accomplishing its tasks in the four years since Ninth Congress.The future objectives, embodied in the Second WMO Long-term Plan (1988-1997),had never before been so clearly defined. However, the financial constraintsimposed not only on WMO but on most national Meteorological and HydrologicalServices were preventing full advantage being taken of the opportunities andchallenges opened up by recent scientific and technological advances inmeteorology and operational hydrology. It would be unfortunate to allow thoseopportunities to pass by at a time when increasing demands were being made onwater supplies, food, energy and natural resources and when governmentsincreasingly had to face the implications of climate changes, the long-rangetransport of chemical or radioactive pollutants and a general deterioration ofthe atmosphere. Meteorological and Hydrological Services had to be able tomeet those challenges, and they would. The essential strength of WMO lay inits ability to maintain and foster co-operation among its Members; thatstrength had to be converted into developing an unprecedented range ofmeteorological, hydrological and environmental services. New requirements hadto be matched by new technological possibilities, and in fact severalscientific advances had recently resulted in major breakthroughs.

1. 1. 80 Those developments were described in detail in the Second WMOLong-term Plan. The programme and budget for the tenth financial periodsupported, and were meticulously co-ordinated with, the activities describedin the Plan. Both those documents deserved to be well received. There werealso a number of far-reaching administrative and financial decisions which hadto be taken, and the President expressed confidence that Congress wouldresolve the questions before it with wisdom.

1.2 Establishment of a Credentials Committee (agenda item 1.2)

Congress set up a Credentials Committee, composed of the principaldelegates of the following Members:

Regional Association I:

Regional Association II:

Regional Association III

Regional Association IV:

Regional Association V:

Regional Association VI:

Egypt, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda

Japan, Saudi Arabia

Chile

Costa Rica, United States of America

Brunei Darussalam

Netherlands, Poland, Syrian ArabRepublic.

Mr H.M. Fijnaut (Netherlands) was elected chairman of the CredentialsCommittee.

1.3 Approval of the agenda (agenda item 1.3)

Congress approved the agenda given at the beginning of this report.

1.4

GENERAL SUMMARY

Establishment of committees (agenda item 1.4)

15

1.4.1 In addition to the Credentials Committee (see paragraph 1.2 above)Congress set up the following committees for the duration of the session.

1.4.2 In accordance with the provisions of Regulations 24 of the GeneralRegulations, the committee was composed of the principal delegates of thefollowing 12 Members (including the presidents of the six regionalassociations):

Regional Association I: Ethiopia, Mali, Mauritius

Regional Association II: Qatar, Thailand

Regional Association III: Venezuela

Regional Association IV: British Caribbean Territories, Honduras

Regional Association V: New Zealand

Regional Association VI: Finland, Hungary, Ireland

Mr W. Degefu (Ethiopia) was elected chairman of the Nomination Committee.

~o£king ~o~itte~s (open to all participants)

1. 4.3 Two working committees were set up to consider various agendaitems as indicated below:

(a) ~o£king ~o~itte~ A to consider agenda items 2.1,2.3,3.6,3.7,4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4,9.5, 10.1. 10.2, 10.3, 10.4 and 10.5. Messrs. W. Bohme (GermanDemocratic Republic) and R.P. Sarker (India) were electedco-chairmen of Working Committee A;

(b) ~o£king ~o~itte~ ~3.4, 3.5, 7 and 8.of) and A.D. MouraCommittee B.

to consider agenda items 2.1. 3.1, 3.2, 3.3,Messrs. H. Reiser (Germany, Federal Republic(Brazil) were elected co-chairmen of Working

Each working committee reported to plenary on all the agenda items allocatedto it.

1.4.4 The Co-ordination Committee was set up with the compositionspecified in Regulation 27 of the General Regulations.

1.5 Report of the Credentials Committee (agenda item 1.5)

The Credentials Committee submitted five reportscredentials of the delegates of Members and those oforganizations. These reports were approved by Congress.

concerning theinternational

16 GENERAL SUMMARY

1.6 Approval of the Minutes (agenda item 1.6)

The Minutes of the first five plenary meetings were approvedduring the session. Congress decided to approve by correspondence the Minutesof the other plenary meetings.

2. REPORTS (agenda item 2)

2.1 Report by the President of the Organization (agenda item 2.1)

Congress noted with appreciation the report by the President ofthe Organization and in particular the comprehensive information contained inthe report on the progress made in the activities of the Organization duringthe ninth financial period. Those questions in the President's report whichcalled for special action by Congress were considered under the appropriateagenda items. Congress was particularly pleased to welcome the United ArabEmirates which became a Member of the Organization in January 1987, bringingthe total membership of the Organization to 160 comprising 155 Member Statesand five Member Territories. Congress further noted with satisfaction theaction taken by the President on behalf of the Executive Council since thethirty-eighth session of the Council.

2.2 Consolidated report on amendments to the Technical Regulations(agenda item 2.2)

2.2.1 Congress noted with satisfaction the work carried out by thetechnical commissions in keeping under review the Technical Regulations intheir respective fields of responsibility. All requests for studies andsubsequent amendments made by Ninth Congress had been the subject of follow-upaction by technical commissions and the Executive Council.

2.2.2 A Sub-committee on the Technical Regulations was set up to examinein detail amendments to the Technical Regulations, proposed by technicalcommissions and referred to Congress by the Executive Council. Congressreviewed and approved the work of its sub-committee as indicated in subsequentparagraphs.

2.2.3 In reviewing the work done Congress noted the amendment to theTechnical Regulations, Volume I, Chapter B.l - Climatology, proposed by theExtraordinary Session (1985) of the Commission for Basic Systems, and approvedby the Executive Council in Resolution 4 (EC-XXXVIII). It also noted that therecommendations made by the seventh session of the Commission for Hydrologypertaining to the Annex to Volume III - Hydrology - of the TechnicalRegulations were approved by the Executive Council in Resolution 12(EC-XXXVII). Furthermore, Congress noted that as agreed by WMO and ICAO, theupdating of Volume II - section [C. 3.1). which constitutes joint WMO/ICAOmaterial, was SUbject to the special procedures for approval developed jointlyby WMO and ICAO in accordance with the Working Arrangements between the twoorganizations. Section [C.3.3) was revised by CAeM~VIII in order to bring itin line with existing provisions of section [C. 3 .1). Congress was informedthat in view of the urgency of implementing the new regulations, the Presidentof the Organization had approved the amendments on behalf of the ExecutiveCouncil in accordance with Regulation 9(5) of the General Regulations.

GENERAL SUMMARY 17

2.2.4 Being satisfied with the actions described in paragraph 2.2.3,Congress reaffirmed the usefulness of the provisions given by Article l4(c) ofthe Convention and Regulation 9(5) of the General Regulations in enablingprompt action by the Executive Councilor by the President of the Organizationin cases when new regulations had to be implemented before the next session ofCongress. It agreed that those proven practices should continue to be appliedduring the tenth financial period.

2.2.5 Congress considered and approved recommendations made by theseventh session of the Commission for Hydrology to amend Volume IIIHydrology - of the Technical Regulations. It also approved recommendationsmade by the ninth session of the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology tomake certain amendments in the Definitions and Chapter C.2 of Volume I, aswell as in Annex V to the WMO Technical Regulations. Furthermore, Congressupdated the Introduction to the Technical Regulations and agreed thatwithout any changes in the text of the material involved - Chapters [C.4] and[C. 5], and Sections E and F should be re-numbered and included in Section Bunder the title "Other General Standards and Recommended Practices" in orderto ensure that the sections of Volume I followed an unbroken sequence.However,in view of the fact that the three volumes of the TechnicalRegulations would be used separately, Congress agreed to include theIntroduction in each of the volumes. Congress also agreed to include in theIntroduction to Volume III - Hydrology, a reference to operational hydrology.Resolution 1 (Cg-X) was adopted, and the Secretary-General was requested tointroduce in the Technical Regulations the necessary editorial changesresulting from these decisions.

2.2.6 Congress noted that the regulatory material in theWMO TechnicalRegulations still contained units and expressions not exactly in conformitywith ISO standards. It encouraged the technical commissions to take action onthe matter.

3.

3.1

3.1. 0

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRAMMES (agenda item 3)

World Weather Watch Programme (agenda item 3.1)

~oEl~ ~e~t~eE ~a~c~ ~r2gEa~~;_ geEoEt_oi ~h~ Er~sid~n~ of CBS(agenda item 3.1.0)

3.1.0.1 Congress noted with appreciation the report of the president ofthe Commission for Basic Systems (CBS). It congratulated the president forthe successful completion of the Integrated WWW System Study (ISS) andexpressed its great satisfaction with the efforts undertaken by the Commissionfor the continued incorporation of new and suitable technology into the WWWand its components.

3.1.0.2of WMO ondevelopment

Congress reaffirmed that the WWW Programme was the basic programmewhich all other technical programmes depended and its furtherhad therefore the highest priority within the Organization.

3.1.0.3 In 1979, Eighth Congress had agreed to the conduct of theIntegrated WWW System Study within the CBS in order to develop a realisticlong-term WWW Plan and Implementation Programme. Such a plan is to give a

18 GENERAL SUMMARY

conceptual framework for the WWW development over the next decade, based onexpected scientific evolutions and technological advances. It is to be usedas guidance by Members in developing their national progralnmes for improvementof the WWW and gives a basis for planning the activities and projects withinthe World Weather Watch Programme of the Organization.

3.1.0.4 Congress noted that the draft WWW Plan and ImplementationProgramme had been prepared with the combined efforts of experts andconsultants, CBS working groups, regional associations and the Secretariat,and was adopted by the extraordinary session of CBS in 1985 and by EC-XXXVIIIfor submission to Tenth Congress for final approval.

3.1.0.5 Reviewing the draft WWW Plan and Implementation Programme,Congress noted that it contained many new concepts and technologicalapproaches. The Plan emphasized the key role of the GDPS in providingnational meteorological centres with high resolution and high quality forecastproducts several days ahead. Advanced numerical models require accurate datawith high spatial resolution, increasingly to be provided by satellites and byremote sensing systems, particularly from ocean areas. Specific datamanagement functions and procedures will have to be developed and introducedinto the WWW system together with more reliable telecommunications in order toassure adequate and rapid access to data and products. The Plan stresses thestrong need for close co-operation between Members and an efficient exchangeof experience and transfer of technology.

3.1.0.6 Congress emphasized that the WWW Plan and Implementation Programmehad the status of recommendations. They gave guidance to Members on theforeseen developments for WWW systems and showed trends in moderntechnological advances which, when adopted by Members individually orcollectively, would help to reduce the current gap in WWW implementationbetween developed and developing countries.

3.1.0.7 Congress stressed that even though observational data from thespace-based sub-system would increase in quantity and quality, particularlyover the oceans, the surface-based sub-system would remain the basis of theGOS. Therefore, it urged all Members to continue with their efforts tostrengthen their networks of observing stations over both land and sea areas.

3.1.0.8 Congress, noting the foreseen developments in the network of GDPScentres as outlined in the WWW Plan, agreed that the current structure of theGDPS centres should be retained as far as possible and practical. All currentRegional Meteorological Centres should be invited to inform theSecretary-General on their role and possible obligations within the improvedGDPS as defined in the WWW Plan and Implementation Programme 1988-1997.Proper support activities should be undertaken to ensure an adequatefunctioning of the RSMCs within the GDPS.

3.1. 0.9 Congress expressed some concern that the implementation of newcomponents and the rapid introduction of advanced. technology might lead todifficulties in some parts of the world. It noted that a strong WWWImplementation Support Activity (ISA), covering extensive training activitiesand technical support programmes, must be developed urgently. Congresstherefore requested the Secretary-General to study in detail theimplementation problem in various parts of the globe and give high priority toWWW support projects and implementation support activities, particularly inthe critical areas. All possible support resources should be used in a truly

GENERAL SUMMARY 19

co-ordinated and cost-effective way. To achieve this, technical co-operationplans should be made available, at least for those geographical regions wherethe WWW experiences major difficulties regarding the implementation andoperation of its various components. Members and the regional associationswill have to increasingly take more responsibility to develop realistic plansand strategies for the implementation of the WWW in their part of the world.

3.1.0.10 Congress stressed that proper mechanisms should be established tofollow up the implementation of the WWW Plan and Implementation Programme,regionally and globally, during the next financial period. It requested theExecutive Council to establish a realistic machinery for this task.

3.1.0.11 Congress made a number of minor amendments to the text of the WWWPlan and Implementation Programme and urged that the WWW Plan andImplementation Programme 1988-1997 be printed in its final version as soon aspossible and distributed to Members in a sufficient amount of copies.

3.1.0.12 Congress adopted the WWW Plan and Implementation Programme as partof the Second WMO Long-term Plan through its Resolution 25 (Cg-X). Congressalso adopted Resolution 2 (Cg-X) World Weather Watch Programme for1988-1991, and Resolution 3 (Cg-X) - World Weather Watch implementationsupport and co-ordination.

3.1.0.13 Congress urged-all Members to do their utmost to contribute theirshare to the implementation of the WWW Programme as set down in the Long-termPlan and to develop their national plans in line with the WMO Plan. Congressparticularly stressed the important role of the regional associations in theimplementation phase of the Second Long-term Plan and in the preparation ofthe Third Plan. It was considered essential that adequate time andopportunities be provided to ensure that the regional associations could playa stronger role in the development of the regional implementation aspects ofthe Third Plan.

3.1.0.14 Congress noted that following a nuclear power station accident inApril 1986, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) had adopted thetexts of two Conventions, namely on:

(a)

(b)

Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident;

Assistance in Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency.

Both Conventions have entered into force.

3.1.0.15 The Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accidentforesees arrangements for an immediate notification of States, IAEA and otherrelevant international organizations on an accident with flow of radioactivematerials across national boundaries and for prompt provision of informationrelevant to minimizing the consequences of such an accident. The informationto be provided under the Convention includes "information on current andforecast meteorological and hydrological conditions, necessary for forecastingthe transboundary release of radioactive materials".

3.1.0.16 Congress noted with great appreciation the report of the Presidentof WMO on this matter and expr-essed its satisfaction with the activities

20 GENERAL SUMMARY

carried out by the Secretary-General in rapid response to the invitation ofIAEA for WMO to participate in co-operative measures and actions with the aimof achieving an efficient international early warning system. Congress alsosupported the views of EC-XXXVIII that international procedures should be setup by WMO to ensure co-ordinated action on meteorological and hydrologicalaspects in respect of the accidental release of radioactive, chemical or otherhazardous material across national boundaries. It would include a mechanismfor co-ordinating the work of national Meteorological Services in that field.

3.1.0.17 It noted further that EC-XXXVIII had established an Ad Hoc Groupof Experts on Operational Meteorological Aspects Concerning the Emission ofHazardous Materials into the Atmosphere and Atmospheric Emergency Responseswith the task of recommending proposals for an· international actionprogramme. The Ad Hoc Group submitted its report to the President of WMO, whohad been requested by the Executive Council to inform Congress.

3.1.0.18 After reviewing the conclusions and recommendations of the Ad HocGroup, Congress agreed that WMO should continue to have an active and closecollaboration with other international organizations, particularly IAEA, UNEPand WHO. Within its area of competence and available resources, theOrganization should participate in international efforts and joint projectswith the aim of minimizing the harmful effects on human life and theenvironment in the event of transboundary flow of accidentally releasedhazardous material.

3.1.0.19 Congress requested the Commission for Basic Systems to consolidatethe requirements for meteorological, radiological and other relevant data aswell as for specialized products which, within the WWW system, were to be madeavailable to Members in the event of a transboundary flow of hazardousmaterials. The Commission was also asked to develop, as required, appropriateWWW procedures and arrangements for the provision of the necessary data andproducts, their distribution and exchange through the GTS as well as for thearchiving of data and products for evaluation, verification and researchpurposes. Special emphasis should be placed on WWW arrangements for theprovision of information under the Convention on Early Notification of aNuclear Accident. In respect of radiological data, their availability andtheir exchange on the GTS, close co-ordination with IAEA was considerednecessary. When appropriate, the Commission for Basic Systems should makeproposals to the Executive Council on consequent amendments to WMO TechnicalRegulations and WWW Manuals.

3.1. 0.20 Congress also asked the other technical commissions, particularlythe Commission for Hydrology and the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences, andthe regional associations to make proposals to the Executive Council regardingspecific actions and projects, with the aim of improving possible countermeasures in case of an accidental transboundary flow of hazardous materials.

3.1.0.21 Congress invited Members to further develop and strengthen theircapability to provide to national authorities concerned appropriate advice andinformation on the movement and behaviour of hazardous material in theatmosphere and in bodies of international waters. Congress urged Members tomake available data and specialized products in case of a nuclear accident, inaccordance with the requirement of the Convention on Early Notification of aNuclear Accident. Congress stressed further that information on previousexperiences in connection with accidental release of hazardous materialsshould be exchanged among Members. It also urged Members to initiate national

GENERAL SUMMARY 21

arrangements through which, in the event of a nuclear accident, radiologicaldata could be made available on the GTS.

3.1. 0.22 Congress requested EC-XXXIX to take the necessary measures toensure a continued effective co-ordination of WMO activities in case ofnuclear and other accidents involving hazardous materials, which would includethe establishment of a group of experts on hazardous materials and whichshould also look into all aspects of chemical accidents.

3.1. 0.23 Congress expressed its appreciation for the detailed informationprovided by the Permanent Representatives of the USSR and the Ukrainian SSR ofthe various actions taken in the field of meteorology and hydrology during thedifferent phases of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident.

3.1.0.24 Congress decided .that WMO should adhere to the Convention on EarlyNotification of a Nuclear Accident and the Convention on Assistance in theCase of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency and asked theSecretary-General to make the necessary arrangements.

3.1. 0.25 Congress adopted Resolution 4 ICg-X) Meteorological andhydrological aspects concerning accidental release of hazardous materials withpotential transboundary effects, which incorporated its recommendations in thematter.

3.1.1

3.1.1.1 Congress noted that Members' constant efforts had resulted in goodprogress in the development and upgrading ofGDPS facilities, in particular:

laJ

IbJ

The three WMCs had continued to increase their capability fornumerical weather prediction;

Numerical weather prediction methods had increasingly beenintroduced by 16 RMCs and 15 NMCs.

3.1.1.2 Congress agreed that, with the introduction in the WWW Plan of theconcept of Regional/Specialized Meteorological Centres having geographicaland/or activity specializations, there was a need to establish step-by-stepprocedures for the designation of new centres. It therefore requested theCommission for Basic Systems to develop such procedures and to makeappropriate recommendations to EC-XL on the matter. It further reconfirmedthe principle of free exchange of WWW products among Members, including theproducts of new Regional/Specialized Meteorological Centres.

3.1.2

3.1.2.1 Congress noted that the implementation of the GOS, as a whole,consisting of the surface-based sub-system and the space-based sub-system, hadconstantly progressed. While the space-based sub-system, comprisingnear-polar orbiting satellites and the geostationary meteorologicalsatellites, played an increasingly important role in the provision ofmeteorological data, the level of implementation of the surface-basedsub-system had not yet reached a satisfactory level. Congress also noted theincreasing difficulty in maintaining the regular operation of the GOS due tothe recent economic situation of many Members.

22 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.1.2.2 Congress noted with satisfaction that strong support was given toimproving the efficient operation of the GOS, through VCP. However, concernwas expressed that the maintenance of instrumentation and especially theprovision of consumables and spare parts became more and more difficult insome developing countries.

3.1. 2.3 Congress noted with satisfaction that although the number of WMOVoluntary Observing Ships (VOSs) had slightly decreased, six VOSs had beenequipped with the Automated Shipboard Aerological Programme (ASAP) system,which increased the number of upper-air observations over the ocean areas.Congress urged Members to recruit further VOSs and increase further the numberof VOSs equipped with ASAP system.

3.1.2.4 Congress noted the planning undertaken by CBS to carry outevaluations of the baseline upper-air network which had been proposed byEC-XXXVI. In view of the importance of upper-air data obtained from both thesurface and space-based sub-systems, Congress encouraged these efforts whichmay eventually lead to the establishment of an operational baseline upper-airnetwork and urged Members to participate actively in the feasibility study.

3.1.3

3.1.3.1 Congress noted that the implementation of the GTS had greatlydeveloped during the period from 1984 to 1987, namely:

(a)

(b)

(c)

Three WMCs, 27 RTHs and 31 NMCs had been automated;

23 GTS circuits including 11 circuits of the MainTelecommunication Network had been operating with the modems ofV.29 - 9600 bitls multiplexing channels (in accordance with theCCITT Recommendation V.29);

186 GTS circuits had been operating via satellite/cable or theradio-relay (microwave) system, which is considered to be veryreliable.

3.1.3.2 Congress further noted that although the operation ofmeteorological telecommunications in some parts of the GTS had significantlyimproved, there still existed serious deficiencies in the operation in someother parts, in particular in national meteorological telecommunicationnetworks and between NMCs and their responsible RTHs. These deficiencies weremainly due to the irregular operation of HF radio circuits. Congress wasinformed that the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) had initiatedaction to improve telecommunications in Africa and developments in thisrespect would ultimately improve the operation of the GTS.

3.1.3.3 Congress noted with satisfaction that the integration of satellitebased data collection/distribution systems into the GTS was being studied byCBS in order to overcome the existing deficiencies in the operation of theGTS. It noted that Data Collection Platforms could "in future be used for theinjection of national data bulletins directly from an NMC via satellite intothe GTS, and was informed that a pilot study was planned to test thatpossibility in Region I using METEOSAT. Congress noted that the datacollection mission, the DCP (Data Collection Platform) data retransmissionmission and the Meteorological Data Distribution mission (MOD), included inthe METEOSAT Operational Programme, would largely contribute to overcoming the

GENERAL SUMMARY 23

existing deficiencies in Africa with respect to national collection ofobservations, transmission of national data bulletins onto the GTS, andavailability of observational data and products at NMCs, in full compliancewith the principles of organization of the GTS.

3.1.3.4 Congress also noted with satisfaction current efforts by both WMOand ICAO aimed at studying the possibility of joint utilization ofsatellite-based distribution systems so as to meet GTS and World Area ForecastSystem (WAFS) data distribution requirements, and thus enabling States toavoid unnecessary duplication of effort, communication facilities and expensesfor reception of meteorological processed information. In that context, itwas noted that currently the GTS was widely used for the distribution of WAFSproducts.

3.1. 3.5 Congress noted that the number of SHIP reports received via theINMARSAT Coast Earth Stations (CESs) had gradually increased due to anincrease in the number of Voluntary Observing Ships (VOSs) equipped with ShipEarth Stations (SESs). Congress felt that the use of the INMARSAT facilitieswould increase the efficiency of the collection of ships' weather reports (seealso paragraph 3.4.3.4).

3.1.3.6 Congress noted that currently only six INMARSAT Coastal EarthStations (CES) accepted ships' weather reports without charge to ships, andthat the financial burden on the small number of Members operating thoseINMARSAT CESs had increased recently, and was expected to further increase,particularly as regards reception of ships' reports from distant areas.Congress noted that some Members had plans to receive SHIP reports free ofcharge to ships through their INMARSAT CESs asa contribution to thecost-sharing scheme. Congress urged other Members operating INMARSAT CESs tomake the necessary arrangements for the reception of ships' weather reportsthrough them free of charge to ships. Congress requested the ExecutiveCouncil, with the assistance of CBS and CMM, to look further into thedevelopment of a cost-sharing scheme for the collection of ships' weatherreports through the INMARSAT and agreed that, until a generally acceptablecost-sharing scheme had been developed, Members should be encouraged toestablish regionaL sub-regional or bilateral arrangements where theintroduction of INMARSAT had produced recognized changes in patterns ofcollection of ships' weather reports. Congress incorporated the substance ofthe conclusions on the matter in Resolution 15 (eg-X) (see also paragraph3.4.3.5).

3.1.4

The results of the monitoring of the operation of WWW

3.1. 4.1 Under this agenda item, Congress reviewed the current status ofimplementation of the WWW. It noted with satisfaction that a summary ofinformation on the development of the WWW during the period 1984-1987 had beenpublished in the Thirteenth Status Report on the Implementation of the \'VWW(WMO-No. 674) which, together with recent monitoring results, was submitted bythe Secretary-General.

3.1. 4.2 Congress expressed its concern that a certain number of Memberscould not fully carry out their functions of the WWW, even though they hadaccepted the responsibility of establishing and operating the WWW facilities.In particular, some Members could not fulfil their obligations concerning

24 GENERAL SUMMARY

implementation of the WWW which were specified in the WMO TechnicalRegulations, including Manuals on the GOS, GDPS, GTS and Codes. Difficultiesin this respect were mainly due to economic reasons. In view of the above,Congress urged all Members to fully implement the WWW plan as soon aspossible. Congress requested the Secretary-General to provide advice and allpossible assistance to Members who experienced difficulties in implementingthe WWW plan.

3.1.4.3 Congress noted that major activities of non-reaI-time monitoringwere the annual global monitoring carried out in October every year andspecific monitoring surveys carried out in problem areas. Congress noted thata large number of WWW centres had participated in non-real-time monitoringactivities. However, it felt that an increased participation of WWW centreswas necessary to identify the causes of the deficiencies in the operation ofthe WWW.

3.1. 4.4 Congress emphasized that the main purpose of monitoring was toidentify deficiencies so that remedial follow-up action could be taken, andthat detailed and exhaustive analyses of monitoring results were required forthat purpose. It noted that this was most effective in the specificmonitoring exercises which were carried out in one Region or area at a time.It requested CBS to re-examine the monitoring procedures, the analysis of theresults and the initiation of follow-up actions, in particular to considerwhether the effort, both on the part of Members and the Secretariat, would· bebetter concentrated on detailed specific monitoring exercises for well-definedgeographical areas, rather than on the annual global monitoring. Congressnoted that there were discrepancies in some monitoring results provided byNMCs, RTHs and WMCs which could result from differences in the implementationand operation of monitoring activities at the various centres. It requestedCBS to develop further detailed standard procedures for the operation ofmonitoring activities, in particular for automated GTS centres.

3.1. 4. 5 Congress expressed its concern at the decreasing availability ofSYNOP reports and in some regions of upper-air and AIREP reports. It wasnoted that there were serious gaps in the availability of observational datafrom some areas. Information available from Members concerned indicated thatthe main causes of non-availability of data were:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

Lack of consumables for upper-air observations;

Shortage of well-trained observers;

Telecommunications equipment failure;

Lack of electric power at station;

Unreliability or absence of communications between:

(i) Observing stations and NMC;

(ii) NMCs and the associated RTH.

However, it ·was noted that, on a global basis, the availability of TEMP, SHIPand AIREP reports had steadily increased since 1983.

3.1. 4.6 Congress recognized that some significant discrepancies in theavailability of observational data between centres indicated that

GENERAL SUMMARY 25

observational data were lost in the system. Congress felt that the maincauses were incorrect coding and/or formatting of reports and messages, and,in some cases, differences in the implementation and operation oftelecommunication and data-handling procedures at various WWW centres.Congress noted with satisfaction that the Commission for Basic Systems hadinitiated the necessary action, through the WWW data management functions, inorder to develop standard procedures for the operation of the WWW as a fullyintegrated system to overcome the deficiencies.

3.1.4.7 Congress emphasized that one of the basic purposes of the WWW wasthe provision of output products to Members, so as to support their provisionof services at the national and international levels, and agreed thatmonitoring of the availability of processed data should be included inmonitoring activities. Congress requested CBS to develop further monitoringprocedures for that purpose.

3.1. 4. B Congress noted the growing importance of the WWW data managementfunctions. It also noted that the implementation of the WWW data managementconcept would be one of the urgent actions in order to ensure the operation ofthe WWW as a fully integrated system. Congress felt that both real-time andnon-rea I-time monitoring of the operation of the WWW would be a core activityof the WWW data management. CBS was invited to develop further the WWW datamanagement concept and establish firm plans for a co-ordinated introduction ofthose functions in the WWW.

3.1. 5

3.1.5.1 Congress noted that serious difficulties in fully implementing theWWW plan were experienced in many. parts of the world, in particular in thetropical belt and the southern hemisphere. Congress reaffirmed the decisionof Cg-IX in respect of the need for more extensive and co-ordinated WWWsupport activities and asked the Secretary-General to continue to develop thatactivity, particularly in the area of training and practical technical supportto national Meteorological Services in developing countries in order to remedythe most serious existing difficulties in the implementation and operation ofthe WWW key components.

3.1.5.2 Congress stressed the importance of the timely availability at allWWW centres of accurate and detailed information on facilities, services andproducts made available in the operations of the WWW. Congress therefore feltthat the current WWW Operational Information Service (DIS) was. an essentialsupport function of WWW operation and monitoring, and that it should befurther developed as a tool for improving the overall performance of. the WWWprogramme.

3.1.6

3.1.6.1 Congress felt that specific activities and arrangements would berequired in order to maintain better co-ordination and co-operation betweenMembers in order to achieve an efficient introduction of new techniques intothe WWW. In this respect, the concept of Operational WWW Systems Evaluation(OWSE) had been introduced into the WWW.

3.1.6.2Evaluation

Thefor

chairman of thethe North Atlantic

Committee on Operational WWW(CONA), Dr D.A. Axford (UK),

Systemsinformed

26 GENERAL SUMMARY

Congress of the status of the OWSE-NA. Congress noted that Resolution 3lEe-XXXVI) had adopted the OWSE concept, that Resolution 3 lEe-XXXVII) agreedto the OWSE-NA programme and that the Secretary-General had been asked toassist in its implementation. The concept of the OWSE-NA arose both from theresults of the Integrated Systems Study carried out under CBS and from theneed to consider the future of the NAOS. A central objective is toinvestigate the most cost-effective composite observing system for the NorthAtlantic, giving special emphasis to the best use of new technologies.Congress learned that the OWSE-NA began on 1 January 1987 and was planned tocontinue until 31 December 1988. The chairman of CONA emphasized the value ofthe support being provided by the 16 participants, including both Membersconcerned and appropriate technical groups. He noted further that the reportof the OWSE-NA was to be prepared by mid-1989 and that the results of theOWSE-NA could provide a valuable basis for implementation of the WWW in otherareas of the world.

3.1. 6.3 In this regard, Congress emphasized the importance of the WWWsupport and co-ordination functions as part of the necessary WWWimplementation strategy. It recognized that Operational WWW SystemsEvaluations carried out as co-operative projects would have to play animportant role in defining the optimum WWW system configuration and encouragedMembers to participate actively in those projects. Congress noted that,besides OWSE-NA, OWSE-Africa had also recently been defined and actions wereunderway to implement OWSEs in Africa. Congress considered that OWSEs werevital parts of the ~ implementation activities and requested theSecretary-General to arrange support for that type of co-operative project.

3.1. 7

3.1. 7 .1 Congress carried out an overall review of the Tropical CycloneProgramme ITCP)· and the actions taken in response to the decisions of NinthCongress to re-establish the programme with continued strengthening andintensification of its activities. Congress recalled its earlier request thata critical appraisal be made of the programme. It noted with satisfaction theappraisal of the TCP adopted by the Executive Council in 1984 and it endorsedthe view of the Council that the TCP had been, undoubtedly, a successfulprogramme. Congress felt that one of the major strengths of the TCP lies inits concern with all aspects of the disaster mitigation process together withthe high degree of co-ordination and co-operation being achieved.

3.1.7.2 Congress expressed great satisfaction at the considerable progressmade, since Ninth Congress, in both the implementation and further planning ofthe general and regional components of the programme. In this connection itnoted the success achieved by the regional tropical cyclone bodies in agreeingupon operational plans to provide the most effective services with existingfacilities through regional co-ordination and co-operation, in fosteringimplementation of their technical plans for future development and in theformulation of regional co-operation programmes. Substantial progress hadalso been made in training and, particularly under the general component ofthe TCP, on transfer of technology and methodology~ Congress also noted theview expressed by the Evaluation Meeting on the Typhoon Operational ExperimentITOPEK) that the experiment which had been carried out within the programme ofthe Typhoon Committee had been highly successful. It was concluded that TOPEXhad enabled Typhoon Committee Members to greatly improve their operationaltyphoon forecasting and flood-forecasting ability, as well as other measuresrelating to disaster preparedness. Congress commended the Members

GENERAL SUMMARY 27

participating in the work of the regional tropical cyclone bodies and thosecontributing to the general component of the programme.

3.1. 7.3 Congress was particularly gratified by the valuable assistanceprovided through the WMO Voluntary Co-operation Programme and bilateralarrangements, which had helped to accelerate the implementation of WWWfacilities, on which the programme relied, and in the training of personnel.Additionally, Congress recorded its appreciation for the considerable supportrelated to equipment, expert services, fellowships and group training providedby UNDP to Members of two of the regional tropical cyclone bodies. Itappealed to UNDP and VCP donor Members to continue and, where possible,increase the support provided to cyclone-prone Members in connection with TCPactivities.

3.1. 7.4 Congress noted the increasing ability of global NWP models torepresent and forecast tropical cyclones realistically and usefully. However,this ability depends on the correct identification of tropical cyclones in themodel analyses. Improvements are therefore needed in telecommunications tomake all data, including satellite pictures, available to centres which areusing such global models operationally, and to make the products of thosecentres available to countries in the tropical cyclone prone areas. Furtherimprovements in the skill of global NWP models in forecasting tropicalcyclones may be expected from improved resolution and from feedback fromMembers making use of the products and from regional tropical cyclone bodies.

3.1. 7.5forecastingrequirementyet reached

Congress noted the need for improvement in the skill inof excessive rainfall resulting from tropical disturbances. Thisapplies, in particular, in relation to disturbances that have notthe tropical depression or tropical cyclone stages.

3.1.7.6 Congress noted that the Economic Commission for, Africa hadrecently adopted a resolution on support to the island countries of the SouthWestern Indian Ocean in their efforts to forecast cyclones and to reduce theadverse effects of such disasters and called on UN bodies including WMO toassist. Information that France intends to participate very actively in theestablishment of a centre for tropical cyclones and other aspects of aregional co-operation project, formulated under the auspices of the RA ITropical Cyclone Committee for the South West Indian Ocean and endorsed byRegional Association L was welcomed. In regard to the work of the RA IVHurricane Committee, Colombia offered to host the eleventh session of theCommittee in San Andres.

3.1. 7.7 In the light of the humanitarian, social and economic impact ofthe TCP, Congress decided that the programme should be continued and furtherstrengthened in the years ahead. It adopted Resolution 5 CCg-X).

3.1.7.8 Congress noted that the appraisal of the TCP was one of the basesfor preparation of the sections concerning the programme in the draft SecondWMO Long-term Plan, Parts I and II. Under this agenda item, and following adetailed examination of the draft provided by the Secretary-General, Congressagreed on Section C, programme 1.7 - Tropical Cyclone Programme for inclusionin Part II, Vol. 1 of the SLTP, which it adopted under Resolution 25 CCg-X).

3.1.7.9 Recognizing that the success of the Tep would depend on thedevelopment of cohesive and effective end-to-end systems for mitigating theadverse impact of tropical cyclones, Congress requested the Secretary-General

28 GENERAL SUMMARY

to ensure the continued full co-ordination, within the TCP, of all activitiesunder its two components, five elements and their interfaces with each other.Congress noted with appreciation the interaction between the Tropical CycloneProgramme (TCP) and the tropical cyclones component of the TropicalMeteorology Research Programme (TMRP) such as the International Workshop onTropical Cyclones held in Bangkok, Thailand in 1985 and encouraged increasedco-operation and interaction between these programmes in order to ensure thetransfer of research results to operational usage.

3.1. 8 !n.§.t~1J!!legt.§. ~ns! ~elh~d.§. ~f_ O~s~r~ali~n_ P~ogr~ffi!lleL _ R~Qrl Qf_ t!!efr~sid~nl Qf_C!MQ (agenda item 3.1.8)

3.1.8.1 Congress noted with appreciation the report of the president ofthe Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation and the documentsubmitted by the Secretary~General on the Instruments and Methods ofObservation Programme for the tenth financial period. It noted that the WMOInstruments and Methods of Observation Programme (IMOP), as a main componentof WWW, was of fundamental importance for the steady improvement of thequality of meteorological data and urged Members to participate actively inand to support the implementation of the programme. Congress commended CIMOfor the comprehensive and cost-effective work which had been carried ouL inparticular the successful implementation of important intercomparisons: theWMO Radiosonde Comparison (Phase I, UK and Phase II, USA), the Sixth WMOPyrheliometer Comparison (lPG-VI), Switzerland, the RA VI and RA IIIPyrheliometer Comparisons, France and Argentina, the RA VI Pyranometer andElectronic Sunshine Duration Recorder Comparison, Hungary and the WMOCeilometer Comparison, UK, the results of which have been or will be publishedas important guidance material for all Members.

3.1.8.2 Congress noted the ongoing intercomparisons of operationalhygrometers in Norway, of Assmann psychrometers in the German DemocraticRepublic, of solid precipitation measurements in many countries and theplanned visibility measurement comparison starting in the UK in 1988. It alsonoted the need for organizing such instrument comparisons under tropicalconditions.

3.1.8.3 The results of the ninth session of the Commission for Instrumentsand Methods of Observation held in Ottawa in July 1985 were noted withapproval. Following the strong endorsement by Eighth and Ninth Congresses,special emphasis was placed by the Commission on technology transfer and ontraining. The work of the Commission, therefore, had included two TechnicalConferences on Instruments and Methods of Observations combined withinstrument exhibitions held in the Netherlands and Canada. These events hadgiven about 200 instrument specialists, including many exhibitors, theopportunity to familiarize themselves with the latest developments ininstrument manufacturing, thus stimulating efforts in the production ofmeteorological instruments and improving their accuracy, stability andreliability. Training workshops for instrument specialists had been carriedout for RA III in Buenos Aires and for RA I in Tunis and Reading which hadbeen aimed at improving the operational use and the calibration andmaintenance of meteorological instruments.

3.1. 8.4 Congress recognized that the ultimate aim of th· work of theCommission should be to ensure that the meteorological data were of highquality, representative and mutually compatible and that they met the WMOstandards and guidelines. Therefore, CIMO should continue to develop a

GENERAL SUMMARY 29

framework of standards, algorithms, regulations for intercomparisons andguidance to fulfil the requirements of the data users. In this connection,Congress was gratified to note the close co-operation between CIMO and CBS andother technical commissions.

3.1.8.5 In view of the rapid developments in the field of instrumentationand equipment Congress recognized the increasing importance of the programme'sactivities to validate and introduce new technology as appropriate, whileensuring compatibility with conventional instruments currently in use.Congress acknowledged the continuous need for training of instrument expertsand supervisors in the service with a view to improving the maintenance ofboth conventional and sophisticated equipment. It proposed to organize, assoon as possible, a specialized workshop on the maintenance of radiosondeequipment in RA I. Establishing and strengthening of Regional TrainingCentres was emphasized and it was recommended to make use of their facilitiesalso for specialized training. Congress was informed that India was willingto establish a regional instrument centre as recommended by CIMO-IX.

3.1.8.6 Congress also noted that, due to the introduction of sophisticatedmeteorological equipment, the important basic work done by elMO to improve theperformance and standardization of conventional instruments and quality ofdata were undervalued, both by the Organization and several Members in thepast. Congress decided that all components of the IMOP should get continuoussupport.

3.1.8.7 Congress also requested CIMO to continue its efforts towardscomparing the quality of data from conventional observations with dataobtained from surface or space based remote sensing observations.

3.1.8.8 Congress noted with appraciation the progress which had been madein updating the WMO Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods ofObservation as well as the preparation of WMO Technical Notes and thepublication of many reports as guidance material in the "Instruments andObserving Methods Report" series.

3.1.8.9 Congress approved the objectives of the Instruments and Methods ofObservation Programme, as indicated in Part II, Volume 1 of the SecondLong-term Plan, and the activities proposed to be carried out during the tenthfinancial period. These activities will comprise the provision of regulatoryand guidance material, the preparation and publication of the sixth edition ofthe Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation, thecompletion of standard algorithms for automatic surface and upper-airmeasurements, the organization of international and regional instrumentcomparisons, the organization of instrument workshops and technicalconferences, the provision of inputs to other WMO programmes and co-operationwith ISO in the field of meteorological instruments and methods of observation.

3.1.8.10 Congress noted with appreciation the offer of the Government ofBelgium to host the tenth session of CIMO in late 1989.

3.1.8.11

3.1. 9

Resolution 6 (Cg-Xl was adopted.

3.1. 9.1 Congress expressed its deep appreciation to the Members activelyengaged in operational satellite programmes which provide an essentialcomponent of the WWW and also support WMO' s other scientific and technical

30 GENERAL SUMMARY

programmes. It noted with concern that high costs made it necessary forsatellite operators to take risks with reliability and continuity ofcoverage. Observational gaps in the global coverage had indeed- resulted whenlaunch and operational failures occurred. In this context, the Congress notedthe plans of certain Members for on-orbit spare satellites. It was recognizedthat the meteorological services were relying more and more on satellites; itwas therefore necessary to strive for a more reliable and robust globalnetwork to assure adequate coverage from the satellites.

3.1. 9.2 Congress was informed about the current activities and futureplans related to the existing network of meteorological satellites:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

3.1.9.3satellitesprogrammes.

The European Meteorological Satellite Organization (EUMETSAT) cameinto existence in 1986 to manage the operational Europeanmeteorological satellite system within the space-based sub-systemof the World Weather Watch. EUMETSAT described plans to launchfour METEOSAT satellites during the next several years which wasexpected to provide a high level of operational reliabilitythrough 1995. The European Space Agency was currently definingthe characteristics for the next generation METEOSAT which wasexpected to be launched about 1995;

India has definite and firm plans to continue the geostationarysatellite through the early years of the next century. Theseplans include additional spacecraft in the INSAT-I series followedby the next generation satellite (INSAT-II) which is now beingdeveloped;

Japan plans to launch the next Geostationary MeteorologicalSatellite <GMS-4) in 1989. A study is beginning this year todefine the next generation meteorological satellite which isexpected to have some enhanced capabilities over GMS-4. Upgradingand replacement of the ground data handling system was completedin March 1987. This enables the Japan Meteorological Agency tooffer improvements in the satellite observations and services;

The USSR has firm plans to maintain the existing near-polarorbi ting meteorological system "METEOR" for the foreseeablefuture. Plans for the future development of this system envisagean increase in orbital altitude of the spacecraft to ensurecomplete coverage in the equatorial zone. There is also a plan tolaunch the Geostationary Operational Meteorological Satellite(GOMS) before 1991 and to position it at 76°E longitude.

The USA has restored operations with two geostationarymeteorological satellites with the GOES series. Plans are tocontinue a two GOES satellite system and to launch polar-orbitingsatellites of the TIROS NINOAA series approximately every fifteenmonths to provide continuity of the satellite programme. Thisincludes plans to improve the satellite -data and services throughreplacing the present GOES spacecraft with the next generationgeostationary satellite series about 1990 and improvements in thepolar-orbiting satellites planned for 1992.

Congress confirmed the value and importance of meteorologicalin contributing to the long-term goals in all of the WMOit was emphasized that such contributions involved the continued

GENERAL SUMMARY

operation of both polar-orbiting and geostationaryobservation, data collection and dissemination roles.essential and had to be ensured if the World Weatherrelated applications were to be preserved.

31

satellites in theirThose roles were all

Watch system and the

3.1. 9.4 Congress endorsed a long-term policy to foster the concept of ashared meteorological satellite network and to promote studies on theimplementation of it. Such a policy should broaden and increase theopportunities for Members to participate directly in developing andmaintaining a global network of meteorological satellites. It recognized thatthere were a number of ways in which participation could occur, such asproviding instruments or funding. It agreed that WMO needed to promoteco-operative arrangements and to assist countries with potential interest inspace ventures to include meteorology and operational hydrology in theirplanning. It was pointed out~ that Europe had gone in the direction of sharingcosts through the formation of EUMETSAT. It is possible that an organizationof this kind could be appropriate for other areas of the globe. Within thecontext of this long-term policy it is also necessary for WMO to seek aconsensus on an overall network configuration which combines the contributionsfrom all the participants so as to achieve a high degree of reliability andcontinuity of operations.

3.1.9.5 Congress also recognized that a number of countries currently hadthe technical capability to develop, launch and operate satellites, and thatindustrial groups existed in other countries which could benefit fromparticipation in that type of activity. Members were asked to consider whereand how they could develop partnerships between meteorological services andspace-related organizations so that their countries could participate directlyand contribute to a global network of meteorological satellites, and obtainthe benefits of the data and services from the global network. In thisregard, the Congress was particularly pleased to learn that China planned tolaunch an experimental polar-orbiting meteorological satellite prior to 1990.China also expressed an interest in further co-operation on meteorologicalsatellites. Australia informed the Congress that it was investigating ways tocontribute more to the global network of meteorological satellites such asthrough co-operation with China or participation in other bilateral ormultilateral arrangements for the development of satellite sensors. Brazil isplanning to launch an experimental satellite with a data collection missionbefore 1990.

3.1. 9.6 Congress requested the Executive Counci 1 to continue its effortsto ensure satellite continuity with emphasis on the issue of long-termfinancing. In this regard, it requested the Executive Co~~ci1 to investigatethe possibility of securing long-term commitments or obtaining regular andreliable information for long-term planning from contributors to the globalnetwork. This could provide a means of identifying the degree to whichsatellite data and services will be available during the long-term planningperiods of the WMO. It was recognized that a time scale of 10 to 12 years wasconsistent with the time needed to develop a new generation of operationalsatellites.

3.1. 9. 7 The benefits of satellite data and services are not yet fullyachieved, especially among certain developing countries particularly due tofinancial implications. It is necessary to improve the management andapplication of meteorological satellite data through training courses in theseareas. There is also a strong need for less expensive equipment to bedeveloped, especially for the acquisition and processing of high resolution

32 GENERAL SUMMARY

meteorological satellite data. The use of regional or sub-regional projectsshould also be considered as a means of improving the utilization of satellitedata and services. Although it was appreciated that the applications ofsatellite data were normally accomplished within the WMO programmes, someMembers expressed the view that the role of WMO in co-ordinating and promotingthe applications of satellite data and services should be strengthened. Itwas suggested that this be taken into account in preparing the Third WMOLong-term Plan.

3.1.9.8 Congress took note of the many activities by national andinternational organizations on space-related efforts important to meteorologyand hydrology. It particularly emphasized the importance of the secondsession of the World Administrative Radio Conference on the use of thegeostationary satellite orbit and the planning of the space services utilizingit which would be hosted by the International Telecommunications Union in1988. The proposal to designate 1992 as the International Space Year could beimportant to WMO. Congress stressed the importance for WMO to continue towork closely with the United Nations organizations and other internationalorganizations, such as the Co-ordination on Geostationary MeteorologicalSatellites (CGMS), to assure that applications to meteorology and hydrologywere appropriately considered in space-related activities.

3.1.9.9 Congress considered that there was a continuing need for overallco-ordination of satellite-related activities in WMO. It therefore requestedthe Executive Council to continue its role in co-ordinating satellitematters. Resolution 7 (Cg-X), concerning the co-ordination of WMO satelliteactivities and the issue of satellite continuity, was adopted.

3.2

3.2.0

World Climate Programme (agenda item 3.2)

~o!:lQ gIim-",-t~ !,rQg!:a!:JUll~;_ gel2o!:t_of the l'r~sid~ni Qf_Cgl (agendaitem 3.2.0)

3.2.0.1 Congress noted with appreciation the report of the president ofthe Commission for Climatology (CCl), covering the activities of theCommission in climate data, climate applications and the overall co-ordinationof the WCP. It noted, in particular, the Commission's role in the WorldClimate Data (WCDP) and Applications (WCAP) components for which CCI wasdesignated the lead Commission. This role had been accomplished principallythrough the Advisory Committee for the World Climate Applications and DataProgrammes (ACCAD) of which the president of CCI is the chairman and whichincludes other international agencies as well as WMO bodies. Congress notedthat the work plan for the future activities of CCI followed the. SecondLong-term Plan (SLTP) and that the relevant proposals of the Secretary-Generalfor the programme and budget for the tenth financial period were delligned tosupport CCI in implementing those activities.

3.2.0.2 Congress noted with approval the progress made toward achievingthe objectives of the World Climate Programme imd reaffirmed that the WorldClimate Programme should continue to consist of four components: WCDP, WCAP,World Climate Impact Studies Programme (WCIP) (being implemented by UNEP), andWorld Climate Research Programme (WCRP) (being implemented jointly by ICSU andWMOl.

3.2.0.3 Congress decided to continue the mechanisms established by NinthCongress for the overall co-ordination of the WCP.

