World history s2 - week 14 - unit 5 test review

World War 2, The Cold War, World War 2, The Cold War, and Beyond…and Beyond…

Unit 5 Test ReviewUnit 5 Test Review: :

How to Prepare for your How to Prepare for your Test:Test:

Complete the Student Guides from the lessons in Unit 5 (print them out!)

Complete: ALL the Unit 5 Checkpoints and Quizzes!!Unit 5 Checkpoints and Quizzes!! Read the Study GuideStudy Guide I’m pushing out now This is an OPEN NOTE TEST!! Use this powerpoint guide to help you! ASK QUESTIONS!!

The TestThe Test

Unit 5 Test – Unit 5 Test – PART IPART I - Worth 66 PointsWorth 66 Points• There are 22 multiple choice questions• You have unlimited time to take the exam• You may RETAKE the exam for a higher

score (no reason to fail!)• It is “DUE” by Sunday, May 8th at

midnight: DON’T WAIT TO TAKE IT!

Unit 5 Test – Unit 5 Test – PART IIPART II – Worth 10 PointsWorth 10 PointsOPTION #1 OPTION #1 – The ONE PARAGRAPH ESSAY!Topic: In what ways were the causes of World In what ways were the causes of World

War I and World War II similar? How were War I and World War II similar? How were they different?they different?

Part 2: Option #2!Part 2: Option #2! (instead of the essay)

Make a fun, creative HISTORICAL POSTERHISTORICAL POSTER about one of the following people or events:• Pearl HarborPearl Harbor• Dwight EisenhowerDwight Eisenhower• The HolocaustThe Holocaust• Hiroshima and NagasakiHiroshima and Nagasaki• John F. KennedyJohn F. Kennedy• The Berlin WallThe Berlin Wall• Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis• Nikita KhrushchevNikita Khrushchev• Martin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Go to: www.glogster.comGo to: www.glogster.com

The 20The 20thth Century: An American Century: An American Century?Century?Let’s Review what

we learned in UNIT 5!

Causes Causes of WWII of WWII

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles • War Guilt Clause• League of Nations

No Power, No Military, Not all countries part, and Slow

German AggressionGerman Aggression• Push for Sudetenland, Anchluss (“link-up”) with

Austria, Invasion of Poland Italian AggressionItalian Aggression

• Invasion of Ethiopia and Albania Japanese AggressionJapanese Aggression

• Invasion of China• Invasion of Southeastern Asia

Munich 1938 – Policy of AppeasementPolicy of Appeasement

America Joins the America Joins the WarWar

December 7, 1941 – • Japanese bomb Pearl Japanese bomb Pearl

Harbor Harbor in order to destroy U.S. Pacific fleet and demoralize U.S.A. Guam, Hong Kong,

Philippians, Midway, and Wake Island

Opposite effect happens:

America Stands behind war –

America’s Navy becomes Carrier based in the Pacific

http://www.radiochemistry.org/history/video/fdr_infamy.html - Hear the Speech!

Opposing Powers Opposing Powers of WW2of WW2

GermanyItalyJapanVichy FranceRomaniaHungaryBulgaria

United States of America United Kingdom Soviet Union Greece China France Free Poland

Leaders of WW2Leaders of WW2

EnglandEngland – Winston Churchill

United StatesUnited States – Franklin Delano Roosevelt

France – Charles De Gaulle

Soviet Union Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin

China – Mao Zedong

Evil Leaders of WW2Evil Leaders of WW2

GermanyGermany – Adolf Hitler

ItalItaly – Benito Mussolini

JapanJapan – Hideki Tojo

TheThe Holocaust Holocaust The Holocaust a.k.a. The Final SolutionFinal Solution What was the Holocaust?

• Hitler blamed the Jewish Race for German poverty and the loss of WWI (a scapegoat)

• Horrors of the Camps Dr. Mengele conducted cruel, inhumane

experiments on Jewish people Systematic Killing of MillionsSystematic Killing of Millions of :

JewsJews, Homosexuals, Gypsies, Poles, Russians, Political Prisoners, People with Disabilities, Mentally Disabled (all “genetically inferior”)

Outcomes• About 5-7 million total died in death camps

Adolf Eichmannmain “architect”of the Final Solution”

The BombThe Bomb What was the Bomb?

