World History Thursday, 8 October 2009

World History Thursday, 8 October 2009

• Remember to write your agenda-also, get out pen/pencil and paper to take notes!

• Notes: Athens and Sparta • Athens and Sparta reading• Tomorrow: Philosophy • Remember: Chapter 5 questions will

be due Thursday, October 15

ANCIENT GREECEANCIENT GREECEATHENS AND SPARTAATHENS AND SPARTA

Persian WarPersian WarPeloponnesian WarPeloponnesian War

EARLY GOVERNMENTSEARLY GOVERNMENTS1. Monarchy

King/Queen – central powerNoble land ownersMilitary defenders

2. AristocracyElite Landowners ruled

3. OligarchyPower rests with fewMinority rules majority

PHALANX

• Developed by Greeks

• Rectangular mass formation

• Disciplined to hold the front line

PHALANX STRATAGY

Adapt line to weakness of enemies

ATHENS

• Located in Attica• North of the Peloponnesus• 700 BC – monarchy to

aristocracy–Noble landowners held power

Demands for Change• Athenian wealth and power was

growing• More and more discontent with

commoners• Merchants/Soldiers wanted more

rights• Hard times for Farmers

–Sold off family members to pay off debt

SOLON• Elected by Aristocrats to avoid Civil

War• Wise and trusted leader• Reforms

–Outlawed debt slavery (594BC)–Opened high offices to more

citizens–Gave Assembly more power

• Governing body of officials

SOLON

Pisistratus• Seized power in 546 BC• Tyrant – gained power by

force• Took land and power from

commoners and gave it to Nobles

• Weakened Aristocracy

Cleisthenes• Came to power in 508

BC (defeated Hippias)• Council of 500

– Randomly chosen members

– Proposed Laws– Counseled

Assembly

AthensAthens

SPARTASPARTA

Education–Sickly Newborns left to die–Killed weak–7yrs old – began military training–20 yrs old – men could marry–30 yrs old – specialized training

Women• Expected to produce healthy

sons• Exercised and strengthen

bodies• Obeyed husbands and fathers,

not so much• Could inherit property

Government• Assembly

–Council of free men –Voted on major issues

• Council of Elders–Proposed laws

Q&A1. Describe Phalanx2. Where is Athens located?3. Where is Sparta located?4. What is an Assembly?5. What is a Council of Elders?6. Who was a tyrant of Athens?7. Describe the education of Sparta8. Describe the women’s role of Sparta

Olympia: Birthplace of the Olympia: Birthplace of the OlympicsOlympics

PERSIAN WARSPERSIAN WARS

King Leonidas

GreeceGreece

PERSIAPERSIA

IONIAIONIA

GreeceGreece PersiaPersia

IoniaIonia

Peloponnesus

PERSIAN WARSPERSIAN WARS• Persian forces conquered Ionia

(556BC)–A Greek Polis on the coast of Asia

Minor• Aristagoras began democratic

rebellion (499 BC)–Went to Sparta – Sparta denied help–Went to Athens – Athens promised

20 ships

• Athenians sacked Sardis, capitol of Ionia–All other Polis in Asia Minor

joined • Rebellion was defeated by Darius I• Darius I promises to make Athens

pay role in Ionian rebellion• Darius I launches an attack on

Athens (490 BC)

Battle of MarathonBattle of Marathon

• Hippias – former Tyrant of Athens – exiled to Persia

• Miltiades – former Persian soldier – lead an army for Athens

• 25,000 Persian soldiers • 10,000 Athenian soldiers• Athenians use Phalanx formation

• Athenians over matched Persian forces

• Casualties–Persians – 6,400–Athenians - 192

• Persian forces retreat and head for Athens

• City of Athens was left defenseless

• Pheidippides–Athens soldier–Sprints back to Athens to tell

the city to hold on and fight• 26 miles• He delivers message and dies• City holds off Persian army

until Athenian army arrives• Persian army retreats

Battle of Thermopylae and Battle of Thermopylae and SalamisSalamis

Xerxes is King of Persians–Persians controlled most of known

world• Asia Minor• Ionia• Judah• Mesopotamia• Egypt

Thermopylae• 480 BC• Xerxes sent ½ by land, ½ by sea

(Army of over 1,000,000)• Narrow mountain pass• 7,000 Greeks, 300 Spartans• Greeks held off Persians for 3 days

• Greek Traitor, Ephilates, told Xerxes about secret path around the cliffs

• 300 Spartans tried to hold Xerxes off while rest of Greeks retreated

• All Spartans were killed

Salamis• Themistocles

–Athenian statesman–Convinced Athenians to

evacuate and fight at sea• Battled Persian ships off coast of

Salamis• Greeks used ships as battling rams• Greeks defeated 1/3 of Persian

navy

PELOPONNESIAN WARPELOPONNESIAN WAR

Athens vs. SpartaAthens – democratic – Delian

LeagueSparta – Militaristic –

Peloponnesian LeagueBitter rivalry – both wanting to be

best league in Greece

• Athens had best Navy in Greece• Sparta was too deep into land for Athens

Navy to be effective• Sparta had best Army in Greece• Pericles

– Leader of Athens– Knew he could not defeat Spartan’s army– Barricaded Athens population inside City

walls to battle Sparta• Plague broke out and killed 2/3s of Athens

army

Q&AQ&A

1. Why did Athens fight for Ionia?2. Describe the Battle of Marathon3. Describe the Battle of

Thermopylae4. Describe the Battle of Salamis5. How was Athens defeated in the

Peloponnesian War? (2)