GENERAL SUMMARY 33

3.2.0.4 Congress noted the results of the WMO/UNEP/ICSU InternationalConference on the Assessment of the Role of Carbon Dioxide and of otherGreenhouse Gases in Climate Variations and Associated Impacts (Villach,Austria; October 1985) and urged that a concerted effort be undertaken by theSecretary-General, in conjunction with UNEP and ICSU, to increaseunderstanding and narrow the range of uncertainties in expected climate change.

3.2.0.5 Congress noted the recommendation by the Villach Conference toestablish the Advisory Group on Greenhouse Gases (AGGG). This group is toundertake continuous scientific assessment and review of greenhouse gases andthe progress that is being made toward a more complete understanding of theirnature and extent. Congress asked the Executive Council, in co-operation withthe governing bodies of UNEP and ICSU, to monitor continuously theimplications of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and their effecton the global climate and related issues and to arrange appropriate mechanismsto undertake further development of scientific and other aspects of greenhousegases. (See also paragraphs 3.2.4.8, 3.2.4.16 and Resolution 9 (Cg-X).)

3.2.0.6 In response to a request from EC-XXXVIII, the Secretary-Generalconvened an informal meeting with representatives from ICSU and UNEP on15-16 May 1987 to consider a second World Climate Conference. The meetingproposed that such a conference be held by WMO in co-operation with UNEP, ICSUand other international organizations in late 1989 or early 1990. Theconference would review all aspects of the WCP, with emphasis on the economicbenefits of climate applications, especially in developing countries.Congress agreed with the proposal and requested the Executive Council to makeappropriate arrangements.

3.2.0.7 The usefulness of establishing National Climate Programmes wasstressed and Congress requested that further guidance on the development ofsuch programmes be provided.

3.2.0.8 Congress noted that the very important subject area of droughtswas covered under several budget items and stressed the need ·for co-ordinationof all drought-related activities.

3.2.0.9Long-term(Cg-X) •

Part II, Volume 2 (World Climate Programme) of the Second WMOPlan was adopted as part of the overall Plan under Resolution 25

3.2.0.10 Resolution 8 (Cg-X) was adopted, covering the decisions on theoverall co-ordination of the World Climate Programme, the future activitiesunder the Data and Applications components of the programme, and the holdingof a second World Climate Conference.

3.2.1

3.2.1.1 Tenth Congress noted the substantial progress made under the WorldClimate Data Programme towards achieving its objectives through a series ofspecific projects. Congress complimented the technical commissions and theregional associations for their efforts to achieve the objectives of theWCDP. Since the success of the other components of the WCP is dependent onthe WCDP, very high priority was placed on this programme.

3.2.1.2 In order that the climate system and significant anomalies can beoperationally monitored with an adequate level of reliability, Congress urged

34 GENERAL SUMMARY

Members to increase the number of CLlMAT reporting stations on their territoryas necessary to meet the requirement specified in paragraph [B.l.] 3.1.1.2 ofthe Technical Regulations, which states that "the distribution of stationsfrom which monthly surface climatological data are transmitted should be suchthat every 250 000 krn' is represented by at least one (CLlMAT) station andup to 10 stations where the density of the Regional Basic Synoptic Networkpermits". Noting that the proposed increase did not imply that Members shouldexpand the existing observing system, Congress urged all Members to considerits implementation as early as possible and to inform the Secretariat of theadditional stations designated for CLlMAT reporting purposes. Congressemphasized the important role of the regional associations in the developmentand maintenance of a co-ordinated regional network of CLlMAT reportingstations in their respective regions.

3.2.1.3 Congress supported the Data Rescue Project which was developed forRegion I where data were at the greatest risk of irretrievable loss.Appreciation was expressed to Belgium for its support of the project throughhosting the International Data Rescue Co-ordination Centre in Brussels andproviding experts for the training components of the project. France'sinterest in supporting the project was noted, as well as their kind offer toprovide those African data now archived in France to countries in Region Iwhich request them. Congress urged Members and international organizations tosponsor other components of the project, such as providing equipment fornational and regional centres. Congress agreed that such projects should alsoimprove the capabilities of Members of Region I to rescue and preserve thedata themselves nationally.

3.2.1.4 Congress strongly supported the CLICOM project and noted that thisproject was likely to achieve the objectives stated in the Second Long-termPlan earlier than planned. Congress was informed that funds (VCP, UNDP,bilateral) were already secured or forthcoming for the deployment of about60 CLICOM systems in 45 countries and that VCP requests had been submitted foran additional 20 countries. Congress noted that CLICOM would be useful forboth developing and developed countries. Congress recommended that allappropriate applications software be made available to CLICOM users. Linkagebetween CLICOM and GTS was considered necessary to integrate fully datamanagement facilities and procedures. Congress recommended that there should·be more regional CLICOM training seminars. Appreciation was extended toCanada, Chile, Finland, France, UK and USA for their active support toCLICOM. Noting the actions taken by the IOC with regard to the use ofmicro-computers and high speed data communications, Congress recommended thatthe CLICOM project maintained close co-operation with the IOC through itsTechnical Committee on International Oceanographic Data and InformationExchange (TC/IODE).

3.2.1.5 CLICOM was considered to be a useful means by which data could bequality controlled. To maximize the use of CLICOM systems, Congress suggestedthat a mechanism be established to exchange data and information among centresoperating CLICOM systems. It was felt that this would also allow CLICOMapplications modules developed by countries to be exchanged. To ensure thatCLICOM was being utilized to its maximum potential, it was proposed thatoperational training activities under the project be stepped up. theimportance of exchanging data between main-frame computers and CLICOM systemsand of utilizing data received through the Data Rescue Project was alsorecognized.

GENERAL SUMMARY 35

3.2.1. 6 Congress was informed that some micro-computer hardware had beendonated to seven Central American countries directly by a manufacturer. TheCongress delegates from Costa Rica, Panama and Uruguay recommended that, on apilot project basis, CLICOM be deployed with the necessary hardware upgrades,software and training. In order to execute this project, Congress urged donorcountries to consider support for the sub~region under VCP.

3.2.1. 7 Congress recognized the importance of the Climate SystemMonitoring (CSM) project and noted that Monthly Bulletins containing valuableinformation on the state of the global climate system were received by allMembers. Several Members stated that the monthly bulletins would be even moreuseful if they were available earlier. Congress therefore recommended thatbrief CSM status reports on key climatic phenomena such as the El Nino shouldbe distributed via GTS to all countries. It also recognized the broadinterest shown in the comprehensive biennial Global Climate System Reviewsprepared under the CSM project. As an example, the diagnostic informationcontained in the Global Climate System Review, Autumn 1984-Spring 1986 (CSMR84-86), which described areas affected by El Nino and the links between thelong-term drought in the Sahel and sea-surface temperature, provided valuableguidance on seasonal rainfall patterns in many parts of the world. Congressappreciated the support of the World Meteorological Centres, (Melbourne,Moscow, Washington, D.C.) and endorsed their lead role in the CSM project.Congress was informed that the World Radiation Data Centre in Leningrad (USSR)was prepared to contribute to CSM, but noted that more and better qualitysurface-radiation data should be submitted to the centre by Members foradequate coverage. Appreciation was extended to UNEP for co-sponsoring theCSM project under UNEP/GEMS. Congress expressed the hope that UNEP support toCSMactivities would continue over the next financial period. Congress wasinformed that the CSM monthly bulletins and the Global Climate System Reviewswere particularly useful to the countries in Latin America which were "ffectedby the El Nino. To make this information even more useful, it was suggestedthat CSM information be translated into Spanish if at all possible. Notingthat finances were limited for the WCDP, Congress suggested that alternativemechanisms be explored for translation with the countries in the region.

3.2.1.8 Recognizing the serious deficiencies in historical global climatedata sets, Congress recommended that remedial action be initiated to improvethe global climate data base and urged Members to co-operate through theprovision of records to international processing centres when needs wereidentified. Viable climate system data sets were considered to be essentialto answer basic questions such as the cause of drought in Africa, the effectof increasing concentrations of CO 2 and other Greenhouse Gases (GHGs), andthe impact of climate variations on socio-economic activities. To prepare aviable global climate system data base, Congress was informed that thefollowing was planned contingent on the availability of funds:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

A review of existing climate data bases;

The identification of deficiencies;

A specific data collection and processing effort to prepare aclimate data set; and

The establishment of a mechanism to update the data set every twoyears to keep it current for research, applications and impactstudies.

36 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.2.1.9 Congress noted with appreciation the efforts of ISLSCP (TheInternational Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project) to establish anhistorical data base of land surface characteristics. It encouraged thisactivity and proposed greater efforts to avoid loss. either because ofdestruction of the data or because of decreased accessibility as a result ofgreater costs. of satellite data which might be useful for this purpose.

3.2.1.10 Congress was informed that India was prepared to host a regionalclimate data centre and suggested that other regions should considerincorporating regional climate data management functions in existing orplanned regional centres. Congress was informed that China had some climaticinformation reflecting climatic changes in the last five millennia. Othercountries also had climate data records for many years. often over 100. and itwas felt that the CLICOM project would enable these data (most of which werein manuscript form) to be put to practical use in research. applications andimpact studies. once they were on computer media.

3.2.1.11 Congress supported the INFOCLlMA project which compiled referralinformation on station networks and climate system data sets. Congress notedthat an updated catalogue which included data set information on several newcategories of data was ready for publication in the WCP Report Series.Congress recommended that information be summarized on all basic observationaldata archives at centres. in addition to specialized or derived data sets. tomake the catalogues complete and more useful.

3.2.1.12 Congress noted with satisfaction the progress made in thepreparation and publication of the WMO-sponsored World Weather Records: thelast volume of the 1961-1970 series (Volume 5. Africa) had been published in1985; data collection and editing for the 1971-1980 series was nearlycompleted for five WMO Regions. and it was expected that all these volumeswould be published in 1988. Congress expressed appreciation to all Memberswho had contributed to the project.

3.2.1. 13 Noting the importance of the WCDP and the proj ects wi thin theprogramme. Congress recommended that CCI. in co-operation with CAgM. CBS. CHyand CMM. increased its activities in support of the WCDP.

3.2.1.14 Recognizing that the WCDP covered data from all components of theclimate system (e.g. the atmosphere. oceans, land surface, cryosphere)Congress recommended that collaboration be actively continued with otherinternational agencies such as UNEP. ICSU. Unesco and IOC to ensureco-ordinated climate data management.

3.2.2

3.2.2.1 Congress reviewed the activities of the Organization in the fieldof the World Climate Applications Programme during the ninth financial periodand recorded its appreciation to the CCI. to CAgM. CBS. CHy and CMM. and tothe Secretary-General on the implementation of the activities. approved byNinth Congress. Congress emphasized that high priority should be given tocontinued development and implementation of WCAP because it would yield rapideconomic benefits to Members. Food and water related Projects. under the WCPwere discussed further under agenda items 3.4.1 (Agricultural Meteorology) and3.5.2 (Hydrology and Water Resources·). respectively.

GENERAL SUMMARY 37

3.2.2.2 The expansion of the applications areas covered by the ClimateApplications Referral System (CARS) was considered important in order thatusers could be aware of and access techniques that were not locallyavailable. Congress noted with satisfaction the undertaking by CCI of anassessment of CARS to ensure that CARS fully met the needs and requirements ofusers. Congress encouraged the implementation of practical climateapplications methodologies, references for which were contained in CARS. Itconsidered that the adaptation and testing of application methods prior totheir deployment in countries was an important step which would help to ensurebeneficial results.

3.2.2.3 It was further emphasized that publication of guidance materialand proceedings already prepared, including those On building climatology andhuman health which were produced recently in the USSR, should be given highpriority.

3.2.2.4 Congress was informed of the ongoing activities in the preparationof manuscript maps for the regional climatic atlases of several Regions. Itnoted that for financial reasons it had not been possible to publish severalmanuscript maps that had been prepared under the WMO regional climatic atlasesproject following decisions of Regional Associations III, IV and VI. Congressagreed that action for the preparation and publication of regional climaticatlases should continue as set forth in Resolution 10 lEC-XXXVIII); furtherconsideration should be given to a feasibility study proposed by the USSR onthe preparation and publication of a World Climatic Atlas.

3.2.2.5 Congress noted the high benefit-to-c0st ratio of many climateapplications and stressed the importance of WMO activities aimed at thedevelopment of guidance to Members in demonstrating economic benefits todecision-ma_kers. It was suggested that the proposed second World ClimateConference should ensure that national decision-makers were made aware of theimportance of climate applications.

3.2.2.6 Congress invited Members to make maximum use of their climate datain applications in agriculture, water management, energy and other criticalareas of importance. In particular the potential benefits to the building andconstruction industry were highlighted and Congress expressed appreciation forthe close co-operation between WMO and the International Council for BuildingResearch Studies and Documentation (CIB) in that area.

3.2.3

3.2.3.1 Congress expressed appreciation to UNEP for its activeimplementation of the World Climate Impact Studies Programme and supported theproposed future activities. The need for continued close co-operation betweenUNEP and WMO in this area was stressed by Congress.

3.2.3.2 Congress noted with appreciation the achievements and progressmade towards an agreement to control chlorofluorocarbon production under theVienna Convention for the protection of the ozone layer. It was noted thatCFC reductions would also contribute to smaller anthropogenic effects onclimate change.

3.2.3.3 The importance of close co-operation between related applicationsprogrammes and the WCIP was stressed. Among examples of successfulco-operation attention was drawn to the WMO/WHO/UNEP Symposium on Climate andHuman Health convened in Leningrad in 1986.

38 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.2.3.4 To ensure the credibility of results, it was emphasized that itwas of utmost importance that climate impact assessments were based on soundscientific grounds. The activities to address the risks to the ozone layerconstitute an example where action has been based on comprehensive scientificinvestigations using extensive ground and satellite observations, althoughadditional research is needed to overcome remaining uncertainties. Theproblems related to the greenhouse gases and associated impacts wereconsidered by Congress to be much more complex, warranting further researchefforts before legislation on the greenhouse gas issue eQuId be developed.

3.2.3.5 In welcoming UNEP's plans to establish an international network ofclimate impact programmes, the representatives of a number of· countriesoffered to provide advice in national climate programme· development based onthe experience gained in the implementation of their own programmes.

3.2.3.6 Congress generally endorsed the specific projects on impact andassessment of climate and climate variations as contained in the SecondLong-term Plan.· It was recognized that the projects would be carried outunder the guidance of the UNEP Scientific Advisory Committee.

3.2.4

3.2.4.1 Congress recalled that, when establishing the .World ClimateProgramme at Eighth Congress (Resolution 29 (Cg-VIII», it had agreed that theclimate research component should be conducted jointly by WMO and theInternational Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU). Accordingly, EighthCongress had approved an Agreement between WMO and ICSU, establishing theWorld Climate Research Programme (WCRP). By this Agreement, signed inNovember 1979, WMO and ICSU had agreed to co-sponsor the WCRP and to call uponother appropriate national and international organizations and the worldcommunity of scientists, to co-operate in the realization of the Programme.Moreover, in accordance with the Agreement, WMO and ICSU established a JointScientific Committee (JSC) to provide scientific guidance for the conduct ofWCRP, which is regarded, by both organizations, as the main scientific bodyfor formulating the overall scientific strategy of the Programme and ensuringinternational co-ordination of activities contributing to its implementation.

3.2.4.2 ICSU expressed satisfaction with the progress made with this jointscientific endeavour of the two organizations, and endorsed the objectiveslaid out for the WCRP in the WMO Second Long-term Plan as well as thepriorities indicated in the Programme and Budget for the period 1988-1991.The activities by ICSU bodies which supported the overall goals of the WorldClimate Programme were summarized and, in particular, ICSU's decision toundertake the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) to studyglobal change. ICSU emphasized the scientific interest taken by itsconstituent bodies in studying the broad physical and biological as well associo-economic consequences of man's influence on the environment, such as therelease of radiatively active gases or the fires which could be caused by amajor nuclear war. Congress was pleased to note the wide interest of ICSU inglobal issues and encouraged the JSC to develop further its co-operation withICSU programmes, especially the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme tostudy natural and man-induced changes of the global environment.

3.2.4.3 Congress observed that co-operation with many internationalorganizations or bodies was required to pursue effectively the objectives ofthe WCRP and the planning of WCRP programmes. In particular, Congress

GENERAL SUMMARY 39

recognized the need for close co-operation with the oceanographic conununity,represented by the IOC, ICSU's Scientific Conunittee on Oceanic Research (SCORIand the joint IOC/SCOR Conunittee on Climatic Changes and the Ocean (CCCOI, forthe planning of oceanographic activities in support of WCRP. Congress waspleased to hear of the contributions made by the IOC to the planning anddevelopment of the oceanographic components of the WCRP, especially the study,initiated by ceco, of the exchanges of carbon dioxide between the ocean andthe atmosphere.

3.2.4.4 Congress noted with satisfaction the progress made in the planningand implementation of the WCRP since Ninth Congress, in particular, thedevelopment of a first Implementation Plan for the WCRP which had beensubmitted to Members in December 1985. Congress expressed satisfaction thatthe first Informal Planning Meeting on the WCRP, organized by WMO in Geneva,May 1986, and co-sponsored by ICSU and IOC, had indicated sufficientconunitments by participating national delegations, to allow the implementationof the Progranune to proceed along the lines proposed by the JSC.

3.2.4.5 Congress noted that the implementation of WCRP requiredaugmentation of several operational observing and data management systems, thedevelopment of new systems, international exchange of additional data for thepurpose of climate research and increased support of national climate researchactivities. Congress urged that these actions be vigorously pursued,considering that the implementation of the WCRP Plan would not only lead toaChieving the scientific objectives of the Progranune, but also offer practicalincentives in establishing the physical basis for long-range weatherprediction and assessment of climate fluctuations on seasonal and longertime-scales. Congress emphasized that developing schemes to predicttime-averaged atmospheric conditions, such as the monsoonal flow or changes inthe tropical Pacific trade-winds, would be especially important in theclimate-sensitive tropical zone.

3.2.4.6 Congress welcomed the initatives taken under the auspices of theJSC, in co-operation with CAS, for the development of numerical modellingtechniques applicable to both long-range weather prediction and the simulationof climate. Congress endorsed the view, expressed by JSC, that validation ofclimate models against observed meteorological and climatological quantitieswas essential to reduce the margin of uncertainty of climate simulations.Congress also noted the important work being undertaken, under the auspices ofCHy, on modelling hydrological processes on the macro-scale, with a view toestablishing a link between hydrological and climate models.

3.2.4.7 Congress noted with satisfaction the results achieved by the firsttwo data-collection projects organized by the WCRP: the Global Sea-SurfaceTemperature Data Project and the International Satellite Cloud ClimatologyProject. Congress was also informed of the progress made in undertaking aGlobal Precipitation Climatology Project based on the interpretation ofsatellite observations, intensive measurements at selected reference sites andworld-wide collection of monthly precipitation totals from rain-gauges.Congress recognized the importance of assembling such basic data sets andurged all Members to make available the required satellite data andsurface-based observations for the purposes of WCRP.

3.2.4.8 Congress noted the high priority placed by the JSC on studying thecontrolling role of clouds on atmospheric radiation, the relation betweensurface hydrology and energy and water fluxes in the atmospheric boundary

40 GENERAL SUMMARY

layer, and the coupled atmosphere-ocean-ice system at high latitudes.Congress also welcomed JSC's initiatives to develop, in co-operation with CAS,research on the greenhouse effect and the role of radiatively active gaseswhich constitute important climate forcing factors and expressed itsappreciation of the activities of CAS in support of WCRP objectives,especially the specific contribution of CAS to the study of climate forcings,as described in the Long-term Plan. (See also paragraphs 3.2.0.4, 3.2.0.5,3.2.4.16 and Resolution 9 (Cg-X).)

3.2.4.9 Congress noted with particular interest the consideration beinggiven by the JSC to the proposal of a Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment(GEWEX) which could become a main thrust of WCRP in the period 1995-2000 andwould, in the meantime, provide a scientific focus for the various studies ofatmospheric and surface thermodynamic processes, as well as a target for thedevelopment of a new generation of earth observation satellites. Congressagreed that an important role of WCRP was, like the predecessor programmeGARP, to stimulate the development of new global observing techniques whichcould eventually serve the development of future meteorological andclimatological applications.

3.2.4.10 Congress expressed satisfaction at the progress made in theimplementation of the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere (TOGA) programme.Congress particularly welcomed the scientific initiative taken to developoperational dynamical predictions of time-averaged anomalies of the tropicaloceans starting from observed initial conditions. Congress recognized thatsuch experimental predictions held the promise of a capability to assessimpending changes of the mean atmospheric regime up to several months inadvance in some areas of the tropical zone.

3.2.4.11 Congress accordingly urged Members to make availableclimatological information from ships, tropical islands and mainland stationswith short time-delays, as required by the TOGA programme. Congress alsoasked Members to assist, through inter-agency consultations at the nationallevel, with the development of the required oceanic observing and datasystems. Congress welcomed the actions taken by the IOC, responding to therequirements of TOGA, to develop further its Global Sea-Level Observing Systemand augment sub-surface oceanographic observations, and expressed its supportto the WMO/IOC Integrated Global Ocean Services System as the primary oceandata channel to fulfil the objectives of TOGA. Congress noted with concernthat scientific studies were still hampered by difficulties in arranginginternational exchange from some important sources of oceanographic orclimatological data, and in obtaining access to some important oceanic zonesto perform measurements for climate research. Congress recommended that theSecretary-General investigate, jointly with IOC and SCOR, possible mechanismsto overcome the problem.

3.2.4.12 Congress endorsed the decision of EC-XXXVIII to establish anInter-governmental TOGA Board, jointly sponsored by IOC and WMO. It wasagreed that the Board, building upon the experience gained during thepreparation of the GARP Global Weather ExperimenL would provide effectivemeans for consultations, at the inter-governmental level, to review theprogress in the implementation of TOGA observing and data management systems,to identify deficiencies and to take action, as appropriate, to correct thesedeficiencies. Congress also noted with satisfaction the forthcominginstallation of the International TOGA Project Office in the Secretariat.

GENERAL SUMMARY 41

3.2.4.13 Congress expressed its appreciation of the active role taken byceco in planning the WCRP World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) and of theactions taken by IOC and SCOR to assist in mustering the oceanographicresources required to implement WOCE. Congress noted that several majoroceanographic satellite missions were being prepared for the intensiveobserving period of WOCE in the years 1990-1995, and expressed its confidencethat the world oceanographic community would give its full scientific supportto the undertaking and make available appropriate resources and ship time.Congress agreed to co-sponsor, with the IOC, an international conference toreview the plans for the WOCE scientific programme and to assist in ensuringthe widest possible participation in this conference.

3.2.4.14 Congress noted the scientific findings reported by the JSC, on thepotential atmospheric and climatic consequences of a major nuclear war. Ithad been found that large nuclear explosions and resulting large-scale firescould inject massive amounts of dark smoke into the atmosphere, such that asignificant cooling at the surface of the continents and a global perturbationof the general circulation of the atmosphere would result. Congressrecognized that the broad field of scientific research conducted under theWCRP would lead to a refinement of climatic modelling and help in forming thescientific basis for further studies of the potential environmental impacts ofa nuclear war. Congress also recognized that additional research was neededto understand the behaviour of the highly perturbed atmosphere which wouldresult from a large-scale nuclear exchange.

3.2.4.15 Congress noted with satisfaction that the JSChad submitted, in1985, a first assessment of the potential atmospheric and climaticconsequences of a major nuclear war, which was distributed to WMO Members andtransmitted to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, in response toResolutions 39/148 F and 40/152 G adopted by the 39th and 40th sessions of theGeneral Assembly of the United Nations respectively. Congress recommendedthat the second assessment prepared by the JSC be distributed to Members andtransmitted to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Congress endorsedthe actions of the JSC concerning the scientific aspects of the problem andencouraged the JSC to update its assessment as warranted by new relevantfindings.

3.2.4.16 Congress noted the almost unanimous scientific agreementexpressed by the Villach Conference in 1985, that the rise in theconcentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases would cause significant changesin global climate. Estimates were that the globally-averaged equilibriumsurface temperature would rise between 1. 5 and 4.5 degrees Celsius· by themiddle of the next century. Congress further noted that national andinternational attention had begun to focus on this complex issue. Increasesin the concentration of greenhouse gases presented a multifaceted problem inthat each of the gases that contribute to global warming had its own sourcesand sinks as well as specific interactions with the atmosphere. Increases ofsome greenhouse gases were directly or indirectly caused by man's activities,e.g. the burning of fossil fuels or changes in natural systems due to landuse practices. Some greenhouse gases, such as CO 2 , had little chemicalreaction in the atmosphere while others were greatly affected by reactionswith other gases. Congress recognized the importance of the issue and adoptedResolution 9 (Cg-Xl. (See also paragraphs 3.2.0.4, 3.2.0.5 and 3.2.4.8.)

42 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.2.4.17 In concluding its consideration of the WCRP, Congress approved thecontinuation of the Agreement between WMO and ICSU concerning the jointsponsorship of the WCRP by the two organizations, and agreed that activitiesshould continue within the framework of the Agreement for the period 1988-1991.

3.2.4.18 In conjunction with the above, Congress approved the objectives ofthe WCRP, as indicated in Part II, Volume 2 of the Second Long-term Plan andadopted Resolution 10 (Cg-X).

3.2.4.19 Congress recalled that the Agreement between WMO and ICSU on theWCRP encompassed the completion of the remaining activities under the GlobalAtmospheric Research Programme (GARP). Those activities included a number ofdata management tasks and review of the first scientific results of the AlpineExperiment (ALPEX), and assessment of the results of the Global WeatherExperiment.

3.2.4.20 Congress noted with satisfaction the outcome of the InternationalConference on the Results of the Global Weather Experiment and theirImplications for the World Weather Watch (Geneva, May 1985) and the Conferenceon the Scientific Results of the Alpine Experiment (Venice, Italy, November1985). Congress agreed that the scientific advances promoted by thepreparation and execution of the Global Weather Experiment, together withprogress in computer technology, had led to significant improvement in therange and accuracy of weather forecasts. Furthermore, Congress recognizedthat GARP had brought science and technology to bear on the development ofpowerful new meteorological observing systems, especially geostationary andpolar-orbiting satellites, that had been incorporated in the WWW and used byall nations in support of their weather and climatic services. Congress notedthat the exploitation of the GARP data· banks was being actively pursued andcould be expected to yield further progress in meteorological applications aswell as scientific understanding of the atmospheric circulation.

3.3

3.3.0

Research and Development Programme (agenda item 3.3)

ge~e~rQh_a~d_D~v~lQP~e~t_P~ogr~~elgepo~t_of ~h~ pr~sid~n~ of CAS(agenda item 3.3.0)

3.3.0.1 Congress reviewed the Research and Development Programme (RDP) andconsidered under this agenda item those aspects of the report of the presidentof the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (CAS) that relate to theimplementation of the RDP components. Congress agreed that the fivecomponents of the RDP established by Ninth Congress had been developed inaccordance with the WMO First Long-term Plan and with the relevant resolutionsadopted by Eighth and Ninth Congresses. Congress noted with satisfaction theactions taken by CAS to strengthen its activities as recommended by NinthCongress. Following the guidelines established by Ninth Congress in the"Statement of the Future Role, Objectives and Outline Plans of the Commissionfor Atmospheric Sciences for the 1980s", CAS had contributed substantially tothe promotion of the use of research results in Members' operationalactivities, in particular those regarding weather analysis and forecasting.Congress further noted the progress achieved in refining and exploitingvarious GARP data sets and especially recognized the. role of CAS workinggroups and the CAS/JSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentation in fostering

GENERAL SUMMARY 43

the utilization of the valuable data in both operational and researchactivities of national Meteorological Services.

3.3.0.2 Congress noted with satisfaction that several Members had offeredto serve as activity centres within the Progranune on Short- and Medium-rangeWeather Prediction Research, the Progranune on Long-range Forecasting Researchand the Tropical Meteorology Research Progranune. It was agreed that WMOshould continue to encourage Members to contribute to those progranunes byundertaking the role of activity centres.

3.3.0.3 Congress examined Part II, Volume 3 of the Second Long-term Plan Research and Development Progranune - and agreed that the main long-termobjectives and organization of the progranune presented in the plan were inaccordance with the relevant overall objectives and general policies of theOrganization. Congress agre.ed with the reconunendations made by the ninthsession of CAS to make some amendments to Part .II of the Second Long-termPlan, Volume 3, namely to amplify the training aspects of all components ofthe RDP, to stress the relevance of cloud physics to various areas ofmeteorological research, and to encourage the establishment of high qualitydata banks for meteorological research. Congress also agreed with the view ofCAS that contributions of the CAS/JSC Working Group on NumericalExperimentation to the Progranunes on Long-range Forecasting Research and onTropical Meteorology Research should be explicitly mentioned in the SecondLong-term Plan. Congress considered the activities proposed under theResearch and Development Progranune during 1988-1991. While the decision ofCongress on the progranune and budget is recorded under agenda item 8, thediscussion on the RDP components and relevant reconunendations are sununarizedunder agenda items 3.3.1 to 3.3.5 and the decisions are recorded inResolution 11 (Cg-X) - Research and Development Progranune.

WMO Research Awards for Young Scientists

3.3.0.4 Congress viewed with optimism the success the award scheme hadachieved and therefore reconunended its continuation in the tenth financialperiod. It considered, however, that all Members must support the award ifthe success was to be maintained or improved. It stressed that all Membersshould continue to nominate suitable young scientists and ensure appropriaterecognition of successful candidates within their service.

WMO International Meteorological Vocabulary

3.3.0.5 Congress noted the reconunendation brought forth by CAS-IX that theutmost efforts be devoted to the completion of the revised edition of the WMOInternational Meteorological Vocabulary IIMVl before the end of the presentfinancial period (December 1987) (see Resolution 11 (CAS-IX». Congressagreed that the IMV was a publication of great potential benefit with areasonable sales potential. Congress therefore encouraged those involved inthe preparation of the IMV to complete their remaining work quickly.

3.3.1 ~r29~a~~ Qn_S~o~t= ~nQ ~eQi~=r~nge_W~ath~r_P~eQi£tiogge~e~r£h(agenda item 3.3.1)

3.3.1.1 Congress noted with appreciation the achievements obtained in theimplementation, in accordance with Resolution 19 (Cg-IX) - WMO Progranune onShort- and Medium-range Weather Prediction Research (PSMPl, of this progranune

44 GENERAL SUMMARY

which was considered by Congress as one of the highest priority components ofthe RDP. It further noted that the programme had developed by using thestructure of priority study projects. Recognizing that the Commission forAtmospheric Sciences, at its ninth session, had reviewed and accepted thedetailed reports on the status of implementation of each project, Congressendorsed the Commission's decision to continue existing priority studyprojects, namely:

(a)

(b)

(dJ

(e)

(f)

Research on the application of high-resolution quantitativesatellite data;

Limited-area weather prediction modelling;

Phenomenological studies;

Objective interpretation methods;

Very short-range forecasting;

Mediterranean cyclones.

3.3.1.2 Congress commended efforts made by the president 'of CAS and by theCAS Working Group on Short- and Medium-range Weather Prediction Research tokeep under review research developments in this field and to formulateproposals for the programme implementation. Requesting that those efforts becontinued within the programme, however, Congress considered that moreresearch efforts should be devoted to, Western Disturbances, which were ofvital importance to the South-West Asia and Middle East regions and to thesevere weather phenomena in the South-Eastern part of South America. Congressurged Members concerned to serve as activity centres for these studies.

3.3.1.3 Congress wished to emphasize the education and training aspects ofthe programme oriented at enabling meteorologists, in particular those fromdeveloping countries, to interpret numerical weather prediction products interms of weather phenomena and to apply modern methods of very short-rangeforecasting and nowcasting.

3.3.1. 4 Congress appreciated the work of the CAS Working Group on Shortand Medium-range Weather Prediction Research on the creation of data sets andcatalogues of synoptic patterns for research and operational purposes. Itstressed the role of the GARP data set for ,the advancement of Members'forecasting services and agreed that specific activities should be planned forthe tenth financial period to stimulate further the use of ALPEX data forshort- and medium-range weather prediction research.

3.3.1.5 Congress considered the projects proposed for implementation underthis programme in the tenth financial period and beyond as outlined in Part IIof the Second Long-term Plan, Volume 3, Section 3.1. Congress considered thatdistinction should be made between methods used in very short- and short-rangeweather prediction research. It stressed that 'implementation of thoseprojects would benefit all Members since very short-, short- and medium-rangeweather forecasts represented the primary responsibilities of anymeteorological service. Transfer of suitable forecasting technology andmethodologies planned within the programme would be especially useful toMembers with moderate computational facilities. Congress requested Members tocontinue providing full support for the implementation of the Programme onShort- and Medium-range Weather Prediction Research.

GENERAL SUMMARY 45

3.3.1.6 Congress noted with satisfaction the increasing attention given tothe problem of estimating a priori the skill of numerical weather· forecasts.It expressed the wish that further efforts be made in that field, boththeoretically and practically, in view of the large operational benefits to begained from accurate estimates of the forecast skill.

3.3.2

3.3.2.1 Congress noted the progress made within the Programme onLong-range Forecasting Research towards the objective of achieving asignificant level of skill in long-range forecasting by the end of the decadeand ensuring that the methodologies were transferred to all Members. In thisrespect, Congress stressed the importance of education and trainingcomponents. Congress approved the plans for the future, as contained in theSecond Long-term Plan, Part II, Volume 3 - Research and Development Programme,projects 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 and in the programme and budget for the tenthfinancial period.

3.3.2.2 Congress noted that the first of the series of biennial workshopson the diagnostics and prediction of monthly and seasonal atmosphericvariations over the globe was organized in Region IV in 1985, with acomprehensive review of anomalous patterns of atmospheric circulation in theyears 1982-1983 and their regional effects. From this workshop, the potentialapplicability of numerical models to long-range forecasting becameincreasingly evident. Congress endorsed the concept of organizing suchworkshops in different Regions, in order to adequately consider the specialregional problems associated with long-range forecasting and to permit theactive participation of an increasing number of scientists and forecasters.Congress noted that the second workshop had been organized to take place inRegion VI (Europe) in June 1987, in combination with a Symposium onOCean-atmosphere Interaction Relevant to Long-range Forecasting, thereforeemphasizing that important aspect of long-range forecasting, and that thethird workshop would be held in Region II in 1989.

3.3.2.3 Congress noted that, as directed by Ninth Congress, the "First WMOConference on Long-range Forecasting: the Practical Problems and FutureProspects" had covered the broad range of issues facing the operations andresearch efforts in long-range forecasting. It also noted that the conferencehad recorded the steady progress achieved in long-range forecasting over thepast years, such as the emergence of semi-operational monthly and seasonalforecasts in the tropics, the demonstration of skill of monthly mean forecastsobtained from numerical models, progress in estimating a priori the skill ofnumerical monthly forecasts, and advances in the application of forecasts indecision-making. Congress agreed that, among the objectives of the programme,emphasis should continue to be given to the transfer of research results tooperational practices and decision-making processes. It considered that anauthoritative statement on the status of long-range forecasting would bebeneficial to all national weather services.

3.3.2.4 Congress noted that the ninth session of the Commission forAtmospheric Sciences, at the request of the thirty-eighth session of theExecutive Council, had reviewed the Programme on Long-range ForecastingResearch in view of the plans and objectives of the World Climate ResearchProgramme. It noted with appreciation that the Commission had identified themechanisms by which the programmes should complement each other and by whichthe areas of common interest, including that of numerical modelling, should be

46 GENERlIL SUMMARY

considered jointly for the sake of efficiency. Congress reconunended thatevents relevant to the two progranunes be jointly organized. Congress notedwith satisfaction that the Executive Council at its thirty-seventh session hadmoved to establish a joint CAS/JSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentationto work in association with the two progranunes. It endorsed thereconunendation of the thirty-eighth session of the Executive Council that asecond conference on long-range forecasting be organized.

3.3.2.5 Congress recognized that an important strategy for the transfer ofknowledge on long-range forecasting to all Members, and for the implementationof techniques at the operational level, was the organization of regionalworkshops with the objective of reviewing the existing methodology andproducing a set of reconunendations for its introduction in a given Region. Itnoted in particular that the first of such events was scheduled for 1987 inLatin America and the Caribbean and recommended that a similar one beorganized in Africa during the tenth financial period.

3.3.3

3.3.3.1 Congress noted with satisfaction the progress made inimplementation of the WMO Tropical· Meteorology Programme in accordanceResolution.2l (Cg-IX) i which. included six major components, namely:

thewith

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

Tropical cyclones;

Monsoons;

Semi-arid zone meteorology/tropical droughts;

Rain-producing tropical systems;

Tropical limited-area weather prediction modelling; and

The interaction between tropical and mid-latitude weather systems.

3.3.3.2 Congress appreciated the considerable efforts which had been madeby CAS and its Working Group on Tropical Meteorology to draw up plans forimplementing twelve priority study projects, particularly, to identifyprogranunes of research to be undertaken with the participation andcollaboration of Members and research institutions serving as activitycentres. Congress noted that emphasis was placed on operational applicationof the scientific results and technological advances. In this regard,Congress realized that substantial progress had been made in recent years intropical analysis and prediction but the time length of useful deterministicforecasts was far behind that of extra-tropical regions. While recognizingthe problems of data availability, it emphasized the importance of developingsuitable numerical models for use in tropical regions, including the optimumuse of numerical products available from global centres. The increasing needfor the education and training of meteorologists from developing countries intropical meteorology was stressed. .

3.3.3.3 Congress was pleased to note the good progress in theimplementation of the tropical cyclones component. It noted that the majorachievements in this area included exchange of valuable information ontropical cyclones and the establishment of better conununication betweentropical cyclone researchers and forecasters. Congress confirmed that the

GENERAL SUMMARY 47

holding, every four years, of major workshops on tropical cyclones as endorsedby the Executive Council, and with invitees from the research and forecastcommunities, would be important. In this connection, Congress was pleased tonote the offer of the Philippines to host the Second International Workshop onTropical Cyclones in late 1988 or early 1989. Congress noted withappreciation that the International Workshop on Tropical. Cyclones held inBangkok, Thailand in 1985 showed an example of the interaction between theTropical Cyclone Progranune (TCP) and the tropical cyclones component of theTropical Meteorology Research Progranune. Congress also emphasized the need tostrengthen further the links between relevant bodies of the WMO TropicalCyclone Progranune (TCP) and CAS. It requested the Secretary-General tocontinue to ensure close collaboration concerning the operational andmeteorological research aspects of tropical cyclone activities within the TCPand the Tropical Meteorology Research Progranune to facilitate the utilizationof research results in the operational activities.

3.3.3.4 Congress noted the considerable efforts of Members, particularlythose in monsoon-affected regions, and of CAS to implement the monsooncomponent. The establishment of monsoon activity centres by some Members wasgreatly appreciated and considered as a key element for further development ofthat component of the TMRP. It noted that the activity centres for thelong-term Asian summer and winter monsoon studies undertook to compile datasets for research purposes and intensified studies of monsoons, includingnumerical modelling. Congress reconunended that close linkage be maintainedbetween the monsoon activity centres, and major numerical weather predictioncentres producing global and tropical analyses and forecasts. Congressrecalled that at Ninth Congress studies on monsoons over the eastern part ofAfrica were suggested and WMO was requested to assist and support Members inthe studies. In this respect Congress welcomed the proposal to establish anactivity centre for East African monsoon studies. It was pleased to note thatMembers in Region I continued to develop WAMEX-related research activities andthat RA I attached special attention to formulating plans of research in that·field.

3.3.3.5 Ninth Congress encouraged active participation of Members indrought-stricken areas in two long-term projects under the semi-arid zonemeteorology/tropical droughts component. Congress noted with satisfaction theincreased interest of Members in drought-prone regions in the implementationof these projects. Congress particularly noted that close liaison was beingestablished between the activities within the semi-arid zone meteorology/tropical droughts component of the TMRP and Sahel-related study projects whichwere included in the AGRHYMET Progranune. Congress requested theSecretary-General to maintain and strengthen the liaison. In view of thegreat importance for Members in drought-affected regions, Congress stressedthe need to give more attention to activities related to drought predictionincluding the organization of a symposium.

3.3.3.6 Congress noted that TMRP components dealing with rain-producingtropical systems and the interaction between tropical and mid-latitude weathersystems were aimed at improving the knowledge on, and developing suitableprediction techniques for tropical systems of meso- and synoptic scale,including numerical models.

3.3.3.7 Congress recalled the decision of Ninth Congress to introduce anew study project on Tropical Limited-area Weather Prediction Modelling to aidin the development of adequate numerical models. Congress was pleased to note

48 GENERAL SUMMARY

that a number of important initiatives had been taken including theorganization of a training workshop, and that further development of theproject was envisaged in the tenth f'inancial period. Congress expressed itsstrong support for that activity, especially the organization of a workshopsimilar to the workshop on limited-area NWP models for computers of limitedpower held in Erice (Italy), and called for close co-ordination with relevantaspects of programmes on Short- and Medium-range Weather Prediction Research.In this regard, Congress noted with appreciation an offer made by Italy toassist in the organization of such a workshop with additional financialsupport.

3.3.3.8 In general, Congress recognized the continuing need for WMO tostimulate Members j efforts in tropical meteorology research and stressed theimportance of co-ordination of the tMRP with the activities of various WMOregional and other bOdies dealing with tropical meteorology. The importanceof training meteorologists from tropical countries was also emphasized.

3.3.3.9 Congress considered Part II of the Second Long-term Plan,Volume 3, Section 3.3 tropical Meteorology Research Programme. Whileendorsing the programme and approving further development and implementationof its six components, Congress noted that new project areas might also beconsidered at a later stage to satisfy Members' needs for improved knowledgeof meteorological phenomena in tropical and sUb-tropical areas and for betterforecasts of these phenomena.

3.3.4 gn~i!o~~nialRoll~tion ~O~iio!igg_agd_R~s~a!chRrQg!a~~(agenda item 3.3.4)

3.3.4.1. Congress noted with satisfaction the progress achieved in theimplementation of the programme. It underlined that the programme haddeveloped into a major WMO activity which had assisted many nationalMeteorological Services in their activities to study, evaluate and forecastenvironmental pollution, in particular air pollution. the programme alsoconstituted a response of WMO to its responsibility as the lead agency dealingwith those environmental matters and processes in which the atmosphere plays amajor part. Congress appreciated the valuable contributions made to theprogramme by many Members and underlined the global scope of the environmentalproblems pertaining to the programme. Congress fully supported the furtherdevelopment of the programme and agreed that every effort should be made toexpand participation in the programme.

3.3.4.2 Concerning the implementation of BAPMoN, Congress noted withsatisfaction the improvements in quantity and quality, reporting andpublication of data, the establishment of new stations, the preparation ofguidance materiaL and the strengthening of international co-ordination inmonitoring and standardization. Congress also noted with appreciation theassessments made using BAPMoN data from a number of stations with long recordsand underlined the importance of intensive and routine data evaluation andassessment. Congress expressed its appreciation to UNEP for its financialsupport to BAPMoN and also acknowledged the' collaboration of otherinternational organizations such as IAEA and the contribution of Members,especially those that had provided or planned to provide indispensable centralfacilities and services. Congress stressed that BAPMoN should finally developinto a global network sustainable on a long-term basis and operated as aroutine activity carried out by, or in close collaboration with, the nationalMeteorological Services. The need to expand the observational programme at

GENERAL SUMMARY 49

BAPMoN stations to include a wide spectrum of radiatively active gases wasemphasized. It was evident that this would contribute to improving theknowledge of possible climate change. Congress was concerned about the gapsstill existing in station coverage and noted that quality assurance procedureswere not always complied with. Some delegations reported on problemsencountered with missing infrastructure, non-availability of· trained staff andmaintenance of equipment. It appealed to Members and to the Secretary-Generalto spare no efforts towards improving this situation. Congress requested thatthe BAPMoN guidance material be translated into all WMO languages. Withregard to the need for regional centres to assist in analysing, calibration,training and in data assessment, the Czechoslovakian delegation offered tocontribute actively. In line with a proposal made by CAS-IX, Congressunderlined that such centres would be required for Africa, Asia and LatinAmerica.

3.3.4.3 Concerning the project on transport and dispersion of atmosphericpollutants on different time and space scales, Congress was of the opinionthat WMO should continue to participate actively in the ECE/WMO Co-operativeProgramme for the Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission ofAir Pollutants in Europe IEMEP). It was also noted that thereby WMO hadcontributed to the preparation and adoption of international agreements on thecontrol of air pollution. Congress emphasized the continued operational andscientific contribution to EMEP provided by the two WMO MeteorologicalSynthesizing Centres, supported by Norway and the USSR. Congress also notedwith appreciation that the German Democratic Republic intended to contributeto EMEP by organizing an international Workshop on Modelling TransformationProcesses and Transport of Air Pollution with Special. Reference to NitrogenOxides, in 1988.

3.3.4.4 Concerning the project on the exchange of pollutants betweenvarious environmental compartments and integrated monitoring, Congressappreciated the work accomplished through UNEP-supported and national pilotprojects, through international symposia lco-sponsored by UNEP and WMO) andthrough the preparation of a manual on integrated monitoring. Congressexpressed the view that both the Secretariat and individual Members shouldtake steps to promote the establishment of more integrated, interdisciplinarymonitoring sites to facilitate research on the movement of pollutants throughthe various environmental media including air, water, soil and biota orappropriate combinations of these. It noted significant progress inelaborating the scientific and practical bases to enable Members toparticipate routinely, using standardized procedures, in the integratedmonitoring activity. With regard to the Unesco Man and Biosphere Programme,Congress underlined ·the importance of using biosphere reserves as particularlysuitable locations for operating integrated monitoring stations. Congressalso noted the progress made in understanding the processes governing theexchange of pollution between air and water bodies, and emphasized theimportance of applying the knowledge obtained from models in estimating theinfluence of those processes on climate change.

3.3.4.5 Congress further noted the growing importance of cloud chemistryin studies of the transport, transformation and deposition of acidic and otheratmospheric pollutants and the interrelationships between cloud chemistry andcloud physics and recommended that further attention be addressed to thesubject by the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences.

50 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.3.4.6 Congress stressed the pivotal role of WMO in the conduct of ozonestudies, especially with regard to surface-based ozone observations. Itexpressed the view that such a role should be continued and strengthened inthe context of the ongoing, world-wide concern on the deleterious effects ofpotential ozone loss; in particular significant depletion of stratosphericozone over the Antarctic. The Congress noted that preparation and signing ofthe Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer demonstrated thecurrent public concern regarding this matter and considered that WMO should doits utmost to participate in the implementation of actions prescribed by theConvention and to maintain the spirit of this fundamental internationalagreement. Congress noted that a diplomatic conference to further thisinternational effort would be hosted by Canada in September 1987.

3.3.5 Q12uQ ~hysic~ ~nQ ~eather ~oQiKi2aii2n~R~s~aEc~ Er2gEa~~(agenda item 3.3.51

3.3.5.1 Congress noted with interest and approved the activitiesundertaken within the Cloud Physics and Weather Modification ResearchProgramme during the ninth financial period. Congress expressed its greatappreciation to Members who had assisted in the implementation of theprogramme. Congress was of the opinion that, with further research anddevelopment, weather modification might provide additional economic benefit toMembers. Congress stated that it was necessary for WMO to maintain efforts inthis field.

3.3.5.2 Congress noted that, in accordance with the Second Long-term Plan,the Cloud Physics and Weather Modification Research Programme would deal withresearch relevant to intentional weather modification on all time and spacescales and to unintentional weather modification on the local and cloudscales. Congress stressed that such research should be directed to theunderstanding of the physical basis of weather modification, the evaluation ofweather modification activities, and the transfer of research results toapplied projects. Social, legal, environmental and economic issues, wereeonsidered as important components of weather modification. Congressrecognized that research in cloud physics was important not only for weathermodification but also for weather and climate forecasting, studies andmonitoring of acid rain, transport and deposition of toxic materials, and forthe development and utilization of remote sensing methods. Congressconsidered that these subjects should be an integral part of the programme.

3.3.5.3 Congress noted that there remained many questions regarding theefficacy of intentional weather modification and WMO should emphasizeactivities that focused on the resolution of the scientific uncertainties ofthe subject. Congress encouraged Members to consider internationalparticipation in national scientific experiments. Congress also saw the needfor the programme to support Members regarding applied projects, including thedevelopment of information for decision-makers, guidance on the design,conduct and evaluation of projects and facilitation of the exchange ofpersonnel among projects. Congress requested that opportunities be sought andpromoted for training and education and the transfer of proven technology.

