WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH

Satman. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

www.wjpr.net │ Vol 10, Issue 3, 2021. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │

118

PHYTOCHEMICAL & PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION OF

RUDRAVANTI (CRESSA CRETICA): AN OVERVIEW

Swarna Lichika Satman*

Department of Pharmacology Danteswari College of Pharmacy, Borpadar, Raipur-Road,

Jagdalpur, (C.G).

ABSTRACT

From time immemorial, the ayurvedic era, herbal medicine has been

the only source of medicine for most people dealing with holistic

methods that contain an easy-to-use method and better results. Despite

significant advances in drug treatment, herbal remedies are still very

important and almost 60% of the world's population use such drugs

continuously. This applies not only to primary health care in rural areas

in developing countries, but also to developed countries where modern

medicine is widely available. In addition to the active and flexible

development of ayurvedic medicine in the current medical field, there

is still a large number of herbal remedies leading to many untreated

remedies that can be used in the treatment of several diseases namely

diabetes, hepatitis, inflammation, cirrhosis of the lever, cancer etc. A satisfactory and safe

solution to these public health care problems therefore requires a great deal of attention from

researchers to examine medicinal plants and isolate the strong molecules in them.

Examination of such molecules may reveal a wide range of pharmacodynamic and

pharmacokinetic parameters of low toxicity. Cressa cretica (Linn) of the family

Convolvulaceae. It is known as the Rudravanti. Traditionally the roots and leaves of Cressa

cretica are widely used as expectorant and antibilious agent. The holophytic vegetable tree

used in traditional medicine. This document provides updated information on its properties.

KEYWORDS: Cressa Cretica, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Action.

INTRODUCTION

The major hindrance in the amalgamation of herbal medicines into modern clinical therapy is

the lack of scientific and clinical data, and better understanding of the efficacy and safety of

World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 8.084

Volume 10, Issue 3, 118-127. Review Article ISSN 2277– 7105

*Corresponding Author

Swarna Lichika Satman

Department of

Pharmacology Danteswari

College of Pharmacy,

Borpadar, Raipur-Road

Jagdalpur, (C.G).

Article Received on

22 Dec. 2020,

Revised on 12 Jan. 2021,

Accepted on 02 Feb. 2021

DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20213-19683



119

the herbal products. To ensure the quality, safety and standardization of such products is the

challenging task for phytochemists and the medicinal chemists of the present and future era.

The holistic approaches provided valuable clues for selection and preparation of such

formulation, as efficacy has been established by the common use.[1]

In the last few decades

there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine and the popularity of

herbal drugs in the developed countries due to its natural origin with lesser side effects.[2]

Majority of the traditional medicines used in healthcare are obtained from plants.[3]

In spite of

several advancements in the field of clinical and pharmaceutical investigations have in fact

elevated the status of medicinal plants by identifying the role of active principles present in

them and elaborating on their mechanism of action in the human system.[4]

The WHO

estimated that approximately 80% of world population trusts on traditional medicines in their

health care but now a days Ayurveda coexists with modern system of medicine widely used

in practice.[5]

In the traditional system of medicine lot of practitioners used their own

formulation.[6]

A major obstacle to the integration of herbal medicine into current clinical treatment is the

lack of scientific and clinical data, and a better understanding of the efficacy and safety of

herbal products. Ensuring the quality, safety and product placement of such products is a

daunting task for pharmacists, phytochemists and medical chemists in the present and future.

Complete methods provide important indicators for selecting and preparing such a structure,

as the function is established for normal use.[1]

In the last few decades there has been a

marked increase in the field of herbal medicine and the popularity of herbal medicine in

developed countries because of its natural origins with side effects.[2]

The majority of

traditional medicines used in health care are found in plants.[3]

Despite advances in medical

research and pharmaceutical fields, it has actually improved the quality of medicinal plants

by identifying the role of active principles in them and explaining how they work in the

human system.[4]

The WHO estimates that about 80% of the world's population rely on

traditional medicine for their health care, but today Ayurveda is living with a modern medical

system.[5]

In the traditional medical system many doctors have used their composition.[6]

Cressa cretica (Linn) is better known as Rudravanti and belongs to the family

Convolvulaceae.[7]

Cressa cretica (Linn) is a halophytic plant named after Sanjeevani and

therefore Sanjeevani. It is a mysterious and sought-after herb in Indian mythology. Presence

and identity are immersed in a deep debate.[8]



120

Synonyms: Rudravanti, Uppugaddi, Dahna, Chaval, Uppusanaga, Mullumaddugida, Lona,

Rudanti, Azhukanni, Uppu Marikkozhundu, Oan.