Why drop the Atomic bombWhy drop the Atomic bomb?• After the invasion of Iwo Jima. U.S. Officials

realize An invasion of Japan would cost tens of An invasion of Japan would cost tens of thousands of American livesthousands of American lives

Dropped by the “Enola Gay” on Aug 6,1945• Hiroshima First to be bombed• Nagasaki 3 days later (why drop TWO?)

Damage of the Bomb:• Though we don't know exactly how many perished in the

bombing, it is estimated that 140,000 (plus or minus 10,000) had died by the end of December 1945.

Effects of WW2Effects of WW2More people died in WW2 than any More people died in WW2 than any

other war in Historyother war in History

Other Effects of WW2Other Effects of WW2

New World Powers:• Soviet Union Soviet Union - Great Military PowerGreat Military Power

Land grab: Soviets Control Eastern Europe and push for a spread of Communism

• United States United States – One of the richest countries on One of the richest countries on EarthEarth United States vows to defend Democracy throughout

the world

Trials of War Criminals Trials of War Criminals • Tokyo Trials – Japanese officers put on trial• Nuremburg Trials – Nazi’s put on trial for the

horrors of the death camps to judge Nazi leaders for their policies and ordersto judge Nazi leaders for their policies and orders

Creating a Lasting PeaceCreating a Lasting Peace Formation of the United NationsFormation of the United Nations

• What is the U.N.? Germany Divided:

• Germany was divided into 4 sectors divided into 4 sectors following the war - Communist/Democratic• BerlinBerlin also divided into 4 sectors:

U.S., Great Britain, France, and Soviet Union

The Divisions of Germany and BerlinThe Divisions of Germany and BerlinWere the “first shots fired” in the Cold WarWere the “first shots fired” in the Cold War

Soviet & Soviet & Eastern Bloc Eastern Bloc

NationsNations[“Iron [“Iron

Curtain”]Curtain”]

US & the US & the Western Western

DemocraciesDemocracies

GOAL spread world-wide Communism

GOAL “Containment” “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.

METHODOLOGIESMETHODOLOGIES::

1.1. Espionage [KGB vs. CIA] and political propagandaEspionage [KGB vs. CIA] and political propaganda

2.2. Arms Race [nuclear escalation]Arms Race [nuclear escalation]

3.3. Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of peoples in Europe, Asia and the Third Worldpeoples in Europe, Asia and the Third World

4.4. Communist govt. & socialist economy vs. Communist govt. & socialist economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economydemocratic govt. & capitalist economy

5.5. Bi-Polarization of Europe: [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]Bi-Polarization of Europe: [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

The Cold WarThe Cold War [1945-1991]: [1945-1991]: An Ideological StruggleAn Ideological Struggle

U.S. Anti-Communist Policy: U.S. Anti-Communist Policy: CONTAINMENTCONTAINMENT

Main Goal Means Actual Main Goal Means Actual ApplicationApplication* Limit the

spread of Communism into Eastern Europe, Asia

Offering democratic and capitalist alternatives to “swing” countries(Greece & Turkey)

Supplying economic (and military) aid to countries to help defend them against the Soviet Union

“Truman Doctrine”

“At the present moment in world history nearly every nation must choose between alternative ways of life. The choice is too often not a free one. One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression. The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio, fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms.

I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.

I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way.

I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes.” - Speech given to Congress, 1947

President Harry Truman:President Harry Truman:

The Truman Doctrine takes The Truman Doctrine takes effecteffect: : The Berlin AirliftThe Berlin Airlift

• 1948, the Soviet Union blockaded 1948, the Soviet Union blockaded West Berlin, hoping to force a West Berlin, hoping to force a surrendersurrender• No supplies could come into West No supplies could come into West Berlin by land or seaBerlin by land or sea• So…The U.S. began providing So…The U.S. began providing supplies to the German citizens in supplies to the German citizens in West BerlinWest Berlin• How? With planes, LOTS of themHow? With planes, LOTS of them• Between 1948-1949, nearly Between 1948-1949, nearly 277,000 missions were flown over 277,000 missions were flown over West BerlinWest Berlin• Nearly 2 million tons of goods and Nearly 2 million tons of goods and supplies were dropped on West supplies were dropped on West BerlinBerlin• The Soviet Union’s plan to “starve” The Soviet Union’s plan to “starve” West Berlin failed and the blockade West Berlin failed and the blockade was lifted. was lifted.

Take that, Communism

!

vs.vs.