3.3.5.4 Congress agreed with the proposed approaches to develop the CloudPhysics and Weather Modification Research Programme, namely:

(al Continuation of the series of general conferences on weathermodification science with periodicity of about four years;

GENERAL SUMMARY 51

(b)

(c)

(d)

Continuation of conferences or workshops on special topics, with aperiodicity of about two years;

Meetings of experts on narrowly focused topics as the need andopportunity arises;

Education and training events.

Congress stressed that the gathering and exchange of information should be animportant component of the programme. Publications such as the "Review of thePresent Status of Weather Modification" and "Information Concerning WeatherModification Directed to Government Decision-makers" should be kept underreview and updated as appropriate. Congress recommended publication of theRegister of National Weather Modification Projects on an annual basis.

3.3.5.5 Congress was pleased to note that close collaboration had beenestablished with the International Association for Meteorology and AtmosphericPhysics. Congress agreed that the atmospheric sciences, agriculture,hydrology, engineering, insurance, legal, social and environmental disciplineshad important interests in cloud physics and weather modification; some hadspecial capabilities in these fields. It recommended that WMO should work asclosely as practicable with other groups representing those interests andcapabilities so that Members might benefit from their expertise and that WMO'sviews might be promulgated through these channels.

3.3.5.6 Congress noted the favourable experience reported by severalMembers with regard to their precipitation enhancement and hail suppressionprojects and also the strong voice of those and other Members in supportingweather modification research and development activi ties. Uncertainties inevaluation of weather modification experiments were also mentioned.

3.3.5.7 Congress recommended that institutions that had the mitigation ofthe effects of drought as an objective of their activities should considerincorporating cloud physics and weather modification studies in their researchplan (for example, the proposed African Centre for Meteorological Applicationsfor Development). It was believed appropriate for such institutions to carryout work which would permit them to address questions raised by Membersregarding the practicability of local weather modification projects.

3.3.5.8 It was noted by Congress that sometimes, in particular when aneconomic stress was caused by drought. the design of cloud seeding projectswhich might be carried out did not allow for proper evaluation. In the past,meteorological services could, however, use resources provided to suchprojects to increase their ability to make observations, measurements andassessments. Congress considered that, in the final analysis, this would helpMembers to develop their capabilities in general and, in particular,capabilities to organize weather modification projects based on more soundscientific principles.

3.4

3.4.1

Applications of Meteorology Programme (agenda item 3.4)

~g!:i~ult!!r~l_M.".t.".o!:ology_P!:ogr~IlI1!'e L _ R.".PQriQf_ t1'e_p!:8.".i.c!e!!t_ofgAgM (agenda item 3.4.1)

3.4.1.1 Congress complimented the president and members of the Commissionfor Agricultural Meteorology on the progress made in the field of

52 GENERAL SUMMARY

agrometeorology, including the publication of several Technical Notes andreports. It agreed that the Commission had been very active in developinguseful techniques in agrometeorology under the efficient guidance of its pastpresident, Mr N. Gerbier (France), who died during his term of office, and itsnewly-elected president, Mr A. Kassar (Tunisia).

3.4.1. 2 Congress noted the report of the president on the work of theninth session of CAgM, held in Madrid from 17 to 28 November 1986 at the kindinvitation of the Government of Spain. Congress approved the decision of theCommission that its main theme during the next intersessional period would be"practical application of agrometeorology to demonstrate its economicimportance in agricultural production". Congress noted that five workinggroups had been formed and 19 rapporteurs appointed and requested Members togive the staff involved all possible support to complete their tasks. It wasinformed that CAgM had established a "Task Force on Historical Perspectives ofCAgM" to prepare a report on the history of CAgM. Congress approved theCommission's proposal that its terms of reference should include the subjectof "fisheries - (food aspects only)" (see agenda item 10.3). This activity isto be implemented in close co-ordination with the Commission for MarineMeteorology, by work of joint rapporteurs. Congress decided to add to AnnexIII of the General Regulations: Structure and terms of reference of TechnicalCommissions; II. Applications Commissions; Commission for AgriculturalMeteorology, the following phrase: "(g) fisheries (food aspects only)."This decision is recorded in the annex to Resolution 33 (Cg-X).

3.4.1.3 Congress reviewed the activities of the Organization in the fieldsof agricultural meteorology and of the combat against desertification duringthe ninth financial period and recorded its appreciation to theSecretary-General on the implementation of activities under the AgriculturalMeteorology Programme as approved by Ninth Congress. It stressed theusefulness of roving seminars, (which allowed staff from other disciplines tobe also involved in the application of agrometeorology), missions by experts,the organization of workshops and technical meetings, and of study tours suchas those organized upon the invitation of the USSR and China.

3.4.1.4 Congress noted that agricultural production was a very importantsector of the economy in many countries and that the application ofagrometeorological information could help to reduce risks, losses and costs,increase the quality and quantity of agricultural production, contribute tothe attainment of food self-sufficiency, and make agriculture more efficient,even in industrialized countries. Examples were given by the representativesof many countries, including India, Jordan, Pakistan, the Ukrainian SSR andUruguay. Congress endorsed the suggestion of the CAgM that the economicbenefits should be amply demonstrated and requested that examples of suchbenefits should be published and exchanged between Members. This exchangeshould also include information on how meteorological services satisfy therequests for advice, how that advice is used, and how costs can be recovered.It was observed that, as agrometeorological information increasingly helped toimprove agricultural production, national Meteorological Services would moreeasily obtain government support for their activities.

3.4.1.5 Congress noted that the ninth session of CAgM had expressedagreement with the Second· Long-term Plan on the Agricultural MeteorologyProgramme. Congress agreed that the Plan should be adopted with the inclusionof the amendments by the ninth sessions of RA VI, CAgM and by Tenth Congress

GENERAL SUMMARY 53

in the published version of the Plan.Secretary-General to take appropriate steps toLong-term Plan on Agricultural Meteorology to theof Agriculture in each country.

Congress requested thehelp Members to bring theattention of the Ministers

3.4.1.6 Several Members discussed the nature of the information thatfarmers and other agricultural users required. This may be information onprobable future meteorological and agrometeorological conditions, informationon the actual situation as determined by recent past weather, or a crop yieldforecast often determined by models. It was suggested that the CAgM shouldundertake a more precise description of the information requirements ofvarious users.

3.4.1. 7 Several Members stressed the need for specially adaptedagrometeorological services in industrialized countries. Congress noted withsatisfaction that the ninth session of CAgM had appointed a rapporteur on thissubject. Congress also noted that the subject had been included in the termsof reference of the RA VI Working Group on Agrometeorology. It requested theSecretary-General to arrange, subject to available financial resources, atechnical meeting on the subject.

3.4.1.8 Congress recognized that the application of agrometeorologicalinformation would necessitate the continued development and maintenance of anagrometeorological observing network which would furnish high quality data ina timely manner. It requested the Secretary-General to continue to helpMembers, who so demanded, to strengthen their national agrometeorologicalobserving networks.

3.4.1.9 Congress considered that, in addition to the applicationsmentioned in the Second Long-term Plan, the {()Howing t()pies could inparticular benefit from the application of agrometeorological information:water resources management; irrigated agriculture, through the determinationof water needs of crops in various crop phases and irrigation scheduling; thecombat of crop and animal pests and diseases; control of locusts and othermigratory pests; and control of losses after harvest, during storage andtransport. Congress considered that a CARS section on models and one onagrometeorological aspects of post-harvest losses should be compiled topromote the exchange of information on these economically important subjects.Congress also considered that the publication of bibliographies on these andother topics would be desirable.

inand

foodmany

3.4.1.10 Congress attached particular importance to the development,co-operation with FAO and other national or international servicesorganizations, of an early warning system on crop yields and globalshortages. This application could have a major economic importance forMembers.

3.4.1.11 Congress was pleased to note the emphasis laid by CAgM on theapplication of agrometeorological information in forest production. It notedthat CAgM had appointed a Rapporteur on Operational Applications in Forestryand it strongly supported the development of methods to reduce the damagecaused by forest fires. It urged the CAgM to promote further study to usemeteorological information to lessen the detrimental effects of acid rain,depletion of the ozone shield and of climate variability on forest production.

54 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.4.1.12 To alleviate the effect of drought and to combat desertification,Congress stressed the importance of proj ect 3.41.4 of the Second Long-termPlan. It approved the programme and budget for this project, which includesstudies on the impact of drought on food production and suggested the additionof studies on agroclimatic classification and on the analysis of the waterbalance to obtain information for an optimal cropping pattern. It supportedthe preparation of drought probability maps in each country concerned and theholding of seminars to exchange information on practical techniques relatingto the application of agrometeorological information in semi-arid anddrought-prone countries. Congress supported the efforts by WMO for thecreation of drought monitoring centres, the work of which should be closelyco-ordinated with the activities undertaken in the Agricultural MeteorologyProgramme.

3.4.1.13 Congress stressed the great importance of reliable short-, mediumand long-term forecasts in agriculture. It emphasized that the use ofcomputers in agrometeorology should be promoted and that software forapplications should be adapted for use on CLICOM systems and widelyexchanged. The delegate of France offered to make applications softwareexisting in his ·country available for such exchange. Congress noted that inseveral countries the timescale of climatological data had been changed frommonthly to weekly steps, with positive results. It recognized the value ofthe joint application by meteorological and agricultural services ofinformation contained in agroclimatic maps. Congress supported the increaseduse of remotely sensed information in agrometeorological applications.

3.4.1.14 Congress noted that pilot projects on the application ofagrometeorological information, for example in Mali and Burkina Faso, hadprovoked a positive response among farmers and given significant increases inyield, especially when applied in the context of overall agriculturaldevelopment projects. Congress encouraged Members to continue to demonstratethe economic benefits of agrometeorology in such pilot projects.

3.4.1.15 Congress supported the activities described in the programme ofthe CAgM relating to the quality of agricultural production, air and waterpollution, preservation of the environment, the conservation of naturalresources and the impact of agricultural practices on the environment, inparticular those associated with chemical pollution and erosion. It alsosupported a continuation of the work on the agrometeorology of crops of greatimportance.

3.4.1.16 Congress noted with appreciation the expression of support forco-operation by the representative of FAO. Congress reiterated itsappreciation and support for the continuation of interdisciplinaryco-operation, both internationally (with FAO, UNEP, Unesco, the institutes ofthe Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research and others) andnationally. It urged Members to create agrometeorological units in theirservices, which would work closely with the relevant agricultural authoritiesin each country. It supported the creation of multi-disciplinary workinggroups, which had already proved their efficiency· in the CILSS countries.Congress noted with interest the methods of operation of theagrometeorological advisory service in India.

3.4.1.17 Congress supported the continued co-operation between CAgM and theWorking Groups on Agricultural Meteorology of the regional associations, andalso between CAgM and the other technical commissions.

GENERAL SUMMlIRY 55

3.4.1.18 Congress expressed its firm support for the activities in theprogramme and budget relating to general and specialized training inagrometeoro1ogy. It noted that many countries, such as China, India, Israel,Peru, Spain and the USSR had undertaken major activities in this field andwere willing to continue to do so. Congress requested the Executive Councilto support such activities by providing assistance to participants under theVCP. Congress expressed its support for national training efforts inagrometeorology, especially when staff from several services, i.e.meteorological, agricultural, livestock husbandry, forestry, plant protectionand agricultural extension services, could be trained together. It supportedthe view that agrometeorological training courses should be given at nationalcentres and at RMTCs which specialized in this field. The delegate of Polandoffered to make specialists available in this subject. Congress approved thatsupport should be given, subject to availability of resources, for theattendance of experts in agrometeorology at seminars in other countries.

3.4.1.19 Congress supported very strongly the activities relating to thetransfer of knowledge and techniques in agrometeorology. This transfer couldbe effected through technical meetings, seminars, on-the-job training, andvarious publications.

3.4.1.20 Congress decided that the preparation of guidance material andmanuals on practical application and the publication of reports in all workinglanguages of the Organization was a high priority. Such manuals---should beadapted to the local situation in a province or region. Other manuals shouldbe specifically adapted for use by agronomists. It requested the Members toallow their staff to contribute to the translation of such documents.COngress requested the Secretary-General to arrange for the provision ofSecretariat support, within the limits of available resources, for rapidpreparation, publication and dissemination of such documents. lImongthesedocuments should be a manual on climate/weather and food production for widedistribution; another should deal with methods to distribute information tousers.

3.4.1.21 Congress approved the activities in agricultural meteorology asdescribed in the Second Long-term Plan 1988-1997 and the programme and budget1988-1991. To implement these programmes, Congress adopted Resolution 12(Cg-X) •

3.4.2 ~e£o~a~tic~l_M~t~o£ology_P£ogr~~elgeEo£t_of_t~e-p£e~iQe~t_ofCAeM(agenda item 3.4.2)

3.4.2.1 Congress considered and noted with appreciation the report of thepresident of the COmmission for Aeronautical Meteorology concerning thecomposition, terms of reference and activities of the Commission since NinthCongress. It expressed its satisfaction with the excellent work undertaken bythe Commission and its working groups in the ninth financial period.

3.4.2.2 The results of the eighth session of the Commission forAeronautical Meteorology, Geneva 1986, were noted by Congress. Revised termsof reference for the Commission as proposed by the Meeting of Presidents ofTechnical Commissions in Geneva in September 1986 and endorsed by theCommission at its eighth session were reviewed and approved by Congress asgiven in the annex to Resolution 33 (Cg-X).

56 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.4.2.3 The decision by the Executive Council that more support be givento the aeronautical meteorology programme in view of the developingrequirements of international air navigation for meteorological services wasendorsed by Congress. It was agreed that WMO's work in this field should befurther strengthened in order to give impetus to the further development ofthe WWW, thus contributing to maintaining the integrity of nationalMeteorological Services.

3.4.2.4 The successful implementation of the RA III regional trainingseminar on the operation of meteorological offices at airports was noted withpleasure by Congress. Congress emphasized the importance it placed onspecialized training in the field of aeronautical meteorology and stronglyurged that such regional training events should be organized as far aspossible in response to regional requirements. Congress noted withappreciation the proposal made by ICAO that WMO and ICAO should join theirefforts in the field of aeronautical meteorological training.

3.4.2.5 Congress noted with satisfaction the excellent co-operation withother bodies both inside and outside WMO. Close relations with ICAO andaviation user organizations were considered essential by Congress if theefficiency and effectiveness of aeronautical meteorological services were tobe maintained and further improved. Congress also endorsed the studies to beundertaken jointly by WMO and lCAO on the use of satellites as a possiblemeans of disseminating World Area Forecast System (WAFS) products and as anintegral part of the GTS.

3.4.2.6 The work carried out under the Aeronautical Meteorology Programmeduring the period since Ninth Congress was noted with approval by Congress.Congress recognized the close relationship between the WWW and theAeronautical Meteorology Programme, particularly the support provided to theimplementation and the further improvement of aeronautical meteorologicalservices. It endorsed an expansion of the budget allocation, proposed by theSecretary-General, for the Aeronautical Meteorology Programme on theunderstanding that in this field large benefits could be reaped fromrelatively small increases in funding. The importance of close co-operationwith ICAO and aviation user organizations in implementing the WAFS wasacknowledged by Congress.

3.4.2.7 Considerable importance was attached to the introduction of theWorld Area Forecast System (WAFS). The system is not yet fully operational inmany parts of the world and Congress recognized .that further development wasrequired before the final phase could be implemented. Congress agreed thatthe support of the World Weather Watch was essential and urged that thissupport be strengthened where necessary.

3.4.2.8 Congress was informed of recent difficulties arising in Region Iresulting from the premature discontinuance of RTT and radio facsimilebroadcasts undertaken by France. These difficulties are the more serious inthat the implementation of the WWW in the Region is inadequate. Congresstherefore considered that while awaiting an improvement in the WWW,particularly as regards specifying and installing up-to-date facilities, suchas the system for dissemination by satellite (e.g. METEOSAT MOD), it would beappropriate, on the line of transmissions from the UK, to resume and continueto use the existing conventional facilities for the dissemination of data andproducts necessary in Region I to meet, in particular, aeronautical needs.

GENERAL SUMMARY 57

3.4.2.9 The future development of the Aeronautical Meteorology Prograrrunewas considered by Congress. It agreed that the main thrusts of futureactivities should be:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

The provision of assistance and guidance to Members (e.g. in formof publications) concerning the provision of meteorologicalservices to aviation;

The initiation of specific studies aimed at improving the accuracyof forecasts particularly with respect to objective forecastingmethods;

The development of observing methods and information distributionsystems at aerodromes;

Specialized training of aeronautical meteorological personnel.

Particularinstrumentsaerodromes.

emphasisfor the

was placeddetection

onof

the necessity oflow-level windshear

developing suitableand turbulence at

3.4.2.10 Congress reviewed and endorsed the proposed activities to becarried out under the Aeronautical Meteorology Prograrrune as detailed in theSecond Long-term Plan of WMO and the proposed prograrrune and budget for1988-1991. Resolution 13 (Cg-X), which provides for the activities to beundertaken during the tenth financial period, was adopted accordingly.

3.4.2.11 Some concern was expressed about the tendency in some countries toseparate aeronautical meteorological services from the other activities ofnational Meteorological Services. It was pointed out that that could haveadverse effects on the basic components of the World Weather Watch, which alsoform the basis for aeronautical meteorology, including the WAFS. Congresstherefore urged Members to make every effort to meet operational requirementsby implementing efficient aeronautical meteorological services.

3.4.2.12 Congress noted in this connection that in some countriesaeronautical meteorological services were provided by private companies,largely on the basis of the capabilities of the WWW and WAFS. Confirmingthat, in the interest of safety and efficiency of aircraft operations, suchservices must adhere to international WMO and lCAO standards and recorrunendedpractices, Congress agreed that proper guidance should be provided to Membersconcerned to enable them to monitor the implementation of standardprocedures. Congress was advised that lCAO, through its Regional Offices, wasprepared to assist Members in this field.

3.4.3 !,!a!:i!!e_M~t~o!:olo9.y_P£o9.r~ffi!!!e.!. .!GQS§ ~ns! Qtge£ Qc~a!!-£ela!;.es!~c!;.i~i!;.i~sl _R~PQr!;. Qf_tge_P£e~is!e!!t_of~M!'! (agenda item 3.4.3)

3.4.3.1 Congress noted the development of the Marine Meteorology andAssociated Oceanographic Activities Prograrrune which was carried out on thebasis of the directives given by Ninth Congress in its Resolution 6 (Cg-IX)and in particular noted with appreciation the report of the president of CMM,Mr F. Gerard, and the chairman of the Joint IOC/WMO Working Corruni ttee forlGOSS, Dr Y. Tourre, on the work accomplished by CMM and the Joint WorkingCorrunittee for lGOSS, respectively. It adopted Resolution 14 (Cg-X) on marinemeteorology and associated oceanographic activities for the period 1988-1991.

58 GENERAL SUMMARY

agreeing that the substance of the programme should be as given in Part II ofthe Second Long-term Plan, Volume 4, Section 4.3.

3.4.3.2 Congress agreed that the provision of marine meteorologicalservices to meet the requirements of marine users was of the highest priorityand it therefore noted with satisfaction that the implementation of marinemeteorological services by Members had expanded substantially during the pastintersessional period. It further noted that that expansion had covered bothbasic services in support of safety of life and property at sea,responsibilities for which were outlined in the Manual on MarineMeteorological Services, and also the more specialized" services which werebeing increasingly required by particular user groups. It agreed that theprovision of all marine meteorological services contributed substantially tonational economies, as well as being essential for the safety of life at sea,as was recognized explicitly in the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention.Congress therefore agreed that continuing priority should be given toassisting Members in the further implementation of both basic marinemeteorological services, as specified in the Manual on Marine MeteorologicalServices, and also more specialized services in support of national interest,such as ship routeing, wave forecasts, sea-ice services, storm surge forecastsand services for coastal zones, closed water bodies and inland seas.

3.4.3.3 Congress noted that continuing developments in marinetelecommunication facilities, particularly those which were satellite-based,were capable of providing great potential benefit to Members in the collectionof marine environmental data from ships and in the dissemination of marinemeteorological information to shipping. In particular, it noted that theINMIIRSI\T maritime satellite communication system was already having asubstantial impact on the collection of ships' weather reports, at the sametime as it was likely that this system would be included in IMO regulationscovering the transmission and receipt of marine safety information (includingmeteorological forecasts and warnings) for Ships at sea.

3.4.3.4 In noting with satisfaction the actions already under way,involving close consultation between WMO, IMO and INMIIRSI\T on the future useof the INMIIRSI\T system for marine meteorological purposes, Congressnevertheless agreed with the concern expressed by Members on the likely costand other burdens which might be incurred by Members through the furtherexpansion in the use of the system. It therefore felt that theseconsultations should continue, that CMM and CBS should remain the focal pointswithin WMO for the development of new procedures and regulations concerningthe use of this system and that major efforts should be made to developappropriate cost-sharing mechanisms for the collection of ships' weatherreports via INMIIRSI\T (see also paragraph 3.1.3.6).

3.4.3.5 Congress adopted Resolution 15 (Cg-X) on the subject.

3.4.3.6 Further on the subject of marine telecommunications, Congressagreed that the retention by ITU of the definition of meteorological messageswith the prefix "OBS" and the special classification given to such messageswas essential for Members to limit the costs of collecting ships' weatherreports. It therefore urged Members, together with CMM and CBS, to make everyeffort to ensure the retention of this special classification.

GENERAL SUMMARY 59

3.4.3.7 Congress noted with satisfaction that the Marine ClimatologicalSummaries Scheme (MCSS), which had been established by Fourth Congress, wasproving of great value to Members in the provision of marine meteorologicalservices as well as contributing substantially to the World Climate Programmeand the World Climate Research Programme. It agreed, however, thatrequirements for marine climatological data, particularly with regard to dataquality and the timeliness of data delivery, were evolving rapidly andtherefore improvements might be needed in the existing scheme so that it couldfully accommodate the new requirements.

3.4.3.8preparationthe work beWCP.

Congress noted with pleasure that work was now under way for theof a Guide to applications of marine climatology and urged thatcontinued as a matter of priority, in close co-ordination with the

3.4.3.9 In considering the topic of specialized marine observing systems,Congress agreed that these were all integral parts of the overall GlobalObserving System of the World Weather Watch of WMO, which was organized andco-ordinated by CBS. As such, every effort should be made to ensure that themarine elements were indeed properly integrated and co-ordinated with theremainder of the GOS in all aspects, including quality control, to ensure theintegrity and effectiveness of the whole system. At the same time, Congressnoted that there remained certain unique aspects of the marine environment andhence of marine observing systems, which required the special attention ofCMM.

3.4.3.10 The establishment o£ the jointWMO/IOC Drifting Buoy Co-operationPanel was noted with pleasure by Congress. which agreed that the panel had avery important role to play in the co-ordination and expansion of driftingbuoy deployment and the monitoring and quality control of drifting buoy datain support of the WWW.theWCRPandothermajorWMOandIOCprogrammes.ltencouraged as many Members as possible to belong to the panel. and tocontribute actively to its work and in this regard noted the need forexpanding the exchange of drifting buoy data over the GTS for the purposes ofthe WWW and lGOSS. Congress expressed satisfaction that the recruiting of thetechnical co-ordinator for the Drifting Buoy Co-operation Panel had beencompleted and thanked those Members who were contributing to the funding ofthis important position. It also expressed its appreciation to the IOC forits efforts in managing the funds for the technical co-ordinator's position.

3.4.3.11 Congress noted and endorsed the actions taken by theSecretary-General with regard to co-operation with IOC and IMO on problemsrelated to the legal status of drifting buoys and other Ocean Data AcquisitionSystems (ODAS). In particular it supported the proposal to study first theexisting international agreements and legislation and then for the threeorganizations to agree on a general strategy for eventual consideration bytheir respective Member States in this complex and important aspect of marineobserving systems.

3.4.3.12 Congress emphasized that the rapid and accurate insertion onto theGTS of meteorological and oceanographic data from the world's oceans was ofmajor importance to all WMO programmes and that mechanisms such as theautomation of ships' observations and the use of satellite communication

60 GENERAL SUMMARY

systems would assist greatly in this regard. It therefore requested CMM andMembers to continue their efforts to expand the use of such systems. Theimportance of the long-term availability of such satellite communicationfacilities was stressed.

3.4.3.13 Congress noted with satisfaction that a WMO Wave Programme hadbeen developed by CMM and fully supported the continued active implementationof this programme. It agreed in particular with the importance of the new WMOGuide to wave analysis and forecasting, which it felt would be of great valueto all Members in the provision of the specialized wave forecast servicesincreasingly required by users. It also agreed with the importance of thework being undertaken by CMM on numerical wave modelling and of thepublication by IOC of the Users' Guide to Measured Wave Data, which was asignificant step in facilitating the further exchange of measured wave data.It noted that there was already an urgent requirement for the real-timeexchange of measured wave data for the verification of numerical wave modelsand, in the near future, direct assimilation in such models. Congress agreedon the need to continue co-operation with IOC in this field.

3.4.3.14 Congress noted with interest the plans for the introduction of anew generation of oceanographic satellites over the coming decade. It agreedthat the data from these satellites were of enormous potential value toMembers in the provision of marine meteorological and oceanographic servicesand therefore urged that studies should continue to ensure that all Memberswould be able to fully exploit these data to best advantage when they didbecome available.

3.4.3. 15 Many Members noted the growing recogni tion of the importance ofair-sea interaction studies to all aspects of WMO's activities. Such studiescovered the exchange of heat, momentum, moisture, various chemicalconstituents and solid, liquid and gaseous pollutants between the atmosphereand the ocean, as well as the development of coupled atmosphere-ocean modelsand the investigation of specific events such as the "El Nino" phenomenon.While recognizing that these studies related to a number of WMO programmessuch as the World Climate Programme and the Research and DevelopmentProgramme, as well as to the Marine Meteorology Programme, Congressnevertheless requested CMM to pay close attention to this field, particularlyas it affected operational aspects and the provision of marine meteorologicalservices. In addition, Congress noted the importance of regional activitiessuch as the integrated "El Nino" studies and agreed that WMO should expand itssupport for these activities whenever possible.

3.4.3.16 Congress noted with pleasure the success of the series of trainingseminars on marine meteorological services which had now been taking place forparticipants from developing countries since 1983. It agreed that theseseminars had been of great value in stimulating and assisting in the furtherdevelopment of marine meteorological services in these countries, and furtheragreed that related seminars should continue in the future as often aspossible in order that Members may be kept informed of the latest developmentsand techniques in this field. Congress noted with satisfaction the effortsnow being made to implement the CMM proposals to expand long-term specializededucation and training activities in marine meteorology and physical

GENERAL SUMMARY 61

oceanography, in particular through the WMO Regional Meteorological TrainingCentres. It agreed that these longer-term courseS should also include,whenever possible, training on lGOSS-related activities, undertaken inconjUnction with the IOC, to facilitate further the implementation of lGOSS indeveloping countries. Congress also felt that the possibility of making useof existing International Maritime Organization Regional Academies for suchspecialized training should be further investigated.

3.4.3.17 Congress noted with satisfaction that lGOSS had developedsignificantly over the intersessiona1 period, in close co-ordination with theWorld Weather Watch and Marine Meteorology Programme, and in this connectionnoted with appreciation the review report submitted by the chairman of theJoint IOC/WMO Working Committee for IGOSS. Congress was pleased to learn thatthe number of Members participating in IGOSS had continued to grow.

3.4.3.18 Congress noted with interest the importance which was beingattached to lGOSS by the WCRP as the appropriate mechanism for the provisionof the sub-surface thermal structure data which were essential to large-scaleocean monitoring and climate research. In expressing satisfaction that thenumbers of BATHY/TESAC reports which were distributed over the GTS continuedto grow, Congress nevertheless agreed that these numbers would have toincrease substantially if lGOSS was to provide the quantities of data requiredby the maritime users of operational oceanographic services, as well as by theWCRP. Congress therefore urged all Members to take action wherever possibleto assist in the expansion of the lGOSS observational system.

3.4.3.19 Congress considered that the requirements of marine user groupssuch as fisheries, as well as the WCRP, for operational oceanographic serviceswere of great importance. It therefore urged that efforts be continued toensure the further expansion of the IGOSS Data Processing and Services System(IDPSS) , particularly through the establishment of lGOSS SpecializedOceanographic Centres (SOC). In this regard, it noted with approval therecent establishment of the SOC for the lGOSS Thermal Structure PilotProject. Congress also urged that every effort be made to encourage theimplementation of lGOSS in developing countries, including through experts'missions, demonstrations of the economic value of lGOSS and implementationco-ordination activities, as appropriate, as well as in countries alreadysignificantly involved in oceanographic activities.

3.4.3.20 Resolution 16 (Cg-X) was adopted.

Qo=o£e~a~i~e_o£e~n_p~ogr~~e~/£rQj~c~s_wlt~~h~ !OQ ~nQ ~h~ !n~e~-~e£r~t~rla~

Qo~lt~e~ Qn_S£i~n~ifi£ frQg~a~~s_R~l~tlng ~o~c~a~ogr~p~y_(!C~Pgol

3.4.3.21 Congress noted with satisfaction that WMO's participation in theICSPRO and in co-operative projects with IOC had been very fruitful. Congressfurther noted that WMO continued to collaborate closely with otherinternational agencies concerned with international marine activities, inparticular the ICSPRO agencies (UN, Unesco, IOC, FAO, IMOl and UNEP, IHO andCPPS.

3.4.3.22 Congress noted that IOC was used by ICSPRO agencies as a commonmechanism for ocean-related activities and was therefore supported by theseagencies in terms of staffing. In this connection, WMO had seconded an

62 GENERlIL SUMMARY

officer to the IOC Secretariat, and Congress noted with satisfaction that thisofficer had worked particularly on the major joint WMO/IOC activities such aslGOSS and the Drifting Buoy Co-operation Panel, as well as on other programmesof mutual interest to WMO and IOC. Congress therefore decided to continue thesecondment of an officer to the IOC Secretariat and to contribute half thecost of employing a secretary for this officer.

3.4.3.23 In relation to the further co-operation between WMO and IOC inprojects within the framework of LEPOR, Congress noted that the originaltimetable for the updating of LEPOR, in which it had agreed to participate,had been delayed due to unforeseen circumstances. It further noted that a newtimetable for such updating called for the submission of a final version ofLEPOR-II to the United Nations General Assembly, through ECOSOC, in 1989.Congress reguested the Secretary-General to arrange for appropriate WMOparticipation in the updating of LEPOR, as necessary.

United Nations Law of the Sea---------------

3.4.3.24 Congress noted that since Ninth Congress there had been no majornew developments with regard to the Law of the Sea which might affect WMOMembers and neither had any WMO Member reported difficulties in undertakingocean activities stemming directly from the provisions of the Law of the Sea.Congress nevertheless agreed on the continuing importance of this matter anddecided therefore that Resolution 9 (Cg-IX) should be kept in force.

3.5

3.5.0

Hydrology and Water Resources Programme (agenda item 3.5)

!!YQrQIQgy ~nQ !,,!ajoeE ge§.o~r£e§. ~rQgEa!!""~,_o~eEa!lJ~v!,.e,,,;

geEoEt_of joh~ Er~sid~njo Qf_C!!y (agenda item 3.5.0)

3.5.0.1 Congress carried out an overall review of the Hydrology and WaterResources Programme (HWRP) and examined the report of the president of theCommission for Hydrology (CHy) , the activities of which comprise theOperational Hydrology Programme (OHP) and include the Hydrological OperationalMultipurpose Sub-programme (HOMS). It noted that the HWRP, composed of itsthree mutually supporting programmes, was being developed in accordance withthe priorities established by Ninth Congress, and that the second operationalphase of HOMS had been launched on the basis of the outline plan covering theperiod 1984-1991 as approved by Ninth Congress. It also noted that WMO'sefforts in the field of operational hydrology and water resources hadcontinued to be aimed at assisting Hydrological Services of Members in thetask of meeting increasing demands for the assessment, development andmanagement of water resources and protection from water-related hazards, andat promoting co-operation between countries at the regional and subregionallevels. Congress agreed that the implementation of this major scientific andtechnical programme of WMO and of HOMS in particular was proving verysuccessful, with the valuable support of the Commission for Hydrology, theworking groups on hydrology of the regional associations, and thecontributions of Members through their national Hydrological andMeteorological Services.

3.5.0.2 On the basis of the Second Long-term Plan for the HWRP and therecommendations thereon addressed to WMO by the third WMO/Unesco International

GENERAL SUMMARY 63

Conference on Hydrology and the Scientific Bases of Water Resources Management(Geneva, March 1987), Congress considered proposals concerning WMO' s futureactivities in the field of hydrology and water-resource development andmanagement. In approving the main long-term objectives of the HWRP for thedecade 1988-1997, Congress agreed that the projects within this main WMOprogramme should continue to be grouped under the same three programmes asthey were during the previous intersessional period. The discussions anddecisions of Congress on these three programmes are recorded under agendaitems 3.5.1, 3.5.2 and 3.5.3, respectively.

3.5.0.3 Several delegates referred to the value of the Long-term Plan indeveloping national activities in operational hydrology and in facilitatingco-ordination between other governmental and non-governmental organizations.The more detailed recommendations of the joint WMO/Unesco Conference wereincorporated in the revised Plan or presented as proposals for considerationin the development of the Third Long-term Plan. The Second Long-term Plan forthe HWRP was adopted as a part of the overall Plan under Resolution 25 (Cg-X).

3.5.1

3.5.1.1 Congress noted with appreciation the report of the president ofthe Commission for Hydrology on the actions taken by the Commission inimplementing Resolution 25 (Cg-IX). It noted that the main thrust of the HWRPhad continued to be through the Operational Hydrology Programme (OHP) , andthat the priority activities of the OHP and the second phase of HOMS, asapproved by Ninth Congress, were being executed by the Commission forHydrology in accordance with the plan of implementation established byCHy-VII. This included the implementation of four majorWMO projects ,whichcomprise the intercomparison of:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Hydrological instruments (second phase);

Hydrological models (third project in a series);

Operational hydrological network design techniques; and

Methods of estimating evapotranspiration.

Congress noted the summary listing of the projects already completed or beingcarried out under the OHP during the period under review, and commended theCommission for Hydrology and its president for the work accomplished. It alsorequested the Secretary-General to assist, as far as possible, in effectingthe timely completion of the tasks of the Commission before its eighthsession, scheduled for 1988.

3.5.1.2 With regard to the seventh session of the Commission for Hydrology(Geneva, August/September 1984), Congress noted with interest the innovationby which all materials submitted by the Secretary-General to the session hadbeen consolidated into one single document. It was also particularly pleasedto note that the Commission, addressing Ninth Congress's "zero growth"principle, had established only three subject-oriented working groups, andthat as an innovative measure the Commission had entrusted some of itsAdvisory Working Group members with specific functional duties.

3.5.1.3 Congress noted with satisfaction the efforts made by the presidentof CHy for closer contact with, and more active participation of all members

64 GENERAL SUMMARY

of CRy in the work of the Conunission. It welcomed the president's endeavourin establishing a network of associate rapporteurs, comprising at presentabout 80 experts in specific technical fields from the various WMO Regions.

3.5.1.4 The proposals made by CRy-VII for amendments and additions to theTechnical Regulations, Volume III - Hydrology, were considered and approved byCongress under agenda item 2.2. Congress also noted that, under the authoritydelegated to it by Ninth Congress, the Executive Council had approved proposedamendments and additions, consisting mainly of two sections based on six ISOStandards, for inclusion in the annex to Volume III of the TechnicalRegulations. In this context Congress further reconunended that CHy shouldconsider the inclusion in the Technical Regulations of relevant material onfunctions and responsibilities of national Hydrological Services.

3.5.1. 5 Congress welcomed the. decision of CHy to transform the updatedstatistical information on activities of WMO Members in operational hydrology,collected by the WMO Secretariat and contained in the past in an OperationalHydrology report, into a dynamic, computer-based information service. Itagreed that this service, called "Hydrological Information Referral Service INFOHYDRO", would greatly facilitate prompt dissemination of continuouslyupdated information on national and regional hydrological agencies, networksand data banks to Members, particularly for the benefit of their experts andagencies engaged in water-resource projects. Congress reconunended that theinformation be regularly updated by Members and called, in particular, forinputs from those Members who had not as yet provided such information.

3.5.1.6 Congress noted that 95 Members had established HOMS NationalReference Centres (HNRCs) and it welcomed the high level of co-operation asestablished between HNRCs, the working groups and rapporteurs of theCommission for Hydrology and the regional associations, the WMO Secretariatand WMO-executed technical field projects in hydrology. This co-operation hadfacilitated the intensification of technology transfer at a higher level ofintegration, as proved by the increased number of sequences described in theHOMS Reference Manual (HRM) and the total number of requests having reachednearly 1 200. Congress was pleased to note that training in the understandingand application of the technology included in HOMS had been actively supportedby HNRCs and made possible by financial resources obtained from UNDP and VCPand expressed the hope that this support would continue in the future. Thehigh level of external financing generated by HOMS could be seen as proof thattechnical co-operation donors also saw HOMS as an efficient means offacilitating the application of hydrology to the water resource developmentand management activi ties of Members. Congress requested theSecretary-General to support- within resources available, efforts by Membersto provide training related to HOMS components and sequences earmarked forpractical application. It also suggested that HNRCs should strengthen theirlinks with relevant institutions in their respective countries so as toenhance technological co-operation and related training. These decisions werealso incorporated in Resolution 17 (Cg-Xl.

3.5.1.7 Congress noted that HOMS was serving the needs of developingcountries but observed that some developing countries had difficulty in takingfull advantage of HOMS because of a lack of qualified staff and adequatefacilities. It was agreed that training of senior technical staff was still apriority. It requested the Secretary-General to continue his efforts toobtain support from extra-budgetary sources for the development andapplication of HOMS with particular regard to the less developed countries.

GENERAL SUMMARY 65

Congress also called on CRy to make maximum use of the expertise of itsmembers in the further implementation of HOMS.

3.5.1.8 Congress considered the proposal for a change in the name of HOMSwhich stemmed from the fact that HOMS had now progressed satisfactorily to anoperational phase. While there was considerable support for the proposal thatthe term "Sub-programme" should be replaced by the term "System". otherdelegations considered that this needed additional technical consideration.Congress therefore requested CHy to consider this matter at its eighth sessionand make appropriate proposals to Cg-XI.

3.5.1.9 On the basis of Recommendation 1 (CHy-VII) and Resolution 12lEe-XXXVII). Congress considered the inclusion of the substance of Resolution48 ICg-IX) • relating to the designation and duties of the RegionalHydrological Adviser. in the. General Regulations of WMO. Its decisions arerecorded under agenda item 10.3.

3.5.1.10 Congress noted the good co-operation of CHy with the regionalassociations and their working groups and rapporteurs responsible for theimplementation of the OHP at the regional level. To strengthen further thisinteraction. Congress endorsed the recommendation of the president of CHy thatMembers promote the establishment of links at national level between CHymembers and their national colleagues who are members of the regional workingbodies. Congress also agreed that CRy should continue. as in the past. toprovide methodological advice to the appropriate bodies of the regionalassociations. It further agreed that the working groups on hydrology of theregional associations should continue implementing those parts of the OHPwhich were of particular relevance to the problems of their Regions. Notingthat all chairmen of these groups had also been appointed as RegionalHydrological Advisers to the presidents of the regional associations. Congressagreed that co-ordination meetings could continue to be held between thepresident of CRy and these advisers. taking advantage of their attendance atsessions of the Executive Council. so as to exchange experience on and furtherco-ordinate activities at regional and global levels.

3.5.1.11 Congress agreed that relevant technical reports produced by theregional working groups on hydrology. which were of more than just regionalinterest and were approved by their respective associations. be published orreproduced and circulated as technical documents of WMO.

3.5.1.12 Congress noted with interest the information on WMO's trainingactivities in the field of hydrology and water resources and expressed itssatisfaction that. in pursuance of Resolution 25 ICg-IX). support for trainingpurposes had been received from various extra-budgetary sources. notably UNDP.VCP. EDF. OPEC Fund and bilateral assistance. It agreed that WMO shouldcontinue to provide assistance in support of training events for Members inthe fields of hydrology and water resources.

3.5.1.13 Congress agreed that technical support should continue to beprovided. as required. for the implementation of technical assistance projectsin the fields of hydrology and water resources. In this context Congressrecognized that direct assistance and support to national Services dealingwith operational hydrology was augmented by the transfer of appropriatetechnology under HOMS through the HNRCs. and that this provided an excellentscope for technical co-operation among developing countries ITCDC) inoperational hydrology.

66 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.5.1.14 Congress reviewed the specific objectives and plans for the period1988-1997 under the Operational Hydrology Programme as contained in the SecondLong-term Plan, Volume 5, Section 5.1. It noted that these took account ofthe current stage of development of the OHP and were based on actualrequirements expressed by Members. Congress agreed that in future projects ofthe OHP, major emphasis be put on water quality aspects of both surface andgroundwater. It further agreed that in the development of the Third Long-termPlan consideration be given to including in the OHP projects on:

(a) The development of improvedhydrological equipment;

cost-effective and reliable

(b)

(c)

(d)

The creation of standard data sets to permit the systematicintercomparison of hydrological models;

The modelling of the transport to water bodies of chemicals andbiochemicals; and

The compilation of information on meteorological and climatological programmes of relevance to water-resources activities.

Members have started to identify additional topics for consideration in theThird WMO Long-term Plan, especially hydrological studies and analyses forplanning and design of water-resource projects and for reservoir operations.

3.5.1.15 Congress considered all the projects proposed for implementationunder the Operational Hydrology Programme during the next financial period.It noted that these did not represent any major departure from theOrganization's past activities in this field. The OHP was seen as having anoverall continuity, with emphasis during the next intersessional period on newoperational technologies and on the provision of more specific guidance on thetechnology that is available for operational use, particularly throughtechnical co-operation among developing countries (TCDC) • It finallyrequested Members to continue providing full support for the implementation ofthe OHP and the second phase of HOMS. It recorded its relevant decisions inResolution 17 (Cg-X).

3.5.2

3.5.2.1 Congress noted the importance for national socio-economicdevelopment of the adequate assessment and rational management of countries'water resources. It was recognized that the collection of hydrological datawas not an end in itself; it was their application that yielded their truevalue. Where such applications involved the consideration of meteorologicalor climatic factors, international co-ordination lay within the responsibilityof WMO, and Congress therefore welcomed the progress that had been made in theimplementation of activities under the Programme on Applications and Servicesto Water Resources.

3.5.2.2 Recent findings in climate research, most notably as reported atthe Villach Conference (discussed also under agenda item 3.2.4) gave a newsense of purpose and urgency to studies of the link between climate and waterresources in view of the sensitivity of these resources to climatevariability. The Commission for Hydrology and other bodies were seen as

GENERAL SUMMARY 67

having made valuable inputs to water-related activities under the WorldClimate Programme, these being grouped for convenience under the headingWCP-Water. Congress called for this inter-programme support to be continuedand, where appropriate, strengthened.

3.5.2.3 The Commission for Hydrology and other bodies also continued tomake valuable contributions to hydrological activities under the TropicalCyclone Programme. Congress welcomed the steady expansion of these activitiestowards a coverage of all areas of the world where damage and loss of life wascaused by floods resulting from tropical cyclones. Congress called for closeco-ordination of these activities in all regions to be maintained so as toensure their maximum value for the Members concerned.

3.5.2.4 The impact of man's activities on the natural environment wereseen as being a recurrent. cause for concern. New dangers, frequentlyinvolving the aquatic environment of lakes, rivers and groundwater, had beenidentified by many experts and scientific bodies, and Congress expressed itsstrong support for all efforts to find solutions. The latter called forinternational and interdisciplinary efforts, and Congress saw the need forflexibility in WMO's activities in this field so as to permit the Organizationto make as great a contribution as it could to the efforts required.

3.5.2.5 In conjunction with the above, Congress considered Part II of theSecond Long-term Plan, Section 5.2. It incorporated its decisions on theProgramme on Applications and Services to Water Resources under this agendaitem in Resolution 17 (Cg-X).

3.5.3 go=opeEaiiQn_wit~ ~aieE-Eelaie~ prQgEa~~s_of other inieEn~tio~al

0Eg~niz~tio~s (agenda item 3.5.3)

3.5.3.1 Following on from discussions under the previous agenda item,Congress saw the need for an interdisciplinary and hence interagency approachto the solution of many water-related problems. It therefore endorsed WMO' scollaboration with intergovernmental agencies, including the exchange oflong-term planning documents, through the machinery of the United Nationssystem, and also with various widely-recognized governmental andnon-governmental international organizations and with international riverbasin commissions.

3.5.3.2 The continued contribution of the Organization to theimplementation of the Mar del Plata Plan of Action was seen as being ofconsiderable importance. The serious problems that had arisen in recent timesin various parts of the world called for a co-ordinated approach by allinternational agencies. The most evident were the extreme hardships beingfaced by many countries in Africa. The cause was often the lack of a reliablesupply of water, and the solution to the problem frequently depended on theidentification and development of adequate water resources. Congresstherefore welcomed and endorsed WMO' s continued efforts to contribute tointeragency projects designed to alleviate such problems.

3.5.3.3 Congress was pleased to note the co-operation between WMO andUnesco in many projects, most notably those ar1s1ng from their jointresponsibility within the UN system for water-resource assessment. It alsonoted the support given to the International Hydrological Programme (IHP) ofUnesco. Congress welcomed the convening of the Third Joint Unesco/WMOInternational Conference on Hydrology .and Scientific Bases of Water Resources

68 GENERAL SUMMARY

Management (Geneva, March 1987), and considered the recommendations addressedto WMO by the conference. It welcomed the support given jointly by WMO andUnesco to the activities of the International Association of HydrologicalSciences (lAMS) and in particular to the awarding of the InternationalHydrology Prize established by lAMS. It agreed that WMO should continue toprovide such support. It took account of these recommendations in review ofplans for the future activities of the Organization in the field of hydrologyand water resources. Congress acknowledged the importance of the WMOprograimnes in hydrology and water resources to the forthcoming InternationalGeosphere-Biosphere Programme of ICSU. Congress also considered Part II ofthe Second Long-term Plan, Section 5.3 and called, in particular, forcontinued collaboration with Unesco on topics of common interest.

3.5.3.4 Co-operation with other international organizations inwater-related activities was seen by Congress as avoiding duplication andpermitting a more rational use of the funds allocated by each of theorganizations to activities requested by Members. Congress therefore approvedthe continuation of work under the Programme on Co-operation with Waterrelated Programmes of Other International Organizations, incorporating itsdecisions on this agenda item in Resolution 17 (Cg-X).

3.6

3.6.0

Education and Training Programme (agenda item 3.6)

~d~c~tio~ ~n3 !r~i~i~g_PEogr~~eLQv~r~ll review(agenda item 3.6.0)

3.6.0.1 Congress reviewed the activities of the Organization in the fieldof education and 'training during the ninth financial period, and appreciatedthe progress achieved and assistance provided to Members in developing theirmanpower resources. It agreed that the Education and Training Programmeshould continue to be given a high priority by the Organization and that,during the tenth financial period, the Organization should continue to assistnational Meteorological and Hydrological Services in ensuring that they havethe required well-trained personnel to adapt to new scientific capabilitiesand new technologies.

3.6.0.2 In appreciating the assistance given to this programme in general,and to Members in particular, under UNDP, VCP, funds-in-trust and othermultilateral and bilateral schemes, Congress expressed the hope that suchassistance would continue to be provided to the Organization's education andtraining activities.

3.6.0.3 In reviewing the text on the WMO Education and Training Programmein Part II, Volume 6 of the draft Second WMO Long-term Plan, Congress stressedthe importance of the various projects, in particular those geared towardsmanpower development in national Meteorological and Hydrological Services.Amendments were made to strengthen the objectives of the two projects dealingrespectively with manpower development and Regional Meteorological TrainingCentres. '

3.6.0.4 Congress appreciated the excellent work carried out by the ECPanel of Experts on Education and Training which served as an advisory body onvarious aspects of technical and scientific education and training inmeteorology and operational hydrology. Congress considered the continuationof the panel during the tenth financial period with an appropriate coremembership to be of great importance.

GENERAL SUMMARY 69

3.6.0.5 Congress adopted the WMO Education and Training Programme as partof the Second Long-term Plan through its Resolution 25 (Cg-Xl. Congress alsoadopted Resolution 18 (Cg-Xl - Education and Training Programme.

3.6.1

3.6.1.2analysispurposes.

