World History Chapter 16-Age of Imperialism Section 1- Pressures for Expansion.

World History World History Chapter 16-Age of Imperialism Chapter 16-Age of Imperialism

Section 1- Pressures for ExpansionSection 1- Pressures for Expansion

Imperialism- Imperialism- Latin word from Roman Latin word from Roman Empire. Country’s domination of Empire. Country’s domination of political, economic & social life of political, economic & social life of another country. (2,000 years ago another country. (2,000 years ago Roman Empire dominated Roman Empire dominated Mediterranean area.)Mediterranean area.)

1800’s- Some 1800’s- Some EuropeanEuropean countriescountries with the with the United StatesUnited States controlled controlled most of the world.most of the world.

1800-1914 known as 1800-1914 known as Age of Age of ImperialismImperialism..

Political Rivalries CAUSE #1Political Rivalries CAUSE #1 Several countries start colonies: Great Several countries start colonies: Great

Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Holland, Spain, Portugal and Russia in Holland, Spain, Portugal and Russia in AfricaAfrica, , Asia Asia and and IndiaIndia..

Difficult Difficult communicationscommunications between between coloniescolonies and European countries allowed colonial and European countries allowed colonial governors & generals to run affairs. Armies governors & generals to run affairs. Armies used to used to expandexpand colonies borders. colonies borders.

Conflicts arose when colonial governments Conflicts arose when colonial governments claimed claimed samesame territoriesterritories..

Desire for New Markets CAUSE #2Desire for New Markets CAUSE #2 Owners/operators of Owners/operators of factoriesfactories sought sought

new sources of new sources of rawraw materialsmaterials and and new markets for new markets for productsproducts..

Raw materials such as rubber, Raw materials such as rubber, copper and gold came from copper and gold came from AfricaAfrica; ; cotton and jute from cotton and jute from IndiaIndia and tin and tin from from SoutheastSoutheast AsiaAsia..

Colonies provided Colonies provided newnew marketsmarkets for for Industrial Revolution products such Industrial Revolution products such as as tools,tools, weaponsweapons and and clothingclothing..

Products AcquiredProducts Acquired

Seeking New OpportunitiesSeeking New Opportunities Cause #3Cause #3 Colonies needed people who were Colonies needed people who were

loyalloyal to imperialist country. European to imperialist country. European leaders urged their people to live in leaders urged their people to live in the the colonies.colonies.

1840s, 1840s, FrenchFrench citizens settle in citizens settle in AlgeriaAlgeria, started farms on land , started farms on land seizedseized from Algerian farmers.from Algerian farmers.

British British emigrateemigrate to to AustraliaAustralia and and New New ZealandZealand in 1850s in search of in 1850s in search of goldgold..

Seeking New Opportunities con’tSeeking New Opportunities con’t

Great Britain gets land in Great Britain gets land in AfricaAfrica, , AsiaAsia and the and the PacificPacific. The phrase . The phrase “the sun“the sun never sets on the British Empirenever sets on the British Empire” ” described Great Britain’s vast described Great Britain’s vast holdings.holdings.

People saw People saw emigrationemigration as a way to as a way to become wealthy or famous. become wealthy or famous. Cecil Cecil RhodesRhodes one of these people, an one of these people, an adventurer made wealthy by adventurer made wealthy by gold/diamond mining. He founded the gold/diamond mining. He founded the colony of colony of RhodesiaRhodesia (now Zimbabwe). (now Zimbabwe).

““Civilizing” Mission Cause #4:Civilizing” Mission Cause #4: Religion and Religion and humanitarianhumanitarian reasons cause reasons cause

people to emigrate to colonies.people to emigrate to colonies. CatholicCatholic and and ProtestantProtestant missionaries went missionaries went

to to Africa Africa and and AsiaAsia. Believed . Believed Christianity Christianity and Western civilization could transform and Western civilization could transform the world. Missionaries built churches and the world. Missionaries built churches and set up set up schoolsschools and and hospitalshospitals..

Some colonial officials tried to impose Some colonial officials tried to impose Western Western customscustoms and and traditionstraditions. . Discouraged colonial peoples from Discouraged colonial peoples from practicing practicing traditionaltraditional customs and rituals. customs and rituals.

““Civilizing” Mission con’tCivilizing” Mission con’t Some Europeans believed in the Some Europeans believed in the

theory of theory of Social Social DarwinismDarwinism to prove to prove culturalcultural superioritysuperiority. Believed white . Believed white Europeans the Europeans the ““fittestfittest”” people in the people in the world and spread Western ideas to world and spread Western ideas to “backward” peoples.“backward” peoples.

RudyardRudyard KiplingKipling, British writer , British writer expresses expresses imperialistimperialist attitude in his attitude in his poem “The White Man’s Burden”.poem “The White Man’s Burden”.

Forms of ImperialismForms of Imperialism Imperial nations gained land through Imperial nations gained land through

TreatiesTreaties, , purchasespurchases and and militarymilitary conquestsconquests..

ColoniesColonies- territories that an imperial power - territories that an imperial power took over and ruled directly through took over and ruled directly through colonial officials.colonial officials.

ProtectorateProtectorate- Natives of a territory own - Natives of a territory own government but policies guided by foreign government but policies guided by foreign powers.powers.

Sphere of Influence-Sphere of Influence- region of a country in region of a country in which the imperial power had exclusive which the imperial power had exclusive investment or trading rights.investment or trading rights.

Forms of Imperialism con’tForms of Imperialism con’t Power exercised differently by Power exercised differently by

various countries.various countries. France used colonial officials to France used colonial officials to

govern and spread French culture govern and spread French culture and make territories overseas and make territories overseas extensions of France.extensions of France.

British focused on British focused on administrationadministration, , less inclined to less inclined to convertconvert colonial colonial peoples in British customs and peoples in British customs and allowed local rulers to govern allowed local rulers to govern territories as their territories as their representatives.representatives.

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FOR HW Choose: 1. Create an Visual FOR HW Choose: 1. Create an Visual representation of at least 10 important representation of at least 10 important facts from this section ORfacts from this section OR

2. Create LINK Chain of any KEY 10 PAIRS 2. Create LINK Chain of any KEY 10 PAIRS of connected facts from this section: of connected facts from this section: example: 1. Algeria ----is Conquered by example: 1. Algeria ----is Conquered by the French……2. Missionaries -----Convert the French……2. Missionaries -----Convert natives to Christianity…..natives to Christianity…..