• North Atlantic North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationTreaty Organization• Started in 1949, still Started in 1949, still active today, with 26 active today, with 26 membersmembers• A mutual defense A mutual defense alliance among Western alliance among Western NationsNations• Formed to stop the Formed to stop the spread of Communism in spread of Communism in EuropeEurope• An attack against any An attack against any member, was an attack member, was an attack against all membersagainst all members• Members help each Members help each other with financial and other with financial and military aid.military aid.

• WarsawWarsaw Treaty OrganizationTreaty Organization• Eastern Bloc nations under Eastern Bloc nations under Soviet control met in Soviet control met in Warsaw, Poland to unite Warsaw, Poland to unite against the Westagainst the West• Started in 1955 as a Started in 1955 as a response to NATOresponse to NATO• A mutual defense alliance A mutual defense alliance among Communist Nationsamong Communist Nations• Headquartered in Moscow, Headquartered in Moscow, along with military commandalong with military command• The Organization dissolved The Organization dissolved in 1991 when the Soviet in 1991 when the Soviet Union collapsed. Union collapsed.

Europe: Cold War Europe: Cold War “Battleground”“Battleground”

The “Iron Curtain”The “Iron Curtain”

The Korean War: 1950-The Korean War: 1950-19531953• Korea was freed from

Japanese rule after WW2…• It was divided along the 38th Parallel for political reasons• China supported North Korea and wanted to make it Communist• The U.S. supported South Korea and wanted to stop the spread of Communism• North Korea invaded the south in 1950, the U.S. and U.N. declared war• Ended in a stalemate• The RESULT:• COMMUNIST N. KOREA• NON-COMMUNIST S. KOREA

General Douglas MacArthur

Oct. 1962: CUBANOct. 1962: CUBAN MISSILE MISSILE CRISISCRISIS

13 Days in October that almost led to NUCLEAR WAR!

Wanted Wanted quick quick

strikesstrikes

No SovietNo SovietMissiles in Missiles in

CubaCuba

The 1950’s was a decade of peace The 1950’s was a decade of peace and prosperity in Americaand prosperity in America

Birthrates soared as economic Birthrates soared as economic confidence grew: confidence grew: THE BABY BOOM! THE BABY BOOM!

The threat of Communism in The threat of Communism in America grew as well: America grew as well:

THE RED SCARE! THE RED SCARE! (Sen. Joseph McCarthy and the (Sen. Joseph McCarthy and the

House “Un-American” Committee)House “Un-American” Committee) By the 1960’s, By the 1960’s, THE CIVIL RIGHTS THE CIVIL RIGHTS

MOVEMENTMOVEMENT, led by Martin Luther , led by Martin Luther King, guaranteed equality and King, guaranteed equality and freedom for all minoritiesfreedom for all minorities

The United States: The United States: After World War After World War

2…2…

A New “Post-War” A New “Post-War” EUROPEEUROPE

• After decades of war After decades of war divided and nearly divided and nearly destroyed all of Europe, a destroyed all of Europe, a new sense of new sense of COMMUNITY emergedCOMMUNITY emerged

• 1950’s: 1950’s: European European Economic CommunityEconomic Community, , later led to…later led to…

• EUROPEAN UNION:EUROPEAN UNION:• Countries wanted:Countries wanted:• INCEASED INCEASED

COOPERATIONCOOPERATION• COMMON MARKET COMMON MARKET

FOR GOODSFOR GOODS• INCEASED SOCIAL INCEASED SOCIAL

WELFAREWELFARE• 27 members today!27 members today!

The The SOVIET UNION SOVIET UNION crumbles, crumbles, then collapses…then collapses…

SOLIDARITYSOLIDARITY Formed by Lech Walesa in

Poland, 1980 First non-Communist trade

union in a country controlled by the Soviet Union

Challenged Communist rule and fought for better working conditions using non-violent resistance (strikes and protests)

Ronald Reagan:Ronald Reagan: President from 1981 -1989 Challenged the Soviet

Union to improve Human Rights

““Tear Down this Wall!” Tear Down this Wall!” - 1987- 1987

Worked with Soviet Leader Mikhail Gorbachev to reduce nuclear tensions and improve U.S. / Soviet relations

Did he win the Cold War?

R.I.P.R.I.P.SOVIET UNIONSOVIET UNION

Oct. 1917 – Dec. 1991Oct. 1917 – Dec. 1991

Don’t Mess with the U.S.!

Coming up in Unit 6…Coming up in Unit 6…