World Meteorological Organization€¦1 1 World Meteorological Organization Working together in weather, climate and water WMO; Climate and Water Department WMO Training of …

1

1

World Meteorological OrganizationWorking together in weather, climate and water

WMO; Climate and Water Department www.wmo.int

WMO

Training of Trainers Integrated Flood Management, Jakarta, IndonTraining of Trainers Integrated Flood Management, Jakarta, Indonesiaesia2323--27 February 200927 February 2009

International and Transboundary Aspects of IFM

22

International and Transboundary Aspects of IFM

International/transboundary basin

is a geographical area, which extension includes two or more States and is confined within the limits of the water drainage systems (including surfacewater and groundwater) that flow to a common point.

2

3

4

3

55

International Aspects of IFM

Political

TechnicalLegal

66

Political Aspects

• International borders

– Borders of successive rivers (flows from one contryto another country)

– Borders of contiguous rivers• Banks (river nullius)• Banks (river res communis)• One of the Banks• Thalweg

4

77

Political Aspects

• Successive Rivers

– Right to navigate– Water levels– Water Quantity and water quality– Temporal Distribution

88

Political Aspects

• Borders in Contiguous rivers

– Lack of agreements on borders– Inflexibility in front of new physical conditions– Interpretation or application of a specific issue of a

treaty– Natural Modifications

5

99

Legal aspects

• International Conventions

• Open for signing and ratification• Not subject to ratification• Interchange of Notes• Minor instruments (joint statements, acts,

memorandums of understanding, etc.)

1010

Legal aspects

• Convention on the Law Non-NavigationalUses of International Watercourses

• United Nations, 21 May 1997

• Helsinki regulations• Complementary laws, Seoul 1986

• Seoul regulations on international Groundwater

6

1111

UN convention

• General principles

• Equitable and reasonable use, Participation• Obligation of not causing significative damage• General obligation of cooperation• Regular interchange of data andinformation

1212

UN convention

• Management plans

• Interchange of information on basin management plans

• Notification of measures with negative consequences• Period of response to the notification• Consultation and negotiation on measures• Emergency measures

7

1313

UN convention

• Protection, preservation and management

• Ecosystems protection and preservation • Pollution prevention, reduction and control • Joint rational and optimal use of the resource• Joint Flow regulation

1414

UN convention

• Prejudicial conditions and emergency situations• Actions are to be taken, individually or collectively, to

prevent these conditions and situations

• Early notification is required

• Immediate measures are to be taken to prevent, mitigate and eliminate the consequences of emergency situations

8

1515

Technical aspects

• River Dynamics• Vertical and horizontal behavior• Sediment transport

• Temporal discharge distribution • Low flow / flooding

• Water use• Quantity / Quality

• Control measures• Dikes, reservoirs, etc.

1616

International aspects of IFM

State A State B

Cooperation

Discussion

Negotiation

Conciliation

Indemnification

9

17

Transboundary basins

• There are approximately 263 international hydrographic basins, which cover almost half of the terrestrial part of the globe and are including 145 countries.

• Due to the holistic nature of water resources, the activities of one State can have an important impact on other Stetes that share the same watercourse.

18

Transboundary basins

Agriculture, mining, urban development,

deforestation, (↑sediments, ↑impermeability)

p

tc

p’

tc’

Border

10

19

Transboundary basins

Infrastructure: roads, dikes

(Flow obstruction)

Border

20

• The conflicting interests of States are aggravated with the demand increase and the pressure on the limited fresh water resources

• Therefore, the conflict probabilities for the use of water resources is large

• A legal framework / Juridical instruments are needed at the international level. Does this frame exist?1. Legislation on IFM2. Conventional laws including IFM3. Work of the international law community on IFM

Transboundary basins

11

21

Flood Management Cooperation Continuum

Joint studies

Regulated exchange of data for flood forecasting

Harmonized system for flood forecasting,Coordinatedflood defence projects

Joint basin planning

Coordinated flood emergency management

Unregulated exchange of data

Ad hoc emergency assistance

Joint comprehensive IWRM planning and management, before during and after floods

Level of cooperation

• Cooperation evolves over long periods with multiple stakeholders on various administrative levels

22

Flood Management Cooperation Process Model

Visionbuilding with floods as key

issue

Establishment of informalcooperation

Basin wide frameworkagreement and RBO

Stakeholder commitment

for action

Key performance

results and new realities

Basin flood management

protocol, strategy,

programme or action plan

Implementation incl. diversification

of institutional arrangements on

several scales

Adaptation of institutions

Political will

Confidence of partners

Window ofopportunity

Available mediators

Process ownership

P R

E C

O N

D I

T I O

N S Stakeholder

consultation

12

23

Areas of flood management cooperation

Data exchange

Notification

Flood forecasting & warning

Joint research

Joint planning

Joint flood defence projects

(Meta-) data requirements and standards, transmission protocols, data quality assurance and assimilation

Areas of cooperation Requires agreement/information on

The system to be jointly developed, task distribution in development/operation of the system, (Meta-) data requirements and standards, transmission protocols, data quality assurance,

data assimilation, model interfaces, (sub-) national focal points/institutions

Potentially hazardous situation / planned project that notification applies to, who notifies who in what form,

mechanism to settle disputes

(Sub-) national focal points/institutions to coordinate external emergency ass., establishment of a solidarity fund, modalities of

moving goods and personnel into flood affected area

Common research needs/agenda, research project portfolio, fundraising and allocation to the national or multilateral

research institutions and platforms

Aims and objectives of the plan, means utilized (i.e. which mix of measures will be most effectively and efficiently applied),

which basin state does what on its own territory,

Modalities of implementation, operation, maintenance and in case decommissioning of flood defence;

contingency plans in case of failure of the flood defence

Flood emergency assistance

24

River Cuareim/Quarai

Uruguay

Brazil Purpose• To develop a flood management plan

within the framework of IFM

Achievement• Design and implementation of a flood

forecast system• Planning and design of an emergency

plan• Territorial ordering as well as measures

that can be effective for flood management.

Purpose• To develop a flood management plan

within the framework of IFM

Achievement• Design and implementation of a flood

forecast system• Planning and design of an emergency

plan• Territorial ordering as well as measures

that can be effective for flood management.

Trans-boundary issues

13

25

Thank you