World History II Midterm Review 2008 - 2009. The new way of thinking that emerged in the mid-1500s is called the A.geocentric theory. B.Scientific Revolution.

World History II Midterm Review

2008 - 2009

The new way of thinking that emerged in the mid-1500s is called the

A. geocentric theory.

B. Scientific Revolution.

C. Enlightenment.

D. American Revolution.

Until the Scientific Revolution, the traditional authorities were

A. Plato and Aristotle.

B. the Church and ancient scholars.

C. navigators and explorers.

D. Aquinas and his followers.

Which of the following posed theories that brought him into direct conflict with the

Church?

A. Francis Bacon

B. Galileo

C. Aristotle

D. Ptolemy

Who wrote “Man is born free but everywhere is in chains”?

A. Locke

B. Montesquieu

C. Rousseau

D. Voltaire

How did Hobbes and Rousseau differ?

A. Rousseau believed in the idea of a social contract; Hobbes did not.

B. Rousseau believed an absolute monarchy was essential; Hobbes did not.

C. Rousseau believed people were naturally good; Hobbes did not.

D. Hobbes believed people needed protection from government; Rousseau did not.

American colonists objected to the Stamp Act because

A. they resented forced conscription in the British military to fight the Seven Years’ War.

B. the Act restricted the colonists’ trade.

C. contrary to British belief, Americans thought stamps were necessary.

D. they objected to taxes levied by the British Parliament without representation.

Tycho Brahe believed that

A. the sun, planets, and moon all revolved around the earth.

B. all planets revolved around the sun.

C. the sun revolved around the earth but the other known planets revolved around the sun.

D. there was only one planet in the solar system.

Which of the following proposed the geocentric theory?

A. Aristotle

B. Copernicus

C. Galileo

D. Johannes Kepler

Which of following was written by Denis Diderot in order to promote knowledge?

A. the Encyclopedia

B. Candide

C. Leviathan

D. Two Treatises on Government

In which country were the Enlightenment reforms of Emperor

Joseph II opposed by the church and the nobility?

A. Japan

B. Russia

C. Prussia

D. Austria

Why did King Louis XVI call a meeting of the Estates General to be held in spring

1789?

A. to press for reform in the legislative process

B. to begin the process of writing a new constitution for France

C. to get approval for new taxes on the Third Estate

D. to get approval to rescind tax exemptions for the First Estate

Which of the following legislative bodies ended the monarchy and proclaimed France a republic?

A. the National Assembly

B. the Legislative Assembly

C. the National Convention

D. the Directory

The French people welcomed Napoleon because

A. they hoped he would help the collapsing French economy.

B. he completely disavowed the ideals of the Revolution.

C. he was the grandson of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette.

D. he promised order after the chaos of the Revolution.

Part of the legacy of the French Revolution is that

A. it has discouraged revolutions worldwide for 200 years.

B. it has inspired people to fight for their rights in other parts of the world.

C. citizens’ rights in Europe were never again restricted.

D. all European monarchies became democracies.

The Reign of Terror resulted in

A. increased foreign opposition to the French Revolution.

B. a strengthened National Assembly.

C. peace throughout France.

D. the election of Robespierre to the presidency.

Why were Europeans outside of France horrified by the execution of Louis XVI?

A. They were actually delighted by the execution of Louis XVI.

B. They thought he was an honorable leader.

C. They feared that the same fate might befall their monarchs.

D. They feared Great Britain’s wrath.

Many peasants came to oppose the Revolution because

A. they were staunch Jacobins.

B. they opposed the Revolution’s anticlerical moves and the draft.

C. they were pacifists.

D. they were influenced by Enlightenment ideas.

Who did not benefit from The Declaration of the Rights of Man

and Citizen?

A. artisans

B. peasants

C. women

D. sans culottes

The Congress of Vienna

A. changed many national borders in Europe.

B. restored monarchies in much of Europe.

C. restricted the rights of citizens in monarchies.

D. all of the above

The Napoleonic Code

A. recognized the influence of the Roman Catholic Church.

B. outlined Napoleon’s plan to dominate Europe.

C. promoted order and authority over individual rights.

D. required members of the military to be educated.

Which of the following was one factor that allowed Britain to

industrialize first?

A. widespread famine

B. British colonies

C. government-owned factories

D. a strong army

Which of the following natural resources was most important for

the early development of industry in Great Britain?

A. Coal

B. Iron ore

C. Water

D. Timber

How did industrialization hurt skilled craft workers working in cottage

industry?