Geographical distribution

Cressa cretica (Linn) is a small, dwarf shrub upto 38 cm height. It is start to shoot in the

beginning of June. The heights of the plant were found to be 7cm-29cm but mostly are of

14cm in height. The time of fruits and flowers from June to August but during September the

plant gradually withers. The plant is distributed throughout India, along sandy shores.[9,10]

Botanical description

Cressa cretica is a cushion chemaephyte excretive halophyte, an erect dwarf twining shrub up

to 38 cm in height. Roots horizontal geminate, with lateral branches leading upward to

produce above-ground parts. Perennial subshrub or herb, usually much-branched. Stems at

first erect and then becoming decumbent, apparently short-lived, grey appressed pilose to

sericeous. The flowers are actinomorphic, often showy, and nearly always bisexual.[11]

The

perianth and androecial whorls are 5-merous. The sepals of the calyx are usually distinct but

the corolla is strongly sympetalous, plaited, and often rotate or trumpet shaped with

inconspicuous lobes. The stamens are often unequal, and are adnate to the base of the corolla

tube and alternate with the lobes. The gynoecium consists of a single compound pistil of 2 or

rarely up to 5 carpels, usually an unbranched or 2-cleft style, and a superior ovary of 2 or

sometimes up to 5 locules, each with 1 or 2 axile ovules.[12]

Cressa cretica (Linn) is a small, small shrub up to 38 cm high. It is the first shooting in early

June. The height of this plant was found to be 7cm-29cm but mostly 14cm in height. Fruit

and flower season from June to August but in September the plant withers slowly. The plant

is widespread throughout India, on sandy beaches.[9,10]

Description of bottle Cressa cretica is

a cushion chemaephyte excretive halophyte, a small parallel plant up to 38 cm high. The

roots are horizontal, with side branches leading upwards to produce parts of the surface. A

perennial subshrub or vegetable, usually has many branches. We become stunted at first

standing and then weak, apparently living for a short time, beaten by a dead circle. The

flowers are actinomorphic, often showy, and are almost always in love with both men and

women.[11]

Perianth andor Special whorls are 5-merous. The sepals of the calyx are usually

different but the corolla is very sensitive, woven, and often round or trumpet shaped with

invisible lobes. The stamens are often uneven, and attach to the base of the corolla tube and

alternate with lobes. The gynoecium consists of a single pistil that is composed of 2 or less



121

accessible up to 5 carpels, usually an unbleached or 2nd style, and an upper ovary of 2 or

sometimes up to 5 locules, each line -vules 1 or 2 axile.[12]

Young stems herbaceous, more or less cylindrical to oval in shape and slightly swollen at

nodes. Stem at young tips more or less rectangular with deep green colour, odour remarkable,

taste unpleasant and sour. Leaves on main branches are often larger than those on branchlets,

the blade 1- 12mm long, lanceolate, ovate or elliptic to scale-like, sessile or shortly petiolate.