3.6.1.1 Congress noted with appreciation the outcome of the world-widesurvey of Members' training requirements undertaken by the Secretary-Generalduring 1985 and 1986. Although recognizing the need for carefulinterpretation of the survey results in view of the less than total responsefrom all Members, Congress noted the planned increases of trained personnel ofvarious categories by many Members during the tenth financial period, as wellas the indications of regional training requirements and capabilities invarious fields of meteorology and operational hydrology. In this connection,Congress felt that there was a need for the intensification of co-operationand co-ordination of education and training activities in various Regions tobetter meet the expressed requirements and to use· available capabilitieseffectively.

Congress agreed that the full information resulting from theof the data supplied by Members was valuable especially for planning

It accordingly agreed that the information should be utilized by:

(al The Secretariat when planning the various education and trainingactivities and fellowship training;

(bl The Members themselves when planning theirprogrammes, so as to enable the most effectiveutilization of national and all external resourcesfor the training.

own trainingand efficient

and facilities

3.6.1.3 In endorsing the views of the Executive Council regarding the needfor another survey during the tenth financial period, Congress noted that itwould be useful for the Secretariat, when preparing the survey, to concentrateon the evolution of the training needs of Members as that was a pertinentfactor when planning the utilization of training resources especially when theneeds could not be met within the country. It also noted that the value ofinformation resulting from such a survey depended to a large extent on thecompleteness of the general coverage. Congress strongly urged Members torespond fully to the questionnaires when similar surveys were undertaken inthe future.

3.6.1.4 Congress further agreed that apart from the traditional educationand training activities and fellowship training, the Organization shouldprovide assistance to Members in connection with their activities on trainingfor national manpower development.

3.6.2

3.6.2.1 Congress noted the list of training publications prepared andtranslated by the Organization as well as those currently under preparation.Those publications, which included syllabi and lecture notes in variousfields, were being used extensively in national and regional training centres.

70 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.6.2.2 Congress agreed that the activities on the preparation,translation and publication of the training materials should be continuedduring the tenth financial period. In view of their increasing usefulness,particular importance was placed on the need for periodic updating of the WMOpublications No. 240, Compendium of Training Facilities for Meteorology andOperational Hydrology, and No. 258, Guidelines for the Education and Trainingof Personnel in Meteorology and Operational Hydrology. At the same time,taking into account the high costs of preparing and translating good qualitytraining materials, Congress expressed the hope that the continued assistanceof Members in these activities would substantially complement the budgetaryallocations for the purpose.

3.6.2.3 Congress noted that the WMO Training Library continued to serve asa source for the provision of advice and assistance to Members on variouseducation and training matters including the provision of training materialsand the loan of instructional films.

3.6.2.4 Congress considered that the Training Library should continue tobe enlarged and its support to RMTCs and services to Members further promotedduring the tenth financial period through the loan or provision of trainingfilms, slides and transparencies. Congress also considered that emphasisshould be placed on new technology including audiovisual training aids and onthe training techniques of Computer Assisted Learning. In addition, Congressagreed that the Secretariat should function as an exchange forum foraudio-visual and computer software materials, and also arrange for thepreparation of a correspondence course to be provided to RMTCs as ademonstration project and a model, bearing in mind the existence of relevantmaterials including a correspondence course in Spanish which Argentinarecently donated to the Training Library.

3.6.2.5 Congress noted with satisfaction that since Ninth Congress a newRMTC for RA II had been designated in India and that agreements had beensigned between WMO and Angola, Brazil, Italy and Madagascar, respectively,concerning the recognition of RMTCs in those countries. It further noted thatthe centres had continued, in general, to contribute significantly to thetraining of meteorological and operational hydrological personnel in thedeveloping countries.

3.6.2.6 Congress was also pleased to note that many centres had developedduring the past four years in a number of areas, including buildingfacilities, research activities, staff development and an increase in thenumber of Courses and programmes or the introduction of new ones. At the sametime, some RMTCs continued to experience problems which were of the typebrought about by lack of financial resources. In this connection, Congressbelieved that efforts should continue to be made by.WMO Members hosting RMTCsas well as other Members in the respective Regions to assist the centres tosolve their problems, making use of resources under UNDP, VCP, WMO RegularBudget, multilateral and bilateral schemes as well as any other internal andexternal sources of assistance. At the same time, Congress emphasized that indeveloping their training programmes, RMTCs should take into account regionaltraining requirements, and expressed the hope that centres would bestrengthened, particularly in their capabilities to provide training in

GENERAL SUMMARY 71

specialized subject areas for which national training facilities do not existin the Region.

3.6.2.7 Congress considered the information on the results of theexamination of the budgetary and organizational implications of the proposalregarding the establishment of WHO regional training institutes (WRTIs). Itendorsed the view of the Executive Council that the training functions of theproposed WRTIs were already being executed within the global network of RMTCsand that the establishment of such institutes was not appropriate at present.

3.6.2.8 Congress noted with satisfaction that significant progress hadbeen achieved in the development of national meteorological traininginstitutions in a number of Member countries and that they had played, and hadoffered to continue to play, a valuable role in the provision of training invarious fields of Meteorology and Operational Hydrology not only to nationalbut also to foreign personnel. In noting from the results of the survey ofMembers' training requirements that increased numbers of personnel could betrained, subject to the availability of external assistance, Congressrequested the Secretary-General to provide as much assistance as possible.

Ir~igigg_oi ~r~ige£s_agd_igs~r~c~o£s_agd_t£ainingof QP~r~tio~al Ee£sQn~el in~p~cial ~uQj~c~ ~r~a~

3.6.2.9 Congress agreed that the development of cadres of instructors innational meteorological training institutions and WHO RMTCs was bothcost-effective and necessary to the efforts of Members in providing highquality training and attaining self-reliance in the training of theirmeteorological and operational hydrological personnel. Congress noted inparticular that the training of trainers promoted uniformity in teachingmethods and agreed that more emphasis should be placed on the training of suchpersonnel in the subject of teaching methods and techniques. It also agreedthat there continued to be the necessity to cater for training needs insubject areas not covered by projects that were directly linked with othertechnical and scientific programmes of the Organization. In noting thebenefits which were reaped by instructors from previous training seminars andcourses, Congress decided that WHO should continue to arrange for suchtraining.

3.6.2.10 Congress noted the value of preparing users and the general publicfor the proper utilization of meteorological information and services andagreed that during the tenth financial period national Meteorological andHydrological Services should be encouraged in their efforts to promote thisactivity.

3.6.3

3.6.3.1 Congress noted that fellowship requests for training in the morespecialized fields continued to increase and that requests for assistance werealso received in connection with study tours for training in the management ofmeteorological services. Congress also noted that the traditional financialresources such as liNDP, funds-in-trust, VCP and the VCP (PI were insufficient

72 GENERAL SUMMARY

to meet all the needs of the developing countries, as indicated through themanpower survey carried out. It requested the Secretary-General and Membersto explore new sources of financial support including opportunities presentedthrough regional and sub-regional groupings.

3.6.3.2 In order to make maximum use of available financial resources,Congress requested Members to take into account the cost factors related tofellowship requests with regard to type, duration and venue of training. Asfar as possible, basic training should be carried out in the Member countryitself. Basic training not available in the country, and specializedtraining, could be undertaken at RMTCs or at national training centres inother countries. Noting that similar training requirements existed in morethan one country, Congress urged that group training events should beorganized to meet common needs.

~elI2w~hip~ ~Qe~ ih~ ~nit~d_N~tio~s_D~v~12P~e~t_P~ogr~~eLfu~d~-in=t~u~tL

~nQ ::!:e,,-h~ic::.al Qo=0I2e~aii2n_a~0~g_D~v~12pingQo!,!nYie~ iTQIlQl

3.6.3.3 Noting the requests of Members for training and that there hadbeen no major increase in the number of fellowships available under UNDPprojects, Congress reiterated its request to Members to exert more efforts toobtain financial assistance through the UNDP and increase the fellowshipcomponents in the UNDP country and inter-country projects and through TCDC.It also expressed the hope that more Members from the developing countrieswould explore the possibility of meeting their training requirements throughfellowships under funds-in-trust and TCDC arrangements.

3.6.3.4 Congress noted with appreciation the contribution of Members totraining through the VCP. However, requests for VCP fellowships far exceededthe offers of fellowships from donor countries. Congress again appealed tothose Members who had not already contributed fellowships under the VCP to doso. It also expressed the desire that other donor Members consider theopportunity of providing VCP fellowships tenable at training institutions inthe candidate's own Region if so requested. Congress also emphasized thatMember countries should take full advantage of fellowship offers, whenavailable, by presenting qualified candidates.

3.6.3.5 In view of the large number of requests for VCP long-term andshort-term fellowships, Congress supported the. decision of EC-XXXVI toconsider as lapsed those VCP fellowship candidatures which had not beensatisfied within two years for short-term fellowships and three years for.long-term fellowships. In addition, in case of multiple requests, Membercountries should list their candidates in order of priority.

3.6.3.6 The availability of long-term and short-term fellowships under theregular budget continued to serve a very useful purpose as it assisted Membersin cases where no other sources of financing were available. Recognizing thisvaluable source of assistance, Congress decided to continue the provision offellowship funds during the tenth financial period, including a separateallocation for refugee fellowships.

GENERAL SUMMARY 73

3.6.3.7 Congress noted the various means through which the monitoring andevaluation of fellowship activities were carried out during the ninthfinancial period. Congress decided that this monitoring should continuethrough the tenth financial period through such means as, for example, theEC Panel of Experts on Education and Training and through the co-ordinationwith UN agencies on fellowship matters.

3.6.4 ~uEP2ri io_t£aining ~v~nis_u~d~r_oih~r_P£ogr~~e~(agenda item 3.6.4)

3.6.4.1 Congress noted that during the ninth financial period severaltraining courses, seminars and workshops had been successfully organized in anumber of fields related to other WMO major programmes. Those events were ingeneral geared towards the effective transfer of knowledge and provenmethodologies between Members and, in particular, to operational personnel indeveloping countries. In stressing the need to continue efforts to narrow thetechnological gap between the developed and developing countries, Congressagreed that during the tenth financial period activities on the organizationof such events should be continued, and requested the Executive Council toexamine ways and means of funding training seminars and workshops which hadbeen identified by the regional associations but which had not been providedfor in the programme and budget. Congress also noted that the development ofall Members' training efforts could be enhanced if training institutions inthe more meteorologically-developed countries improved their·· standards throughexchanges of information, experience and techniques. It urged the Membersconcerned to take the initiative and to work with the Secretary-General toensure that the benefits were passed on to all Members.

3.6.4.2 Congress also noted with appreciation the efforts ·of many Members,international agencies and institutions in the organization or sponsorship oftraining events. It accordingly urged Members to continue with suchactivities and support, in particular through the hosting of training eventsand through the provision of support for lecturers and participants attendingthe events •

.Regional Programme (agenda item 3.7)

3.7.1 gegi2n~1_a~tivitie~;_r~P2ris_ofEr~sid~nis_of£egiQn~l

~s~o~i~tions (agenda item 3.7.1)

Reports of presidents of regional associations

3.7.1.1 Congress noted with appreciation the reports of presidents ofregional associations. The reports provided an overall review and assessmentof the major activities of regional associations including the level ofimplementation of WMO programmes in the Regions since Ninth Congress. Thesereports also highlighted areas which required action by Congress, particularlythe support needed to implement the work programme of. regional associationsduring the tenth financial period. Congress recognized the important roleplayed by regional associations and their presidents in the implementation ofthe various scientific and technical programmes of WMO. In this context.Congress commended the presidents of regional associations for undertakingmissions which served to create awareness of the important contributions ofmeteorology in national socio-economic development, among the planners anddecision-makers in the countries visited.

74 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.7.1.2 Congress noted the need of certain Members for technicalassistance on an urgent basis. Congress, therefore, invited the ExecutiveCouncil to consider means of providing greater flexibility to theSecretary-General to enable him to intervene at the opportune time foroffering assistance to Members particularly when the improvements anticipatedwould have a regional impact. Congress also requested the Executive Councilto review the problem thoroughly and explore the possibility of providing suchtechnical assistance out of the regular budget of WMO and from traditional orother extra-budgetary resources, even at a modest level, for emergencypurposes (see also paragraph 4.1.4).

3.7.1.3 Congress recognized the advantages of holding sessions of regionalassociations wi thin the respective Regions. It noted, however, that due tothe high costs that had to be borne by the host country, offers for hostingsessions were not always forthcoming. Congress, therefore, urged that stepsbe taken to reduce the cost to be borne by host countries (see also paragraphs5.1.1 and 8.21).

3.7.1.4 Congress recognized that there was a growing need in ,the Regionsfor holding additional training events and meetings commensurate with theincrease in technical and scientific activities. Congress requested theExecutive Council and the Secretary-General to review, as appropriate, thepossibility of meeting those requests on a priority basis within the overallbudget ceiling in consultation with the presidents of the regionalassociations.

3.7.1.5 Congress recognized the contribution made by regional associationsto the development of the WMO Long-term Plan and requested theSecretary-General to undertake ,the necessary measures for sessions of regionalassociations to be held well before the Executive Council just prior toCongress in order to ensure a better consideration of their respectivecontributions to the Long-term Plan.

3.7.1.6 The low priority assigned to Meteorological Services by governmentauthorities in some developing countries continued to be a major concern inthe further development of their services. Congress agreed that Membersshould take appropriate action to solve the problem.' For instance, Memberscould focus their efforts on high impact areas with social and economicimplications such as tropical cyclone forecasting, seasonal forecasting,agrometeorology including drought and desertification and water resourcemanagement. Members should also evolve methods to supply meteorological andclimatological products to meet the special needs of the user communities.

3.7.1. 7 To a large extent, some areas, such as in Region V, comprise smallislands in vast ocean expanses. Their observational data are, therefore, veryimportant. Congress noted that Meteorological Services in such areas had ahigh dependence on space-based systems for the exchange of meteorologicalinformation. It was also noted that several non-Member States in theSouth-Pacific contributed significantly to the observational network.Congress requested the Secretary-General to explore the possibility ofensuring that the small island States continued to participate effectively inthe activities of the Region and that they benefited from the availability ofimproved weather forecasts and tropical cyclone warnings.

3.7.1.8 The need in the Regions for specialized centres capable ofutilizing new technologies and preparing high quality forecast products for

GENERAL SUMMARY 75

groups of countries which have similar user interests was also recognized andfully supported by Congress. In this regard, Congress emphasized theimportance of free distribution of products from these centres on an equitablebasis among all interested Members in accordance with established WMO rulesand procedures. Congress stressed the importance of the establishment ofcentres in the Regions such as the African Centre of MeteorologicalApplications for Development (ACMAD) in RA I, the Latin America and CaribbeanCentre for Atmospheric Services (LACCAS) in RA III/IV, the proposed NadiRegional Specialized Meteorological Centre and the proposed RegionalSpecialized Meteorological Centre for the ASEAN (Association of South-EastAsian Nations) group of countries in RA II/RA V.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

ACMAD - The Conference of Ministers of Economic Planning andDevelopment of the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) hadadopted at its thirteenth meeting (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2327 April 1987) a resolution locating the African Centre ofMeteorological Applications for Development (ACMAD) in Niamey,Niger. The Executive Secretary of ECA and the Secretary-Generalof WMO were requested to undertake all necessary measures so thatthe centre might become operational as soon as possible. In thisrespect, Congress requested the Executive Council and theSecretary-General to consider making special efforts to facilitatethe early implementation of the said resolution in collaborationwith the Executive Secretary of the ECA.

. LACCAS ~ The establishment of the Latin America and CaribbeanCentre for Atmospheric Sciences called for a study of its costbenefit so that sufficient background information for long-termplanning purposes might be obtained. The Secretary-General wasrequested to assist in the realization of this study.

ASEAN Centre - The ASEAN Centre was conceived to provide improvedweather forecasts and special products tailored to therequirements of users in the ASEAN group of countries. Afeasibility study for the establishment of the centre wascompleted and a planning meeting would be held to pursue furtherthe matter:

Nadi Centre - The Nadi Centre, as conceived, would be responsiblefor providing specialized products connected with tropicalcyclones and tropical cyclone warnings in accordance with regionalagreements for the benefit of countries in the South-Pacific. Theproducts of the centre would also be available to other interestedcountries.

3.7.1.9 Congress agreed that the improvement of telecommunications and theoperation of GTS needed urgent attention in most Regions. Even theenhancement of the transmission speeds over some of the existingtelecommunication channels would vastly help a number of Members to havebetter access to most of the products available on the GTS. There was also aneed for priority to be assigned to the improvement, establishment orre-structuring of links that were already included in the GTS plan. Congressalso laid emphasis on the need for developing an effective method for regionalexchange of meteorological and other relevant data and information urgentlyneeded in the event of major accidents resulting from transboundary release ofhazardous material.

76 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.7.1.10 In some Regions there is an enormous diversity in the economicstatus and level of development of Meteorological Services of Membercountries. In consequence it may not be always possible to identifypriorities common to all. Congress, therefore, felt that there was a need totake into consideration both the regional and national priorities in theimplementation of the Second Long-term Plan.

3.7.1.11 During the ninth financial period, several studies and surveyswere carried out and new strategies developed to solve the problems of theRegions. One such study under development is QWSE-Africa which is beingdesigned to identify, amongst others, a mix of technologies that would beappropriate to the Region relating to observation, collection, processing andexchange of meteorological data. In this respect. Congress requested theExecutive Council and the Secretary-General to assist in the implementation ofOWSE-A and promote the full realization of the study. Congress also notedwith satisfaction the support being offered to the various regional activitiesby several Members and recommended the use of a ,more co-ordinated approach toensure optimal impact from the limited resources available.

3.7.1.12 The various other matters raised in the reports of presidents ofregional associations were considered under the relevant agenda items.

3.7.1.13 Congress reviewed the activities of the Regional Offices duringthe ninth financial period. It expressed its appreciation for their supportin assisting Members to identify and resolve national as well as regionalproblems relating to meteorology and operational hydrology. Congress wasgratified to learn that Regional Offices were establishing themselves as focalpoints for regional activities. Congress requested the Secretary-General tocontinue the review of the functions and responsibilities of the RegionalOffices and enhance in a step-wise manner the capabilities of these offices toensure increased support to Members. In this connection, Congress noted withsatisfaction the addition of one P-staff in each of the Regional Offices forAfrica and the Americas.

3.7.1.14 As regards the locations of the Regional Offices, Congress agreedthat the Regional Offices for Africa and the Americas should continue in theirpresent locations unless there was an expressed desire requiring furtherconsideration of the matter. Congress expressed its deep appreciation to thegovernments of Burundi and Paraguay for having hosted the offices during theninth financial period. Congress further requested the Secretary-General toundertake the necessary consultations with the Government of Burundi withregard to its hosting the Regional Office' for Africa on a permanent basis.Congress noted the wish of the Government of Paraguay to host the RegionalOffice for the Americas on a permanent basis. As for the Regional Office forAsia and the South-West Pacific, Congress agreed that it should continue to belocated in the WMO Headquarters in Geneva and that its future location bedecided on the basis of the recommendations of the forthcoming sessions ofRegional Associations II and V.

3.7.2

3.7.2.1 Congress noted with appreciation the work of the Executive Councilthrough its Working Group on Antarctic Meteorology to co-ordinate themeteorological programmes in the Antarctic. It considered that the

GENERAL SUMMARY 77

arrangements were. in general. satisfactory and agreed that at least oneregular session of the EC Working Group on Antarctic Meteorology should beheld in the next financial period. In this connection. a view was expressedthat the EC Working Group on Antarctic Meteorology should meet twice duringthe financial period in order to facilitate provision of input to theAntarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings which met every two years. Nevertheless. Congress was in agreement that financial provision for one regularsession of the working group. together with two related basic activitymeetings. with sufficient flexibility. would meet the requirement.

3.7.2.2 Congress noted that the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research(SCAR) of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) had dissolvedits Working Group on Meteorology since its Nineteenth Meeting in June 1986.Congress therefore agreed that the work of the EC Working Group on AntarcticMeteorology should be continued and expanded. as appropriate. to include allrelevant studies covered by the former SCAR working group.

3.7.2.3 When discussing the WWW Implementation Programme. Congressreconfirmed the need for the establishment of (a) Meteorological Centre(s)providing processed products for the Antarctic. Diverging views wereexpressed with regard to the location of such Centre(s) in or outside theAntarctic. Congress noted that no specific decision on the matter wasrequired at the time but agreed that the development of the concept of theCentre(s) proceed in accordance with the \>/MO Second Long-term Plan. Specialemphasis was also given to the value of observational data from the Antarcticfor operational meteorology as well as for research purposes.

3.7.2.4 Congress was informed of various scientific studies whicheither carried out or planned by Members in the Antarctic Continent.noted with appreciation the continuity and increase of the activities infield.

wereIt

this

3.7.2.5 The importance of studies on the depletion of the ozone layer overthe Antarctic was emphasized. Congress expressed the view that thatphenomenon needed to be monitored on a continuous basis. urged Members toincrease efforts on the matter and requested that such activities beco-ordinated as appropriate with other \>/MO programmes such as the WorldClimate Programme (WCP) and World Climate Research Programme (WCRP).

3.7.2.6 Wi th regard to Antarctic research programmes. Congress noted alsoa suggestion that the study of hydrological aspects. such as the rise of lakewater levels and the quality of water in the Antarctic region. might meritfurther attention and invited Members to include it in their programmes asappropriate.

3.7.2.7 In view of the importance of meteorology for the various ongoingactivities in the Antarctic. Congress held the view that \>/MO should berepresented at Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings and arrange for thedistribution of relevant information to Members concerned in order tofacilitate the co-ordination of meteorological activities through theEC Working Group on Antarctic Meteorology. However. in the event that it isnot possible for \>/MO to be represented at the Consultative Meetings. Memberswhich are Parties to the Antarctic Treaty should arrange for transmission ofrelevant parts of the reports of their meetings to the Secretary-General of\>/MO. who would arrange for further distribution of such reports to the Membersrepresented on the EC Working Group on Antarctic Meteorology.

78 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.7.2.8 Congress strongly supported that the EC Working Group on AntarcticMeteorology be maintained and adopted Resolution 19 (Cg-X).

4.

4.1

TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION PROGRAMME (agenda item 4)

General review of the Technical Co-operation Programme(agenda item 4.1)

4.1.1 Congress reviewed the information submitted by theSecretary-General consisting of a summary and statistical analysis oftechnical co-operation activities carried out during the ninth financialperiod and an analysis of the trends and issues.

4.1. 2 Congress expressed appreciation for the efforts of theSecretary-General to identify new sources of support but agreed that furtherefforts should be made to explore additional possibilities to the extent thatSecretariat resources allowed. It was recognized that Members themselvesmight be able to assist in that effort by suggesting additional sources andpromoting expansion of programmes in meteorology and hydrology by existingdonors.

4.1. 3 Congress approved the obj ectives .of the Technical Co-operationProgramme as indicated in Part II. Volume 7 of the Second Long-term Plan.This decision is recorded in Resolution 25 (Cg-lO. It was agreed. however.that there was a need for a more strategic approach to the future developmentof the Technical Co-operation Programme. Such an approach should help todefine the appropriate level of meteorological and hydrological outputsnecessary for public safety and environmentally sustainable social andeconomic progress. identify impediments to achieving the outputs and providethe framework for more detailed planning to overcome the impediments.Congress encouraged the Secretary-General to develop such an approach forpresentation to EC-XL and inclusion in the Third WMO Long-term Plan. In thisconnection. Congress indicated its agreement with the report of the ExecutiveCouncil Ad hoc Group on Assisting in the Development of National WeatherServices in Developing Countries and with the establishment of the WMOVolunteer Consultant Services. It was recognized that a valuable pool oftalent was available for carrying out short-term missions for the cost oftravel and per diem. Therefore Congress encouraged Members with needs thatcould be met by Volunteers to request use of that service. Congress alsonoted that a number of countries were willing to finance fully the assignmentof associate experts to projects and endorsed the concept for consideration inthe formulation and execution of projects and urged other countries toinitiate such programmes.

4.1.4 Congress noted the requirement of some developing countries foremergency assistance and the need for WMO to respond to their requirements asfast as possible. Congress requested the Executive Council to explorepossible ways for the Secretary-General to respond to urgent demands from theregular budget and from traditional or new sources of extra-budgetary support.

4.1.5 Congress was informed about Resolution 621 of the ECA Conferenceof Ministers on the establishment of ACMAD and the request made to theSecretary-General of WMO on the resolution to mobilize financiaL technicaland other support from bilateral and multilateral donors as well as from theUN system in order to facilitate the implementation and funding of ACMAD.

GENERAL SUMMARY 79

Congress urged the Secretary-General to respond favourably to that request andensure the speedy implementation of the centre.

4.1.6 Congress also noted that many important proj ects in meteorologyand hydrology were also carried out bilaterally and that in some fields, suchas agrometeorology, they were executed by other agencies such as FAO. WMOshould do its best to ensure co-ordination of technical co-operation in itsfields of responsibility.

4.2 United Nations Development Programme (agenda item 4.2)

Congress noted with great appreciation the indications ofcontinuing increases in the United Nations Development Programme fundsallocated to projects and to sectoral support in meteorology and operationalhydrology, expressed support for new procedures related to funding of spareparts for equipment, and by adopting Resolution 20 (Cg-X) confirmed WMO'senergetic participation in UNDP activities.

4.3 Voluntary Co-operation Programme (agenda item 4.3)

4.3.1 Congress noted with satisfaction that the progress achievedthrough the WMO Voluntary Co-operation Programme had fully justified thedecision of the Ninth Congress that the fields of co-operation covered by theprogramme should include:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

The implementation of the WWW plan as a first priority;

The granting of short-term and long-term fellowships;

The support to short-term training seminars for personnel engagedin the WWW and other activities covered under the VCP;

The support to agrometeorological activities;

The application of the WWW in the field of hydrology;

The establishment of observing and data-processing facilitiesnecessary for the World Climate Programme;

The support of activities within the World Climate ApplicationsProgramme related to food, energy and water;

The establishment and maintenance of BAPMoN stations.

4.3.2 The Voluntary Co-operation Programme consists of two components,namely the Voluntary Co-operation Fund (VCP(F» and the Equipment and ServiceProgramme (VCP(ES». As authorized by Ninth Congress, the Executive Council,at its thirty-fifth session, approved the "Rules of the Voluntary Co-operationProgramme (VCP)" in replacement of those approved at its thirty-first sessionand amended at its thirty-second session. The Council subsequently amendedthose new rules at its thirty-eighth session in 1986. The rules define theresources, the management arrangements, procedures for project formulation,

80 GENERAL SUMMARY

approval and implementation. The authority for approving the utilization ofVCP(F) and VCP(ES) rests with the EC Panel of Experts on the WMO VoluntaryCo-operation Programme. Congress requested the Executive Council to look intothe rules for use of the VCP, partly to respond to requests for emergencyassistance.

4.3.3 Congress noted with appreciation the adoption by the ExecutiveCouncil at its thirty-seventh session of the rules of the WWW ImplementationSupport Revolving Fund of the VCP to replace the former VCP Revolving Fund andwelcomed the principle according to which Members had the possibility toreimburse WMO in local currency through UNDP Resident Representatives.Basically, the objective of the Revolving Fund is to assist developingcountries in the operation and the maintenance of WWW facilities for thepurchase of spare parts and consurnables through loans for an amount notexceeding US $8 000 per loan.

4.3.4 Congress noted that a total of 115 projects in 45 countries werecompleted during the period 1983-1986. As of 31 December 1986, 109 projectswere under implementation in 63 countries, 84 with full support and 25 withpartial support, leaving, however, 146 projects still requiring assistance.In addition, between 1 300 and I 400 man-months of training were provided eachyear under the VCP fellowship programme.

4.3.5 Congress noted that over the past four years contributions to thefund VCP(F) and contributions received in equipment and services, includingfellowships, .(VCP(ES», averaged an annual US $350 000 and $5 million,respectively. Congress also noted with appreciation contributions receivedfrom those Members with very limited financial resources as well as thesupport which had been provided under bilateral arrangements. More extensivecontributions to both the fund and to the VCP(ES) were urged to meet needs.

4.3.6 Congress noted that the value of VCP(ES) donations, secondmentsfor missions, study tours, TCDC activities, etc. was not always easy todetermine and recommended that a list of donations recorded by the Secretariatbe sent to the donor Members for corrections and additions at the end of eachyear. The final listing will then serve as the basis for future reports onthe VCP.

4.3.7 Congress expressed its appreciation of the VCP activities whichhad been carried out during the ninth financial period. It was felt that VCPhad played an effective role in the implementation of the WWW plan and in thetraining of personnel by the provision of fellowships.

Qo~tln~aiiQn_ofih~ ~cii~iii~s-p~rfo~m~d_~d~r_t~e_~O_VQl~nia~yQo=oEe~aiiQn

frQg~a!!!ffi~

4.3.8 Congress, noting the value of the assistance provided by the WMOVoluntary Co-operation Programme to Members in the past. considered that thereasons which had led Ninth Congress to decide that the programme ofassistance under the VCP should be continued during the ninth financial periodstill prevailed and fully justified the continuation of those activitiesduring the tenth financial period along similar lines as in previous years.

4.3.9 Congress authorized the Executive Council to establish detailedrules and procedures for the operation of the VCP programme similar to thoseestablished during the ninth financial period taking into account the relevantdecisions of Tenth Congress.

4.3.10

4.4

GENERAL SUMMARY

Congress adopted Resolution 21 (Cg-X).

Organization and funding of the Technical Co-operation Programme(agenda item 4.4)

81

4.4.1 Congress noted with appreciation the growth in funding oftechnical co-operation programmes from US $33 million during 1971-1974 toUS $86 million in 1983-1986 and a projected US $96 million for 1987-1991 withthe same or reduced level of staff support.

4.4.2 Congress agreed that the organization of technical co-operationactivities should continue under the same arrangements during the nextfinancial period whereby the primary responsibility for the management andexecution of UNDP, VCP and trust-fund projects should rest with the TechnicalCo-operation Department, with the exception of fellowships which would beadministered by the Education and Training Department.

4.4.3 Congress also noted with appreciation the steps taken by theSecretary-General to ensure co-ordination of technical co-operation activitieswith those of the regular programmes. It endorsed the possibility foroccasionally allocating the responsibility for a particular project to atechnical department in cases where the project was designed as a directcontribution to a regular programme activity.

4.4.4 As regards the financing of staff in support of technicalco-operation activities, Congress agreed that the cost of staff for VCPmanagement would continue to be met from the regular budget as would staffcosts incurred in the administration of regular budget and VCP fellowships andin the purchase of equipment to satisfy VCP requests. Congress alsoreiteI'ated its policy that in principle all identifiable costs involved in theexecution of UNDP and trust-fund projects should continue to be financed byincome from those sources. In this connection, Congress noted theSecretary-General's decision to charge a standard rate of 14 per cent on allexpenditures on trust-fund projects.

4.4.5 Congress noted with serious concern the impact of the exchangerate changes upon the' income received from the overhead charged for UNDP andtrust-fund projects, for use in managing the projects. Congress endorsed theefforts being made by the Secretary-General to present proposals to the UNDPand the UNDP Governing Council to alleviate the situation. In this regard,Congress adopted Resolution 22 (Cg-X) on UNDP support cost earnings.

4.4.6 Congress further agreed that, while every effort should be made toreduce expenditure on support costs, recourse might have to be made to theregular budget in the event that adverse currency fluctuations made itimpossible to meet the costs of technical co-operation support from therevenue received from UNDP and trust funds. In such a contingency, anyflexibility provision which was applicable to staff salaries of personnelfinanced from the regular budget, during the ninth financial period, could beapplied to the technical co-operation support staff to the extent necessarywith the concurrence of the Executive Council. It was pointed out, however,that in the event of any reduction in revenue due to a decrease in the volumeof technical co-operation activities, appropriate measures should be taken bythe Secretary-General to reduce costs.

82

5.

5.1

GENERAL SUMMARY

PROGRAMME SUPPORT SERVICES AND PUBLICATIONS (agenda item 5l

Programme support services; Confer~hce programme(agenda item 5.1)

5.1.1 Tenth Congress recalled Regulation 165 of the General Regulationswhich states that sessions of regional associations should normally be held inthe Regions concerned and agreed that the application of that principle inpractice was highly desirable. There was unanimous support for the principleof holding sessions in the respective Regions for many reasons, i.e. to focusthe attention of local governments on meteorological needs, to stimulate thedevelopment of Meteorological Services, to promote mutual understanding and anawareness of local conditions, and to facilitate the participation of a largernumber of representatives of national Meteorological Services in the sessions.

5.1.2 It was noted that, responding to a request of Ninth Congress, theExecutive Council reviewed the matter in the light of the policies of the UNoffice in Geneva and other UN specialized agencies with the aim of reducingthe cost differential to potential host countries. The resulting proposalswere submitted to Tenth Congress.

5.1. 3 Strong support was expressed in favour of solutions which wouldalleviate the burden on host countries and permit a greater number of them tohost sessions in the Regions. However, concern was expressed that anyincrease in the financial share borne by WMO might be detrimental to thefinancing of the scientific and technical programmes. It was suggested thatways and means be sought to improve the efficiency of the sessions and thusreduce their cost. This could be achieved by reducing the duration of thesessions and diminishing the volume of documentation as well as therequirements for support services.

5.1. 4 The budgetary implications of the proposals in paragraph 5.1. 3were discussed under agenda item a (see paragraph 8.21).

5.1.5 Congreqs examined the information submitted by theSecretary-General on the invitations extended for hosting sessions ofconstituent bodies during the tenth financial period (1988-l99ll. Additionalinformation provided by delegations at Tenth Congress permitted theestablishment of a draft programme of sessions of these bodies (see the annexto this paragraph (Annex Ill. Congress noted that, in accordance withRegulation 16 of the WMO General Regulations, if no invitation was received300 days before the scheduled opening of the session concerned, it would beheld at WMO Headquarters.

5.1.6 Congress expressed the wish that, in so far as possible, thesessions of constituent bodies scheduled for the third year of the financialperiod should be held before the session of the Executive Council in thatyear. This would allow consideration of proposals put forward by theconstituent bodies, in particular those relating to the Long-term Plan, by theExecutive Council prior to submission to Congress. It was noted that therewas a possibility of holding the session of the Executive Council later in theyear, if scheduling of sessions of the constituent bodies made it desirable.

5.1.7 Congress considered a proposal submitted by Saudi Arabia toschedule WMO meetings outside the major Islamic religious periods and holidaysin order to avoid inconvenience to Muslim delegates. Congress agreed that it

GENERAL SUMMARY 83

was desirable that meetings of WMO constituent bodies should not be scheduledat a time inconvenient to a significant number of Members.

5.2 Publications Programme (agenda item 5.2)

5.2.1 Congress noted with satisfaction the work carried out under thePublications Programme during the ninth financial period. It commended theExecutive Council for the measures taken in order to promote this Programmewhich had permitted a substantial improvement in the production of vital WMOpublications. Congress encouraged the Secretary-General to pursue the effortsmade to distribute. in a timely manner and in all the required languages. theoperational and technical publications which were essential to almost allfunctions of the Organization. It noted with satisfaction that adherence hadbeen maintained to the principle of parity between the working languages.provided that translations were available. Congress emphasized once again theimportance of the education and training publications which were used astextbooks for teaching meteorology and hydrology in universities and attraining centres.

5.2.2 Congress requested the Secretary-General to explore thepossibility of also producing certain publications in microform and ofinserting advertisements in WMO publications. as appropriate. TheSecretary-General was requested to seek further assistance by Member countriesin the translation of publications and to make arrangements for the reductionof the length of the written material without loss of substance and with anemphasis on quality.

5.2.3 Congress requested the Secretary-General to arrange forpublication of Volume I of the International Cloud Atlas in Russian andSpanish. subject to the assistance of Members concerned in providing thetranslations. It noted with appreciation the offer by Argentina to translateinto Spanish the text of the above volume as well as of the guides mentionedin the annex to Resolution 23 (Cg-lO under 4 (viii). (x) and (xi). As hadalready been suggested at its ninth session. Congress proposed that theSecretary-General explore the possibility of having the WMO Bulletininterviews with the IMO· prize winners and other eminent meteorologistsreprinted in a single volume.

5.2.4 Reiterating the importance of the WMO Publications Programme.Congress requested the Executive Council to continue to review regularly theprogress of this Programme during the tenth financial period. It endorsed thepOlicy introduced by the Executive Council of including the funds required forthe production of the programme-supporting publications in the budgetproposals of the relevant scientific and technical programmes.

5.2.5 Congress adopted Resolution 23 (Cg-X) defining the policies inconnection with WMO publications during the tenth financial period. The annexto this resolution contains the list of WMO mandatory publications andlanguages in which they shall be issued during the tenth financial period.

5.3 Text-processing and computer support (agenda item 5.3)

5.3.1 Tenth Congress reviewedactivities during the ninth financialnow formed an important tool in the

the developments in text-processingperiod and noted that these activitiesday-to-day work of the Secretariat. It

84 GENERAL SUMMARY

was noted with appreciation that a strong emphasis was placed on using textprocessing techniques for the preparation of documents before and duringmeetings, and for the production of reports. The Secretary-General thereforewas encouraged to further extend this support to meetings held outside theSecretariat.

5.3.2 It was stressed that the text-processing and computer support tosessions and publications should be considered as an integral part of thescientific and technical programme of the Organization. Over the years thisfacili ty has become an essential element wi thin the infrastructure providingthe basis for the efficient work of the Secretariat.

5.3.3 It was also noted, however, that the equipment being used in thoseactivities was no longer sufficient to satisfy the increasing demands beingplaced upon it; The Secretary-General was, therefore, urged to proceed with aphased development of text-processing activities and systems, taking intoaccount budgetary restraints and giving first priority to the establishment ofthe necessary infrastructure for the gradual acquisition of additionalfacilities within the existing framework. The Secretary-General was alsorequested to consider ways of making the Secretariat's text-processingfacilities compatible with those of Members, enhancing the flow of usefulinformation within the Organization as a whole, while reducing the need forrepetitious material and the flow of paper.

5.3.4 Congress considered that the first priority in the short termshould be for the support of meetings and the production of documents, butthat in the longer term the system of transfer of information within theSecretariat, and between the Secretariat and Members, was of great importanceand demanded attention. However, because of budgetary constraints,acquisition of new equipment entailing major expense should only be undertakenafter thorough analysis of needs and benefits.

5.4 Public information (agenda item 5.4)

5.4.1 Congress reviewed the actions taken during the ninth financialperiod in the field of public information. It noted with interest that WorldMeteorological Day was celebrated with success by a growing number of Membersallover the world and that the information material provided by theSecretariat was of great assistance for that purpose. It recognized the valueof the celebrations and stressed the importance of an early distribution ofthe relevant material to Members. It .requested that a more detailed reportthan was currently published in the WMO Bulletin on the manner in which theWorld Meteorological Day was marked in various countries be circulated toMembers in an appropriate form.

5.4.2 Congress discussed the aims and purposes of the public informationprogramme for the future. It considered that improving the public image ofmeteorology, hydrology and related disciplines, at both national andinternational levels, including their applications, remained a major objectiveof the WMO public information programme.

5.4.3 To this effect, Congress considered the need for increasedawareness among the public and decision-makers of the importance ofmeteorological and hydrological contributions to various national activities.The essential role that the national Services play in this respect- both

GENERAL SUMMARY 85

individually and collectively, particularly through their participation in WMOactivities, was also emphasized. In this regard the theme for the 1988 WorldMeteorological Day, "Meteorology and the Media", was very appropriate.

5.4.4 Congress further noted that the improvement of the visibility andstatus of the national Services and of WMO was an area of· concern which theWMO public information programme needed to address. In this connection it waspointed out that the requirements for adequate public information materialoriented towards that objective were generally greater in developing countries.

5.4.5 Congress stressed the importance of Members' support to the WMOpublic information programme, particularly in ensuring wide publicity to therole and activities of WMO, as well as those of the national Meteorologicaland Hydrological Services. Congress was also pleased to note the effortswhich had been exerted by Members in this regard, and especially thestrengthening of links with the mass media. It called on Members to considerthe provision of information, advice and expertise relevant to publicinformation as part of their contribution to the technical co-operationactivities of WMO.

5.4.6 Congress emphasized that WMO public information activities shouldbe considered as an essential support to and part of the various scientificand technical programmes of the Organization. Whenever appropriate,consideration should be given to incorporating a specific public informationcomponent in the planning and implementation of those programmes. Congressalso considered the importance of revie.dng the effectiveness of the WMOpublic information activities.

5.4.7 With respect to future activities, Congress recognized that theuse of audio-visual material, especially video-films was particularly usefuland efficient for public information activities. It requested thatconsideration be given to the possibility of making available to Membersvideo-cassettes produced by WMO or copied from video-films provided byMembers. It was mentioned that it would be useful, during Eleventh Congress,to hold an exhibition and show films and video-tapes on the current problemsof hydrometeorology and the protection of the natural environment.

5.4.8 Congress noted with appreciation the success of the exhibition ofpostage stamps on meteorology and related subjects on various occasionsincluding the celebration of the World Meteorological Day. Congress felt thatsuch philatelic exhibitions should be encouraged as an effective vehicle inbringing meteorology to the attention of the general public. Congressexpressed its gratitude to those Members which had provided the Secretariatwith stamps issued by their postal administrations in relation to activitiesof national Meteorological Services or in honour of distinguishedpersonalities in the fields of meteorology and hydrology. Congress reiteratedits previous feelings that consideration should be given to the possibility ofpublishing, on a self-financing basis, a catalogue of postage stamps devotedto meteorology and related subjects, based on the information provided byMember countries.

5.4.9 Congress was pleased to express its appreciation to the USSR fordonating to WMO more than 130 scientific and technical publications shownduring Tenth Congress and two films in English and French on environmentalproblems which could be widely used in the interests of the Organization andits Members.

86 GENERAL SUMMARY

5.4.10 Congress was pleased with the arrangements made in connection withthe exhibition on meteorological and hydrological instruments entitledMETEOHYDEX organized on the occasion of Tenth Congress. It agreed that thishad enabled participants to obtain direct information about the latestmaterial available on the market. It recommended that similar exhibitions beorganized in connection with Congress or other appropriate WMO meetings inorder to keep Members informed of technological advances in the fields ofmeteorology and hydrology in general and instruments in particular.

5.4.11 Congress adopted Resolution 24 (Cg-X) describing the WMO publicinformation programme.

6. CO-OPERATION WITH THE UNITED NATIONS AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS(agenda item 6)

Co-operation and working arrangements with the United Nations and otherorganizations

6.1 Congress reviewed the existing relations with the United Nationsand other international organizations and decided that close co-operation,consultation and co-ordination with these organizations should be maintainedon the basis of the policy laid down in Resolution 6 (Cg-V).

6.2 Congress noted with satisfaction the action taken by the ExecutiveCouncil in concluding working arrangements with other internationalorganizations. It authorized the Executive Council to consider, whenappropriate, the advisability of concluding formal agreements with otherinternational organizations and to enter into such further workingarrangements as might be necessary subject to the provisions of Article 26 ofthe WMO Convention.

6.3 Congress noted the increasing and active involvement of WMO in theactivities of the United Nations system as well as the active participation ofWMO in the inter-agency co-ordination of programmes through the AdministrativeCommittee on Co-ordination. Whilst emphasizing the need for WMO toconcentrate on its own aims and programmes, Congress recognized that thesecould be furthered in co-operation with other agencies and agreed that theOrganization should continue to participate in the work of the ACC and itssubsidiary machinery.

6.4 Congress also noted that the Organization had participated in thepreparations for and proceedings of a number of international conferences andmeetings convened by the United Nations or UN specialized agencies. In thisconnection, it noted the organization of the United Nations Conference onPeaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy and the relevance of certain WMO activities inthis area. Congress welcomed the WMO involvement and requested theSecretary-General to contribute, as far as possible and appropriate, to theimplementation of the programmes of action, or the relevant resolutions ordecisions adopted by UN conferences and meetings.

6.5 In this connection, Congress noted the Organization'scollaboration with the UN Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) in thepreparation of the proposed African Centre of Meteorological Applications forDevelopment (ACMAD) in Niamey, Niger as well as with the International AtomicEnergy Agency (IAEA) in the preparatory work and implementation of the

GENERAL SUMMARY 87

Conventions on early notification and assistance in the case of a nuclearaccident or radiological emergency.

6.6 Congress endorsed the continuing co-operation between WMO and theIntergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) on issues related to theocean-atmosphere interaction and co-ordination with the InternationalHydrological Programme (IHP) of Unesco regarding hydrology and waterresources, the latter co-ordination being based on the Mar del Plata ActionPlan adopted by the UN Water Conference and involving the joint convening ofinternational conferences on hydrology. Congress also endorsed theco-operation between WMO and FAO, particularly with respect to the executionof the UNDP/WMO/FAO AGRHYMET Programme, FAO' s participation in the variousworking groups of the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology and in theInter-agency Group on Biometeorology and its important contribution to variousWMO publications and numerous training events.

6.7 Congress welcomed the information received concerning thesatisfaction of the United Nations, including the United Nations DevelopmentProgramme, with the efforts of and co-operation with WMO.

6.8 Congress endorsed the views expressed by the Executive Council onthe hosting by WMO at no extra cost to the Organization of the permanentsecretariat of the Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, adoptedand signed in Vienna on 22 March 1985. Congress authorized the ExecutiveCouncil to make a final decision on this matter once the Convention came intoforce and the Contracting Parties approached WMO.

Recommendations addressed to WMO by the United Nations

6.9 Congress took note of the action being taken by WMO i-n response torecommendations of the General Assembly of the United Nations and other bodiesdirectly related to the programmes of WMO. The Secretary-General wasrequested to continue his co-operation in these areas with the United Nationsand other bodies and agencies of the United Nations system. Congress alsotook note of those other recommendations of the General Assembly addressed toall bodies, organizations and agencies of the United Nations system, includingWMO. It invited the Secretary-General to take these into account in so far asthey were appropriate and relevant to the activities of the Organization.

Joint Inspection Unit

6.10 Congress reconfirmed its acceptance of the Statute of the JointInspection Unit on the understanding that the procedure whereby reports of theUnit were submitted to the Executive Council by the Secretary-Generalfulfilled its commitments under paragraph 2 of Article 1 of the Statute. Itrequested the Secretary-General to continue to give maximum assistance to theUnit, within the limits of resources available, priority attention being givento those activities of the JIU which were particularly relevant to WMO.

7. LONG-TERM PLANNING (agenda item 7)

7.1 Tenth Congress acknowledgedsubmitted by the Secretary-General ondocumentation included Parts I and II ofperiod 1988-1997, a set of proposals

wi th appreciation the documentationlong-term planning in WMO. This

the Second WMO Long-term Plan for theconcerning the long-term planning

88 GENERAL SUMMARY

process, and a proposal for the preparation of the Third Long~term Plancovering the period 1992-2001.

7.2 Many delegates warmly congratulated the Executive Council, itsWorking Group on Long-term Planning and the Secretary-General for havingdeveloped the Second Long-term Plan, potentially the most important documentof the Organization, that provides:

A basic programme for WMO's future development;

Guidance for Members in preparing their own long-term plans; and

Information for governments on the future perspectives andneeds of meteorological and hydrological services.

7.3 It was emphasized that in this period, when great strides inscientific and technological development and the socio-economic needs of anincreasing world population for meteorological and hydrological servicespresented compelling challenges, it was essential to have clear guidance onthe future of WMO. The Second Long-term Plan was commended as an excellentresponse to those challenges. In this respect the valuable contributions madeby the technical commissions, the regional associations and by Members werehighly appreciated.

Second Long-term Plan (1988-1991)

7.4 Tenth Congress noted that in accordance with the wishes of NinthCongress the Second Long-term Plan comprised two parts. Part I included theproposed overall policy and strategy of the Organization and the mainlong-term objectives of the scientific and technical programmes. Part II, inseven separate volumes, provided detailed plans for the scientific andtechnical programmes of the Organization. These latter volumes contained themain documentation on all plans for the individual programmes. Congress alsonoted with satisfaction that the Part II volumes had been closely co-ordinatedwith the Secretary-General' s programme and budget proposals for the tenthfinancial period.

7.5 During the ninth financial period, the SLTP was reviewed byconstituent bodies, their working groups, various EC panels and other bodies.It had also been circulated to Members for comments in 1985. This process ofseeking consensus was considered to be very important - particularly inconnection with the Second Long-term Plan which was the first fullydeveloped overall Plan of WMO. Admittedly, there were overlaps in the processwhen the same material was referred back to constituent bodies and directly toMembers some of whom considered that the SLTP was too lengthy and detailed.However priority statements were obtained from all regional associations andit was possible to derive overall priorities and establish WMO's futurepolicies and strategies. In reviewing the material Tenth Congress consideredthe Second Long-term Plan was well balanced.