A. by leading to a labor movement that raised wages

B. by leading to a shortage of raw materials

C. by shifting populations from countryside to city

D. by undercutting prices for their products

Which of the following was one effect of the factory system?

A. More people joined the middle class.

B. Workers became more skilled.

C. The price of products increased.

D. Workers dealt directly with merchants.

.

Mass production which created an increase in the quantity of goods

produced, led to

A. More consumer goods available to more people.

B. Higher wages and shorter hours.C. An increase in the cost of factory-made

goods.D. An increase in the number of workers

factories needed.

Karl Marx and Frederick Engels argued that capitalism would

inevitably lead to

A. An energy crisis.

B. Poverty and a workers’ revolution.

C. An extensive welfare state.

D. Enslavement of most of the population.

The mercantile system in Britain was replaced by

A. Entrepreneurship

B. Socialism

C. Department stores

D. Laissez-faire economics

A region in northwestern England became known as “black country”

because

A. Laborers smudged coal dust on their faces to keep the sun out of their eyes.

B. Iron-smelting factories polluted the air

C. Industries located there were all immensely profitable.

D. The sand on the beaches was dark gray.

The Luddite movement emerged in order to

A. Agitate for a 10 hour day

B. Oppose industrial changes that were putting weavers out of work.

C. Direct strikes that were breaking out all over Europe.

D. Abolish child labor.

Which of the following was a result of the growth of the textile industry

in Great Britain

A. Fewer cotton farms in Great Britain.

B. The huge population growth in the country.

C. The expansion of agriculture in India.

D. The spread of slavery in the United States.

Britain’s colonial empire fueled the development of industry in that

country because

A. The nation had access to vast amounts of raw materials.

B. The war machine required quick and efficient production of goods.

C. The colonies provided slave labor for growing industries.

D. Workers in the colonies earned far less than workers in Britain.

Which of the following countries was the first to industrialize?

A. United States

B. Great Britain

C. France

D. Japan

What did Benjamin Disraeli, Emmeline Pankhurst, and the Chartists have in common?

A) All worked to limit immigration.

B) All sought to extend the voting rights.

C) All donated large sums of money to orphanages.

D) All opposed child labor.

What was the effect of the Reform Act of 1832?

A) It gave industrial cities representation in Parliament for the first time.

B) It gave women the right to vote for members of Parliament.

C) It regulated working conditions and minimum wages in industry.

D) It created the United Kingdom by joining England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.

The Dreyfus affair had a lasting impact because it

A) kept women from voting for another sixty years.

B) led to the Revolution of 1848.

C) barred Jews from holding military commissions for almost a century.

D) inspired the Zionist movement.

The Reform Act of 1832 was passed to address which of the

following issues?

A) widespread alcoholism in Britain

B) unequal representation in Parliament

C) women’s lack of suffrage

D) harmful conditions for child workers

“Europe no longer possesses unity of faith, of mission, or of aim . . . The question of nationality can only be resolved by destroying the treaties of 1815 and changing the map of Europe and its public law.”—Giuseppe Mazzini, “On Nationality,” 1852

Study the passage by Giuseppe Mazzini. According to the passage, Mazzini advocated changing national boundaries that had

A. previously separated people of different ethnicities.

B. been put in place by Napoleon.

C. been put in place by Napoleon. kept people of different religions from mingling.

D. been set by the Congress of Vienna.

The passage by Giuseppe Mazzini illustrates

the concept of A) Catholicism

B) communism

C) nationalism

D) socialism

“Europe no longer possesses unity of faith, of mission, or of aim . . . The question of nationality can only be resolved by destroying the treaties of 1815 and changing the map of Europe and its public law.”—Giuseppe Mazzini, “On Nationality,” 1852

Study the map titled “The Unification of Italy, 1858–1870.”

According to the map Garibaldi A) sailed North to France. B) defected to RomeC) lived in Florence. D) ended his military campaign in Naples.

According to the map titled “The Unification of Italy, 1858–1870,” which territories were

given to France in exchange for help in unifying the northern Italian states? A) Savoy and NiceB) Lombardy and RomeC) Venetia and Rome D) Sardinia and Sicily

According to the map titled “The Unification of Italy, 1858–1870,” which area was the last to be annexed by Italy? A) SicilyB) The territory surrounding RomeC) Sardinia D) The northern states of Savoy, Lombardy and Venetia

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the economy of

Italy in the years after unification? Please make your selection

A) The unification of industrial, agricultural, and banking states led to a strong national economy.