Flowers solitary, axillary, 5- 8mm long, sessile or on short peduncles, bracteate, in spicate to

head-like clusters at tips of branchlets, bracteoles unequal in length.[13]

Sepals ovate to

obovate, imbricate. Corolla salver form, the limb 5-lobed, the lobes mostly ovate, imbricate,

spreading to reflexed. Stamens exserted; filaments filiform; styles exserted. Ovary 2-locular,

4-ovulate; styles 2, distinct to the base; stigmas capitate. Fruit capsular, ovoid, unilocular, 2-

4-valved, usually 1 seeded. Seeds 3- 4mm long, glabrous and smooth and shining to

reticulate, dark brown .[14]

The small stems are herbaceous, above or below the cylindrical to

oval shape and slightly swollen at the nodes. The stem of the young tips below the rectangle

with a deep green color, a wonderful aroma, an unpleasant and sour taste. The leaves on large

branches are usually larger than those in the branches, blade 1- 12mm long, lanceolate, ovate

or elliptic similar in size, sessile or petiolate soon. Flowers alone, axillary, 5- 8mm long,

sessile or short peduncle, bracteate, spicate in clusters like heads in branch books, bracteoles

unequal in length.[13]

The Sepals stimulate voting, reducing it. The form of Corolla salver, a

five-piece organ, lobes mainly fertilized eggs, shrink, spread to conversion. The Stamens

were released; filiform fibers; installed styles. Ovarian 2-locular, 4-ovulate; 2 styles, different

from basic; spots capitate. Fruit capsular, ovoid, unilocular, 2-4-valved, usually 1 seed. The

seeds are 3- 4mm long, shiny and smooth and shiny black, brown.[14]



122

Chemical constituents

S. N. Part of Plant Extract/Tech Isolated Chemical

Constituents

Ref. No.

1 Whole Plant

Atomic absorption

and U.V.

spectrophotometry

Cu, Al, Ca, Mn, P, S, Zn, Fe,

Mg [15]

2 Whole Plant Fixed oil extract β- sitosterol, stigmasterol,

avenasterol, β- tocopherol. [16]

3 Seeds Edible oil Twelve unsaturated & four

saturated fatty acids [17]

4 Whole Plant Atomic absorption

spectroscopy

Four common heavy metals

lead, zinc, copper and nickel [18]

5 Whole Plant

EIMS, HREIMS,

FAB, HRFABMS,

NMR

Triacontanoic acid, 24-

hydroxy-4 octacosanone, 24-

nor-12-ursene, β-amyrin,

stigmasterol, ursolic acid,

and stigmasterol 3-O-β-D-

glucoside.

[19]

6 Aerial parts

UV, FAB-MS, 1H

NMR and 13

C

NMR

quercetin, quercetin-3-O-

glucoside, kampferol-3-O-

glucoside,

kampferol-3-O-

rhamnoglucoside and rutin.

[20]

7 Aerial part Column

chromatography

Cressanyl ester A, B, C, D,

E, F and G, and

cressatriterpenic acid.

[21]

8 Aerial part 1H NMR and 13

C

NMR syringaresinol-β-d-glucoside

[22]

9 Shrub Aqueous extract Chemical analysis of

minerals [23]

10 Fruits Alc. Extract

7,4'-dihydroxy-5 methoxy

Coumaranochromone-7-O-β-

D-glucoside

[24]

11 Aerial parts Column

chromatography Quercetin glycoside

[25]

12 Aerial parts 1H NMR and

13C

NMR, MASS

spectroscopy

Β-sitosterol, its glycoside, n-

octacosanol, umbelliferone,

scopoletin, isopimpinellin

and quercetin

[26]

13 Whole Plant Ehanolic extract

26-cyclopentyl hexacosane

(creticane), 4?-methyl hexa-

5¢-enoyl-n-tetracosa-17-ol-

1-oate

(cressatetracosanoate), n-

nonacosa-6-one-1-oic

(cressanonacontanoic acid),

tetratriaconta-29-one-1-oic

acid (cressatetratriacontanoic

[27]



123

acid), 25-methyl-n-triacont-

3-one-25-ol acid

(cressatriacontanone) and a-

26-octadeca-

hydronaphthacenyl-n-

pentacosa-3-one

(cressanaphthacenone)

14 Aerial parts Ehanolic extract

n-Octacosanol, β-sitosterol,

umbelliferone, scopoletin,

isopimpinellin, β-sitosterol D

(+) glucoside and quercetin.