7.6 The draft of Part I - Overall policy and strategy - of the SecondLong-term Plan (1988-1997) was examined in detail along with comments receivedfrom sessions of IX-RA L IX-RA VI, CAS-IX, CAeM-VIII and CAgM-IX. Congressagreed upon specific amendments to be included in Part I prior to itspublication.

GENERAL SUMMARY 89

7.7 The Second Long-term Plan was considered to be a milestone inWMO's efforts to probe the future and to improve efficiency. It was notedthat many Members had already made good use of the draft plan in preparingtheir own national plans. It was appreciated that as a result of a multistage screening process the plan embodied a consensus of all Members of WMO.After the necessary final adjustments the Second Long-term Plan, comprisingPart I - Overall policy and Strategy (1988-1997) - and the seven volumes ofPart II, was adopted by Resolution 25 ICg-X).

7.8 The Executive Council was requested to use the Part II volumes ofthe SLTP as benchmarks for monitoring the progress of scientific and technicalprogrammes during the tenth financial period. This should include:

(a)

(b)

(c)

Developing a concise description of the scheme and criteria formonitoring of the SLTP, including the relationship between therelevant tasks of the constituent bodies and the Secretariat;

Monitoring in depth the implementation and progress towardsmeeting objectives of the Plan once in each financial period;

Submission to Eleventh Congress of a report on the monitoring ofthe implementation of the plan.

7.9 The Secretary-General was requested to streamline documentationfor sessions of constituent bodies by using the approved Second Long-term Planas appropriate.

Preparation of the Third Long-term Plan (1992-2001)

7.10 Congress agreed that long-term planning inWMO had reached a stageof maturity and that the preparation of long-term plans should be continued.The basic principles and the general characteristics of the Third WMOLong-term Plan covering the period 1992-2001, should be those outlined in thefollowing paragraphs.

Basic Erin~iEl~s_oi lo~g=t~r~ El~ngigg

7.11 Congress endorsed the basic principles of long-term planning inWMO, as set forth by the Executive Council at its thirty-sixth session:

(a) The long-term planning process should be developed as an integralpart of the total WMO programme management machinery through whichMembers identify their common objectives and develop and implementagreed plans for achieving them;

(b) The planningbuild upon,within WMO;

process must be kept simple and flexible and shouldrather than duplicate, existing planning systems

(c)

(d)

The planning process and the plan should encompass not just theactivities of the constituent bodies and the Secretariat butshould deal with the agreed total intentions of WMO and itsMembers;

There should be maximum opportunity for input by Members to theplanning process to ensure that WMO programmes are developed inresponse to the wishes and aspirations of Members;

90

(e)

GENERAL SUMMARY

The full participation of all constituent bodies would beessential to the effectiveness of long-term planning and thesuccess of the planning system would be a key factor in achievingthe objective of a strengthened technical-commission system.

General characteristics of the Plan--~--------

7.12

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

It was considered that the Third Long-term Plan should:

Cover the full ten-year period (1992-2001);

Serve, in its draft form, as the primary vehicle for submission ofprogramme plans to Congress and in its published form to present acomprehensive approved plan for the Organization for that period;

Eliminate the need for other statements of approved programmeplans;

Contain clear statements of objectives and programme plans in aform that is brief enough for consideration by Congress butdetailed enough to:

Provide useful guidance to Members, to constituent bodies andto the Secretary-General;

Serve as a basis for monitoring programme implementation byCongress and the Executive Council.

7.13 Endorsing the procedure which proved to be very useful during thepreparation of the Second Long-term Plan, Congress requested the ExecutiveCouncil to finalize the programme structure and layout for the Third Long-termPlan at its forty-first session (in 1989, i. e. two years before EleventhCongress). This would be linked with a preliminary discussion on theprogramme and budget for the eleventh financial period, a traditional item onthe agenda of the session of the Executive Council two years before Congress.It was emphasized that the forty-first session of the Council would have acritical function in ensuring close alignment between the Third Long-term Planand the programme and budget proposals for the next period.

7.14 Congress requested the Executive Council to review futurepolicies, strategies and priorities of the Organization for the period of theThird Long-term Plan, taking into account the guidance given by Congress.

7.15 Congress reaffirmed the principle of free and unrestrictedinternational exchange of meteorological data and information among theMeteorological Services of Member countries and emphasized that WMO shouldcontinue promoting - through its programmes - adherence to this principle.

7.16 It was agreed that economic aspects should form a vital part ofthe Third Long-term Plan and that more attention should be paid to the need todevelop relationships with potential users and to find ways to meet theirrequirements.

GENERAL SUMMARY 91

7.17 There was general support for the idea of more strategic planningof the Technical Co-operation Programme of the Organization, with particularemphasis on the regional aspects.

7.18 Congress re-emphasized that most of the input to the ThirdLong-term Plan would be provided through Members, the technical commissions,the regional associations and other bodies of WMO.However, it also agreedthat there was clearly a need for specific in-depth studies in connection withthe development of national Meteorological and Hydrological Services, such asthose related to economic benefits of services, development policies andstrategies and management of services. The Executive Council was requested tostimulate and promote - within the available resources - such studies as maybe necessary.

7.19 It was further agreed that Members should also be urged to pursuespecific studies within their own countries on the future role of meteorologyand hydrology in economic and social development. Such studies would provideadditional input for the Third Long-term Plan.

7.20 In this respect, Tenth Congress had the benefit of a number ofilluminating presentations that provided ideas and examples, from bothdeveloping and developed countries, on how national Services could be betterorganized, further developed and made more effective. It was suggested thatthe ideas presented would be taken into account in the course of thepreparation of the Third Long-term Plan.

7.21 Congress also had the benefit of a presentation by theSecretary-General of the World Commission on Environment and Development onthe report of the Commission entitled "Our common future", outlining the majorissues related to global environmental problems and sustainable development.Many of the global problems addressed in the report were closely related toWMO's programmes. It was stressed, during the presentation of theSecretary-General of WCED, that WMO and the national Meteorological andHydrological Services· had an important role in increasing the capability toassess risks related to climatic change, droughts, potential effects of thechanging balance of minor constituents of the atmosphere, acid rain, depletionof the ozone shield, forest death due to air pollution, accidental emissionsof hazardous material into the atmosphere or water system, etc. It was alsostressed that national Meteorological and Hydrological Services weredepositories of some of the most important environmental data sets. In thelight of these considerations, Congress agreed that the increasing concernabout such global problems should be reflected in the Third Long-term Plan.

7.22 In this connection, the importance of already existing data setsand monitoring systems was emphasized. It was noted that some of these datasets may not be in a useful form at present. Therefore, emphasis should beplaced initially on putting them in a useful format. It was further pointedout that effective utilization of data provided by the national Meteorologicaland Hydrological Services could serve as a very cost-effective approach inassisting the economic and social development of countries.

7.23 In conclusion Tenth Congress adopted Resolution 26 (Cg-XlPreparation of the Third WMO Long-term Plan for 1992-2001.

92

8.

General

GENERAL SUMMARY

CONSOLIDATED PROGRAMME AND BUDGET 1988-1991 (agenda item 8)

8.1 Congress considered under this item the programme and budgetproposed by the Secretary-General for the tenth financial period (1988-1991).A general review of the programme and budget was followed by a detaileddiscussion on the various proposals put forth for consideration by Congress inrespect of the programme of the Organization under each part of the regularbudget.

8.2 In his opening address, the President referred to the task ofestablishing the programme and budget for 1988-1991. He underlined the factthat the current financial constraints prevented full advantage being taken ofthe opportunities and challenges opened up by recent scientific andtechnological advances in meteorology. These opportunities, however, shouldnot be allowed to pass by at ·a time when demands are increasing. He alsostressed that the programme and budget for· the tenth financial period wassupported and meticulously co-ordinated with the activities, priorities andobjectives of the Second WMO Long-term Plan.

8.3 The Secretary-General pointed out that his budgetary proposals forthe tenth financial period were the result of co-ordinated study made for theSecond Long-term Plan with the full collaboration of the Executive Council,regional associations, technical commissions and other scientific andtechnical organs. Therefore, he suggested that these proposals should beconsidered in their true perspective. The Secretary-General then elaboratedbriefly upon the scientific and technical programmes of the Organization andemphasized that in spite of the challenges and the opportunities ahead, theproposed budget had been kept within the limits of "zero real gro>lth" in viewof the international financial difficulties at the time and in accordance >liththe wishes of the Executive Council. He also mentioned the financialdifficulties that WMO itself was facing because of the delays in payment ofassessed contributions from Members as well as the decline in the value of USdollar vis-a-vis most of the European currencies.

8.4 A large number of delegates congratulated the Secretary-General onthe high quality of the document. They emphasized the importance of thevarious scientific and technical programmes to the effectiveness of theOrganization and the benefits that flowed to Members, including those in thedeveloping countries, from these programmes, in particular World WeatherWatch, World Climate Programme, Education and Training Programme and TechnicalCo-operation Programme. Many Members expressed concern, however, that theproposal of the Secretary-General based on the concept of zero real gro>lthbudget, as endorsed by the Executive Council, could involve large increases incontributions from the budgets of countries, especially those whose localcurrencies had declined in relation to the US dollar and Swiss franc. Afterlengthy consideration the Congress agreed that, in view of the extremeimportance of the proposed programmes to Members, they should be financiallysupported bearing in mind the maximum expenditure set by Congress. At thesame time, it was agreed that all possible opportunities for savings and forincreased efficiency in the use of the approved budget would be applied. Whenapproving the budget, Congress took note of the statement made by the LatinAmerican countries to the effect that they considered that their contributionsshould be held to the same amount,· in US dollars, for the tenth financialperiod as compared to those made for the ninth financial period.

GENERAL SUMMARY 93

8.5 During the detailed discussions of the various scientific andtechnical progranunes and activities, it was generally recognized that thepresent-day opportunities in the field of meteorology and operationalhydrology could absorb resources in an amount which would be greater than whatcould be expected in the zero real growth framework. Therefore, the proposalsof the Secretary-General had been developed using principles which were verystrictly observed in the allocation of funds. Several additional requirementswere identified. Congress decided that the events and activities, as shown inthe annex to this paragraph (Annex II), which required additional funds wouldbe implemented if the Executive Council was able to accommodate them withinthe appropriations approved for the major progranunes and activities to whichthey related. Congress also requested the Secretary-General to effecteconomies wherever possible, including those in staff expenditures, during theactual implementation of the progranunes and activities in an attempt toliberate resources for the execution of the additional needs expressed byvarious Members. In the implementation of these programmes and activities,the approved Second Long-term Plan should determine the strategy andpriorities to be followed.

8.6 Congress recognized that application of the principle of zero realgrowth, which required the overall progranune to be carried out within apredetermined financial ceiling, did not preclude the shifting of resourceswithin and between parts of the progranune and between objects of expenditure.In this connection, Congress referred to the mechanism of inter-part andinter-section budgetary transfers provided for in the Financial Regulationswhich would enable the Executive Council and the Secretary-General to makesuch transfer of funds, if needed, to achieve the best possible implementationunder the approved budgetary ceilings.

8.7 Congress authorized the Executive Council to incur maximumexpenditure of 170 000 000 Swiss francs during the tenth financial period.This sum was based on the salary scales and prices prevailing on1 April 1987 . For the expenditure to be incurred in US dollars, the rate ofexchange used was Swiss francs 1.53 = US $1.00. Authority was also given tothe Executive Council to incur necessary additional expenditures as detailedin Resolution 27 ICg-X) which was adopted.

8.8 Congress examined the proposed structure of the Secretariat forthe tenth financial period. It authorized the Secretary-General to arrangethis in the best way possible within the financial limitations imposed by theapproved maximum expenditure. Congress also decided that the maximum numberof establiShed posts in the Secretariat financed from the regular budgetduring the tenth financial period, excluding the staff for the jointactivities covered by the WMO/ICSU agreement, should be 246. Congress notedthe shift of staff from General Service posts to Professional and to highergraded posts which took place during the ninth financial period. It was awarethat this situation was the result of the implementation of the MasterStandard of Classification recommended by the United Nations InternationalCivil Service Conunission for the Organizations in the United Nations commonsystem. It also recalled that all such upgradings received due approval ofthe Executive Council annually. Congress recognized the need foropportunities for advancement. On the other hand, it was realized that if thesituation which prevailed during the ninth financial period were allowed tocontinue, it would lead to an imbalance of staff grades in the Secretariat.Congress therefore decided that, within the maximum limit of expenditures,this authorization should provide, in addition to the three unclassified

94 GENERAL SUMMARY

posts, a maximum of twelve posts in grades D.2 and D.l. With regard to themaximum number of posts at D.2 level, Congress decided to renew theauthorization given to the Executive Council in paragraph 9.4.4 of the generalsummary of the abridged report of Ninth Congress.

Part 1 - Policy-making organs

8.9 Congress considered the financial provisions to be made for thesessions of the Financial Advisory Committee. It decided that the Committeeshould meet during or in conjunction with the sessions of the Congress andExecutive Council at minimum additional cost to WMO. Congress recognized,however, that one additional session of the Committee would be necessary inorder to give advice during the formulation of the Secretary-General'sproposals for the programme and budget for the eleventh financial period.Since provision for this purpose was not included in the Secretary-General' sproposals for the tenth financial period, the funding should take placefollowing the procedure mentioned in paragraph 8.6 above. For this session,the cost to be borne by WMO would exclude the payment of travel and per diemof the representatives of the eight Member States.

8.10 With regard to the payment of a daily subsistence allowance to themembers of the Executive Council attending sessions of the Council, Congressauthorized the Executive Council to give further careful consideration to thismatter. The. Council may make such decisions as necessary to address theproblems of some of its members with respect to their attendance at sessionsof the Executive Council.

8.11 Congress considered that by increasing the efficiency andeffectiveness of the sessions, particularly the documentation and conferenceprocedures, it should be possible to curtail the duration of sessionsgenerally. In this connection, particular mention was made of the Congresssession which in the opinion of many Members could be reduced to three weeks.Congress decided that the matter should be carefully considered by theExecutive Council and the Secretary-General and, if feasible, an experimentcould be made on the occasion of Eleventh Congress.

8.12 Congress considered that the cost of the sessions of the Bureaucould be reduced and therefore requested the Executive Council and the Bureauto look into this matter with a view to releasing funds for more urgentrequirements.

Part 2 - Executive management

8.13 Congress noted that the Executive Council had approved theestablishment of the post of Assistant Secretary-General as from1 January 1985. This post forms part of the Executive Management composed ofthe Secretary-General, the Deputy Secretary-General and the AssistantSecretary-General.

8.14 With effect from 1 January 1988, Congress set the salaries of theDeputy Secretary-General and the Assistant Secretary-General at US $64 638 andUS $59 383 per annum respectively, net salary plus appropriate allowances.These are the levels which apply to deputy and assistant executive heads ofcomparable specialized agencies of the United Nations System. Therepresentation allowances for the Deputy Secretary-General and the AssistantSecretary-General were maintained at US $3 800 and US $3 000 per annum

GENERAL SUMMARY 95

respectively. In this connection, Congress decided to authorize the ExecutiveCouncil to carry out any adjustment of salary which might become necessary if,during the tenth financial period, an increase in the salaries of comparableUnited Nations staff should occur.

8.15 Congressconsultants underSecretary-General to

was of thethis part

make savings

view thatcould be

on this item

the contingency provisionreduced and requested

to the extent possible.

forthe

Part 3 - Scientific and technical programmes

8.16 Congress recalled the views expressed in the general summary ofthe work of Ninth Congress in paragraph 8.11. It noted with regret that thecost of meetings continued to increase. The Secretary-General was againrequested to continue to exercise a strict financial discipline on the budgetsof the various meetings and to achieve economies wherever possible. Congressalso requested that the cost of various types of meetings be reduced to theextent of achieving optimum cost/benefit ratio, for example, by shortening theduration of the meetings and by exercising strict vigilance over therequirements for documentation and interpretation. Furthermore, it renewedthe request to Members to instruct their delegates participating in sessionsof regional associations and technical commissions to keep in mind the costaspect when setting up working groups, etc.

8.17 Congress noted the substantial difference in cost of secondedexperts compared to consultants. It was informed that preference was given tothe employment of seconded experts over consultants. Many delegates expressedthe view that if the permanent representatives were approached sufficiently inadvance, seconded experts with the required competence could be made availablefor consultancy work thereby producing substantial economies for theOrganization.

Regional activities

8.18 In the consideration of the Regional Programme, the specificevents and activities, as shown in the annex to this paragraph (Annex II),were presented by the 'presidents of regional associations and Members. A partof these proposals, it was recalled, could be implemented mainly utilizingglobal allocations in respect of regional working groups, seminars, etc. whichappear in Part 3.7 of the Secretary-General's proposals.

8.19 Congress recognized that it was not possible to list the detailsof all meetings required during the tenth financial period and that not allregional associations sought the inclusion of additional items. It consideredthat, as the implementation of the programme during the first four years ofthe Second WMO Long-term Plan proceeded, it might be necessary for theExecutive Council, in consultation with the presidents of technicalcommissions and regional associations and the Secretary-General, wi thin thelimits of available resources and in keeping with priorities, to makeprovision for some events not currently listed following generally theguidelines in paragraphs 8.5 and 8.6 above.

WMO/ICSU Joint Climate Research Fund (JCRF)

8.20 Regarding the implementation of climate research activities underthe agreement with ICSU, Congress decided to continue the practice adopted

96 GENERAL SUMMARY

during the ninth financial period by contributing to the WMOfICSU JointClimate Research Fund (JCRF). The Executive Council was authorized todetermine biennially the amount of WMO's contribution to the Joint Fund.

Part 5 - Programme support services

8.21 Under agenda item 5.1 on Programme Support Services: ConferenceProgramme, Congress decided to consider ways and means to improve theefficiency of sessions of regional associations and thus reduce their cost.Considering the strong support which was expressed in favour of a solutionwhich would alleviate the burden on host countries and permit a greater numberof them to consider hosting sessions of regional associations in the Regions,possibilities of finding additional budgetary resources were carefullyexamined within the framework of zero real growth. The conclusion was reachedthat the Secretary-General should enable the attendance of as many staffmembers as possible at no cost to the countries hosting sessions of regionalassociations and technical commissions by utilizing mission and other fundsfrom the programmes and by combining such travel with duty trips in theRegion. Congress requested the Executive Council to review current practicesand to define specific responsibilities of WMO and host Members regardingfinancial support for sessions held away from Headquarters, especiallysessions of regional associations. The Executive Council was also requested totake .steps, within the available resources, to alleviate· the cost to hostcOW1tries~

Part 6

8.22 For the· maintenance of and emergency repairs to the WMOHeadquarters building, the Executive Council might consider, at the request ofthe Secretary-General,. the re~appropriationof unspent funds from one bienniumto the next within the tenth financial period.

8.23 When considering the provision for the participation in the workof the co-ordinating bodies of the United Nations system, the view wasexpressed that there existed a large number of these bodies and that WMO'sparticipation in them should be guided by the benefits to be derived from suchparticipation.

Part 7

8.24 Under agenda item 9.1, Congress considered. the recommendation ofthe Executive Council to increase the principal of the Staff Compensation PlanReserve Fund from US $150 000 to US $200 000. It noted that this wouldinvolve a contribution of US $42 000 from the regular budget or the· equivalentof Swiss francs 63 000. Congress decided that this .should be done in phasesduring the tenth financial period following the procedure described inparagraph 8.6 above.

9.

9.1

ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL QUESTIONS (agenda item 9)

Financial report of the Secretary General (agenda item 9.1)

9.1.1 After careful examination of the overall financial situation ofthe Organization, Congress was satisfied that the financial resources madeavailal:>le to it had been administered in a manner consistent with the

GENERAL SUMMARY 97

provlslons of the Financial Regulations. However. the cash shortages beingexperienced have assumed alarming proportions.

9.1.2 Congress appreciated the actions taken by the Executive Council inthis connection. These included:

(a)

(b)

The postponement of the distribution of the remalnlng two-thirdsof the surplus for the eighth financial period; and

The recommendation to the Tenth Congress that the presentdefinition of the distributable surplus should be revised toexclude unpaid contributions.

Congress also commended the economy measures adopted by the Secretary-General.

9.1.3 In order that the Organization can enter the tenth financialperiod on a sound financial base. Congress decided. notwithstanding theFinancial Regulations. to approve the retention of accumulated defined surplusin the General Fund up to the amount of unpaid contributions and that suchsurplus be transferred to the Undistributable Surplus Reserve. at the close ofthe ninth financial period.

9.1.4Council torecorded in

The decision of Congress on the recommendation of the Executiverevise the present definition of the distributable surplus isparagraph 9.2.2.

9.1.5 Congress noted with satisfaction the payment . by some Members oftheir long-outstanding contributions. It also noted the serious situationarising from increasing arrears in payment of contributions due from a numberof Members. As a partial solution to the probl.em Congress decided to takethose measures described in paragraphs 9.3.2. 9.3.3. 9.3.6 and 9.3.7 andrequested the Executive Council to explore other measures. particularly thepossibility of utilization of local currencies for those Member States withlimited reserves of foreign currency.

9.1.6 Congress also decided that any surplus which might be available inthe PUblications Fund· should be carried over to this fund on 1 January 1988.Similarly. the agreement with ICSU provided that the balance of the JointClimate Research Fund be carried over to the next year.

9.1. 7 Congress noted that. due to the current UNDP rules ofreimbursement of support costs. substantial amounts were being paid to theTechnical Co-operation Fund as authorized by Ninth Congress (paragraph 4.4.4of the general summary of the abridged report thereof). The decision ofCongress in this connection is recorded in paragraphs 4.4.5 and 4.4.6.

9.1.8increase$150 000

Congress considered the recommendation of the Executivethe principal of the Staff Compensation Plan Reserve

to $200 000. It recorded its decision under agenda item 8.

Council toFund from

9.1.9 Congress noted with satisfaction that a new Tax ReimbursementAgreement (TRA) had been signed by WMO with the USA on 23 January 1987 wherebyreimbursements to WMO would commence effective 1 October 1987. Thesereimbursements ..ould cover the payments made by the Organization to staffmembers who are US citizens and are subject to national income taxation inrespect of the salaries and emoluments paid to them by WMO under the StaffRules.

98

9.2

GENERAL SUMMARY

Financial matters lagenda item 9.2)

9.2.1 Congress reviewed certain articles of the Financial Regulations ascontained in Resolution 36 ICg-IX). It noted that in order to meet changingcircumstances and requirements, certain provisions of these regulationsrequired amendment.

9.2.2 Congress considered the present definition anddistribution of the surplus to be unsound and decidedcontributions should be excluded from distributable surplus.

methods ofthat unpaid

9.2.3cyclefirst

Congress decided to adopt for the tenth financial period a budgetcomprising two bienniums within the four-year financial period, the

biennium starting on 1 January 1988, and the second on 1 January 1990.

9.2.4 Congress decided that it was no longer practical, or necessary torestrict the unit of currency for accounting purposes to that of the State inwhich the Organization had its headquarters, and agreed that the accountingrecords should be maintained in such currency or currencies as theSecretary-General deemed necessary.

9.2.5 Congress studied in depth the document presented by twelve Membersof WMO proposing that the Swiss franc be adopted as the unit of currency forbudgetary purposes.

9.2.6 Congress recognized the advantages that would accrue to Membersand to WMO by the adoption of this change, in view of wide fluctuations in therates of exchange. It noted that Organizations of similar size and nature asWMO, e.g. GATT, ITU, UPU and WIPO which had their headquarters in Switzerland,operated already. in Swiss francs. A majority of Members were in favour of theproposal to adopt the Swiss franc as the currency unit for budgetary purposes,but a minority had misgivings.

9.2.7 Finally, Congress adopted the Swiss franc as the currency unit forbudgetary purposes and decided to replace the words "US dollars"by the words"Swiss francs" in Financial Regulations: 3.2, 6.2, 8.5 and 14.2.

9.2. B Congress decided that at the commencement of the tenth financialperiod, 1 January 1988, amounts due to the Organization in respect of unpaidcontributions for prior years, shall be recalculated in Swiss francs at the UNexchange rate applicable for January 1988, and become payable in Swissfrancs. Likewise, amounts standing to the credit of Member States as. advancesto the Working Capital Fund and any surpluses distributable shall be convertedinto Swiss francS at the UN exchange rate for January 1988.

9.2.9 Consequent to the adoption of the Swiss franc as the unit ofcurrency for the regular budget the same unit of currency Shall be used forother related sUbsidiary funds, i.e. the Working Capital Fund, PublicationsFund, Joint Climate Research Fund and other funds and special accounts fundedfrom the regular budget or financed from Swiss franc sources.

GENERAL SUMMARY 99

9.2.10 In connectionResolution 28 ICg-X).

with these amendments Congress adopted

9.2.11 Considering that the switching over to the Swiss franc budgetwould result in stability in the budget and the reported expenditure of theOrganization, it was decided not to authorize additional expenditure inrespect of exchange rate fluctuations in the resolution on maximum expenditurefor the tenth financial period (1988-1991) (see Resolution 27 (Cg-X).

9.2.12 Congress considered a proposal of the President of WMO with therecommendation of the Executive Council to establish a Financial AdvisoryCommittee. It decided to approve the proposal and adopted Resolution 29ICg-X) .

9.2.13 Congress recalled its intention to maintain the capital value ofthe WMO building by allocating adequate financial resources for majormaintenance and repair work. In this connection, Congress took note of thevarious actions taken by the Executive Council and the Secretary-Generalconcerning major maintenance and repair work to the WMO Headquarters buildingduring the ninth financial period.

9.2.14 Congress noted that the rehabilitation of the south frontage ofthe original building as well as the modification of the waste-water disposalsystem had been completed.

9.2.15 Congress noted with regret that works estimated to costSw.Frs.800 000, i.e. construction of staircase for Salle I, installation of asmoke detection system and fire-proof doors, had to be postponed due to cashshortages in spite of the fact that the sum was appropriated by the ExecutiveCouncil for this purpose in the budgets for the years 1986 and 1987, withinthe limits of the maximum expenditure approved for the ninth financialperiod. Congress therefore authorized the Secretary-General to retain thisbudgetary allocation in a special account and to incur expenditure for thecompletion of the postponed works when cash resources became available.

9.2.16 Congress considered that some additional important work needed tobe done in order to maintain the capital value of the WMO building. Thisincluded the rehabilitation of the north frontage of the original building,the renovation of the tower frontages and the south frontage of the newbuilding, the construction of a fire escape staircase for Salle III and theinstallation of safety-measure devices against intrusions and theft. Congresstherefore authorized the Executive Council to make adequate financialprovisions for the execution of these works with the flexibility oftransferring funds from one year to the next. The financial implications werediscussed under agenda item 8.

9.2.17 Congress finally requested the Secretary-General to report on thismatter to Eleventh Congress.

100

9.3

GENERAL SUMMARY

Proportional contributions of Members (agenda item 9.3)

9.3.1 Congress examined in detail the three alternatives presented to itby the Executive Council. It considered that in view of the desirability tomove progressively towards the United Nations scale in the tenth financialperiod, the scheme giving equal weighting to the WMO scale for 1987 and the UNscale in force for the years 1986~1988 should be adopted. It thereforeadopted Resolution 30 (Cg~X) and requested the Executive Council to calculatethe advances due by each Member to the Working Capital Fund for the tenthfinancial period, as provided for in Financial Regulation 9.2, on theunderstanding that the level of the Working Capital Fund as established byResolution 44 (Cg-VIII) remained unchanged. For practical reasons theseadjustments would be made on the basis of the scale of contributions approvedfor the years 1990~199l.

9.3.2 Congress had before ita proposal by the Executive Council toadopt an arrangement by which interest earned would be refunded only to thoseMembers who had paid their contributions in full, Congress was made awarethat the proposal emanated from a similar arrangement recently put into forceby ICAO.

9.3.3 Congress decided to approve the incentive scheme for early paymentof contributions and adopted Resolution c 3l (Cg-X). It also approved a revisedtext for Financial Regulation 9.1 (see Resolution 28 (Cg-X».

9.3.4 Congress, noting that neither the Convention nor the FinancialRegulations made provision for the exemption of a Member from paying itsfinancial contribution, could not agree to exempt the Government of DemocraticKampuchea from paying past and future contributions.

9.3.5 Congressfinancial period atConvention.

confirmed the assessment of Lesotho for the eighththe minimum level in accordance with Article 24 of the

9.3.6 Congress noted the poor response to the invitation to defaultingMembers to enter into Repayment Agreements. It considered that in theinterest of international meteorology it was necessary for all Members to meettheir financial obligations to WMO. It decided to keep in force Resolution 39(Cg~IX) •

9.3.7Executivethe above

After considering this questCouncil, Congress decided to keepsUbject for the next financial per

on andn forceod.

as recommended by theResolution 3 (Cg-VIII) on

GENERAL SUMMARY 101

9.3.8 Upon the recommendation of the Executive Council and in view ofthe fact that the Organization was actually suffering from cash shortages,Congress decided to keep in force Resolution 45(Cg-VIII) for the tenthfinancial period. Congress reiterated that the Working. Capital Fund andborrowing authority should only be used to meet short-term cash shortagespending the receipt of contributions. The Secretary-General should devisecontingency plans and submit such plans to the Congress and the ExecutiveCouncil in case of shortfalls in total funding.

9.4 Staff matters (agenda item 9.4)

9.4.1 Tenth Congress noted the action taken by the Secretary-Generalduring the ninth financial period for the classification of the Secretariatposts in the Professional category, including those of directors, inaccordance with the Master Standard of classification of the InternationalCivil Service Commission.

9.4.2 Congress noted in this respect that the classification resultswere reported to the Executive Council at its thirty-sixth session inJune 1984 and that the Council authorized the Secretary-General to implementthe results of the classification of posts in the P.5 and higher categoriesduring the ninth financial period as and when the financial situation wouldpermit.

9.4.3 Congress noted also those classifications of posts at the directorlevel ami above as submitted to the Executive Council at its thirty-seventhand thirty-eighth sessions respectively in June 1985 and in June 1986 andwhich were implemented by the Secretary-General during the ninth financialperiod in compliance with the directives of the Executive Council.

9.4.4 Congress requesteddistribution in the Secretariatgrade distribution was· necessary.

Social Welfare Officer-----------

the Executive Counciland decide whether a

to study the graderestructuring in the

9.4.5. Congress decided that a half-time Social Welfare Officer shouldcontinue to be employed, on contract basis, in the Secretariat during thetenth financial period.

9.4.6 Congress requested the Secretary--(;eneral to study the feasibilityof funding the social welfare service of WMO through a joint scheme with oneor two other UN agencies in Geneva and report to the Executive Council. Theview was expressed that participation in such a scheme could result ineconomies and a more efficient social welfare service.

9.4.7 Congress noted the views expressed by the Executive Council on thequestion of establishing for the appointment of staff members at the directorlevel as well as any unclassified post. a procedure similar to that adoptedfor the appointment of the Deputy Secretary-General by Ninth Congress.

102 GENERAL SUMMARY

9.4.8 Congress considered and agreed to the recommendation of theExecutive Council that the procedure adopted by Ninth Congress for theappointment of the Deputy Secretary-General be kept in force during the tenthfinancial period.

9.4.9 Congress considered the procedure established by the ExecutiveCouncil for the appointment of the Assistant Secretary-General and adoptedthis procedure as follows:

(a)

(b)

In applying Article 21(b) of the Convention:

(i) The Secretary-General will bring to the Executive Councilfor its approval the name and qualifications of hisproposed appointee for the post of the AssistantSecretary-General before proceeding with the appointment;

(ii) The Secretary~Genera1. will also inform the ExecutiveCouncil in writing of the .names and qualifications of theother candidates;

(iii) In the case where the Executive Council does not approvethe proposed appointee. the Secretary-General will proposeanother candidate for approval by the Executive Council;

(iv) This procedure will be repeated. if and as necessary. untila candidate acceptable to both the Secretary-General andthe Executive Council is identified;

In addition to the provisions of Regulations 4.2 and 4.3 of theStaff Regulations. the Executive Council and the Secretary-General.in appointing the Assistant Secretary-General. should be guided bythe desirability of balanced appointments in the ExecutiveManagement of the Organization (composed of the Secretary-General.the Deputy Secretary-General and the Assistant Secretary-Generallto reflect. as far as possible. the totality of WMO Membership andexperience in the range of activi ties mentioned in Article 2 ofthe WMO Convention.

9.4.10 Congress noted the views expressed by a majority of .members of the \! Executive Council that with respect to the appointments of staff members at I

i director levels. the establishment of a procedure similar to that adopted for \i

lthe appointments of staff at ungraded levels would cause some posts at thesedirec.to.. r levelS..to r.emain vacant. for several mont..hs and thus ",ffect adversel.ythe lmplementabon of WMO programmes that are lmportant to Members of WMO.Congress therefore decided that the procedure for the appointment of staffmembers at director levels should remain as at present.--Qo~ditio~s_o~ fervic~ in_tge_~ QO~2n_Sys~e~ lS~l~rief._p~nfiQnf._eQu~a~iQn

gr~n~ ~nQ ~n~u~l_l~ayel

9.4.11 Congress noted the statement of the Staff Committee whichpresented the view that:

(a) "The purchasing power of the salaries of staff in the professionaland higher categories had been severely eroded in recent years.the decline being particularly accentuated since early 1985 as a

GENERAL SUMMARY 103

(b)

(c)

result of freezing of the post-adjustment element of remunerationand of currency fluctuations;

The prospective pensions of staff in professional and highercategories due to retire in the next few years had suffered asubstantial decline as a result of decisions of the UN GeneralAssembly. Even after many years of service, retiring staff couldnow not expect to receive a pension that was a reasonableproportion of their salary during final years of service;

The scope of the education grant and duration of annual leave hadbeen referred to the International Civil Service Commission (ICSC)for consideration by the UN General Assembly, these being part ofthe recommendations of the Group of High-Level IntergovernmentalExperts for the review of the efficiency, administrative andfinancial functioning of the UN ("Group of 18")."

9.4.12 Congress considered it important that staff had been accorded theopportunity to present their views to Congress and expressed its appreciationand recognition for their continuing devotion, and pointed out that thesuccess of the Organization and achievement of its goals depended to asignificant extent on the staff and their satisfactory treatment.

9.4.13 Congress expressed its concern at the distress and uncertaintycurrently being felt by professional staff as a result of the decline in thevalue of net remuneration in recent years and recognized the importance ofensuring that WMO was able to offer stable levels of remuneration and anadeguate pension scheme sufficient to recruit and maintain adeguatelygualified staff.

9.4.14 While acknowledging the need to contain administrative andpersonnel costs and reaffirming its commitment to the United Nations CommonSystem, Congress expressed the view that the terms of employment in the CommonSystem should take into account the genuine needs of staff in agencies outsideNew York.

9.4.15 Congress reguested the Secretary-General of WMO to draw theattention of the appropriate bodies of the Common System to these views and tocontinue his involvement with the organs of the Common System with a view tomeeting the objectives noted in paragraphs 9.4.12, 9.4.13 and 9.4.14 above.

9.5 Secretary-General's contract (agenda item 9.5)

9.5.1 Congress decided that the annual salary of the Secretary-Generalshould be US $70 419, taking into account the salaries of the Executive Headsof other comparable agencies. Congress also decided to authorize theExecutive Council to carry out any readjustment of salary which might becomenecessary if during the tenth financial period changes in the salary ofcomparable United Nations staff should occur.

9.5.2 Congress further decided that during the tenth financial periodthe representation allowance for the Secretary-General should be kept at itspresent level of US $11 400 per year.

9.5.3 Congress adopted in this connection Resolution 32 (Cg-X) to whichthe contract to be signed by the President of the Organization and theSecretary-General for the tenth financial period is attached.

104

10.

10.1

GENERAL SUMMARY

GENERAL AND LEGAL QUESTIONS (agenda item 10)

IMO and WMO prizes (agenda item 10.1)

10.1.1 Congress discussed the proposal earlier considered by theExecutive Council regarding the possible award of a WMO Prize in InternationalMeteorology and a WMO Prize in Operational Hydrology. It noted that theseprizes were meant to recognize outstanding service at the international levelrather than for scientific eminence in the relevant fields.

10.1.2 While Congress considered that there could be meritproposal. it decided. given the present financial situation, tofurther consideration to next Congress.

in thispostpone

10.2 Questions concerning the Convention (agenda item 10.2)

10.2.1· Congress noted the information compiled by the Secretary-Generalat the request of the Executive Council containing all decisions so far takenby Congress regarding the interpretation and application of the provisions ofArticle 28 of the WMO Convention which deals with the procedures for amendingthe Convention.

10.2.2 Congress decided to annex this compilation to the report of itssession as a useful reference (see the annex to this paragraph (Annex III».

10.3 Revision of the General Regulations (agenda item 10.3)

10.3.1 Congress examined the proposals by the Executive Council and otherconstituent bodies as well as by one Member of the Organization for new oramended General Regulations. In this connection. Congress adoptedResolution 33 (Cg-X) the annex of which gives the texts of these new oramended regulations.

10.3.2 Congress further considered the question of the term "designated"in General Regulation 141 and agreed to the recommendation of the ExecutiveCouncil that the term "designated" should continue to mean "elected" untilCongress decided otherwise.

10.3.3 Congress also noted thatfollowing statement on the applicationwith General Regulation 2 (f):

the Executive Council approved theof General Regulation 141 in conformity

"The final list of candidates for filling a vacant seat in theExecutive Council will be confined to those candidates corning fromthe same Region as the outgoing member of the Council".

10.3.4 Congress reviewed this statement by the Executive Council asprescribed under General Regulation 2 (f) and decided that it would be mOreappropriate to have the substance of this statement incorporated in Rule 15 ofthe Rules of Procedure of the Council rather than in the General Regulations.

10.3.5 Congress recognized the great importance of implementingdocumentation in Arabic for sessions of Congress. the Executive Council. theRegional Associations I. II and VI and the Technical Commissions. However.many Members expressed concern about possible additions to the budget. It wasthen agreed that. as funds became available. the Executive Council should

GENERAL SUMMARY 105

explore all possibilities of having Arabic documentation for the eleventhsession of Congress.

10.4 Review of the previous resolutions of Congress (agenda item 10.4)

Congress examined its previous resolutions in order that thosewhich no longer had a purpose or which had been replaced by new decisionsshould not remain in force. Congress decided that it was no longer necessaryto keep in force resolutions concerning changes to the Convention once thesechanges had been incorporated in the Basic Documents of the Organization (WMOPublication No. 15) and a revised edition reflecting the changes had beenissued. Congress accordingly adopted Resolution 34 (Cg-X).

10.5 Requests for membership of the Organization (agenda item 10.5)

There were no requests made to Tenth Congress for membership ofthe Organization.

11.

11.1

ELECTIONS AND APPOINTMENTS (agenda item 11)

Election of the President and Vice-Presidents of the Organization(agenda item 11.1)

11.1.1 Congress unanimously elected Mr Zou Jingmeng, Administrator of theState Meteorological Administration of Ghina, as President of the Org~ani"ation.

11.1.2 Congress elected, by secret ballot- Dr J.W. Zillman, Director ofMeteorology of Australia, as the First Vice-President.

11.1. 3

11.2

Congress also unanimously elected:

Comodoro . S. Alaimo, Director-General of the NationalMeteorological Service of Argentina, as the Second Vice-President;

Dr J.T. Houghton, Director-General of the Meteorological Office ofthe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, as theThird Vice-President.

Election of members of the Executive Council (agenda item 11.2)

11.2.1 Congress elected by acclamation Dr R.L. Kintanar, the outgoingPresident of the Organization, as a member of the Executive Council.

11.2.2 Congress elected the following as members of the Executive Councilto fill the remaining seats:

A.1. AbandahL.-K. AhialegbedziA.L. Alusa

JordanTogoKenya

lQ6

M. Bautista PerezM. BoulamaC. CandanedoA.M. EI-MasryH.L. FergusonC.A. GrezziR.E. HallgrenJu. A. IzraelY. KikuchiA. LebeauK. Mostefa-KaraA.D. MouraS. PalmieriF.M.Q. MalikH. ReiserV. RichterR.M. RomaihR..P. SarkerS.E. TandohP. ToubbeE. Zarate HernandezM.C. Zinyowera

GENERAL SUMMARY

SpainNigerPanamaEgyptCanadaUruguayUnited States of AmericaUnion of Soviet Socialist RepublicsJapanFranceAlgeriaBrazilItalyPakistanGermany, Federal Republic ofCzechoslovakiaSaudi ArabiaIndiaGhanaCameroonCosta RicaZimbabwe

11.3 Appointment of the Secretary-General (agenda item 11.3)

Congress unanimously appointed Professor G.O.P. Obasi as theSecretary-General of the Organization for the tenth financial period.

12.

IMO Lecture

IMO LECTURE AND SCIENTIFIC DISCUSSIONS (agenda item 12)

12.1 TheDr N.A. Phillipsscientific basis

sixth IMO Lecture was<USA). The subject of

for weather prediction".

delivered at Tenth Congress byhis lecture was "Development of a

12.2 The excellent lecture delivered by Dr Phillips was followed by alively discussion. Congress decided to place on record its great appreciationto Dr Phillips for his valuable contribution to the series of IMO Lectures.It noted with satisfaction that the study undertaken by Dr Phillips would bepublished by WMO in a suitable form.

12.3 Congress approved the continuation of the IMO Lecture andrequested the Executive Council to make the necessary arrangements for theseventh IMO Lecture to be delivered at Eleventh Congress.

Scientific discussions

12.4 A programme of scientific discussions had been arranged by theExecutive Council in accordance with the decisions of Ninth Congress. Thesubjects chosen, and the experts invited to deliver the lectures were asfollows:

GENERAL SUMMlIRY

Meteorological Services for AeronauticalActivities - Needs to be met by nationalMeteorological Services in the future:How to face the challenge

Meteorological Services for AeronauticalActivities - The impact of technologicaldevelopments on user requirements andprovision of services

Warning services including tropicalcyclones and intensive precipitation

An integrated system for weather andflood warnings in the United States

Marine meteorological services in thefuture

Meteorology and other geophysical andecological fields as a perspective forthe future development of WMO andnational services

J. Djigbenou

J. Kastelein

R.P. Sarker

R.E. Hallgren

T. Ono

Ju.A. Izrael(delivered byA.S. Zaitsev)

~07

12.5 The lectures were followed by keen and wide-ranging discussions.Congress greatly appreciated the opportunity to listen to these lectures byacknowledged experts and decided to place on record its sincere thanks to allthe lecturers. Congress also considered that it would be appropriate topublish the texts of the lectures in a suitable form and requested theSecretary-General to take appropriate astion.

12.6 Finally, Congress decided that a programme of scientific lecturesshould be arranged for Eleventh Congress and requested the Executive Councilto make the necessary arrangements.

13. PLACE AND DATE OF ELEVENTH CONGRESS (agenda item 13)

Congress decided that Eleventh Congress should be held in Genevafrom 1 to 26 May 1991, subject to any shortening of the duration which mightbe decided by the Executive Council.'

14. CLOSURE OF THE SESSION (agenda item 14)

Tenth Congress closed at 1,8.15 ,on 28 'May, 1987. "

RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY CONGRESS

1 (Cg-X) - TECHNICAL REGULATIONS OF THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

THE CONGRESS:

NOTING:

(1) Article 8 (d) of the Convention,

(2) Resolution 1 (Cg-IX)Meteorological Organization,

Technical Regulations of the World

(3) Resolution 12 (EC-XXXvII) - Report of the seventh session of theCommission for Hydrology,

(4) Recommendation 2 (CAgM-IX) - l\mendments to the WMO TechnicalRegulations,

ADOPTS:

(1) The revised Introduction to the WMO Technical Regulations and theamendments to Volumes I and III of the WMO Technical Regulations as given inthe annex* to this resolution;

(2)(Annex V toresolution;

The amendments to the Manual on the Global Observing Systemthe WMO 1'echnical Regulations) as given in the annex** to this

DECIDES that these amendments shall come into force on 1 July 1988;

FURTHER NOTING:

of ICAO ofPractices,3 to the

by the Counciland RecommendedNavigation, Annex

(1) The adoption on 27 March 1987l\mendment 67 to the International StandardsMeteorological Service for International AirConvention on International Civil Aviation,

(2) The prescription of 27 July 1987 as the date upon which theamendment becomes effective and 19 November 1987 as the date upon which theamendment becomes applicable,

CONSIDERING that in accordance with the agreement· between WMO andICAO, Annex 3 and WMO Technical Regulations,. Volume II. [C.3 ..1] should beidentical,

* The amended version of the Technical Regulations, as approved by TenthCongress, is published separately (WMO - No. 49).

** The amendments to the Manual on the Global Observing Systems, Volume L asapproved by Tenth Congress, are published separately (WMO - No. 544).

RESOLUTION 2 (Cg-X) 109

APPROVES the alignment of WMO Technical Regulations, Volume II [C.3.1]with Amendment 67 to ICAO Annex 3, as given in the annex* effective on19 November 1987.

* The amended version of the Technical Regulations, as approved by TenthCongress, is published separately (WMO - No. 49).

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 1 (Cg-IX), which will cease to bevalid from 1 July 1988.

2 (Cg-X) - WORLD WEATHER WATCH PROGRAMME FOR 1988-1991

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1 ) Resolution 21984-1987,

(Cg-IX) World Weather Watch Programme for

(2) Paragraph 3.1 of the general summary of the abridged report ofCg-IX,

(3) The Thirteenth Status Report on the Implementation of the WorldWeather Watch issued by the World Meteorological Organization in 1986,

(4) Resolution 32 (Cg-IX) - The WMO Voluntary Co-operation Programme,

(5) Resolution 3234 (XXIX) of the General Assembly of the UnitedNations - International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space,

EXPRESSES its ·satisfaction that progress has been made in the furtherimprovement of the operation of the WWW during the period 1984-1987, largelybecause of the increased use of meteorological satellites for observations,data collection and dissemination, the continuing efforts to introduce new andautomated observing capabilities, the remarkable increase in the capabilitiesof meteorological data-processing centres to offer a large number ofhigh-quality data and products and through the continued automation of centresand upgrading of circuits within the Global Telecommunication System;

REAFFIRMS its belief:

(1) That the World Weather Watch has the highest priority as thebasic WMO programme on which nearly all other programmes of the Organizationdepend;

(2) That the World Weather Watch provides the basis for the operationof meteorological and hydrological services as well as for most of the otherprogrammes of the WMO;

110 RESOLUTION 2 (Cg-X)

(3) That the World Weather Watch continues to provide an effectivemechanism to incorporate developments in science and technology intooperational meteorology so that full benefits can be reaped by all countriesof the world;

(4) That the World Weather Watch should be used only for peacefulpurposes, due account being taken of the national sovereignty and security ofStates, in accordance with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nationsand the spirit and traditions of the World Meteorological Organization;

CONSIDERING:

(1) That the application of advanced technology will open newpossibilities of improving the WWW system,

(2) That much remains to be done to develop the WWW to its fullpotential, in particular through the strengthening of the support functions ofthe WWW Programme,

DECIDES that the substance of the World Weather Watch Plan andImplementation Programme be as ind~cated in Volume 1, Part II of the SecondLong-term Plan of WMO adopted under Resolution 25 (Cg-X);

INVITES the regional associations and the Commission for Basic Systems:

(1) To recommend detai led programmes and procedures, as necessary,for the implementation of the WWW Plan during the period 1988-1991;

(2) To recommend technical co-operation activities needed to supportMembers in their implementation and operation of the WWW in accordance withthe programme;

(3) To keep the WWW Plan under continuous review and recommenddetailed adjustments in the light of Members' changing requirements anddevelopments in science and technology, bearing in mind the principles anddirectives laid down in the plan;

REQUESTS the Executive Council:

(1) To adjust the plan as necessary, particularly in the light of therecommendations made by the Commission for Basic Systems and the regionalassociations;

(2) To ensure that the further development and implementation of theWWW Programme is carried out in accordance with the plan and making use of theresults of the Operational WWW Systems Evaluations;

(3) To assist Members of the World Meteorological Organization in allpossible ways in meeting their respective responsibilities within the WWWProgramme;

(4) To promote theregarding the implementation,components, as appropriate;

establishment of co-operativeoperation and maintenance of

arrangementsWWW system

RESOLUTION 2 (Cg-lO 111

URGES all Members of the Organization, individually and throughappropriate multinational arrangements, to co-operate actively andenthusiastically, in the implementation and operation of the World WeatherWatch, in particular:

(1) To continue as far as possible to implement, operate and maintainthe surface-based sub-system of the GOS, especially in the data-sparse areasof the globe, and to ensure higher quality and regularity of observations;

(2) To implement, operate and maintain, and as far as possible toupgrade the Global Telecommunication System, including space-based datacollection and dissemination capabilities, to ensure the timely and reliablecollection and distribution of data and products;

(3) To develop, maintain and operate the space-based sub-system ofthe Global Observing System;

(4) To keep the Secretary-General fully informed about their plansand activities regarding the implementation of the WWW;

URGES those Members concerned withmeteorological satellites to co-ordinateSecretary-General so that all Members canmeteorological satellites;

the development andtheir activities

receive the maxirnwn

operation ofthrough thebenefit from

APPEALS to Meteorological Services of non-Member countries to applythe World Weather Watch concept;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General:

(1) To bring this resolution to the attention of all concerned;

(2) To keep Members of the World Meteorological Organization fullyinformed of progress and developments in the planning and implementation ofthe WWW programmes;

(3) To continue to provide the Monitoring and Operational InformationService relating to the implementation and operation of the World WeatherWatch;

(4) To strengthen, within the resources available and with thehighest priority, the WWW support functions;

(5) To assist Members, as necessary, in overcoming any difficultieswhich may arise in the implementation of the WWW Programme during the tenthfinancial period;

(6) To submit a report to the Eleventh World Meteorological Congresson the implementation of the plan during the tenth financial period togetherwith proposals for the continuation and further development of the WorldWeather Watch.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 2 (Cg-IX) which is no longer inforce.