B) Plentiful land and a well-developed transportation network resulted in a nation of small, prosperous farmers.

C) Widespread poverty and unemployment led to violence and emigration.

D) Rising industry led to rapid urbanization and a modern economy.

What goal did Giuseppe Mazzini, Camillo di Cavour, and Giuseppe

Garibaldi all have in common?

A) A democratic republic in Italy

B) The unification of Germany

C) The unification of Italy

D) The return of Italy to the glory of the Roman Empire

Giuseppe Garibaldi’s actions show that he was most committed to

A. a republican government.

B. achieving political power.

C. the unification of Italy.

D. the return of Italy to the glory of the Roman Empire.

According to the map titled “The Unification of Germany, 1865–1871,” states that joined the German Empire

A. had been part of DenmarkB. were in the SouthC. bordered the Russian EmpireD. nearly tripled the size of Germany

According to the map titled “The Unification of Germany, 1865–1871,” in which direction did the Prussian armies advance during the Austro-Prussian war?

A. westB. northC. southeastD. northwest

According to the map titled “The Unification of Germany, 1865–1871,” before 1866 Prussia

a.was relatively small compared to other German states.b.was landlocked.c.was divided into two parts.d.controlled Belgium and the Netherlands.

According to the map titled “The Unification of Germany, 1865–1871,” in which direction did the German armies advance during the Franco-Prussian War?

A. westB. northC. eastD. northeast

German liberals who revolted in 1848 all wanted

A. a constitutional monarchy.

B. a republic.

C. reforms that would promote individual rights.

D. the Zollverein.

What did Otto von Bismarck mean by the phrase “blood and iron”?

A. Germany needed railroads to unite the country.

B. Prussia would fight to obtain iron.

C. He would continue to fight until he was named emperor.

D. He would use the Prussian military as a force for German unification.

The Treaty of Nanjing

A. benefited European countries at the expense of China

B. allowed the Chinese to try British citizens in Chinese courts

C. returned Shanghai to the Chinese

D. strengthened the Qing dynasty

The Meiji Restoration refers to the

A. peace process between China and Japan in the late 1800’s

B. period of unrest in China that preceded the 1911 revolution

C. Japanese emperor’s return to power

D. rebuilding of Japan’s imperial cities

Which best describes political motives driving the new European

imperialism in Africa?

A. European leaders believed that controlling colonies would gain more respect from other leaders.

B. European leaders wanted to develop industry in Africa and reap their profits.

C. Population decline led European countries to look to Africa for workers to fuel industrialization in home countries.

D. Europeans believed they had much to learn from Africans.

Why did Britain begin exporting opium to China?

A. to prevent opium from going to British subjects

B. to change the balance of trade in favor of Britain

C. to make colonization of China easier

D. to improve the health of Chinese citizens

The Treaty of Kanagawa contributed to

A. the shogun’s power.

B. a rise in nationalism.

C. the prestige of the Tokugawas

D. Japanese wealth through high tariffs.

Why did the British occupy Egypt in 1882?

A. to rebuild the Suez Canal to accommodate larger ships

B. to set up trading posts along the coast

C. to maintain access to the Suez Canal when the Egyptian government appeared unstable

D. to secure the Congo River to aid Leopold of Belgium

Study the map titled ”Imperialism in Africa.” Which country was the first to seize land in Africa?

A. FranceB. BelgiumC. PortugalD. Italy

Study the map titled ”Imperialism in Africa.” By what year had almost all of Africa been colonized?

A. 1850B. 1880C. 1912D. 1940

Which of the following was one factor that allowed European nations to extend

their control over Asia and Africa after 1800?

A. military advantages such as superior waepons

B. the rise of great empires in Asia nd North Africa

C. the superiority of European trade networks

D. European democratic traditions

What led the British government to take control of India from the British

East India Company?

A. the Mughal Revolt

B. the spice trade

C. missionary impulses

D. the Sepoy Mutiny

Key terms that you NEED to know (from Chapter 12 – World War I)

• Triple Alliance Fourteen Points • Trench warfare Central Powers • Bolsheviks Genocide• Woodrow Wilson Treaty of Versailles • Triple Entente Allied Powers • Total war League of Nations • Grigory Rasputin Mandates• U-Boats Balfour Declaration• Franz Ferdinand• Propaganda• Marxism-Leninism• Zimmermann Note• Gavrilo Princip• Battle of Verdun• Leon Trotsky• Armistice• Neutral• Gallipoli Campaign• New Economic Policy