[28]



124



125

Biological activities

S. N. Part of Plant Extract Used Biological activity Ref. No.

1 Whole Plant Methanolic extract Antimicrobial

activity [29]

2 Whole Plant water extract Germination of

pollen grains [30]

3 Whole Plant Ethylacetate and

methanolic extract

Bronchodilatory

activity and mast cell

stabilising activity.

[31]

4 Aerial parts Methanolic and

ethyl acetate extract

Anti-inflammatory

activity and

Antioxidant activities

[32]

5 Whole Plant Methanolic extract Antitussive activity [33]

6 Whole Plant Crude solvent

extract Antifungal activity

[34]

7 Whole Plant Aqueous and

alcoholic extract Antibacterial activity

[35]

8 Whole Plant Aqueous and

alcoholic extracts Antibacterial activity

[36]

9 Whole Plant n-butanol extracts

Antioxidant and

radical scavenging

activity

[37]

10 Whole Plant n-butanol extract

Phosphomolybdenum

complex assays and

the radical

scavenging activity

[38]

11 Whole Plant Methanolic extract Testicular function [39]

12 Whole Plant Ethanolic extract antifungal activities [40]

13 Whole Plant Alcoholic extract Contraceptive

properties [41]

14 Whole Plant Ethanolic extract Protective effective [42]

Uses

The plant Cressa cretica is used as a tonic, stomach, anthelmintic with aphrodisiac properties.

It helps to treat asthma, constipation, leprosy and urinary incontinence.[43]

Traditionally, it has

been used as a gastric, anti bilious, expectorant, asthma, emetic and also used as a mood

enhancer.[44,45]

CONCLUSION

Rudravanti herb revealed as an magnificent source of antimicrobial, bronchodilatory, anti-

inflammatory, antioxidant, antitussive, anti-fungal, antibacterial properties. Although many

experimental studies have confirmed its use in traditional medicine. The study of herbal

medicine includes knowledge of biology, history, source, physiology and chemistry,

methodology, traditional use, medicinal and therapeutic uses. This document also provides



126

information on macroscopical and microscopial graffiti information on information used for

farming, collection and harvesting by its local sources. Efforts are therefore needed to

establish and validate evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of ayurvedic medicine. The

results of these studies will increase the existing therapeutic potential of Cressa cretica and

provide strong support for its future clinical use in modern medicine.

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Research, 2004; 120(1): 9.

2. Patel, B.V., A seminar report on herbal drugs, present status and future prospects, perd

centre, 2001.

3. Kala, C.P., Farooquee, N.A. and Dhar, U., Prioritization of medicinal plants on the basis

of available knowledge, existing practices and use value status in Uttaranchal, India.

Biodiversity & Conservation, 2004; 13(2): 453-469.

4. Datta, S.C., Systematic botany. New Age International, 1988.

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10. Warrier, P.K., Indian medicinal plants: a compendium of 500 species Orient Blackswan,

1993; 5.

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of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, 2015; 7(3): 119-123.

12. Ganeshaiah, K.N., Vasudeva, R. and Shaanker, R.U., In search of Sanjeevani. Current

Science, 2009; 484-489.

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services and consultancy, 1995; 3.

14. Warrier, P.K., Indian medicinal plants: a compendium of 500 species Orient Blackswan,

1993; 5.



127

15. Pirzada, A.J., Shaikh, W., Ghani, K.U. and Laghari, K.A., Study of anti fungal activity

and some basic elements of medicinal plant Cressa Cretica linn against fungi causing skin

diseases. Sindh University Research Journal-SURJ (Science Series), 2009; 41(2).

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Sudhir Chaudhary, Pradeep Singh, Garima Mishra. Sangeeta Rani Sudhir Chaudhary

Pradeep Singh Garima Mishra, 2011.

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18. RAJE, S., Sane, R.T., MANGAONKAR, K., SHAILAJAN, S., PATHAK, G.,

JARIWALA, N. and KASAR, D., Determination of heavy metals from Cressa cretica

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20. Shahat, A.A., Abdel-Azim, N.S., Pieters, L. and Vlietinck, A.J., Flavonoids from Cressa

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of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, 2015: 7(3): 119-123.

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