112 RESOLUTION 3 (Cg-lO

3 (Cg-X) - WORLD WEATHER WATCH IMPLEMENTATION SUPPORT AND CO-ORDINATION

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Resolution 3 (Cg-IX) - World Weather Watch implementation support,

(2) Resolution 25 (Cg-X) - Second Long-term Plan, in particular, PartII, Volume 1 on the WWW Plan and Implementation Programme,

(3) The Thirteenth Status Report on the Implementation of the WorldWeather Watch, issued by WMO in 1986,

(4) Resolution 3 (EC-XXXVI) - Operational World Weather Watch SystemsEvaluations (OWSEs),

(5) Resolution 3 (EC-XXXVII) - Operational WWW Systems Evaluation North Atlantic (OWSE-NA),

CONSIDERING:

(1) That large data gaps still exist in the surface-based networks ofthe Global Observing System, particularly in the tropical belt, over theoceans and in remote land areas,

(2) That considerable shortcomings continue to exist in implementingand operating circuits and equipment of the Global Telecommunication System,

(3) That data processing and data management techniques are notalways consistent with the needs,

(4) That these deficiencies in the GOS, GTS and GDPS reduce theavailability and regularity of data and products in National. Regional andWorld Meteorological Centres which, in turn, severely reduce the capabilitiesof all Members to fulfil the WMO programmes in support of human needs asenvisaged in the Long-term Plan,

(5) That, in view of increasing requirements, combined with limitedresources available worldwide for the implementation and operation of the WWWsystems, overall co-ordination of Members' efforts to improve the capabilitiesof the WWW will ensure optimum effectiveness,

(6) That the speed, cost and impact of technological innovation callsfor special efforts in the provision of technical guidance and specializedtraining to ensure an orderly implementation and reliable operation of the WWWcomponents,

(7) That combined efforts of Members may be needed to implement.operate and maintain certain key components in the WWW,

EXPRESSES its firm opinion that intensified and co-ordinatedactivities in support of the implementation, operation and maintenance of theWWW are needed to meet the objectives of the WMO Long-term Plan and maximizethe benefits available to all Members;

ENCOURAGES Members:


(1) To co-ordinate and pool their national efforts and resources, aswell as their requests for technical assistance, in order to establishrealistic goals, minimize the implementation and operational costs, and avoidduplication of WWW activities as far as possible;

(2) To contribute actively to joint efforts aimed at improving WWWfacilities;

DECIDESImplementationpriority in the

that special attentionSupport and Implementationfollowing areas:

should be given to theCo-ordination activities,

WWWwith

(a) Continuity of existing vital WWW facilities;

(b) Improving the efficiency of WWW operations;

(c) Consolidation and improvement of the WWW system by introducingnew technology as necessary and appropriate;

(d) Efficient use of available resources in support of the objectives(a) to (c) above;

REQUESTS the Executive Council, within its role of monitoring theimplementation and operation of the WWW.toidentify appropriate initiativeswhich might be pursued by Members and/or groups of Members, to maximize thevalue of the WWW;


(1) To identify, in co-operation with the CommissionSystems, the types and forms of efforts required to implement theglobal WWW system and arrange for effective mechanisms to carryefforts;

for Basicintegratedout these

(2) To establish, upon recommendation of the Commission for BasicSystems, guidelines and priorities for the consolidation and furtherimplementation of key WWW facilities;

(3) To review on a yearly basis the results of these efforts toimprove the WWW and to submit to Eleventh Congress a comprehensive evaluationon the progress achieved;

(4) To assist the Executive Council and the appropriate bodies, e.g.the regional associations, the Commission for Basic Systems and the Commissionfor Instruments and Methods of Observation to arrange for the necessaryfollow-up action in support of the implementation and further development ofthe WWW;

(5) To provide, as far as possible, the necessary administrative andtechnical support for initiatives directed toward the early implementation andoperation of new and improved WWW capabilities.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 3 (Cg-IX), which is no longer inforce.


4 (Cg-lO - METEOROLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL ASPECTS CONCERNING ACCIDENTALRELEASE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS WITH POTENTIAL TRANSBOUNDARY EFFECTS

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Paragraphs 3.1.43 to 3.1.48 of the general summary of theabridged report of the thirty-eighth session of the Executive Council,

(2) The Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident whichcame into force on 27 October 1985,

(3) With appreciation the action taken by the Secretary-General, theExecutive Council and its Ad Hoc Group of Experts on OperationalMeteorological Aspects concerning the Emission of Hazardous Materials into theAtmosphere and Atmospheric Emergency Responses,

CONSIDERING the serious implications to human health and life of anaccidental release of radioactive, chemical or other hazardous materials intothe atmosphere and into bodies of international waters, as well as harmfuleffects on the environment,

CONSIDERING FURTHER the need for close international co-operation toreduce the dangerous effects in case of the flow of hazardous materials acrossnational boundaries,

RECOGNIZING:

(1) That national responsibilities for providing meteorological andhydrological data, information and forecasts, which are required by designatedauthorities deciding on possible national countermeasures in case of anaccidental release of hazardous materials into the atmosphere, are normallywith the national Meteorological/Hydrological Services,

(2) That international proceduresmeteorological and operational hydrologicaltransboundary flow of hazardous materials,co-ordinating the work in this field, should be

for co-ordinated actions onaspects regarding a possibleas well as a mechanism forset up by WMO,

URGES Members; with respect to the foreseen transport. dispersion,deposition and concentration of hazardous materials in the atmosphere and inbodies of international waters:

(I) To develop and strengthen theirgovernmental authorities appropriate informationnuclear, chemical or other similar accidents;

capability toand advice in

provide tothe case of

(2) To further promote the development of operational methodology,including numerical models;

(3) To continue strengthening national Observing and measuringsystems;


(4) To participate in internationally co-ordinated activitiesrelating to the exchange of meteorological, hydrological and radiological andother relevant data and information;

INVITES the Commission for Basic Systems:

(1) To consolidate the overall requirements for:

(a) Meteorological/radiological and other relevant data;

(b) Specialized products, e.g. transport/dispersion/depositionmodel outputs;

(c) GTS distribution and exchange formats, as appropriate,

which, within the WWW and in real-time, are to be exchanged between Members inthe case of transboundary flow of hazardous materials in the atmosphere;

(2) To keep under review the developments under (1) and makeproposals to the Executive Council on necessary amendments to the WMOTechnical Regulations and WWW Manuals and Guides in order to ensure the properand efficient functioning of the WWW system in the case of transboundary flowof hazardous material in the atmosphere;

INVITES the Commission for Hydrology to co-ordinatehydrological aspects of nuclear water pollution resultingrelease in the case of nuclear accidents;

the operationalfrom accidental

INVITES the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences to keep under reviewresearch developments in the field of atmospheric transport/dispersion/deposition models and to make appropriate proposals to the Executive Council on thedesirable course of action, in particular the implementation of specificresearch projects with high priority, in consultation with the Commission forBasic Systems;

FURTHER INVITES regional associations to consider and, whenappropriate, recommend to the Executive Council specific regional actionrequired related to transboundary flow of nuclear, chemical or other hazardousmaterials in the atmosphere and in bodies of international waters;


(1) To establish an appropriate mechanism and maintain a relevant ECGroup of Experts in order to ensure the overall co-ordination within WMO ofthe action required relating to the meteorological and operationalhydrological aspects of accidental release of radioactive and other hazardousmaterials in the air or water across national boundaries;

(2) To report to Eleventh Congress on the progress achieved and tosubmit proposals for further activities in this field;




(2) To continue the collaboration with othersuch as the International Atomic Energy AgencyOrganization (WHO) and United Nations Environmentappropriate;

international agencies,(IAEA) , World HealthProgramme (UNEP) , as

(3) To make necessary arrangements for the adherence of WMO to theConvention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and Convention onAssistance in Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency.

5 (Cg-X) - TROPICAL CYCLONE PROGRAMME

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Resolution 32/196A of the UN General Assembly,

(2) The status reports on the implementation of the WMO TropicalCyclone Programme issued annually since 1980,

NOTING FURTHER, with appreciation:

(1) The contributions of Members to the activities conducted underthe general component of the Tropical Cyclone Programme,

(2) The success of the programmes carried out by the five regionaltropical cyclone bodies,

(3) The invaluable assistance provided to support this work throughUNDP, the WMO Voluntary Co-operation Programme and bilateral arrangements,

(4) The fruitful and developing co-operation with other internationalorganizations, especially the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and thePacific (ESCAP), Office of the United Nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinator(UNDRO), League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LRCS) and the SouthPacific Bureau for Economic Co-operation (SPEC),

EXPRESSES its satisfaction with the progress so far achieved inimplementing the Tropical Cyclone Programme, particularly with regard to theimprovements to the operational system resulting from the programmes of theregional tropical cyclone bodies and to the valuable guidance materialpublished under the general component of the programme;

REAFFIRMS its grave concern at the heavy loss of life and severedamage still being caused by tropical cyclones in many areas of the world andthe human suffering and economic losses resulting from them;

CONSIDERS that, whilst the measures already taken under the TropicalCyclone Programme have helped many countries to improve their protectivesystems, continued and more vigorous action to combat the adverse effects oftropical cyclones is a high priority requirement;

DECIDES:


(1) That the WMO Tropical Cyclone Programme shall be continued andfurther strengthened in the years ahead;

(2) That the substance of the Tropical Cyclone Programme be asindicated in Programme 1. 7, Section C, Volume 1. Part II of the Second WMOLong-term Plan adopted under Resolution 25 (Cg-X);

APPEALS to Members and international organizations participating inthe WMO Tropical Cyclone Programme to give, wherever possible, increasedsupport to these activities by contributing the resources essential for theirexpeditious implementation;



(2) To keep Members concerned fully informed of progress anddevelopments in the planning and implementation of the programme;

(3) To assist cyclone-prone Members in their efforts to safeguardpeople and property from tropical cyclones by supporting, to the maximumextent possible within the available budgetary resources, activities relatedto the programme and especially those directly linked with the provision ofaccurate and timely warnings and the organization of proper .community response;

(4) To encourage interaction and co-operation between the TropicalCyclone Programme and the Tropical Meteorology Research Programme to ensurethe transfer of research results to operational services.


6 (Cg-X) - INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION PROGRAMME

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Resolution 11 (Cg-IX) - WMO Programme on Instruments and Methodsof Observation,

(2) Resolution 5 (EC-XXXVIII) - Report of the ninth session of theCommission for Instruments and Methods of Observation,

CONSIDERING:

(1) The paramount importance of the prov1slon of high quality andcompatible data at an appropriate spatial density and at a reasonable cost,


(2) That the Instruments and Methods of Observation Programme has theultimate aim of steadily improving the quality of meteorological data,

(3) That the Organization's instruments and methods of observationactivities are vital to the success of all WMO programmes, as well as to theability of many Members to participate in and benefit from these programmes,

(4) The importance of the increased use of new technology inparticular for the automation of observations,

(5)specialistssystems,

The ever increasing demand for specialized training of instrumentand technicians for the operation and maintenance of observing

(6) The increase in the availability of data from sources other thanthe national Meteorological Services,

DECIDES:

(1) That the substance of the Instruments and Methods of ObservationProgramme be as indicated in Part II, Volume 1 of the Second Long-term Plan ofWMO adopted under Resolution 25 (Cg-X);

(2) That the activities under theObservation Programme for the tenth financialconsolidated programme and budget, 1988-1991 as

URGES Members:

Instruments and Methodsperiod be as indicated inapproved by Tenth Congress;

ofthe

(1) To collaborate actively in, and to give all possible support tothe implementation of the Organization's instruments and methods ofobservation activities;

(2)comparisonsinstrumentscomparisonsat stations

To participate, as appropriate, in international and regionalfor evaluating and comparing the performance of meteorological

and new methods of observation and to apply the results of theseto meteorological instruments and new methods of observation usedin their control;

(3) To continue and, if possible, increase their activities for thedevelopment of new observing systems including the development- ot; _improvedsensors and standard algorithms for automatic weather stations andconventional and remote sensing upper-air sounding systems;

(4-) To ensure the training _of instrument specialists and techniciansthrough national and regional training programmes and to continue theirefforts for this purpose at the regional level by using all possible technicalmeans and possibilities available;

(5) To continue to develop methods for quality control or validationof data received from all sources;

INVITES:

(11

to undertakePlan;

The presidents of regional associations and technical commissionsthe roles identified in Part II, Volume 1 of the Second Long-term


(2) The presidents of technical commissions to keep under continuousstudy and review the instruments and methods of observation problems relatedto their fields of specialization;

REQUESTS the Executive Council to take all necessary actions to enablethe Instruments and Methods of Observation Programme to meet its objectivesunder the Second Long-term Plan;


(1) To ensure, within the availableeffective overall co-ordination of instrumentsmatters within the WMO Secretariat;

budgetaryand methods

resources, theof observation

(2) To continue, within the available budgetary resources, to provideassistance and advice to Members in the field of instruments and methods ofobservation.


7 (Cg-X) - WMO SATELLITE ACTIVITIES

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Resolution 13 (Cg-IX) - WMO Satellite Activities,

(2) The Second WMO Long-term Plan (1988-1997),

CONSIDERING:

(1) That polar-orbiting and geostationary meteorological satellitesare vital components of the World Weather Watch and playa critical role forthe meteorological and hydrological services provided by Members at theglobal, regional and national levels,

(2) That the continued operation of meteorological satellites, bothpolar-orbiting and geostationary, in their observation, data-collection anddissemination roles is essential,

(3) That there is a great community of interest between the needs ofall Members and of those Members who maintain satellite systems formeteorological purposes,

(4)pursuit ofoperational

That WMO needs to participate actively in the internationalways to assure a continuous and reliable global network of

meteorological satellites,

120

(5)in relationor planned,

RESOLUTION 7 (Gg-X)

That it is important for WMO to follow closely the developmentsto various oceanic and other environmental satellites now in orbit

(6) The need for co-ordination of the activities of all Members whodevelop and/or operate meteorological, oceanic and other environmentalsatellites and all the users of satellite data,

URGES:

(1) Members concerned to maintain the polar-orbiting andgeostationary satellite systems and to make the satellite data available toother Members;

(2) All Members to consider the overall value of the global satellitesystem to the operational meteorological, hydrological and oceanic servicesthey provide and to consider what action they would be prepared to take toensure the continued operation of this system;

(3) Those Members who are prepared to develop and launchmeteorological and other environmental satellites to co-ordinate theiractivities and keep the Secretary-General informed in a timely manner so thatall Members can prepare in time for the use of the satellites and thereforereceive the maximum benefit from such satellites;


(1) To continue itsprogramme activities of WMO,common requirements of users;

role in co-ordinating satellite matters inespecially the co-ordination to establish the

(2) To explore, with those governments operating satellites andothers as' necessary, means of realizing a robust and reliable global networkof geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites to meet the requirements ofmeteorological and hydrological services;

(3) To explore and encourage arrangements by which a more equitablesharing among nations of the cost of meteorological satellites can be achieved;

(4) To assure appropriate consideration .of satellite technology inthe WMO long-term plans on the basis of plans by existing and potentialoperators of meteorological satellite systems during the period of the plan;


(1) To follow closely the developments in relation to meteorological,oceanic and other environmental satellite systems and to ensure that WMOparticipates actively in the international pursuit for assuring the continuityand reliability of satellite data;

(2) To provide Secretariat support of satellite activities within theavailable budgetary resources;


(3) To seek the collaboration oC and possible financial supportfrom, other international organizations, including the UN Outer Space AffairsDivision, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) ,Office of the United Nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinator (UNDRO), andCommittee for Space Research (COSPAR), especially with respect to educationand training for the applications of satellite technology;

(4) To report to Eleventh Congress on the progress achieved and tosubmit proposals for the future.


8 (Cg-X) - THE WORLD CLIMATE PROGRAMME

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Resolution 14 (Cg-IX) - World Climate Progranune,

(2) Resolution 15 (Cg~IX) - The World Climate Applications Programme,

(3) Resolution 17 (Cg-IX) - World Climate Data Programme,

(4) .. Resolution 18 (Cg~IX) - World Climate -Res-earch Programme,

(5) Resolution 17 (EC-XXXIV) - Advisory Committee for the WorldClimate Applications and Data Programmes.

(6) The reports to Tenth Congress on the implementation of the WorldClimate Programme,

(7) Report of the International Conference on the Assessment of theRole of Carbon Dioxide and of other Greenhouse Gases in Climate Variations andAssociated Impacts, Villach, Austria, 9-15 October 1985 (WMO-No.661),

(8) The WMO Second Long-term Plan 1988-1997,

RECOGNIZING that the fulfilment of the objectives of the World ClimateProgramme can provide the basis for significant improvements in the ability ofMembers to provide services to national economic and social development,

EXPRESSES its satisfaction with the progress achieved in thedevelopment of detailed plans for the different components of the WorldClimate Programme and their implementation with the valuable co-operation ofthe International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU), United NationsEnvironment Programme (UNEP), Food and Agriculture Organization of the UnitedNations (FAO) , United Nations Educational, Scientific and CulturalOrganization (Unesco) and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission(IOC) , the World Energy Conference (WEC). the Consultative Group onInternational Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and other internationalorganizations;

122

CONSIDERING:

RESOLUXION 2 (G~~)

(1) That the World Climate Programme (WCP) provides the basis andframework for all scientific and technical aspects of climate and climatesystem fluctuations including data, applications, research, and impact studies,

(2) That a need exists for the further elaboration and implementationof the plans for the World Climate Programme contained in the WMO SecondLong-term Plan, as well as for a mechanism to achieve co-ordination of theentire programme,

REAFFIRMS the statement of Ninth Congress that the World ClimateProgramme should be used only for peaceful purposes, due account being takenof the national sovereignty and security of States, in accordance with theprovisions of the Charter of the United Nations and the spirit and traditionsof the World Meteorological Organization;

DECIDES:

(1) That the substance of thein Part II, Volume 2 of the SecondResolution 25 (Cg-X); and that thecomponents:

World Climate Programme be as indicatedLong-term Plan of WMO adopted under

WCP consist of the following four

World Climate Data Programme (WCDP);World Climate Applications Programme (WCAP);World Climate Impact Studies Programme (WCIP) being implementedby UNEP;World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) being implemented by ICSUand WMO;

(2) That WMO should continue to take the lead in the overallco-ordination of the World Climate Programme;

URGES Members to promote national climate activities and to utilizethe World Climate Programme, as necessary, to strengthen their services insupport of national economic and social development and reducing hazards fromnatural disasters.


(1) To conduct an annual review of the progress and future activitiesof the WCP;

(2) To make provision, as necessary, for meetings of establishedco-ordination bodies of the WCP;

(3) To make arrangements for the convening of a second World ClimateConference in co-operation with UNEP, ICSU and other international agencies inlate 1989 or early 1990, which will review all aspects of the World ClimateProgramme with emphasis on the economic benefits of climate applications,especially in developing countries;

REQUESTS the technical commissions to give high priority to theimplementation of those aspects of WCP activities which fall within the areaof their competence and responsibility;


REQUESTS the regional associations to give particular attention toregional aspects of WCP;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General, within available budgetary resources:

(1) To take necessary actions to assist all bodies concerned inimplementing the World Climate Programme in accordance with DECIDES (1);

(2) To continue his leadership role in co-ordinating all aspects ofthe World Climate Programme;

(3) To continue to pursue a vigorous climate data and applicationsprogramme so that Members are able to benefit from the programme and provideclimate services for the social and economic development of their country;

(4) To report annually to the Executive Council on the progress andfuture activities of the WCP;

(5) To report to Eleventh Congress on the progress achieved and tosubmit proposals for the future.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolutions 14, 15, 17 and 18 CCg-IX), whichare no longer in force.

9 (Cg-X) - GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

THE CONGRESS,

RECOGNIZING:

(1) That the World Climate Research Programme is concerned with bothclimate prediction and man's influence on climate,

(2) That national and international studies have led to theconclusion that a global climate change will ensue from increases in theconcentrations of greenhouse gases and that this climate change could havepotentially serious consequences on society,

(3) That participation of many disciplines is necessary to understandthe effects of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases on the earth'sclimate and particularly on ways in which these changes may impactsocia-economic patterns and institutions,

(4) That the World Climate Research Programme is emphasizingstudy of long-term climate perturbations that are likely to ariseincreasing concentrations of greenhouse gases,

thefrom

(5) That WMO has the mandate and capability to take ainternationally on matters related to the science of meteorology,the increasingly important field of atmospheric chemistry,

lead roleespecially

124

AGREES:

RESOLUTION 10 (Cg-X)

(1) That the World Climate Programme, relying on Members of WMO,jointly with International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) and UnitedNations Environment Programme (UNEP) , is capable of addressing all scientificaspects of global climate change, including the collection and analysis ofdata and the application of current knowledge to aspects of human endeavour,

(2) That the WMO, through theresponsibility to provide Members withlong~term changes in the global climate,

World Climate Programme, has astate-of-the-art projections of

REQUESTS Members to undertake or expand the monitoring and study ofclimatically important atmospheric constituents and their effects;


(1) To keep under review existing international co-ordinatingmechanisms for addressing scientific aspects of greenhouse gases;

(2) To keep under review the progress of the World Climate ResearchProgramme in ,understanding the role of greenhouse gases within the globalclimate system and the ability to predict global climate change;

(3) To keep under review the co-ordination ofResearch Programme with international programmes dealingchemistry and related environmental impacts.

10 (Cg-X) - WORLD CLIMATE RESEARCH PROGRAMME

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

the World Climatewith atmospheric

(1) Resolution 18 (Cg-IX) - World Climate Research Programme,

(2 )

ScientificPublication

The AgreementUnions (ICSU)No. 540),

betweenon the

WMO and theWorld Climate

International Council ofResearch Programme (WMO

RECOGNIZING the scientific importance of understanding the physicalprocesses which control climate, in view of the increasing vulnerability ofsocial and economic conditions to climatic fluctuations and the possibilitythat human activities may now be reaching a scale which could influence localand global climate,

CONSIDERING:

(1) That theProgramme providesinternational planning

WMO/ICSU Agreement on the World Climatean effective institutional arrangementand co-ordination of research on climate,

Researchfor the

(2) That the Joint Scientific Committee, established by WMO and ICSU,has been successful in providing scientific guidance to the Programme andpreparing effective plans for its implementation,

RESOLUTION 11 CCg-X) 125

DECIDES to approve the continuation of the Agreement between WMO andICSU for the conduct of the World Climate Research Programme;

INVITES Members to take all possible steps to support theimplementation of the World Climate Research Programme, with emphasis on thedevelopment and exploitation of numerical models of the climate system,implementation of new observing and data management systems, and exchange ofmeteorological and climatological data for research;

REQUESTS the Executive Council and the Secretary-General, asappropriate and within available budgetary resources, to continue toco-operate with ICSU and other governmental and non-governmentalorganizations, in order to promote progress in global climate research and thestudy of global environmental changes.

11 (Qg-X) - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Resolution 12 (Cg-VII) - Weather Modification Programme,

(2) Resolution 27 (Cg-VIII) - Weather Modification Programme,

(3) Resolution 19 (Cg-IX) - WMO Programme on Short- and Medium-rangeWeather Prediction Research (PSMP),

(4) Resolution 20 CCg-IX) "- WMO Programme on Long-range ForecastingResearch (PLRF),

(5) Resolution 21 (Cg-IX) - WMO Tropical Meteorology Programme,

(6) Resolution 22 (Cg-IX) - Environmental Pollution Monitoring andResearch Programme,

(7) Resolution 23 (Cg-IX) - Precipitation Enhancement Project,

(8) Resolution 24 (Cg-IX) Weather modification,

(9) Resolution 10 (EC-XXXV) - Environmental Pollution Monitoring andResearch Programme,

(10) The report of the president of the Commission for AtmosphericSciences,

CONSIDERING:

(1) That the Research and Development Programme (RDP), being thecentral focus of the research activity in WMO, is aimed at fostering researchin meteorology and related fields, with a view to enabling Members to providebetter services in their various areas of responsibility,


(2) That an essential component of the RDP is the transfer oftechnology and proven methodology to all Members,

(3)

predictionimprovement

That the high priority being given within RDPresearch on all time scales meets with Members'of weather analysis and forecasting,

to weatherneeds for

(4) The importance of tropical meteorology research, particularly forcountries, both developing and developed, in tropical and sub-tropical zones,

(5) That WMO has to contribute to the wise use and protection of theatmospheric environment,

(6) The continued need to maintain the efforts of Members in researchand development in cloud physics, weather modification and related fields andthe increasing recognition of the relevancy of cloud physics to weatherforecasting, climate research and atmospheric chemistry,

FURTHER NOTING that the Research and Development Programme contributessubstantially to the WMO programmes of global priority for the next decade(Le. the World Weather Watch Programme, the World Climate Programme, theEducation and Training Programme and the Technical Co-operation Programme),

DECIDES:

(1) That the substance of the Research and Development Programme, andhence the Programme on Short- and Medium-range Weather Prediction, theProgramme on Long-range Forecasting Research, the Tropical MeteorologyResearch Programme, the Environmental Pollution Monitoring and ResearchProgramme and the Cloud Physics and Weather Modification Research Programme,be as indicated in Part II, Volume 3 of the Second Long-term Plan of WMOadopted under Resolution 25 (Cg-X);

(2) That education and training aspects be included in all programmecomponents of the RDP;

(3) That, in the implementation of the Research and DevelopmentProgramme, WMO should continue to co-operate, as necessary, with the UnitedNations Environment Programme (UNEP), the International Council of ScientificUnions (ICSU) and other relevant agencies;

(4) That the WMO International Meteorological Vocabulary should becompleted and printed, as soon as practical, in one edition consisting ofEnglish, French, Spanish and Russian languages as proposed by CAS-IX;

INVITES MEMBERS to give all possible support to the implementation ofthe five component programmes of the Research and Development Programme;

REQUESTS the president of the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences(CAS):

(1) To arrange for the implementation of WMO activities in thespecific areas covered by the Research and Development Programme;

(2) To co-ordinate the CAS activity in the implementation of theResearch and Development Programme with other relevant bodies of WMO and otherinternational organizations;


(3) To assure prov1s1on of assistance and advice with respect to theWMO Education and Training Programme;

(4) To ensure that CAS address further attentioninterrelationships between cloud chemistry and cloud physics;


to the

(1) To take, within available budgetary resources, all necessaryactions towards the fullest possible implementation of the Research andDevelopment Programme, in accordance with the Second Long-term Plan;

(2) To support the work of the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences,and other bodies concerned, in the development of component programmes of theResearch and Development Programme;

(3) To continue its co-ordinating role regarding the EnvironmentalPollution Monitoring and Research Programme and the Cloud Physics and WeatherModification Research Programme through the EC Panel of Experts/CAS WorkingGroup on Environmental Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry and the EC Panel ofExperts on Weather Modification/CAS Working Group on Cloud Physics and WeatherModification;

(4) To take such actions asInternational Meteorological Vocabularyby CAS-IX so it can be distributedmeteorological community;


necessary to ensure that the WMOis completed and printed as proposedwidely throughout the international


(2) To take all necessary action, within available budgetaryresources, for the implementation of the prograrnrne;

(3) To devote particular attention to the education and trainingaspects of the Research and Development Programme;

(4) To assist Members participating in the programme by facilitatingthe training and exchange of scientists particularly those from developingcountries, within available budgetary resources;

(5) To take all necessary action to develop and maintaincollaboration with other agencies, such as United Nations EnvironmentProgramme (UNEP), which can contribute to the implementation of the programmeand to seek further financial support from such agencies;

(6) To take all necessary action to ensure the publication of the WMOInternational Meteorological Vocabulary as quickly as possible.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolutions 12 (Cg-VII), 27 (Cg-VIII) and 19to 24 (Cg-IX), which are no longer in force.


12 (Cg-X) - AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Resolution 16 (Cg-IX) - The Agricultural Meteorology Programme,

(2) Resolution 18 (Cg-VIII) - WMO activities in contribution to thecombat against desertification,

(3)· The report of the ninth session of the Commission forAgricultural Meteorology,

RECOGNIZING:

(1) That food production remains a high priority in many countries ofthe world,

(2) That agrometeorology has a considerable potential to help improvethe quality and yield in agricultural production; to reduce risks, losses andcosts; to reduce pollution by agricultural chemicals; and to increase theefficiency of use of water and energy in agriculture,

(3) That meteorological services for agriculture need to be furtherdeveloped in many countries, including even those with advancedagrometeorological services in order to maintain efficiency in food production,

(4) That all Members of the World Meteorological Organization havethe responsibility to ensure that full use is made of all availablemeteorological and hydrological knowledge and information for agriculturalplanning and operations at the national level,

DECIDES that the substance of the Agricultural Meteorology Programmebe as indicated in Part II, Volume 4, Section 1 of the Second Long-term Planof WMO adopted under Resolution 25 (Cg-X);

URGES all Members:

(1) To continue to promote the full use of meteorological andhydrological information in national agricultural activities and programmes,taking into account the Agricultural Meteorology Programme;

(2) To provide maximum co-operation in carrying out the internationalaspects of the priority activities of the Agricultural Meteorology Programme;

(3) To promote a timelyhydrological information, includingthese priority activities. Datastandardized format;

flow of reliable meteorological anddata collected by satellites, relevant towhich are exchanged should be in a

(4) To develop, teach, exchange and publicize the methods ofmeteorology and hydrology applied to these priority activities;


REQUESTS the Executive Council to conduct an annual review of progressin, and to decide on adjustments to the plans of, the Agricultural MeteorologyProgranune;

FURTHER REQUESTS the Executive Council to encourage Members to carryout pilot projects to demonstrate the benefits of agrometeorologicalinformation to agricultural production, and to assist Members in implementingthese" projects;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General, within available budgetary resources:

(l) To assist Members in the development of their agrometeorologicalservices and the implementation of pilot projects;

(2) To assist Members in the implementation of the national aspectsof the priority activities of the Long-term Plan;

(3) To assist regional associations and their subsidiary bodies toimplement the regional aspects of these priority activities;

(4) To continue co-operation with other international organizationsin the implementation of these activities;

(5)agriculturallanguages of

To promote the translation and dissemination of publications inmeteorology that are of interest to all Members into the workingthe Organization.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 16 (Cg-IX) and Resolution 18(Cg-VIIII,which are no longer in force.

13 (Cg-X) - AERONAUTICAL METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Resolution 10 (Cg-IX) - WMO Aeronautical Meteorology Progranune,

(2) The report of the eighth session of the Conunission forAeronautical Meteorology (CAeM),

CONSIDERING:

(l) That a need exists for continuing efforts in the scientific,technical and procedural aspects of aeronautical meteorology to ensure theprovision of timely and adequate meteorological services to fully meet therequirements of rapidly evolving aviation operations,

(2 I That close co-operation between WMO and the International CivilAviation Organization (lCAO) is essential to reach this objective,

130

DECIDES:

RESOLUTION 14 lCg-X)

(1) That the substance of the Aeronautical Meteorology Progranune beas indicated in Part II, Volume 4, Section 4.2 of the Second Long-term Plan of\~IO adopted under Resolution 25 lCg-X);

(2) That the activities under the Aeronautical Meteorology Progranunefor the tenth financial period be as indicated in the consolidated progranuneand budget, 1988-1991, as approved by Tenth Congress;

URGES Members to collaboratesupport to the implementation of theProgranune;

actively in, and give all possibleOrganization's Aeronautical Meteorology

REQUESTS the Executive Council, with the assistance of the Conunissionfor Aeronautical Meteorology and other technical conunissions concerned, topromote the implementation of the Aeronautical Meteorology Progranune;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General within available budgetary resources:

II) To assist in the implementation of the progranune;

(2) To collaborate in the implementation of the progranune with ICAOand other interested international organizations.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 10 lCg-IX), which is no longer inforce.

14 lCg-X) - MARINE METEOROLOGY AND ASSOCIATED OCEANOGRAPHIC ACTIVITIES FOR THEPERIOD 1988-1991

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

II) Resolution 14 lCg-VIII) - WMO's participation in the developmentand implementation of the Long-term and Expanded Progranune of OceanicExploration and Research,

(2) Resolution 15 lCg-VIII) - Co-ordination of marine activities,

(3) Resolution 6 lCg-IX) Marine meteorological and relatedoceanographic activities for the period 1984-1987,

(4) Resolution 7 lCg-IX)observation and data collection,

Systems and techniques for marine

(5) Resolution 8 lCg-IX) - Integrated Global Ocean Services System,

(6) The report of the president of the Conunission for MarineMeteorology (CMM),

CONSIDERING:


(1) That a continued concerted effort by Members is needed in orderthat marine meteorological and related oceanographic services may meet thelevel and standards required internationally, in particular in respect ofservices provided for the safety of life and property at sea,

(2) That an increasing number of developing countries will beinvolved in the implementation of their responsibilities regarding the issueof weather and sea bulletins as specified in the Manual on MarineMeteorological Services, as well as in the provision of specialized servicesfor particular user groups,

(3) That requirements from the marine user community call for closeco-ordination in the provision of meteorological and oceanographic services,

(4) That expanded marine environmental services should be supportedby efficient and co-ordinated programmes for the acquisition of meteorologicaland oceanographic data,

(5) That the support of WMO to various marine research programmesshould be based on the wide use of existing WMO programmes and facilitiesincluding the joint IOC/WMO Integrated Global Ocean Services System (IGOSS),

REAFFIRMS the principle that WMO, in further developing its marinemeteorological and related oceanographic activities, should continue tomaintain direct contacts with international organizations representing theusers' interests and should work in close co-operation with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (lOC), International MaritimeOrganization (lMO) , Food and Agricu~ture Organization of the United Nations(FAO) and other international bodies dealing with marine environmentalprogrammes and projects;

DECIDES that the substanceOceanographic Activities ProgrammeSection 4.3 of the Second Long-term(Cg-X) ;

of the Marine Meteorology and Associatedbe as given in Part II, Volume 4,Plan of WMO adopted under Resolution 25

REQUESTS the Executive Council, with the assistance of the Commissionfor Marine Meteorology and other technical commissions concerned and the JointIOC/WMO Working Committee for IGOSS to promote the implementation of the WMOMarine Meteorology and Associated Oceanographic Activities Programme;

REQUESTS furthermore the regional associations to continue providingactive support to regional developments in marine meteorology, both as regardsthe fostering of special regional co-ordination arrangements and training inmarine meteorological and related oceanographic subjects;

URGESimplementationby:

Members concerned to giveof marine meteorological and

all possible support to therelated oceanographic activities,

(a) Strengthening theiroceanographic servicesservices in support ofand also of specialized

marine meteorological and relatedprogrammes, in respect of both basic

the safety of life and property at sea,services for various marine user groups;


(b) Continuing and/or expanding their contributions to the MarineClimatological Summaries Scheme (MCSS) and to the collection andarchival of sea-ice data;

(e) Continuing and/or expanding their contributions to marine datacollection systems in support of marine meteorological services,the Global Observing System of the World Weather Watch, the WorldClimate Research Programme (WCRP) and other WMO programmes;

( d)

(e)

Making full use ofcollection of marineinformation;

Assisting developingunder the MarineActivities Programme;

modern telecommunication means for theenvironmental data and the dissemination of

countries to fulfil their responsibilitiesMeteorology and Associated Oceanographic

(f) Contributing to approved internationaland Expanded Programme of Oceanic(LEPOR) and other similar international

proj ects of the Long-TermExploration and Researchprogrammes and projects;

REQUESTSresources:

the Secretary-General, within the available budgetary

(1) To arrange for appropriate co-ordination of WMO's activities inthe above fields with other international organizations;

(2) To assist in the implementation of the above-mentioned activities;

(3) To bring this resolution to the attention of all concerned.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 6 eCg-IX), and Resolutions 14eCg-VIII) and 15 eCg-VIII), which are no longer in force.

15 (Cg-X) IMPROVEMENT OF THE COLLECTION AND DISSEMINATION OF MARINEMETEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION USING INMARSAT

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Resolution 7 (Cg-IX)observation and data collection,

Systems and techniques for marine

(2) Resolution 9 (EC-XXXVII) Improvement of the collection anddissemination of marine meteorological information using INMARSAT,

(3) Report of the fourth session of the CMM Working Group on MarineMeteorological Services (Geneva, September 1985),

CONSIDERING:


(1) The rapid expansion in the use of the InternationalSatellite Organization (INMARSAT) marine telecommunicationparticularly amongst the WMO Voluntary Observing Ships (VOS),

133

Maritimesystem,

(2) The considerable improvements to be expected in the receipt ofmarine meteorological and oceanographic observations from ships at sea throughenhanced use of the INMARSAT system,

(3) The important role expected to be played by INMARSAT in theFuture Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (FGMDSS) of theInternational Maritime Organization (IMO) , in particular in the disseminationof marine safety information including meteorological warnings and forecasts,

(4) The responsibilities of Members for the provlslon ofmeteorological warnings and forecasts for the marine community as requiredunder the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention and as detailed in theManual on Marine Meteorological Services,

RECOGNIZING WITH APPRECIATION that certain Members operating INMARSATCoast Earth Stations (CES) have already arranged to accept ships' weatherreports and BATHY/TESAC reports through their CES which are of general valueto all Members of WMO,

BEING CONCERNED, however, that these reports are, at the presenttime, concentrated on a limited sub-set of the CES already in operation,

URGES:

(1) Those Members operating CES who have not yet done so, to acceptships' weather reports and oceanographic reports transmitted through theirCES, free of charge to ships;

(2) Those Members inproduced recognized changesinter-regional, regional,cost-sharing, as appropriate,

Regions wherein patterns

sub-regional

theof

or

introduction of INMARSAT hasdata collection to developbilateral agreements for

(3) All Members with responsibilities for the provision ofmeteorological forecasts and warnings for the safety of life and property atsea to study carefully the potential and problems offered by the INMARSATsystem for the broadcast of meteorological information to shipping and toreport their experience in this regard for the benefit of other Members;

ENCOURAGES the use of Voluntary Co-operation Programme support, on anindividual basis, and/or other financial arrangements which Members mightimplement, to overcome specific problems which have arisen in a few centreswith regard to the costs of collecting ships' weather reports via INMARSAT,

REQUESTS:

(1) The presidents of the Commission for Basic Systems (CBS) and theCommission for Marine Meteorology (CMM) to continue providing advice ontechnical, administrative and financial questions which may arise in theexpanded global use of INMARSAT;


(2) The Executive Council, with the assistanceCBS and CMM and the Secretary-General, to considerappropriate cost-sharing schemes for the reception ofreports through INMARSAT;

of the presidents ofthe formulation of

marine environmental

FURTHER REQUESTS the Secretary-General to study, in consultation withINMARSAT and IMO, as appropriate, the further use of the INMARSAT system forthe collection of ships' marine meteorological and oceanographic reports andthe dissemination of meteorological information to shipping and to keepMembers closely informed of the results of this study.


16 (cq-X) - INTEGRATED GLOBAL OCEAN SERVICES SYSTEM

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Resolution 8 (Cg-IX) - Integrated Global Ocean Services System,

(2) Resolution 15 (EC-XXXVIII) - Report of the fourth session of theJoint IOC/WMO Working Committee for IGOSS,

(3) IGOSS General Plan and Implementation Programme 1982-1988,

(4) Report of the First Informal Planning Meeting on the WorldClimate Research Programme (WCRP), Geneva, 12-16 May 1986,

CONSIDERING that data originating from the IGOSS programme not onlymake a significant contribution to operational meteorology and the provisionof operational oceanographic services, but also form an essential element ofthe ocean monitoring component of the World Climate Research Programme,

RECOGNIZING that a substantial increase in the amount of ocean dataavailable through IGOSS is needed to satisfy the requirements for such data ofoperational meteorology, oceanographic services and research,

URGES Members to increase their participation in all or any parts ofthe basic elements of IGOSS, in particular the IGOSS Observing System, by:

(a) Fully exploiting all existing sources of BATHY/TESAC data foroperational exchange through IGOSS;

(b) Enlisting more research vessels and ships-of-opportunity to theBATHY/TESAC operational programme;

(c) Improving ship-to-shore telecommunication arrangements, inparticular through the greater use of satellite-basedtelecommunication facilities;


(d) Supplying expendable bathythermograph probes to ships throughcollective and bilateral assistance programmes;

(e) Further expanding their operationalnetworks and submitting the data to theOceanographic Centres (SOC) of the IGOSS(ISLPP) ;

sea-level measurementappropriate Specialized

Sea Level Pilot Project

REQUESTS the Executive Council and the Secretary-General to take anyaction considered necessary and within the available budgetary resources:

(a) To further the co-operation between WMO and IOC in the continuedimplementation of IGOSS;

(b) To assist Members in the further implementation of IGOSS.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 8 (Cg-IX) which is no longer inforce.

17 (Cg-X) - HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES PROGRAMME

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Resolution 25 (eg-IX) Operational Hydrology Programme,including the Hydrological Operational Multipurpose Sub-programme (HOMS),

(2) Resolution 26 (Cg-IX)Resources,

Applications and Services to Water

(3) Resolution 27 (Cg-IX) Co-operation withProgrammes of Other International Organizations,

Water-related

(4) Resolution 12 (EC-XXXVII) - Report of the seventh session of theCommission for Hydrology,

(5) Recommendations of the third Unesco/WMO International Conferenceon Hydrology and the Scientific Bases of Water Resources Management,

(6) The report of the president of the Commission for Hydrology (CHy),

CONSIDERING:

(1) That the Operational Hydrology Programme (OHP) provides the basisand framework for all scientific and technical aspects of WMO's activities inthe field of hydrology and water resources,

(2) That HOMS continuesvarying stages of developmentoperational hydrology,

successfully to meet the needs of Members infor technology transfer in the field of


(3) The importance to Members of the adequate assessment and rationalmanagement of their water resources,

(4) That hydrological services are essential for the prov~s~on of>later for human consumption, agriculture, energy production and industrialpurposes, >lhile avoiding irreversible degradation of the environment,

(5) That such services are also essential to activities aimed atmitigating the effects of droughts, floods, desertification and tropicalcyclones, while at the same time these phenomena pose special problems for thecollection, analysis and use of hydrological data,

(6) The need for developing further the co-ordination ofinternational activities and programmes in hydrology and water resources, soas to enhance their impact at the national level and provide for more economicand rational management of available resources,

WELCOMES the views and recommendations ofInternational Conference on Hydrology and theResources Management;

DECIDES:

the third joint Unesco/WMOScientific Bases of Water

(1) That the substance of the Hydrology and Water ResourcesProgramme, and hence the Operational Hydrology Programme, the Programme onApplications and Services to Water Resources and the Programme on Co~operation

with Water-related Programmes of Other International Organizations, be asindicated in Part II, Volume 5 of the Second Long-Term Plan of· WMO adoptedunder Resolution 25 (Cg-X);

in the(2)

planTo endorse the substance of the second phase of HOMS

of action given in the annex to Resolution 1 (CHy-VII);as foreseen

(3) That WMO should continue to take theUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Culturalthe follow-up to the UN Water Conference withassessment;

INVITES MEMBERS:

lead, jointly with theOrganization (Unesco), inregard to water-resource

(1) To take all possible steps to continue full support to theimplementation of the three component programmes of the Hydrology and WaterResources Programme especially the Operational Hydrology Programme and HOMS;

(2) To arrange for their Hydrological, Hydrometeorological andMeteorological Services to continue to co-operate in the implementation ofnational and international plans for the assessment and management of theirwater resources;

(3) To continue theirimplementation of national inputshydrology and water resources;

close co-ordination in the planning andto international programmes in the field of

(4) To continueHydrometeorological andbasins;

the voluntary co-operation between Hydrological,Meteorological Services within international river


REQUESTS the Secretary-General to invite the United Nations and itssubsidiary bodies, all specialized agencies concerned and the InternationalAtomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to take account of the activities of WMO, and inparticular those of the OHP, in the planning and execution of their programmesin water resources and to note the contributions that WMO can make to theseprogrammes;

REQUESTS the president of CHy:

(1) To arrange for the implementation of the OHP by CHy;

(2) To keep under review the implementation of the second phase ofHOMS;

(3) To arrange that CHy-VIII study the appropriateness of a change inthe title HOMS, in which the term "Sub-programme" would be replaced by"System", and report to Cg-XI accordingly;

(4) To continue the co-ordination of CHy activities with the regionalinputs to the OHP;

REQUESTS the Executive Council and the Secretary-General, asappropriate and within available budgetary resources:

(1) To take all necessary action to assist the Commission forHydrology and all bodies concerned in implementing the Hydrology and WaterResources Programme, in accordance with DECIDES (1);

(2) To continue to provide assistance in support of training eventsfor Members in lohe fialas of hydl?olo'3yana waloe~r ..esourGe~s;

(3) To continue to co-operate with othernon-governmental organizations in the field of hydrologyand with existing international river basin commissions.

governmental andand water resources

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolutions 25, 26 and 27 (Cg-IX), which areno longer in force.

18 (Cg-X) - EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMME

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Resolution 28 (Cg-IX) - Promotion of education and training,

(2) The progress achieved and theOrganization in the performance of the taskseducation and training of personnel in theoperational hydrology,

results obtained by theincumbent on it as regardsfields of meteorology and

(3) The growing relationship between meteorological sciences andrelated environmental programmes,

138

CONSIDERING:

RESOLUTION 18 (Cg~X)

(1) That the Education and Training Programme has the ultimate aim ofdeveloping feasible self-reliant training capabilities in individual Membercountries"

(2) That the Organization's education and training activities arevital to the success of all WMO programmes, as well as to the ability of manyMembers to participate in and benefit from these programmes,

(3) That there continues to be a pressing need by Members for staffto be trained at all levels so that they can plan, direct, organize and carryout the programmes in meteorology and operational hydrology and their relatedfields essential to economic and social development, particularly indeveloping countries,

DECIDES:

(1) That the substance of the Education and Training Programme be asindicated in Part II, Volume 6 of the Second Long-term Plan of WMO adoptedunder Resolution 25 (Cg-X);

(2) That special emphasis should be placed on maintaining a highstandard in the technical and scientific training of personnel in all fieldsof activity of the Organization;

URGES Members:

(1) To collaborate actively in, and to give all possible support to,the implementation of the Organization's education and training activities;

(2) To provide the Secretariat with technical and scientific trainingmaterials available in their own Services;

(3) To make the utmost use of the WMO Regional MeteorologicalTraining Centres for the training of their personnel.

INVITES:

(1)

to undertakePlan;

The presidents of regional associations and technical commissionsthe roles identified in Part II, Volume 6 of the Second Long-term

(2) The presidents of technical commissions to keep under continuousstudy and review the education and training problems related to their fieldsof specialization;


(1) To take all necessary actions to enable the Education andTraining Programme to meet its objectives under the Second Long-term Plan;

(2) To continue its co-ordination of the organization's Education andTraining Programme;



(1) To ensure, within the available budgetary resources, theeffective overall co-ordination of education and training matters within theWMO Secretariat;

(2) To continue, within the available budgetary resources, to provideassistance and advice in the field of education and training to all Members;

(3) To strongly support the requests of governments for assistancefor education and training in the fields of meteorology and operationalhydrology from the United Nations Development Programme and otherinternational bodies.


19 (Cg-X) - lINTIIRCTIC METEOROLOGY

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Resolution 29 (Cg-IX) - l\ntarctic meteorology,

(2) Resolution 7 (EC-XXXV) - Executive ·Council Working Group onl\ntarctic Meteorology,

CONSIDERING:

(1) That there is a continuing need for meteorological data from thel\ntarctic for the full implementation of the World Weather Watch and othertechnical programmes,

(2) That there is a continuingmeteorological activities in the IIntarctic,

need for co-ordination of

INVITES Members which are Parties to the IIntarctic Treaty to continueand, if possible, to enlarge their meteorological observing programmes in thel\ntarctic;

REQUESTS the Executive Council to promote the continued co-ordinationof meteorological activities in the l\ntarctic:

(1) By maintaining its present Working Group on l\ntarctic Meteorologywith appropriate terms of reference;

(2) By arranging that recommendations on IIntarctic meteorology betransmitted to Members which are Parties to the IIntarctic Treaty for theirapproval prior to implementation.


110 RESOLUTION 20 (eg-X)

20 (Cg-,-X) - PARTICIPATION OF THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION IN THEUNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Resolution 31 (Cg-IX) - Participation of the World MeteorologicalOrganization in the United Nations Development Programme,

(2) With satisfaction that, since Ninth Congress, it had beenpossible with UNDP resources to provide much valuable assistance for thepromotion and development of meteorological and hydrological activities,

CONSIDERING:

(1) That all countries need to have national Meteorological andHydrological Services which can contribute effectively to national economicactivities and the safety of the population,

(2) That many developing countries are still in need of assistance todevelop their Meteorological and Hydrological Services in order that they mayrespond effectively to the numerous needs,

RECOGNIZES the importance of UNDP's role in funding and co-ordinatingtechnical co-operation in the United Nations system and in financing technicalassistance in the fields of meteorology and hydrology in developing countries,

DECIDES:

. (1) That the World Meteorological Organization should continue toparticipate in the United Nations Development Programme;

(2)policies fordecisions of

That the Executive Council should continue to decide upon thesuch participation in so far as these policies are dependent uponthe World Meteorological Organization;

CONSIDERING FURTHER:

(1) That the smaller organizations of the UN system which have nocountry offices, including WMO, can play only a minor role in the formulationof the UNDP country programmes;

(2) The importance of allocating resources to assist developingcountries to participate in, contribute to and benefit from WMO programmeswhich are established to meet regional and world-wide needs in addition tothose of individual countries;

(3) That the limited UNDP-financed sectoral support, although veryuseful and greatly appreciated, does not completely satisfy the requirementsfor technical advice nor ensure that full account is taken of WMO programmesand priorities at the stage of country programme and individual projectpreparation;


URGES Members to continue to propose the inclusion of projects in thefields of meteorology and operational hydrology in the UNDP countryprogrammes, and to give priority in regional projects to the implementation ofprogrammes in these fields, including training;


(1) To continue to emphasize to therelevance of meteorology and hydrology to economicto request therefore that these activities shouldUNDP assistance;

national governments thedevelopment and safety andhave an adequate share of

(2) To convey to the Administrator of UNDP its appreciation for theresources made available for sectoral support and the importance of WMO beingable to playa full part in the country and inter-country programming process;

(3) To work with permanent representatives in defining requirementsfor technical co-operation needed to strengthen meteorological andhydrological activities, and in preparing project documents requestingtechnical co-operation including specific proposals to UNDP ResidentRepresentatives;

(4) To keep the permanent representatives informed of changes in theUNDP procedures and country programming activities in their respectivecountries.


21 (Cg-X) - THE WMO VOLUNTARY CO-OPERATION PROGRAMME

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) That, inResolution 32 (Cg-IX),functioned in the ninth

accordance with the directives containedthe WMO Voluntary Co-operation Programme (VCP)

financial period in a highly satisfactory manner,

inhas

(2) That this programme must be considered to be a major element inthe implementation of World Weather Watch and the provision of fellowships,

(3) That additional support will continue to be needed for theAgricultural Meteorology Programme, as well as for the World Climate Programmewith emphasis on the applications component of the latter,

(4) That this programme is an appropriate mechanism for the promotionand support of Technical Co-operation among Developing Countries,

(5) That annually, on average, contributions received to the fundVCP(F) amount to US $350 000 and contributions received in equipment andservices VCP(ES) to US $5 million,


COMMENDS the Executive Council and the Members concerned on thecontinued success of this programme;

CONSIDERING the continued need for support in the tenth financialperiod for the implementation of the World Weather Watch Programme, theapplication of the WWW in the field of hydrology and for fellowships to beorganized within the framework of the WMO Education and Training Programme,

DECIDES:

(1) That the WMO Voluntary Co-operation Programme shall be continuedin the tenth financial period;

(2) That the fields of co-operation covered by the VCP shall include:

(a) The implementation of WWW as first priority, including theapplication of co-ordinated programmes;

. (b) The granting of long-term and short-term fellowships;

(c) The support to short~term training seminars for personnelengaged in the WWW and other activities covered under VCP;

(d) The support to agrometeorological activities;

(e) The application of WWW in the field of hydrology;

(f) The establishment of observing and data-processingfacilities necessary for the World Climate Programme;

(g) The support to activities within the World ClimateApplications Programme particularly related to food, energyand water, including Climate Computing (CLICOM);·

(h) The establishment and maintenance of: Background AirPollution Monitoring Network (BAPMoN) stations;

(3)period shallperiod;

That the Voluntary Co-operation Programme in the tenth financialfollow the same general procedures as during the ninth financial

AUTHORIZES the Executive Council to establish detailedprocedures for the operation of the programme on lines similarestablished under Resolution 16 (EC-XXXV) Rules of the WMOCo-operation Programme, and amended by EC-XXXVIII, bearing indecisions of Tenth Congress;

rules andto thoseVoluntarymind the

URGES Members of the Organization to take a more active role in theVCP programme and to contribute to the maximum extent possible to theprogramme during the tenth financial period both in financial form and inequipment and services, including fellowships;


(l) To continue to administer the Voluntary Co-operation Programmeduring the tenth financial period;

RESOLUTION 23 (Cg-Xl 143

(2) To report to Eleventh Congress on the assistance rendered duringthe tenth financial period, in addition to the annual report on the VoluntaryCo-operation Programme distributed to Members.


22 (Cg-X) - UNDP SUPPORT COST EARNINGS

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) With gratitude, that the United Nations(UNDP) project budget for meteorology and hydrologycontinues to grow,

Development Programmeadministered by WMO

(2) That under the UNDP flexibility rules, WMO receives no benefitfrom a high value US dollar since support cost earnings are limited by actualcosts (mostly in Swiss francs),

(3) That with a relatively low value of the US dollar against theSwiss franc the purchasing power of the support cost earnings can be greatlyreduced thus jeopardizing the ability to deliver projects of high quality in atimely manner,

(4) T~hat theUNDP Governing Council will be provided with informationconcerning the particular hardship that this situation creates for WMO,

REQUESTS the Secretary-General to continue hiscompensation from UNDP for currency fluctuations,support costs received from UNDP;

efforts to obtain someaffecting unfavourably

URGES the UNDP to reassess support costs for projects administered byWMO with a view to alleviating problems created by currency fluctuations.

23 (Cg-X) - PUBLICATIONS PROGRAMME FOR THE TENTH FINANCIAL PERIOD

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Resolution 33 (Cg~IX)

financial period,Publications Programme for the ninth

(2) That the accurate and timely production and distribution ofpublications in the agreed languages is essential to almost all functions ofthe Organization, and that as a matter of general policy high priority shallbe given to the Publications Programme,

(3) That the publications of the Organization generally fall into twobroad categories:

144 RESOLUTION 23 (Cg-Xl

(a) Mandatory publications, defined by the Convention, theGeneral Regulations or by specific decisions of Congress,for which funds are provided directly under the PublicationsProgramme,

(bl Programme-supporting publications, such as WMO TechnicalNotes, WWW Planning Reports, Operational Hydrology Reports,Marine Science Affairs Reports, Special EnvironmentalReports, the WMO Blue Training Series, etc. for which fundsare provided under the relevant scientific and technicalprogranunes,

DECIDES:

(1) That the mandatorythese publications shall beresolution;

publications of WMO and the languages in whichissued are as shown in the annex to this

(2 lThat the management of the Publications Programme, notably thepresentation and method of reproduction of the publications and the mosteconomic use of the" available publication funds including the revenue fromsales of publications, shall be the. responsibility of the Secretary-Generalwithin the framework established by Congress and taking into account thegeneral guidance given by the Executive Council;

REQUESTS:

(ll The Executive Council to continue to review regularly the statusof the Publications Programme taking into account the funds and facilitiesavailable;

(2) The Secretary-General to assist in these reviews by providingsessions of the Executive Council with information on available funds,facilities, sales potentials and any possible limitations.


*

* *

Publication


Annex to Resolution 23 (Cg-X)

WMO MANDATORY PUBLICATIONS AND THE LANGUAGES

IN WHICH THEY SHALL BE ISSUED

IN THE TENTH FINANCIAL PERIOD

Languages

145

1. Basic documents

(a) Basic documents,WMO-No. 15

(b) Agreements and workingarrangements with otherinternational organizations,WMO-No. 60

(c) Technical Regulations,WMO-No. 49

(d) Annexes to the TechnicalRegulations:

English, French, Russian, Spanish(Convention and General Regulations also in Arabic and Chinese)

)

)

)

) English, French, Russian, Spanish)

)

)

(i) International Cloud Atlas,

Volume I, WMO-No. 407

English, French, Russian*,Spanish*

(ii) Manual on Codes,Volume I, WMO-No. 306

(iii) Manual on the GlobalTelecommunication System,Volume 1, WMO-No. 386

(iv) Manual on the GlobalData-processing System,Volume I, WMO-No. 485

(v) Manual on the GlobalObserving System,Volume I, WMO-No. 544

(vi) Manual on marine meteorological services,WMO-No. 558

)

)

)

)

)

)

)

)

) English, French, Russian, Spanish)

)

)

)

)

)

)

)

)

*Subject to the assistance of Members in providing the translations.


2. Operational publications

(a) WMO Publication No. 2

(b) WMO Publication No. 5

(cl WMO Publication No. 9

Bilingual: English-French


(i)

(ii )

Volume A

Volume B


English*

(iii) Volume C

(iv) Volume D

(d) International list of selected,supplementary and auxiliaryships, WMO-No. 47

(e) Compendium of trainingfacilities, WMO-No. 240

3. Official records

(a) Abridged report of Congresswith resolutions

(b) Proceedings of Congress

(c) Abridged reports of the Executive Council with resolutions

(d) Abridged reports of sessionsof regional associations

(e) Abridged reports of sessionsof technical commissions

4. WMO Guides:

(i) Guide to meteorologicalinstruments and methodsof observation, WMO-No. 8

(ii) Guide to climatologicalpractices, WMO-No. 100



Multilingual

English, French, Russian, Spanish

English, French


Should be issued in the samelanguages as the documentationprepared for the session



* Expanded introductory and explanatory text in four official languages


(iii) Guide to agriculturalmeteorological practices,WMQ-No. 134

(iv) Guide to hydrologicalpractices

Volume I - Data acquisitionand processing

Volume II - Analysis, forecasting and other applications

(v) Guide on the Global Dataprocessing System, WMO-No. 305

(vi) Guide to marine meteorologicalservices, WMO-No. 471

(vii) Guide on the Global ObservingSystem, WMO-No o 488

(viii) Guide on the measurement ofbackground atmosphericpollution, WMO-Noo 491

(ix) Guide on the automation ofdata-processing centres,WMO-No. 636

(x) Guide on meteorologicalobserving and informationdistribution systems ataerodromes

(xi) Guide on aerodrome meteorological office practices

147

5. Annual Reports of the WMO

60 WMO Bulletin

24 (Cg-X) - WMO PUBLIC INFORMATION

THE CONGRESS,



NOTING Resolution 41 (Cg-VIII) - Public Information Policy,

CONSIDERING that there is a continuing need for an improved publicawareness and appreciation of the contribution of meteorology and operationalhydrology to the development of nations,

DECIDES to maintain a WMO Public Information Programme with a view tomaking more widely known:

148 RESQLUTIQN 25 (Cg-X)

(al The important role of meteorology and operational hydrology inthe socio-economic development of Members;

(bl The contributions providedHydrological Services for theof the nations of the world;

by national Meteorological andgeneral \VeIl-being of the peoples

(c) The purposes,internationalinterests;

programmes and activities of the WMO in support ofco-operation for the advancement of Members'

URGES Members to take appropriate measures in support of the WMOPublic Information Programme;


(1) To co-operate,international organizations,field of public information;

as appropriate, with competent nationalboth governmental and non-governmental, in

andthe

(2) To make the best possible use of available resources to carry outa well-co-ordinated public information programme which is supportive to andintegrated with the major WMO programmes.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 41 (Cg-VIII), which is no longer inforce.

25 (Cg-lO - SECOND WMO LONG-TERM PLAN

THE CONGRESS,

NOtING Resolution 34 (Cg-IX) -WMO Long-term Plan - that implementedthe long-term planning process in the WMO system,

CONSIDERING:

(11 That the challenges facing the world today - such as the rapidlyincreasing world population requiring ever-increasing supplies of food, waterand energy; the devastating effects of tropical cyclones, floods, droughts anddesertification; the potential effects of the changing balance of minorconstituents of the atmosphere; the threat of climate changes; and theenvironmental effects impinging on a variety of human activities placeincreasing demands upon Members to provide more extensive, more effective andmore diverse meteorological and hydrological services,

(2) That, because the atmosphere and hydrosphere are global inextent, the services that are needed to enable nations to meet thosechallenges require the co-ordinated efforts of Members within a framework ofstrengthened international co-operation in meteorology and operationalhydrology,


(3) That the introduction of long-term planning is enabling WMO toplay a more active and effective role in the international co-ordination ofactivities and facilities needed to provide the services that will assistMembers to meet these challenges,

ADOPTS, under the provisions of Article 8 (a), (b) and (c) of the WMOConvention, the Second WMO Long-term Plan (hereinafter called "the Plan") forthe period 1988-1997 consisting of:

Part I - Overall policy and strategy;

Part II - Programme plans:

Vol. 1Vol. 2Vol. 3Vol. 4Vol. 5Vol. 6Vol. 7

- The World Weather Watch Programme;- The World Climate Programme;- The WMO Research and Development Programme;- The WMO Applications of Meteorology Programme;

The WMO Hydrology and Water Resources Programme;The WMO Education and Training Programme;The WMO Technical Co-operation Programme;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General to arrange for the publication anddistribution to all Members and constituent bodies of WMO - and to otherinternational organizations as appropriate - of Parts I and II of the Plan;

STRONGLY URGES Members to take the Plan into account in developing andcarrying out their national programmes in meteorology and operationalhydrology, as well as in their participation in the programmes of theOrganization;

REQUESTS the Executive Council, the regional associations, thetechnical commissions and the Secretary-General to adhere to the policies andstrategies set forth in the Plan and to organize their activities to achievethe main long-term objectives as defined in the Plan;

FURTHER REQUESTS the Executive Council to use the Plan as a benchmarkto monitor progress and performance in the implementation of the scientificand technical programmes of the Organization and to submit a report toEleventh Congress.

26 (Cg-X) - PREPARATION OF THE THIRD WMO LONG-TERM PLAN FOR 1992-2001

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Resolution 34 (Cg-IX) - WMO Long-term Plan,

(2) Resolution 25 (Cg-X) - Second WMO Long-term Plan,

CONSIDERING:

(1) That the principle set forth by Ninth Congress in its Resolution 34 (Cg-IX) that long-term plans should cover a period of ten years but bereplaced at four-yearly intervals remains valid,


(2) That the method of preparationthe guidance of the Executive Councildevelopment of subsequent Long~term PlanS,

of the Second Long-term Plan underprovided a suitable model for

(31 That the close co-ordination between the Long-term Plan and theSecretary-General 's programme and budget proposals proved to be practicableand useful,

DECIDES that the Third WMO Long-term Plan (TLTP), covering the period1992-2001, should be prepared;

URGES Members to pursue studies of the future role of meteorology andhydrology in economic and social development and, on the basis of suchstudies, to make proposals for developing relevant material for inclusion inthe Third Long-term Plan;

REQUESTS the Executive Council to establish the necessary mechanismfor co~ordination of the preparation of the Third Long~term Plan;

REQUESTS the regional associations to provide a forum forconsideration of relevant regional aspects of the Plan, to formulatestatements on regional long-term priorities and to co-ordinate, as necessary,national contributions to regional projects;

REQUESTS thevolumes of Partresponsibilities;

technical commissions to lead the formulation of theII of the Plan falling within their respective

REQUESTS the Secretary~Genera1:

(1) To provide Secretariat support for implementing these decisions;

(2) To ensure thateleventh financial period arePlan;

his programme and budget proposals for thefully co-ordinated with the Third WMO Long-term

(3) TO submit the draft Third WMO Long-term Plan to Eleventh Congress.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 21 (Cg-VII), which is no longer inforce. This resolution together with Resolution 25 (Cg-X) also replaceResolution 34 (Cg~IX), which is no longer in force.

27 (Cg-X). - MAXIMUM EXPENDITURES FOR THE TENTH FINANCIAL PERIOD

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Article 23 of the Convention of the World MeteorologicalOrganization,

(2) Article 4 of the Financial Regulations of the Organization,


AUTHORIZES the Executive Council during the tenth financial periodfrom 1 January 1988 to 31 December 1991:

(1) To incur expenditures of one hundred and seventy million Swissfrancs (SFr 170 000 000), the division of such expenditures into parts beingshown in the annex to this resolution;

(2) To incur necessary expenditures resulting from any increases inSecretariat staff salaries and allowances, as from 1 April 1987, consequent tochanges in the United Nations System salaries and allowances, suchexpenditures being additional to the sum referred to in paragraph (1), only ifthe Executive Council is satisfied that they cannot reasonably be met byeconomies within the approved budget;

(3) To incur expenditures to implement unforeseen programmeactivities of an urgent character, additional to those covered byparagraphs (1) and (2), but not exceeding a sum of eight hundred thousandSwiss francs (SFr 800 000) in total, only if agreed by Members;

REQUESTS the Executive Council to take such action as may be necessaryto ensure that, if there is any beneficial change in any of the factorsmentioned in paragraph (2) above, there will be an appropriate reduction inthe maximum expenditures of the Organization as expressed in Swiss francs, dueaccount being taken of the increased costs due to price rises in Switzerlandwhich cannot reasonably be met by economies within the approved budget;

DELEGATES to the Executive Council the authority to approve biennialexpenditures within these limits.

152 RESOLUTION 27 (Cg-Xl

Annex to Resolution 27 CCg-X)

MAXIMUM EXPENDITURES FOR THE TENTH FINANCIAL PERIOD(in SFr '000)

REVENUE

Contributions'" 170 000.0 1.

2.

EXPENDITURES ( , )

Policy-making organs

Executive management

4 648.7

8 275.7

3. Scientific and technicalprogrammes;

3.0 Overall co-ordinationof the scientific andtechnical programmes

3.1 World Weather WatchProgramme

3.2 World ClimateProgramme' 3,

3.3 Research and DevelopmentProgramme

3.4 Applications ofMeteorology Programme

3.5 Hydrology and WaterResources Programme

3.6 Education and TrainingProgramme

3.7 Regional Programme

Total Part 3. Scientificand technical programmes

4. Technical Co-operationProgramme

2 348.7

18 217.7

14 650.8

10 371.0

9 743.7

7 609.0

11 232.29 455.2

83 628.3

1 922.1

====:===== ========~~

Total 170 000.0

5.

6.

7.

Programme supportservices andpublications

Administration

Other budgetaryprovisions

Total

37 487.7

30 202.0

3 835.5

170 000.0

"'These amounts are based on salaries. exchange rates and cost-of-livingindices prevailing on 1 April 1987.

"'Less miscellaneous income as per Financial Regulations.,3'In addition. ICSU is expected to contribute US $800 000 (SFr 1 224 000)

to the joint fund.See also paragraph 8.20 of the general summary.

28 lCg-X)

RESOLUTION 28 lCg-X)

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FINANCIAL REGULATIONS OF THE WORLDMETEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

153

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) That Article 81d) of the Convention of the World MeteorologicalOrganization authorizes Congress to determine regulations prescribing theprocedures of the various bodies of the Organization and, in particular, theFinancial Regulations,

(2) The decisions taken by previous Congresses, in establishingFinancial Regulations,

CONSIDERING that certain articles of the Financial Regulations requireamendment,

DECIDES that theresolution shall apply1 January 1988.

Financial Regulations as set out in the annex to thisto the tenth financial period, commencing on

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 36 lCg-IX), which remains in forceonly until 31 December 1987.

Annex to Resolution 28 ICg-X)

FINANCIAL REGULATIONSOF THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

CONTENTS

Article I.Article 2.Article 3.Article 4.Article 5.Article 6.Article 7.Article 8.Article 9.Article 10.Article II.Article 12.Article 13.Article 14.Article 15.Article 16.Article 17.Annex.

Applicabi lity •...........•••...........•••.......•....The financial period •••......•...•...........•.....•..Maximum expenditures for the financial period ...••.•..Authorization of appropriations for the financial periodThe biennium .....•...••......•.•..••........•.•...••...The biennial budget ....••...........•..•......•.•....••Appropriations •..•........•..•.•........••.•.....•.....Provision of funds .•.•...........•..•......•.•.....••..Funds .Othe r income ....•..•.........••............•....•••...•Custody of funds .....••............•.............•.•...Investment of funds ....•...........................•.•.Internal control ..•....•...•.....................•...••The accounts ..................•.................••....•External audit ........•..........................••....Decisions involving expenditures .General provisions ....................•.......•......•.Additional terms of reference governing external audit •

Page109109109110110111111112114115116116116117118120120122


FINANCIAL REGULATIONSOF THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

Article 1

Applicability

1.1 These Regulations shall govern the financial administration of theWorld Meteorological Organization (hereinafter called the Organization).They may be amended only by Congress. In the event of any conflictbetween any provisions of these Regulations and any provisions of theConvention, the Convention shall prevail.

Article 2

The financial period

2.1 The financial period shall be foul' years beginning on 1 January ofthe calendar year immediately following a session of Congress and endingon 31 December of the fourth year.

2.2 Nevertheless, in the event that a session of Congress is completedbefore the beginning of the last full year of a financial period, a newfinancial period shall begin on 1 January following that session ofCongress.

Article 3

Maximum expenditures for the financial period

3.1 Estimates of maximum expenditures which may be incurredOrganization in the financial' period shall be preparedSecretary-General.

by theby the

3.2 The estimatesfinancial periodSwiss francs.

shall cover' the income and expenditures for theto which they relate and shall be presented in

3.3 The estimates shall be divided into parts, sections, chaptersarticles and shall be accompanied by such informational annexesexplanatory statements as may be requested by, or on behalfCongress, and such further annexes or statements asSecretary-General may deem necessary and useful.

andandof,the

3.4 The estimates shall be submitted to the Executive Council at leastfive weeks prior to the meeting at which they will be considered. TheExecutive Council shall examine them and prepare a report on them toCongress.

3.5 The estimates prepared by the Secretary-General shall be transmittedto all Members at least six months prior to the opening of Congress.The report of the Executive Council on the estimates shall betransmitted with the estimates or as soon as possible thereafter, butnot later than three months before the beginning of the session ofCongress.


3.6 The maximum expenditures for the following financial period shall bevoted by Congress after consideration of the estimates and of anysupplementary estimates prepared by the Secretary-General and of thereports of the Executive Council on them.

3.7 Supplementary estimates for the financial period may be submitted tothe Executive Council by the Secretary-General during the intervalbetween the submission of the estimates to the Executive Council and theopening of Congress.

3.8 The Secretary-General shall prepare each supplementary estimate in aform consistent with the applicable portion of the estimates for thefinancial period.

3.9 When time permits, the Executive Council shallsupplementary estimates and prepare a report thereonotherwise they shall be left for consideration by Congress.

Article 4

examine theto Congress;

Authorization of appropriations for the financial period

4.1 The maximum expenditures voted by Congress shall constitute anauthority to the Executive Council to approve appropriations for each ofthe two bienniums compr1s1ng the financial period. The totalappropriations shall not exceed the amount voted by Congress.

4.2 Transfers between appropriation parts may be authorized by theExecutive Council, subject to the total amount of such transfers notexceeding 3 (three) per cent of the total maximum expenditure authorizedfor the financial period.

Article 5

The biennium

5.1 The first biennium will begin with the commencement of the financialperiod, followed by the second biennium beginning on 1 January of thethird year of the financial period.

Article 6

The biennial budget

6.1 The biennialSecretary-General.

budget estimates shall be prepared by the

6.2 The estimates shall cover income and expenditure for the biennium towhich they relate and shall be presented in Swiss francs.

6.3 The biennial budget estimates shall be divided into parts, sections.chapters and articles and shall be accompanied by such informationalannexes and explanatory statements as may be requested by, or on behalf

156 RESOLUTION 28 ICg-XI

of, the Executive Council, and such further annexes or statements as theSecretary-General may deem necessary and useful.

6.4 The Secretary-General shall submit to the regular meeting of theExecutive Council estimates for the follo"ing biennium. The estimatesshall be transmitted to all members of the Executive Council at leastfive weeks prior to the opening of the regular session of the ExecutiveCouncil.

6.5 The budget for the following biennium shall be approved by theExecutive Council.

6.6 Supplementary estimates may be submitted by the Secretary-Generalwhenever necessary.

6.7 The Secretary-General shall prepare these supplementary estimates inthe same form as that of the applicable portions of the estimates forthe biennium and shall submit the estimates to the Executive Council forapproval.

Article 7

Appropriations

7.1 The appropriations approved by the Executive Council shallconstitute an authorization to the Secretary-General to incurobligations and make payments for the purposes for which theappropriations were approved and up to the amounts so approved.

7.2 Appropriations shall be available for obligation during the bienniumto which they relate.

7.3 Appropriations shall remain available for twelve months followingthe end of the biennium to which they relate to the extent that they arerequired to discharge obligations in respect of goods supplied andservices rendered in that biennium and to liquidate any otheroutstanding legal obligation of that biennium. The balance of theappropriations shall be surrendered.

7.4 At the end of the period provided in Regulation 7.3 above, the thenremaining balance of any appropriations retained shall be surrendered.

7.5 Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 7.3 and 7.4 in the caseof outstanding legal obligations in respect of fellowships, the portionof the appropriation required shall remain available until thefellowships are completed or otherwise terminated. At the time of thetermination of the fellowship, any remaining balance shall be retainedin the General Fund for the sole purpose of financing further long-termand short-term fellowships.

7.6 Amounts surrendered in accordance with Regulations 7.3 and 7.4 shallbe retained for the purposes approved by Congress for the financialperiod subject to the provisions of Article 9.1.

7.7 A transfer between appropriation sections may be made by theSecretary-General subject to confirmation by the Executive Council.

Assessments


Article 8

Provision of funds

157

8.1 Appropriations shall be financed by contributions from Members ofthe Organization according to the scale of assessments determined byCongress, such contributions to be adjusted in accordance with theprovisions of Regulation 8.2. Pending the receipt of such contributionsthe appropriations may be financed from the Working Capital Fund.

8.2 For each of the two years of a biennium the contributions of MemberStates shall be assessed on the basis of one half of the appropriationsapproved by the Executive Council for the biennium, except thatadjustments shall be made to the assessment in respect of supplementaryappropriations for which contributions have not previously been assessedon Member States.

8.3 After the Executivedetermined the amountSecretary-General shall:

Councilneeded

has approved the biennial budget andfor the Working Capital Fund, the

la) Transmit the relevant documents to the Members of the Organization;

lb) Inform the Members of their commitments in respect of annualcontributions and advances to the Working· Capital Fund;

(c) Request them to remit their contributions and advances.

8.4 Contributions and advances shall be considered as due and payable infull within thirty days of the receipt of the communication of theSecretary-General referred to in Regulation 8.3 above, or as of thefirst day of the financial year to which they relate, whichever is thelater. As of 1 January of the following financial year, the unpaidbalance of such contributions and advances shall be considered to be oneyear in arrears.

8.5 Annual contributions and advances to the Working Capital Fund of theOrganization shall be assessed and paid in Swiss francs.

8.6 Notwithstanding the provisions of Regulation 8.5, the ExecutiveCouncil is empowered to fix a percentage each year, up to which Memberswho so desire may make payment in other specified currencies. Indeciding this percentage, and specifying the currencies, the ExecutiveCOlmcil shall be guided by the estimate of the Secretary-General of theprobable needs of the Organization for these other currencies. Theexchange rate applicable to these payments in establishing theirequivalent in the currency of the State in which the Organization hasits headquarters shall be the official United Nations rate of exchangein force on the date of credit to the WMO bank account.

8.7 Payments made by a Member of the Organization shall be creditedfirst to the Working Capital Fund, then applied in chronological orderto the reduction of the contributions which are due in accordance withthe scale of assessments.


8.8 Notwithstanding the prov~s~ons of Regulation 8.7, amounts receivedin respect of the current year's contribution will be credited to thatyear providing that the full yearly instalment due under the terms ofspecial arrangements as established by Congress concerning the repaymentof long-outstanding contributions has been paid to the Organization.These special arrangements may be concluded with any Member being inarrears for more than four financial years on the date of entry intoforce of such arrangements.

8.9 The Secretary-General shall submit to the regular sessions of theExecutive Council a report on the collection of contributions andadvances to the Working Capital Fund.

Contributions from new Members

8.10 New Members of the Organization shall be required to make acontribution for the unexpired portion of the biennium in which theybecome Members and to provide their proportion of the total advances tothe Working Capital Fund at rates to be determined provisionally by theExecutive Council, subject to subsequent approval by Congress.

Contributions from Members withdrawing from the Organization

8.11 A Member withdrawing from the Organization shall make itscontribution for the period from the beginning of the biennium in whichit withdraws up to and including the date of its withdrawal and shall beentitled only to the amount standing to its credit in the WorkingCapital Fund, less any sum due from that Member of the Organization.

Article 9

Funds

9.1 There shall be established a General Fund for the purpose ofaccounting for expenditures authorized under Regulations 7.1, 7.2 and7.3. The General Fund will be credited with contributions paid byMember States under Regulations 8.1, 8.10, 8.11 and miscellaneous incomeas defined under Regulation 10.1. Cash surpluses on the General Fundexcept that part of such surplus which represents income from interestreceived on funds other than the Working Capital Fund shall be creditedon the basis of the scale of assessments to the Members of theOrganization as follows:

(a) For Members who have paid in full their previous contributions, bydeduction from the next assessment;

(b) For Members who have paid in full their contribution in respect ofall previous financial periods, but who have not paid in full theircontributions in respect of the period which relates to the surplusto be distributed, by reduction of their arrears, and thereafter bydeduction from the next assessment;

(c) For Members who are in arrears for moreconcerning the one >rhich relates to thetheir share of the surplus will be

than the financial periodsurplus to be distributed,

retained by the World


Meteorological Organization in a special account and will be paid whenthe provisions of Article 9.l(a) or (b) are met.

9.2 Income from interest on funds other than the Working Capital Fundwhich forms part of the cash surplus for any financial period shall bedisposed of in accordance with decisions of Congress, and in the mannerdetermined by Congress due consideration being given to the date ofreceipt of assessed contributions of Members of the Organization.

Working Capital Fund

9.3 There shall be established a Working Capital Fund to an amount fixedby Congress and for purposes to be determined from time to time by theExecutive Council. The moneys of the Working Capital Fund shall beadvanced by the Members of the Organization. These advances shall becalculated by the Executive Council in accordance with the scale ofassessments for the apportionment of the expenses of the Organization,and shall be carried to the credit of those Members which have made suchadvances.

9.4 Advances made from theappropriations during a bienniumas and to the extent that income

Working Capital Fund toshall be reimbursed to the Fundis available for that purpose.

financeas soon

9.5 Except when such advances are recoverable from some other source,advances made from the Working Capital Fund for unforeseen andextraordinary expenses or other authorized purposes shall be reimbursedthrough the submission of supplementary estimates.

9.6 Income derived from investment of the Working Capital Fund shall becredited to miscellaneous income.

9.7. Trust funds, reserve and special accounts may be established by theSecretary-General and shall be reported to the Executive Council.

9.8. The purpose and limits of each trust fund, reserve and specialaccount shall be clearly defined by the Executive Council. Unlessotherwise provided by the Congress, such funds and accounts shall beadministered in accordance with the present Financial Regulations.

9.9. Income derived from investments of trust funds., reserve and specialaccounts shall be credited as provided in the provisions applicable tosuch funds or accounts. In the absence of any such provision, FinancialRegulation 10.1 shall apply.

Article 10

Other income

10.1 All other income, except:

(a) Contributions to the budget;

(b) Direct refunds of expenditures made during the biennium;

(c) Advances or deposits to funds and accounts;

160 RESOLUTION 28 ICg-lO

shall be classed as miscellaneous income,Fund, unless otherwise specified inRegulation 9.9.

Voluntary contributions, gifts or donations

for credit to the Generalaccordance with Financial

10.2 Voluntary contributions, whether or not in cash, may be accepted bythe Secretary-General, provided that the purposes for which thecontributions are made are consistent with the policies, aims andactivities of the Organization and provided that the acceptance of suchcontributions which directly or indirectly involve additional financialliability for the Organization shall require the consent of Congress or,in case of urgency, of the Executive Council.

10.3 Moneys acceptedas trust funds orand 9.8.

for purposes specified by the donor shall be treatedspecial accounts under Financial Regulations 9.7

10.4 Moneys accepted in respect of which no purpose is specified shall betreated as miscellaneous income and shall be reported as "gifts" in theannual accounts.

Article 11

Custody of funds

11.1 The Secretary-General shall designate the bank or banks in which thefunds of the Organization shall be kept.

Article 12

Investment of funds

12.1 The Secretary-General may make short-term investments of moneys notneeded for immediate requirements and shall inform the Executive Councilperiodically of the investments thus made.

12.2 The Secretary-General may make long-term investments of moneysstanding to the credit of trust funds, reserve and special accounts,except as may be otherwise provided by the appropriate authority inrespect of each such fund or account and having regard to the particularrequirements as to the liquidity of funds in each case.

Article 13

Internal control

13.1 The Secretary-General shall:

la) Establish detailed financial procedures in order to ensure effectivefinancial administration and the exercise of economy;

RESOLUTION 28 (Cg-Xl 161

(bl Cause all payments to be made on the basis of supporting vouchersand other documents which ensure that the services or goods havebeen received, and that payments have not previously been made;

(cl Designate the officers who may receive moneys, incur obligations andmake payments on behalf of the Organization;

(dl Maintain an internaleffective currenttransactions in order

financial control which shall provide for anexamination and/or review of financialto ensure:

(il The regularity of the receipt- custody and disposal of allfunds and other financial resources of the Organization;

(iiI The conformity ofappropriations orCongress or approvedpurposes and rulesaccounts;

obligations and expenditures with theother financial provisions voted by

by the Executive Council, or with therelating to trust funds and special

(iii) The economic use of the resources of the Organization.

13.2 (al In addition to payments authorized under clause (bl below,notwithstanding Financial Regulation 13.1 (bl above,Secretary-General may, when he deems it in the interest ofOrganization so to do, authorize progress payments;

andthethe

(bl Except where normal commercial practice in the interest of theOrganization so requires, no contract or purchase order shall bemade on behalf of the Organization which reguires a payment inadvance of the delivery of goods or performance of contractualservices.

13 .3 No obligations shallappropriate authorizationsof the Secretary~General.

Ex gratia payments

behave

incurred until allotmentsbeen made in writing under the

or otherauthority

13.4 The Secretary-General may with the approval of the President makesuch ex gratia payments as he deems to be necessary in the interest ofthe Organization, provided that a statement of such payments shall besubmitted to the Executive Council with the annual accounts.

Writing-off of losses or deficiencies

13.5 The Secretary-General may, after full investigation, authorize thewriting-off of losses of cash, stores and other assets, except unpaidcontributions, provided that a statement of all such amounts written offshall be submitted to the External Auditor with the annual accounts.

Contracts and purchases

13.6 Tenders for equipment, supplies, and other requirements shall beinvited by advertisement, except where the Secretary-General deems that,in the interests of the Organization, a departure from the rule isdesirable.

162 RESOLUTION 28 (Gg-X)

Article 14

The accounts

14.1 The Secretary-General shall submit accounts for each biennium. Inaddition he shall maintain, for management purposes, such accountingrecords as are necessary and shall submit biennial accounts showing forthe biennium to which they relate:

(a) The income and expenditures of all funds;

(b) The status of appropriations, including:

(i) The original budget appropriations;

(ii) The appropriations as modified by any transfers;

(iii) Credits, if any, other than the appropriations approved bythe Executive Council;

(iv) The amounts charged against those appropriations and/or othercredits;

(c) The assets and liabilities of the Organization.

He shall also give such information as may be appropriate to indicatethe current financial position of the Organization.

14.2 The biennial accounts of the Organization shall beSwiss francs. Accounting records may, however, be kept inor currencies as the Secretary-General may deem necessary.

presented insuch currency

14.3 Appropriate separate accounts shall be maintained for all trustfunds, reserve and special accounts.

14.4 The biennial accounts shall be submitted by the Secretary-General tothe External Auditor not later than 31 March following the end of thebiennium.

14.5 Notperiod,accountperiod.

later than thirteen months after the ending of a financialthe Secretary-General shall submit to the External Auditor anof the total expenditures made in respect of that financial

14.6 The Secretary-General will submit to each regular session of theExecutive Council an unaudited account on the status of implementationof the current biennial budget and a report on the financial situationof the Organization.

Article 15

External audit

Appointment

15.1 lin External Auditor, who shall be the Auditor-General (or officerholding the equivalent title) of a Member State, shall be appointed in


the manner and for the period decided by the Executive Council.

Tenure of office

163

15.2 If the External Auditor ceases to hold that office in his owncountry, his tenure of office as External Auditor shall thereupon beterminated and he shall be succeeded as External Auditor by hissuccessor as Auditor-General. The External Auditor may not otherwise beremoved during his tenure of office except by the Executive Council.

Scope of audit

15.3 The audit shall be conducted in conformity with generally acceptedcommon auditing standards, and, subject to any special directions of theExecutive Council, in accordance with the additional terms of referenceset out in the annex to these regulations.

15.4 The External Auditor may make observations with respect toefficiency of the financial procedures, the accounting system,internal financial controls and, in general, the administrationmanagement of the Organization.

thetheand

15.5 The External Auditor shall be completely independent and solelyresponsible for the conduct of the audit.

15.6 The Executive Council may request the External Auditor to performcertain specific examinations and issue separate reports on the results.

Facilities

15.7 The Secretary-General shall provide the External Auditor with thefacilities he may require in the performance of the audit.

15.8 For the purpose of making a local or special examination or ofeffecting economies of audit cost. the External Auditor may engage theservices of any national Auditor-General (or equivalent title) orcommercial public auditors of known repute or any other person or firmwho, in the opinion of the External Auditor, is technically qualified.

Reporting

15.9 The External Auditor shall issue reports on the audit of thefinancial statements and relevant schedules reflecting the position ofthe final accounts for each biennium and for the financial period, whichshall include such information as he deems necessary in regard tomatters referred to in Financial Regulation 15.4 and in the AdditionalTerms of Reference.

15.10 The External Auditor's reports shall be transmitted, together withthe relevant audited financial statements, to the Executive CounciLwhich shall examine them in accordance with any directions given byCongress.

15.11 The financial statement for the biennium and the accounts for thefinancial period, together with the External Auditor's certificates,shall be transmitted to the Members of the Organization by theSecretary-General.


Article 16

Decisions involving expenditures

16" 1 No Regional- Association, Technical Commission or other competentbody shall take a decision involving either an administrative change ina programme approved by Congress or the Executive Council, or thepossible requirement of expenditure, unless it has received and takenaccount of a report from the Secretary-General on the administrative andfinancial implications of the proposal. Where, in the opinion of theSecretary-General, the proposed expenditure cannot be made from theexisting appropriations, it shall not be incurred until the ExecutiveCouncil has made the necessary appropriations, unless theSecretary-General certifies that provision can be made under theconditions of the resolution of the Executive Council relating tounforeseen expenditure.

Article 17

General provisions

17.1 In case of urgency and with the approval of the President of theOrganization, the Secretary-General shall refer to Members, for decisionby correspondence, financial matters which are beyond the competence ofthe Executive Council.

17.2 The applications of any of the present Regulations may be suspendedfor a period which shall not extend beyond the next session of Congressif the Executive Council has decided that the matter under considerationis of such a character that a decision should be taken before the nextCongress. In such circumstances, the proposal of the Executive Councilfor such a suspension shall be communicated by the Secretary-General toall Members for consultation and subsequently for a postal ballotaccording to the procedures for voting by correspondence in the GeneralRegulations.

17.3 In the application of Article 17.1 the proposal shall be adopted,and in the application of Article 17.2 the suspension of regulationsshall be put into force, if two-thirds of the votes cast for and againstwhich have reached the Secretariat within ninety days of the date ofdispatch of the request to vote to Members are in the affirmative. Thedecisions shall be communicated to all Members.

17.4 In case of doubt as to the interpretation or application of any ofthese Financial Regulations, the Secretary-General is authorized to rulethereon, subject to confirmation by the President in important cases.

17.5 The present Financial Regulations do not apply to the field projectsof the technical co-operation activities of the Organization financed bythe United Nations Development Programme; the Secretary-General isauthorized to administer those activities under Financial Regulationsand Rules established by the governing body and the Administrator of theUnited Nations Development Programme.

"" "


ANN E X

1IDDITIONAL TERMS OF REFERENCE GOVERNINGEXTERNAL AUDIT

165

(1) The External Auditor shall perform such audit of the accounts ofthe Organization, including all trust funds and special accounts, as he deemsnecessary in order to satisfy himself:

(al That the financial statements are in accord with the books andrecords of the Organization;

(b) That the financial transactions reflected in the statements havebeen in accordance with the rules and regulations, the budgetary provisionsand other applicable directives;

(c)

verified byor by actual

That the securities and moneys on deposit and on hand have beencertificate received direct from the Organization's depositariescount;

(dl That the internal controls are adequate in the light of theextent of reliance placed thereon;

(e) That procedures satisfactory to the External Auditor have beenapplied to the recording of all assets, liabilities, surpluses and deficits.

(2) The External Auditor shall be the sole judge as to the acceptancein whole or in part of certifications and representations by theSecretary-General and may proceed to such detailed examination andverification as he chooses of all financial records, including those relatingto supplies and equipment.

(3) The External Auditor and his staff have free access at allconvenient times to all books, records and other documentation which are, inthe opinion of the External Auditor, necessary for the performance of theaudit. Information classified as privileged and which the Secretary-General(or his designated senior officiall agrees is required by the External Auditorfor the purposes of the audit and information classified as confidential shallbe made available on application. The External Auditor and his staff shallrespect the privileged and confidential nature of any information soclassified which has been made available and shall not make use of it exceptin direct connection with the performance of the audit. The External Auditormay draw the attention of the Executive Council to any denial of informationclassified as privileged which in his opinion was required for the purpose ofthe audit.

(4) The External Auditor shall have no power to disallow items in theaccounts but shall draw to the attention of the Secretary-General forappropriate action any transaction concerning which he entertains doubt as tolegality or propriety. Audit objections to these or any other transactionsarising during the examination of the accounts shall be immediatelycommunicated to the Secretary-General.


(5) The External Auditor shall certify the financial statements inthe following terms:

"I have examined the financial statements ofbiennium/financial period ended 31 Decemberthe information and explanations that I haveas a result of the audit, that, in mystatements are correct";

adding, should it be necessary:

"subject to the observations in my report".

the Organization for theI have obtained all

required, and I certify,opinion, the financial

(6) The report of the External Auditor on the financial statementsshould mention:

(a) The type and scope of his examination;

(b) Matters affecting the completeness of accuracy of the accounts,including where appropriate:

(i) Information necessary to the correct interpretation of theaccounts;

(ii) Any amounts which ought to have been received but which havenot been brought to account;

(ii i) Any amounts for which a legal or contingent obligation existsand which have not been recorded or reflected in the financialstatements;

(iv) Expenditure noq properly substantiated;,

(v) Whether proper books of accounts have been kept. Where in thepresentation of statements there are deviations of materialnature from the. generally accepted accounting principlesapplied on a consistent basis, these should be disclosed;

(c) Other matters which should be brought to the notice of theExecutive Council, such as:

(i) Cases of fraud or presumptive fraud;

(ii ) Wasteful or improper expenditureother aSsets (notwithstandingtransaction may be correct);

of the Organization's money orthat the accounting for the

(iii) Expenditure likely to commit the Organization to further outlayon a large scale;

(iv) Any defect in the general system orgoverning the control of receipts andsupplies and equipment;

detailed regulationsdisbursements or of


(v) Expenditure not in accordance with the intention of Congressand/or the Executive Council after making allowance for dulyauthorized transfers within the budget;

(vi) Expenditure in excess of appropriations as amended by dulyauthorized transfers within the budget;

(vii) Expenditure not in conformity with the authority which governsit;

(d) The accuracy or otherwise of the supplies and equipment recordsas determined by stock-taking and examination of the records.

In addition, the reports may contain reference to:

(e) Transactions accounted for in a previous biennium concerningwhich further information has been obtained or transactions in a laterbiennium concerning which it seems desirable that the Executive Council shouldhave early knowledge.

(7) The External Auditor may make such observations with respect tohis findings resulting from the audit and such comments on theSecretary-General's financial report as he deems appropriate to the ExecutiveCouncilor to the Secretary-General.

(8) Whenever the External Auditor's scope of audit is restricted, orhe is unable to obtain sufficient evidence, the External Auditor shall referto the matter in his report, making clear the reasons for his comments and theeffect on the financial position and the financial transactions as recorded.

(9) In no case shall the External Auditor include criticism in hisreport without first affording the "Secretary-General an adequate opportunityof explanation on the matter under observation.

29 (Cg-X) -" FINANCIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) General Regulation 31,

(2) Resolution 42 (Cg-VII) - Establishment of a Financial AdvisoryCommittee,

RECOGNIZING the need to advise Congress, the Executive Council and thePresident on budgetary and financial matters given the increasing complexityof the tasks related thereto;

DECIDES to establish the Financial Advisory Committee with thecomposition and functions appearing in the annex to this resolution;

168

FURTHER DECIDES:

RESOLUTION 29 (Cg~X)

(1) To invite the President of WMO to serve as chairman of theFinancial Advisory Committee;

(2) To invite the six presidents of the WMO regional associations toserve on the Financial Advisory Committee;

(3) To invite the following Members to serve on the FinancialAdvisory Committee during the tenth financial period:

CanadaFranceGermany, Federal Republic ofItalyJapanUnion of Soviet Socialist RepublicsUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and.Northern IrelandUnited States of America


FINANCIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Composition:

1. The composition of the Financial Advisory Committee shall be thePresident of WMO, the Permanent Representatives of eight Members designated byCongress and the six presidents of WMO Regional Associations.

Functions:

2. The functions of the Financial Advisory Committee shall be to adviseCongress and Executive Council on budgetary and financial matters and beavailable to the President for advice in case of financial emergencies orunexpected events arising between sessions of the Executive Council. Theterms of reference will include the following:

To advise Congress and the Executive Council on budgetary mattersfor the forthcoming financial period (four years)·L

To advise Congress on modifications to Financial Regulations andProcedures as required;

To advise Congress and the Executive Council on all other financialand budgetary questions including proportional contributions andmatters related to extra-budgetary resources;

To advise the Executive Council on annual (or biennial) budgetstaking into account desired ceilings, application of flexibilityarrangements, effects of changes in exchange rates, inflation, andother factors;

To review the reports of the External Auditor and advise Congressand the Executive Council of appropriate actions.

Work schedule:


3. Congress shall establish the Financial Advisory Committee early in itssession to enable it to work during the Congress meeting. Subsequently, theFinancial Advisory Committee will meet sufficiently early to enable it tocarry out its work and prepare its recommendations in good time to enablesessions of Congress and the Executive Council to take into considerationadvice received and recommendations made. The President may, afterconsultations with members of the Financial Advisory Committee, seek advicefrom or invite to its meetings, representatives of Members, professionalbodies or individual experts as necessary subject to the budgetary limitsimposed by Congress.

Formulation of proposals:

4. The Financialprocedures of such WMOconsensus of views.

Advisory Committee shall follow the traditionalbodies, seeking to formulate its proposals through a

30 (Og-X) - ASSESSMENT OF PROPORTIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF MEMBERS FOR THE TENTHFINANCIAL PERIOD

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(ll Article 24 of the Convention of the World MeteorologicalOrganization,

(2) Resolution 38 (Cg-IX) - Assessment of proportional contributionsof Members for the ninth financial period,

CONSIDERING the need to introduce in the scale of assessments ofproportional contributions of Members adjustments to take account of thedifferences between the. Level of assessments in the United Nations and theWorld Meteorological Organization,

DECIDES:

(1) That the proportional contributions of Members for the tenthfinancial period (1988-1991) shall be assessed, based on the combination of 50per cent of the UN assessment for the period 1986-1988 and 50 per cent of theWMO scale of assessment for the year 1987, in two steps as set out in Table Iof the annex to this resolution;

(2) That the proportional assessment of contributions shall continueto be expressed in percentages to two decimal places;

(3) That the proportional contributions of countries specified inTable II in the annex which are not Members but which may become Members shallbe assessed as shown in Table II;

AUTHORIZES the Secretary-General to accept and implement any proposalfor the adjustment of individual percentage assessments submitted jointly by


two or more Members, provided that the aggregate percentage assessments of anyMembers submitting such a proposal shall remain after adjustment equal totheir aggregate assessments as set out in the annex to this resolution;

AUTHORIZES the Executive Council to make a provisional assessment inrespect of non-Members in the event of any such non-Members becoming Members,the method of assessment being based on principles similar to those governingthe assessments laid down in the annex to this resolution.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 38 (Cg-IX), which remains in forceonly until 31 December 1987.


TABLE I

PROPORTIONAL CONTRIBUTIONSFOR THE TENTH FINANCIAL PERIOD

Members Percentage assessments

AfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaAngolaArgentinaAustraliaAustriaBahamasBahrainBangladeshBarbadosBelgiumBelizeBeninBoliviaBotswanaBrazilBritish Caribbean TerritoriesBrunei DarussalamBulgariaBurkina FasoBurmaBurundiByelorussian S.S.R.CameroonCanadaCape VerdeCentral African RepublicChad

1988/1989

0.020.020.120.030.921.660.680.020.030.040.021.240.020.020.030.021.360.020.030.240.020.030.020.410.022.900.020.020.02

1990/1991

0.020.020.130.020.821. 650.700.020.030.030.021.220.020.020.020.021.370.020.040.220.020.020.020.380.022.940.020.020.02

RESOLUTION 30 ICg-X)

Members Percentage assessments

1988/1989 1990/1991

Chile 0.18 0.14China 1. 97 1. 55Colombia 0.19 0.17Comoros 0.02 0.02Congo 0.02 0.02Costa Rica 0.05 0.04Cote d'Ivoire 0.05 0.04Cuba 0.16 0.14Cyprus 0.03 0.03Czechoslovakia 0.81 0.77Democratic Kampuchea 0.02 0.02Democratic People's

Republic of Korea 0.07 0.06Democratic Yemen 0.02 0.02Denmark 0.73 0.72Djibouti 0.02 0.02Dominica 0.02 0.02Dominican Republic 0.05 0.05Ecuador 0.05 0.05Egypt 0.21 0.14El Salvador 0.02 0.02Ethiopia 0.02 0.02Fiji 0.02 0.02Finland 0.50 0.50France 5.74 5.91French Polynesia 00.02 0.02Gabon 0.03 0.03Gambia 0.02 0.02German Democratic Republic 1. 36 1.35Germany, Federal Republic of 7.08 7.41Ghana 0.06 0.02Greece 0.36 0.38Guatemala 0.05 0.04Guinea 0.02 0.02Guinea-Bissau 0.02 0.02Guyana 0.02 0.02Haiti 0.02 0.02Honduras 0.02 0.02Hong Kong 0.02 0.02Hungary 0.34 0.30Iceland 0.05 0.05India 0.90 0.67Indonesia 0.32 0.26Iran 0.52 0.56Iraq 0.11 0.12Ireland 0.21 0.20Israel 0.24 0.24Italy 3.18 3.36Jamaica 0.05 0.04Japan 7.59 8.53Jordan 0.02 0.02Kenya 0.02 0.02

171

172

Members

RESOLUTION 30 (Cg-Xl

Percentage assessments

KuwaitLao People's Democratic RepublicLebanonLesothoLiberiaLibyan Arab JamahiriyaLuxembourgMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaliMaltaMauritaniaMauritiusMexicoMongoliaMoroccoMozambiqueNepalNetherlandsNetherlands AntillesNew CaledoniaNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNorwayOmanPakistanPanamaPapua New Guinea·ParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalQatarRepublic of KoreaRomaniaRwandaSt. LuciaSao Tome & PrincipeSaudi ArabiaSenegalSeychellesSierra LeoneSingaporeSolomon IslandsSomalia

1988/1989

0.210.020.050.020.020.200.070.020.020.190.020.020.020.020.020.870.020.100.030.021. 500.020.020.360.020.020.220.560.030.120.050.020.030.160.210.910.210.060.190.270.020.020.020.640.020.020.020.090.020.02

1990/1991

0.240.020.020.020.020.220.070.020.020.160.020.020.020.020.020.870.020.080.020.021. 570.020.020.320.020.020.210.550.030.10.0.040.020.030.130.180.820.200.050.190.250.020.020.020.740.020.020.020.100.020.02

RESOLUTION 30 CCg-X) 173

Members

South Africa*SpainSri LankaSudanSurinameSwazilandSwedenSwitzerlandSyrian Arab RepublicThailandTogoTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkeyUgandaUkrainian S.S.R.Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsUnited Arab EmiratesUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and

Northern IrelandUnited Republic of TanzaniaUnited States of AmericaUruguayVanuatuVenezuelaViet NamYemenYugoslaviaZaireZambiaZimbabwe

Total


1988/1989 1990/1991

0.56 0.521.69 1. 790.03 0.020.03 0.020.02 0.020.02 0.021.31 1.291.13 1.120.09 0.070.17 0.150.02 0.020.06 0.050.05 0.050.41 0.380.02 0.021.40 1. 36

10.30 10.230.17 0.17

5.07 4.970.02 0.02

24.64 24.650.13 0.080.02 0.020.55 0.570.05 0.020.02 0.020.48 0.470.03 0.020.03 0.020.03 0.03

100.00 100.00=====;:::::: =======

* Suspended by Resolution 38 CCg-VII) from exercising its rights and enjoyingits privileges as a Member of WMO.

TABLE II

COUNTRIES WHICH MAY BECOME MEMBERS

Antigua and BarbudaBhutanEquatorial GuineaGrenadaKiribatiNauruSamoaSt Vincent and the GrenadinesTongaTuvalu


0.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.02


31 (Cq-X) - INCENTIVE SCHEME FOR EARLY PAYMENT OF CONTRIBUTIONS

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING,

(1) Article 12 of the Financial RegulationsMeteorological Organization - Investment of funds,

of the World

(2) That interest earned on investment of funds forms part of anysurplus distributable to Members,

(3) That the timely payment of assessed contributions generatesinvestable funds which produce interest,

(4) That the present procedures by which surplus is distributed isbased on the scale of assessments,

RECOGNIZING that under thearrears in payment of assesseddistribution of interest with thosetimely manner,

present procedure Members who are incontribution benefit equally, in the

Members who pay their contribution in a

CONSIDERING the need to provide incentives to Members to pay theircontribution in a timely manner,

ADOPTS the necessary revisions to the Financial Regulations*;

DECIDES:

(1) That, as from 1 January 1988, that part of the cash surplus,which represents interest credited to the General Fund, other than interestearned on the Working Capital Fund, shall be distributed to Member States onthe basis of a weighted scale of incentive points per thousand of Swiss /fTancsof current year contribution actually paid, taking account of the due ~date ofpayment, and the actual date of payment;

(3) That after adoption by the Executive Council of the accounts forthe financial period, the amount of distributable interest earned during thefinancial period will be apportioned amongst the Members according to the

* See Resolution 28 (Cg-X).

RESOLUTION 32 ICg-X) 175

incentive points accumulated during the same period, and credited to thecontribution accounts of Members sharing in the distribution.

32 ICg-X) - SECRETARY-GENERI\L'S CONTRACT

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING Article 211a) of the Convention of the World MeteorologicalOrganization,

DECIDES that the terms of appointment of the Secretary-General shouldbe as set forth in the contract contained in the annex to this resolution.

Annex to Resolution 32 ICg-X)

SECRETARY-GENERI\L'S CONTRACT

Worldshalland

In application of Article 21, paragraph la) of the Convention of theMeteorological Organization, prescribing that the Secretary-General

be appointed by the Congress on such terms as the Congress may approve;

Having regard to the resolution adopted by the Tenth Congress of theWorld Meteorological Organization approving the terms of appointment includedin the present agreement;

It is hereby agreed as follows:

~etween the World Meteorological Organization, hereinafter called theOrganization, represented by its President, on the one part, andProfessor G.O.P. Obasi, appointed Secretary-General by Tenth WorldMeteorological Congress during its meeting of 15 May 1987, on the other part,

1. The Secretary-General' s term of appointment shall take effect from1 January 1988.

2. The Secretary-General, at the time of taking up his appointment, shallsubscribe to the following oath or declaration:

"I solemnly swear Iundertake, affirm, promise) to exercise inloyalty, discretion and conscience the functions entrusted to meas an international civil servant of the World MeteorologicalOrganization, to discharge these functions and regulate my conductwith the interests of the Organization only in view, and not toseek or accept instructions in regard to the performance of myduties from any government or other authority external to theOrganization. II

This oath or declaration shall be made orally by the Secretary-Generalin the presence of the President and either a Vice-President or another memberof the Executive Council.


3. During the term of his appointment, the Secretary-General shall enjoythe privileges and immunities in keeping with his office which are granted himby appropriate agreements entered into by the Organization; he shall notengage in any activity that is incompatible with the proper discharge of hisduties as Secretary-General of the Organization; he shall renounce anyemployment or remunerated activities other than those of Secretary-General ofthe Organization, except those activities authorized by the Executive Council;he shall not accept any honour, decoration, favour, gift or remuneration fromany source external to the Organization without first obtaining the approvalof the Executive Council.

4. The term of appointment of the Secretary-General shall end:

(a) By expiration of this agreement on 31 December 1991; or

(b) By this official's resignation submitted in writing to the Presidentof the Organization, in which case the Secretary-General shall ceasehis functions two months after the date of acceptance of hisresignation by the Executive Council; or

(c) By termination for serious failure to carry out his duties andobligations, and in particular those set out in paragraphs (2) and (3)of this agreement. In such case, the Secretary-General shall be heardas of right by the Executive Council; if the Executive Council decidesto terminate the appointment, the decision shall take effect twomonths after the date of pronouncement and on conditions to bedetermined by the Executive Council. After consultation with theExecutive CounciL the President of the Organization may suspend theSecretary-General from the exercise of his functions pendinginvestigation by the Executive Council and until this Council hastaken a decision.

5. The Secretary-General shall receive from the Organization:

(a) An annual salary of 70 419 United States dollars net (after deductionfor staff assessment), with the application of the appropriate postadjustment at a rate equivalent to that applied to executive heads ofother comparable specialized agencies, salary and post adjustment tobe paid in monthly instalments; and

(b) An annual representation allowance of 11 400 United States dollars, tobe paid in monthly instalments; and

(c) Other allowances including dependency benefits, education,installation and repatriation grants, payment of removaL ifpertinent, and travel and subsistence allowances appropriate and underthe conditions applicable to Under-Secretaries of the United Nations.

All the above-mentioned sums will be paid in the currency of thecountry where the Secretariat is located, unless some other arrangement isagreed to by the Executive Council and the Secretary-General.

The salary and emoluments received from the Organization will be freeof tax.


6. The Secretary-General shall be allowed thirty working days' leave eachyear. In order that the Secretary-General may take his annual leave every twoyears in his home country, the Organization shall pay the expenses inconnexion with the travel of the Secretary-General, his spouse and hisdependent children, under the conditions applicable to Under-Secretaries ofthe United Nations.

7. Theestablishedfavourableofficial of

Secretary-General shall participate in any social security schemeby the Organization, the benefits he would receive being not lessthan those which would accrue in similar circumstance to anthe next highest rank of the staff covered by the scheme.

8. Any divergence of views concerning the application or interpretationof the present agreement, which it shall not have been possible to settle bydirect discussion between the parties, can be submitted by one or the other ofthe parties to the judgement of the Administrative Tribunal, the competence ofwhich is recognized by the Organization, whose decisions will be final. Forany appeals by the Secretary-General against the non-observation of thestatutes of the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund, of which theSecretary-General shall be a participant in accordance with the regulationsand rules of that Fund, the Administrative Tribunal whose jurisdiction hasbeen accepted by the Organization for pension cases is recognized hereby asthe competent arbitrator.

Done and signed in duplicate at on the 1987.

President of the WorldMeteorological Organization

Secretary-General appointedby the Tenth

World Meteorological Congress

33 (Cg-X) - REVISION OF THE GENERAL REGULATIONS

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Article 8(d) of the Convention of the World MeteorologicalOrganization,

(2) The General Regulations of the Organization as approved by NinthCongress and published in Edition 1983 of WMO Publication No. 15 (BasicDocuments),

CONSIDERING that in the light of experienceCongress in the application of these regulations andclarification, some amendments to the General Regulations

gained since Ninthin the interest of

are required,

178 RESOLUTION 33 (Gg-X)

ADOPTS the new or amended regulations as listed in the annex to thisresolution;

RETAINS IN FORCE the present regulations not included in the annex tothis resolution;

DECIDES that the General Regulations so amended shall become effectiveimmediately after the closure of Tenth Congress except as may be otherwiseprovided for in other resolutions of Tenth Congress;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General to arrange for the publication of a newedition of \'/MO Publication No. 15 (Basic Documents) containing the full textof the General Regulations as so amended.


TEXTS OF NEW OR AMENDED GENERAL REGULATIONS

NOTE: (1) Additions to existing texts are underlined; deletions fromexisting texts are scored through.

Definitions

delegate A person accredited by a Member of the Organization torepresent it in a session of. Congress, a regionalassociation or a technical commission.

member (new text) A person elected or designated and serving on the ExecutiveCouncilor a Technical Commission or on any subsidiarybodies such as committees, sub-committees, panels orworking groups.

recorrunenda t i on· A C\ecision! #·any constituentwhich requiresimplementation

¢.p~Uf.tU UJ. 'i.~~M#U,.M t~~#~ tm. ofbody or of any of its subordinate bodies

approval by a higher body before

resolution A decision! 4¢#U/.f.t~~ Nt 'i.~~M#U,.Mt~~ #-4t1~! ofany constituent body which does not require· approval by ahigher body before implementation

Regulation 9(6)

(6) To furnish to each ordinary session of Congress and of theExecutive Council the report prescribed in Regulations tn 134 andt~~ 154 respectively;

Regulation 15

If thevice-president.

Thirdof a

Vice-President ofregional association

theor

Organization (or atechnical commission)


resigns or is not able or eligible to carry out the functions of thisoffice, for any cause, and if the vacancy is notified to theSecretary-General at least 180 days before the next ordinary sessionof the body concerned, the president of the body concerned shallarrange for the election of a Third Vice-President (or vice-president,in the case of a regional association or technical cormnission) toserve for a period not exceeding the term of office of the officerwhom he replaces.

Regulation 28

(~) Each cormnittee may •.. (same as present Regulation 28);

(~) At each session of Congress an open subcormnittee on hydrologyshall be established, attended as a rule by those hydrologicaladvisers of permanent representatives and/or thoserepresentatives of Hydrological Services included in thedelegations of Members.

Regulation 38

To replace "time" by "date" in this and the following regulations:45; 47; 125; 166 and 180.

Regulation 70 (French text)

~~pt t~t ~t~ttt~pt t~f t~ff~tt~p~~P¢~J"Lors d I un vote par correspondance,election, un vote n'est valable que si

(a)

no change(b)

Regulation 73

y compris dans IeIe bulletin de vote:"

cas d1une

The rules as given in Regulations 59 to 61 and 92 to 106 are notapplicable in the case of votes conducted by correspondence.

Regulation 90

Before proceeding with the election, the Secretary-General shallascertain that each person whose name has been submitted is willing tobe included among the candidates for election. For this purpose, aperiod of thirty days shall be allocated, after which he shallestablish the final list of candidates.

When the list of candidates contains only one name, this candidateshall be declared elected.

180

Existing text: no change

Additional new paragraph:


Regulation 91

II second ballot in conformity with General Regulation 84, will however not beheld if the results of the first ballot are not available at least 180 daysbefore the next ordinary session of the body concerned.

Insert:Regulation 113 (new text)*

"The Secretary-General shall distribute the abridged final reportof a session of a constituent body to all Members of the Organization,all members of the Executive Council, all Presidents of TechnicalCommissions, all persons present at the session, other persons ororganizations at his discretion and, in the case of TechnicalCommissions, all members of the Technical Commissions concerned whowere not present at the session.

In the case of Regional Associations or Technical Commissions, theSecretary-General shall also submit the abridged final report with thecomments received from the Presidents of the other Associations andCommissions concerned in accordance with Regulation 122 to theExecutive Council with proposals for action to be taken on each itemof the report. He shall also prepare and distribute a documentshowing the action taken by the Executive Council, if any, to allrecipients of the abridged final report."

* Existing Regulation 113 and following are to be renumbered accordingly.

Regulation 117

The English, French, Russian and Spanish languages shall be used in theTechnical Commissions and their: committiles. In addition, interpreters andinterpretation facilities shall also be provided for the use of the Arabic andChinese languages; 1J.P¢J"iJ #r!lMU

Second paragraph: no change

'Regulation ,132

IIdditional new item:

(9) Long-term planning

The following items to be renumbered.

Regulation 151

(e) In accordance with •.. (same as present Regulation 151)


(~) Hydrological advisers to Presidents of Regional Associations shouldbe invited to attend those sessions of the Executive Council whichdeal with policy questions related to hydrology and water resources,the material arrangements for this attendance being the same asthose applicable to Presidents of Regional Associations.

Regulation 152 (new text)

The provisional agenda for an ordinaryCouncil shall be prepared by the Presidentconsultation with the Secretary-General and shall

session of the Executiveof the Organization innormally include:

(1) Reports by the President of the Organization, theSecretary-General, Presidents of Associations and Commissions;

(2) Review of WMO programmes;

(3) Programme and budget for the next biennium;

(4) Long-term planning;

(5) Co-operation with the United Nations and other internationalorganizations;

(6) General, legal and administrative matters, including thereport of the external auditor and staff matters;

(7)

(8 )

(9 )

Thedeterminedapproval.

Items submitted by members or by the Secretary-General;

Scientific lectures and discussions;

Review of previous resolutions of the Executive Council.

order in which these items are to be discussed shall beby the President and submitted to the Executive Council for

Regulation 164

The President and Vice-PresidentRegulation 164);

(same as present

(~) The President of an Association should be assisted by aregional hydrological adviser designated at each regularsession of the Regional Association in accordance withRegulation 31, who should be a representative of a serviceresponsible for operational hydrology and should preferably bethe chairman of the Regional Association working group onhydrology. His duties are specified in Annex IV*


*(Annex IV to the General Regulations)

TERMS OF REFERENCE OF REGIONAL HYDROLOGICAL ADVISERS TOPRESIDENTS OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATIONS

1. To maintain contact, through the president of the Regional Associationand permanent representatives of Members, with Hydrological Services ofMembers.

2. To collateoperational hydrologyResource Programme.

information on needs and activities in the field ofin the Region as an input to the WMO Hydrology and Water

3. Between sessions of the Regional Association, to advise its Presidenton the above matters.

4. To perform any other duties entrusted to him by the President of theRegional Association."

Regulation 167

Notification of the date and place of the session shall bedistributed by the Secretary-General at least one hundred' and twentydays before the date of opening to the Members of the Organization,the presidents of all the other constituent bodies, the UnitedNations, all other international organizations with which theOrganization has concluded arrangements or agreements and, inconformity with Regulations 17 and 18, to other· persons. Theprovisional agenda and an explanatory memorandum summarizing theproblems to be discussed shall be sent also to the addressees of thenotification at least one hundred and twenty days before the date ofopening. The documents for the session shall be sent as soon aspossible, and preferably not later than ninety days before the openingof the session, to Members of the association and to presidents oftMVJMUt ¢t/>,/:.M-t#</,.M constituent .bodies, andalso to the otherMembers of the Organization and :Jttt/> to those t/>tMIorganizations or persons invited who have indicated their intention tobe represented at or to attend the session.


The provisional agenda for a session of a Regional Association shallbe prepared by the President of· the Association in consultation with theSecretary-General and shall normally include:

(1) Consideration of the report on credentials;

(2) Establishment of committees;

(3) A report by the President of the Association;

(4) Reports by chairmen of working groups established and rapporteursappointed by the Association;

(5) Consideration of regional aspects of WMO programmes;


(6) Consideration of regional aspects of long-term planning;

(7) Scientific lectures and discussions;

183

(8) ItemsExecutive Council,Nations and Members;

submitted by the President of the Organization, theother Associations, Technical Commissions, the United

(9) Review of previous resolutions and recommendations of theAssociation;

(10) Review of the Executive Council resolutions related to theAssociation;

(11) Election of officers.

At each session, each Association shall receive from theSecretary-General a list of all Executive Council resolutions relatedto its field of activity and which are still in force, and shallconsider whether each of those resolutions shall be kept in force orotherwise; in particular, the session shall consider the possibilityof including as much as possible of the substance of those resolutionsin the appropriate publications of the Organization and makeappropriate recommendations.

The order in which the items are to be discussed shall bedetermined by the President and submitted to the Association forapproval.

Regulation 174

ANN E X III

STRUCTURE AND TERMS OF REFERENCE·OFTECHNICAL COMMISSIONS

(Reference: Regulation 174)

The Technical Commissions .of the World Meteorological Organizationestablished by Congress are classified in two groups as follows:

I. Basic Commissions

Commission for Basic Systems (CBS)

Commission for Instruments and Methods ofObservation (CIMO)

Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (CAS)

Basic operationsand facilities

Research in atmospheric sciences


II. Applications Commissions

Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (CAeM)

Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM)

Commission for Marine Meteorology (CMM)

Commission for Climatology (CCl)

Regulation 174

ANNEX III

Individual terms of reference

II. APPLICATIONS COMMISSIONS

1. Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (CAeM)

Applicationsto economicand socialactivities

The Commission shall be responsible* for matters relating to:

(a) Applications of meteorology to aviation, taking into account therelevant meteorological developments in both ~y. the scientific andpractical fields;

(b) The study of aeronautical requirements for meteorological services andarranging so far as possible. for these requirements to be met eitherby its own action or, when co-ordination is necessary, by referringthe requirements to the relevant constituent bodies;

International standardization of methods, procedurestechniques employed or·appropriate for employment in:

and

(i) The application .of meteorology to aeronautics and the provisionof meteorological .services to international air navigation;

(ii) The making, reporting and dissemination of meteorologicalobservations from aircraft;

(~) Consideration of requirements for basic meteorological data needed foraeronautical meteorological purposes;

(e) Consideration of requirements for climatological data needed foraeronautical meteorological purposes;

(f) Consideration of aeronautical requirementsobservations and specialized instruments.

for meteorological

* In co-operation with ICAO whenever appropriate.


2. Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM)

The Commission should be responsible for matters relating to:(a) to (f): no changeadditional new paragraph:

(g) Fisheries (food aspects only)

Regulation 181

185

Notification of the date and place of a session shall bedistributed by the Secretary-General at least one hundred and twentydays before the opening meeting to the Members of the Organization,to the members of the commission, to the presidents of all the otherconstituent bodies, to the United Nations, all other internationalorganizations with which the Organization has concluded arrangementsor agreements and, in conformity with the provisions of Regulations17 and 18, to other persons. The provisional agenda and anexplanatory memorandum summarizing the problems to be discussed shallalso be sent to the addressees of the notification at least onehundred and twenty days before the date of opening. The documentsfor the session shall be sent as soon as possible, and preferably notlater than ninety days before the opening of the session, to membersof the commission and to the presidents of constituent bodies, andalso to those Mem~s of the Organization and to those ~t~¢torganizations or persons invited who have indicated their intentionto be represented at or to attend the session.


The provisional agenda for a session of a Commission shall beprepared by the President of the Commission in consultation with theSecretary-General and shall normally include:

(1) Consideration of the report on credentials;

(2) Establishment of committees;

(3) A report by the President of the Commission;

(4) Reports by chairmen of working groups established andrapporteurs appointed by the Commission;

(5) Consideration of the WMO programmes relevant to theCommission;

(6) Consideration of long-term planning relevant to theCorrunission;

(7) Items submitted by the President of the Organization, theExecutive Council, other Commissions, Associations, the United Nationsand Members;


(8) Scientific lectures and discussions in the field of theCOllUll-ission;

(9) Review of previous resolutions and reconunendations of theConunission;

(10) Review of the Executive Council resolutions related to theCommission;

(11) Election of officers.

At each session, each Conunission shall receive from theSecretary-General a list of all Executive Council resolutions relatedto its field of activity which are still in force and shall considerwhether each of those resolutions shall be kept in force or otherwise;in particular, the session shall consider the possibility of includingas much as possible of the substance of those resolutions in theappropriate publications of the Organization and to make appropriaterecommendations.

The orderdetermined byapproval.

in which thethe President

items are to beand submitted to

discussed shallthe Conunission

befor

Regulation 188

(to be deleted)

34 (Cg~X) - REVIEW OF PREVIOUS CONGRESS RESOLUTIONS

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Regulation 132 of the General Regulations concerning the reviewof previous Congress resolutions,

(2) Resolution 49 CCg-IX) - Review of previous Congress resolutions,

CONSIDERING that it is important not to let accumulate a collection ofresolutions from various Congresses, some of which have become redundant orhave been replaced by new decisions,

HAVING EXAMINED its previous resolutions still in force,

DECIDES:

(1) To keep in force the following resolutions:

Second Congress (Cg-II) 18

Third Congress (Cg-III) 3, 4, 29

Fourth Congress (Cg-IV) 46


Fifth Congress (Cg-V) 6, 15, 30

Seventh Congress (Cg-VII) 7, 9, 23, 24, 32, 38, 39

Eighth Congress (Cg-VIII) 1, 3, 24, 26, 33, 36, 45, 48

Ninth Congress (Cg-IX) 4, 9, 30, 39, 46

(2) To keep in force but only until 31 December 1987:

Resolutions 33, 35, 36, 38, 40 (Cg-IX);

187

(3) To keep in force, but only until 30 June 1988, Resolution 1(Cg-IX) ;

(4) That it is not necessary to keep in force the resolutionsconcerning changes to the Convention, as soon as a revised edition of theBasic Documents of the Organization (WMO Publication No. 15) incorporatingthese changes, has been issued;

(5) Not to keep in force resolutions adopted before the tenth sessionof Congress and not mentioned under paragraphs (1), (2) and (3);

(6) To publish the texts of resolutions kept in force pursuant toresolutions adopted by Tenth Congress*.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 49 (eg-IX), which is no longer inforce.

* The full texts of resolutions of Congress and the Executive Council whichare kept in force are published in WMO Publication No. 508.

Annexes

I

II

LIST OF ~JEXES TO THE GENERAL SUMMARY

Title

Annex to paragraph 5.1.5 of the general summaryProgramme of sessions of constituent bodiesduring the tenth financial period (1988-1991) .

Annex to paragraphs 8.5 and 8.18 of the generalsummaryProgramme events and activities to be implementedsubject to availability of funds ....•..•.•.....•.•.....

190

192

III Annex to paragraphCongress decisionsthe WMO Convention

10.2.2 of the general summaryrelating to Article 28 of

195

ANNEX I

Annex to paragraph 5.1.5 of the general summary

PROGRAMME OF SESSIONS OF CONSTITUENT BODIESDURING THE TENTH FINANCIAL PERIOD (1988-1991)

Session

1988

Executive Council(fortieth session)

Regional Association II(ninth session)

Commission for Basic Systems(ninth session)

Commission for Hydrology(eighth session)

Commission for Marine Meteorology(tenth session)

1989

Executive Council(forty-first session)

Regional Association III(tenth session)

Regional Association IV(tenth session)

Regional Association V(tenth session)

Commission for Climatology(tenth session)

Commission for Instrumentsand Methods of Observation(tenth session)

1990

Executive Council(forty-second session)

Place

Geneva

China

Geneva

Czechoslovakia

France

Geneva

Ecuador/Paraguay

Canada

Belgium

Geneva

ANNEX I

Session

Regional Association I(tenth session)

Regional Association VI(tenth session)

Commission for Atmospheric Sciences(tenth session)

Commission for AeronauticalMeteorology (ninth session)

Commission for Basic Systems(extraordinary session)

Eleventh World MeteorologicalCongress

Executive Council(forty-third)

Commission for AgriculturalMeteorology (tenth session)

Place

Egypt

Bulgaria

Germany, FederalRepublic of

United Kingdom

Geneva

Geneva

191

ANN E X II

Annex to paragraphs 8.5 and 8.18 of the general summary

PROGRAMME EVENTS AND.ACTIVITIES TO BE IMPLEMENTED SUBJECTTO AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS

Budgetitem

3.1.03.1.6

Description

Project 3.10.1 (g) Assistance tothe president of CBS

Project 3.10.1(a) 2 expert meetings(b) travel of Secretariat staff

3.1.8 Project 3.18.2 (b)Project 3.18.3 (a)

1.01.0 Executive Council to look into the questionof the use of Arabic at the session ofEleventh Congress for documentation purposes

5.4 Copying/producing of video cassettes

Regional activities

Project 3.7.0.2 - Proposed additional sessions of regional working groups

AAI

(i) One session of AA I Working Groupon WWW Planning Co-ordination andImplementation

(ii) One session of AA I Working Group onClimate Data Management and User Services

AA III

(i) One session of AA III Working Groupon the World Climate Programme

(ii) One session of AA III Working Groupon Agricultural Meteorology

(iii) One session of AA III Working Groupon Regional Aspects of WWW

ANNEX II

RA IV

Two sessions of RA IV Hurricane Committee

Project 3.7.0.6 - Implementation co-ordination meetings

RAI

One meeting on OWSE-A

193

Project 3.7.0.4 Training seminars/workshops/courses

Project 3.17.1

RAI

item (i) 2 courses on tropical meteorologyand tropical cyclone forecasting,Type: I.2 (modified) (to besupported by WMO and other funds)(proposed to be budgeted underProject 3.70.4)

(i) One seminar on data-base managementand data-processing

(ii) One seminar on communication techniquesbetween meteorologists and users ofmeteorological and hydrological products

(iii) One seminar on long-range weatherforecasting

(iv) One seminar on wind and solar energy

(v) One session on NWP in the tropics

(vi) One workshop on air pollution

(vii) RA I/RA II symposium on local weathersystems in Red Sea area

(viii) One workshop on maintenance ofradiosonde and radiowind equipmentand weather radar

RA VI

(ix) One RA VI seminar on the use ofArea Forecast Products

(x) One workshop on Air Pollution

194

Others

ANNEX II

RAIII

(i) Publication of Climatic Atlas

(ii) Support for the Regional Agrometeoro1ogica1Bibliography Centre

ANN E X III

Annex to paragraph 10.2.2 of the general summary

CONGRESS DECISIONS RELATING TO ARTICLE 28 OFTHE WMO CONVENTION

Acceptability of proposed amendments (Article 28(a»

1. By Resolution 4 (Cg-III) (see reference 1), Third Congress agreed thatonly Members which are States, being the Contracting Parties to theConvention, have a prescriptive right to propose amendments to theConvention. However, Congress, being an assembly of the Members which areStates, instructed the Executive Council (Executive Committee till NinthCongress, 1983) to keep the Convention under continuous review betweensessions of Congress and to submi t to Congress the text of any proposedamendment to the Convention which may appear to it to be necessary, bearing inmind the provisions of Article 28(a) of the Convention (see reference 2).

for submitting the proposed amendments,limitthe timeagreed:ihirdco~~~er!i:~~~

(a) That proposals for amendments to the Convention submitted by Memberswhich are States must be received by the Secretary-General in time forhim to communicate its text to Members at least six months in advanceof a session of Congress (see reference 2);

(b) That proposals for amendments to the Convention made by the Executive .Council in accordance with Resolution 4 (Cg-III), must be communicated U

ito Members at leastn;,'l'!months.bef.<;H:e....truL..beginning of C,?ng.L'lflll (see r1'reference 3) .. Thic;Vprocedurewaslaid' downc-·to'giVe,·the opporl:unity to'IMemoe'j*·!f·....hieh are States to submi t, if they so wish, counter proposals, to those submitted by EC.

3. Sixth Congress decided that- in the course of its consideration, asrequired by the provisions of Article 28 of a draft amendment to theConvention, Congress may receive, discuss and, if it so decides, adopt anyproposal for modifying this draft, provided that the proposed modificationwould not result in a change in the basic intent of the draft amendment or in 'the introduction of a new subject. If any modification is proposed which does ~,..,not satisfy either of these conditions, it must be proposed as a separate new i

~·i

amendment to the Convention in accordance with the provisions of Article 28(a)(see reference 4).

Adoption of amendments under Article 28(b)I

4. Third Congress specified that the two-thirds majority required for"approval by Congress of an amendment under Article 28 (b) shall be two-thirds'of the Members which are States present at Congress and voting for or against(see reference 5).

5. Third Congress also agreed that the acceptance of an amendment to theConvention after being approved by Congress under Article 28(b), is effected

196 ANNEX III

by the deposit with the depository Government (the United States of America)of a formal instrument (see reference 5).

6. Amendments to the Convention by Congress under Article 28(b) will comeinto force on the date at which the Member which is the State completing thetwo-thirds of all Members which are States, deposits its instrument of

~ccePtance as mentioned in the previous paragraph. Such amendments will comento force only for those Members which are States accepting the amendment astipulated by Article 28(b) (see reference 5).

7 . Sixth Congress reiterated that the two-thirds majority required forthe approval by Congress of an amendment under Article 28(b) shall betwo-thirds of the Members which are States, present and voting for or against(see reference 4).

Adoption of amendments under Article 28(c)

8; Third Congress was of the opinion that when approval given by Congressunder Article 28(c) comprises two_thirds of the Member States, theseamendments enter into force at once. However, by Resolution 3 (Cg-III), (seereference 6) Congress considered that an amendment to the Convention, which isin good form and does not fall under the provisions of Article 28Ib), can beadopted during the session of Congress on approval by two-thirds of theMembers which are States, and that Congress may fix a date on which suchamendments shall come into force (see reference 5).

9. Sixth Congress decided that if a draft amendment to the Conventionbeing treated in accordance with the provisions of Article 28 (c) is acceptedin Congress by a two-thirds majority of the Members which are States votingfor and against, but the number of affirmative votes is less than the requiredtwo~thirds majority of all Members which are States, the same draft amendmentshall be submitted to the next Congress for a new vote if Congress so decides(see reference 4).

Adoption of amendments by correspondence

10. By Resolution 2 ICg-II) (see reference 7) Second Congress instructedthe Executive Council to prepare a draft amendment to Article 13 of theConvention and to submit it without delay to the Member States requesting themto express their views thereon by postal ballot (see reference 8).

11. Third Congress was of the opinion that the formal adoption of a draftamendment to the Convention solely by a postal vote is neither permissible nordesirable (see reference 9).

12. Sixth Congress decided, in agreement with the position taken by ThirdCongress, that an amendment being treated under the provisions ofArticle 28(c) shall not be submitted to a vote by correspondence for thepurpose of securing approval by the necessary two-thirds majority of Memberswhich are States (see reference 10).

13. Ninth Congress decided, in view of the importance of the matter underconsideration lthe proposed amendments to Articles 3 and 34 of the Conventionenabling the United Nations Council for Namibia to become a Member of theOrganization) and to enable all Members to vote including those not present atthe session, to request the Executive Council to arrange for a vote by

ANNEX III 197

correspondence on the adoption of the above-mentioned amendments (seereference 11).

REF ERE N C E S

1. Resolution 4 (Cg-III) Submission of proposals for amending theConvention by the Executive Committee.

2. Cg-III, abridged report, general summary, paragraphs 3.1.1.1 and 3.1.1.2.

3. Cg-III, Proceedings - Minutes of the seventh plenary meeting, paragraph21.

4. Cg-VI, abridged report, general summary, paragraph 5.1.2.

5. Cg-III, abridged report, general summary, paragraph 3.1.1.3.

6. Resolution 3 ICg-III) - Implementation of amendments to the Convention.

7. Resolution 2 ICg-II) - Amendment of Article 13(c) of the Convention.

8. Cg-II, abridged report, general summary, paragraph 48.

9. Cg-III, abridged report, general summary, paragraph 3.1.1.4.

10. Cg-VI, abridged report, general summary, paragraph 5.1.3.

11. Cg-IX, abridged report, general summary, paragraph 10.1.10.

LIS T OF DOC U MEN T S

Doc.No.

1

Title

Provisional agenda

I. "DOC" series

Agendaitem

1.3

Submittedby

2

3

4

5

6

Explanatory memorandum relating tothe provisional agenda for TenthCongress

Consolidated programme and budget1988-1991

Secretary-General's proposals

REV. 1

Consolidated programme and budget1988-1991

Report of the Executive Council onthe Secretary-General's proposedprogramme and budget for the tenthfinancial period

Education and Training Programme

Second WMO Long-term Plan, Part II,Vol. 6 - Education and TrainingProgramme


Second WMO Long-term Plan, Part II,Vol. 1 - World Weather WatchProgramme

1.3

8

8

3.6

3.1

Secretary-General

Executive Council

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Doc.No.

7

8

9

10

11

12

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Title


Second WMO Long-term Plan, Part II,Vol. 3 - Research and DevelopmentProgramme


Second WMO Long-term Plan, Part II,Vol. 2 - World Climate Programme

Appointment of the Secretary-General

Hydrology and Water ResourcesProgramme

Second WMO Long-term Plan, Part II,Vol. 5 - Hydrology and WaterResources Programme

Long-term planning

General approach, adoption of theSecond Long-term Plan (1988-1997)and preparation of the ThirdLong-term Plan (1992-2001)

ADD. 1

Agricultural Meteorology Programme;Report of the president of CAgM

Aeronautical Meteorology Programme;Report of the president of CAeM

Marine Meteorology Programme, IGOSSand other ocean-related activities;Report of the president of CMM

Second WMO Long-term Plan, Part II,Vol. 4 - Applications of MeteorologyProgramme

Agendaitem

3.3

3.2

11.3

3.5

7

3.4.1

3.4.2

3.4.3

199

Submittedby

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

President of WMO

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

200 LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Doc.No.

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

Title

Technical Co-operation Programme

Second WMO Long-term Plan, Part II,Vol. 7 - Technical Co-operationProgramme

Report by the President of theOrganization

Hydrology and Water ResourcesProgramme, overall review;Report of the president of CHy

Operational Hydrology Programme


ADD. 1

Questions concerning the Convention


IMO and WMO Prizes


Report by the president of theCommission for Marine Meteorology

Education and Training Programme

Agendaitem

4

2.1

3.5.0

3.5.1

3.53.5.03.5.13.5.23.5.3

10.2

3.4.1

10.1

3.4.3

3.63.6.03.6.4

Submittedby

Secretary-General

President of WMO

President of CHy

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

President of CMM

Secretary-General

LIST OF DOCUMENTS 201

Doc.No.

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

Title


WWW implementation and operation ofthe WWW: Status report

The thirteenth status report on theimplementation of the WWW

ADD. 1ADD. 2

Financial matters

Revision of Financial Regulations

WMO satellite activities

World Climate Impact StudiesProgramme


Revision of the General Regulations

Proposals by the Executive Council·

World Climate Programme; Report ofthe president of eCl

Report of the president of CCI


Regional activities; Reports ofpresidents of regional associations

Report by the president of RegionalAssociation II (Asial

Agendaitem

3.1.03.1.6

9.2

3.1. 9

3.2.3

5.1

10.3

3.2.0

3.4.3

3.7.1

Submittedby

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

UNEP

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

President of CCI

Secretary-General

Acting presidentof RA II

202

Doc.No.

Title

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Agendaitem

Submittedby

31

32

33

34

35


Report by the president of RegionalAssociation V (South-West Pacific)



Interpretation of the term"designated" in General Regulation 141

United Nations Development Programme(UNDP)

World Climate Research Programme

ADD. 1

3.7.1

3.23.2.03.2.13.2.23.2.33.2.4

10.3

4.2

3.2.4

President of R1\ V

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

36 Instruments and MethodsObservation Programme;the president of CIMO

ofReport of

3.1. 8 President of CIMO

37

38

Report by the president of theCommission for Instruments andMethods of Observation

Financial matters

Financial Advisory Committee

ADD. 1

World Weather Watch Programme;Report of the president of CBS

Report of the president of CBS

9.2

3.1. 0

Secretary-General

President of CBS


Doc.No.

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

Title

Financial report of theSecretary-General

Text-processing and computer support


Report of the president of CAgM

Proportional contributions ofMembers


Programme of sessions ofconstituent bodies 1988-1991

APPENDIX, REV. 1APPENDIX, REV. 2

Staff matters

Classification of posts

ADD. 1

Tropical Cyclone Programme

Agendaitem

9.1

5.3

3.4.1

9.3

5.1

9.4

3.1. 7

Submittedby

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

President of CAgM

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

46

47

Instruments and MethodsObservation Programme;the president of CIMO

Antarctic meteorology

ofReport of

3.1.8

3.7.2

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

48 Aeronautical Meteorology Programme;Report of the president of CAeM

3.4.2 Secretary-General

204 LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Doc.No.

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

Title

Staff matters

Procedures for appointments ofsenior staff

Report of the Executive Council


Report of the president of CAeM


Research and Development Programme;Report of the president of CAS

Report of the president of CAS

Voluntary Co-operation Programme

Report on the WMO VoluntaryCo-operation Programme (VCP)

APPENDICES A and B, REV. 1

Consolidated report on amendmentsto the Technical Regulations

ADD. 1APPENDIX E, REV. 1

Co-operation with the United Nationsand other organizations

ADD. 1


Report of the president of RA IV

Agendaitem

9.4

3.4.2

3.33.3.03.3.5

3.3.0

4.3

2.2

6

3.7.1

Submittedby

Secretary-General

President of CAeM

Secretary-General

President of CAS

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

President of RA IV


Doc.No.

57

Title

General review of the TechnicalCo-operation Programme

Agendaitem

4.1

Submittedby

.Secretary-General

Organization and funding of the 4.4Technical Co-operation Programme

58

59

60

61

Long-term planning

Analysis of comments received onthe draft Second WMO Long-term Plan(SLTP)


Report of the president of RA III

Financial matters

WMO building


Implementation and furtherdevelopment of the WWW - specificitems

7

3.7.1

9.2

3.1

Secretary-General

Pres ident ofRA III

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

62 Regional activiUes; Reports of 3.7.1 President of RA Ipresidents of regional associations

Report of the president of RA I

63 Publications Programme 5.2 Secretary-General

64 IMO lecture and 12 Secretary-Generalscientific discussions

65 Regional acUvities; Reports of 3.7.1 Acting presidentpresidents of regional associations of RA VI

Report of the president of RA VI

206

Doc.No.

66

Title

Public information

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Agendaitem

5.4

Submittedby

Secretary-General

67

68

69

70

71

72

73


Financial matters

Revision of Financial Regulations

ADD. 1ADD. 2ADD. 2, APPENDIX, REV. 1


Meteorological and hydrologicalaspects concerning accidentalrelease of hazardous materials withpotential transboundary effects

Review of the previousresolutions of Congress

Programme support services;Conference Programme

Timing of WMO meetings


Use of the Arabic language


Radioactive contamination of theenvironment in the Chernobylemergency zone

ADD. 1

3.7.1

9.2

3.1

10.4

5.1

10.3

3.1

Secretary-General

Submitted byAustralia,Belgium, Canada,France, Fed. Rep.of Germany,Italy, Japan,Netherlands,Spain,Switzerland, UKand USA

President of WMO

Secretary-General

Saudia Arabia

Saudia Arabia

USSR

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Doc. TitleNo.

Agendaitem

207

Submittedby

74 Staff matters

Conditions of service in the UNcommon system

9.4 President of theStaff Committee

II. "PINK" series

1 First report of the CredentialsCommittee

1.5 Chairman,CredentialsCommittee

2 Financial matters - Financial 9.2Advisory Committee

REV. 1

3 Organization of the session 1

4 Appointment of the Secretary-General 11. 3

President of WMO

President of WMO

Chairman,NominationCommittee

5

6

7

B

9

Second report of the CredentialsCommittee


Text-processing and computersupport

Election of the President and VicePresidents of the Organization Election of the President

Election of the President and VicePresident of the Organization Election of the Vice-Presidents

1.5

3.5

5.3

11.1

11.1

Chairman,CredentialsCommittee

Co-chairman,Committee B

Co-ch'-t i rman,Committee A



208

Doc. TitleNo.

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Agendaitem

Submittedby

10 Appointment of the SecretaryGeneral

11 Third report of the CredentialsCommittee

12 Tropical Cyclone Programme Instruments and Methods of Observation Programme; Report of thepresident of CIMO

13 WMO satellite activities

14 Election of Members of the ExecutiveCouncil

15 Fourth report of the CredentialsCommittee

16 World Weather Watch Programme; Reportof the president of CBS; Global DataProdessing System - Global ObservingSystem - Global TelecommunicationSystem - WWW Data Management - WWW·implementation support activity WWW implementation co-ordination

17 World Climate Impact Studies Programme

REV. 1

11.3

1.5

3.1. 73.1. 8

3.1. 9

11.2

1.5

3.1.03.1.13.1. 6

3.2.3

President of WMO



Co-chairman,CommitteeB

Chairman,Nomination·Committee



Co-chairman,COmmittee. B

18 World Climate Research Programme 3.2.4 Co-chairman,Committee B


Doc. TitleNo.

19 World Climate Programme; Reportof the president of CCI - WorldClimate Data Programme - WorldClimate Applications Programme

REV. 1

Agendaitem

3.23.2.03.2.1

Submittedby


20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

IMO lecture and scientificdiscussions

Election of the President and VicePresidents of the Organization

Research and Development Programme;Report of the president of CAS Programme on short- and medium-rangeweather prediction research Programme on long-range forecastingresearch - Tropical MeteorologyResearch Programme - EnvironmentalPollution Monitoring and ResearchProgramme - Cloud Physics andWeather Modification ResearchProgramme

Consolidated report on amendmentsto the Technical Regulations

Antarctic Meteorology



Election and appointments - Electionof the Executive Council

12

11.1

3.33.3.03.3.13.3.5

2.2

3.7.2

3.4.2

5.1

11.2

President of WMO

President of WMO


Co-chairman,Committee A




President of WMO

210

Doc. TitleNo.

28 Public information

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Agendaitem

5.4

Submittedby


29 Financial matters - WMO building

30 Agricultural Meteorology Programme;Report of the president of CAgM

31 IMO and WMO Prizes

32 Regional activities; Reports ofpresidents ofregional assoc-iations

REV. 1

9.2

3.4.1

10.1

3.7.1



Co-chairman,Cammittee is.


33

3·4

35

36

37

Co-operation with the United Nationsand other organizations

Publications Programme

Education and Training Programme Education and Training Programme,,Overall Review - Manpower development Training activities - Education andtraining fellowships - Support toTraining Events Under Other Programmes

Questions concerning the Convention

General Review of the TechnicalCo-operation Programme - VoluntaryCo-operation Programme - Organization and Funding of the TechnicalCo-operation Programme

6

5.2

3.63.6.03.6.4

10.2

4.14.34.4

CO-chairman,Committee is.

CO-chairman,Committee A



Co-chairn 3.n,Commi ttee A

LIST DF DOCUMENTS 211

Doc.No.

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Title

Report of the President of theOrganization

United Nations Development Programme


Fifth Report of the CredentialsCommittee

Marine Meteorology Programme. IGOSSand other ocean-related activities;Report of the president of CMM

Secretary-Genera1's Contract

Financial Report of the SecretaryGeneral

Financial matters - Revision ofFinancial Regulations - Change ofthe currency unit for budgetarypurposes

Staff matters

Long-term planning

Financial matters - Revision ofFinancial Regulations

Agendaitem

2.1

4.2

5.1

1.5

3.4.3

9.5

9.1

9.2

9.4

7

9.2

Submittedby

Co-chairman,Committ ee A

Co-chairman.Commi ttee A

Co-chairman.Commi ttee A

Vice-chairman,CredentialsCommittee








212

Doc. TitleNo.

LIST 'OF DCCUMENTS

Agendaitem

Submittedby

49 Consolidated Programme and Budget1988-1991 ~ Financial matters

50 Place and date of E1evanth Congress Closure of <the session

51 Proportional contributions of Members

52 Revision of the General Regulations

53 Review of the previous resolutionsof Congress

54 Consolidated Programme and Budget1988-1991

89.2

1314

9.3

10.3

10.4

8

President of WMO

President of WMO



