World History 1500 to Present

World History World History 1500 to Present1500 to Present

Unit 6 Vocab and Topics:Unit 6 Vocab and Topics: Major Major world social, economic, and world social, economic, and

political developments since 1945, political developments since 1945, Migrations, Ongoing Conflicts, Migrations, Ongoing Conflicts, War, and Advancing TechnologyWar, and Advancing Technology

SOLs: WHII 1-e; 12 c; 13a-d;14 a-SOLs: WHII 1-e; 12 c; 13a-d;14 a-c; 15b; 16 a-dc; 15b; 16 a-d

Jawaharlal NehruJawaharlal Nehru This person was a close This person was a close

associate of Mohandas associate of Mohandas Gandhi and supported Gandhi and supported western style western style industrialization of India. industrialization of India. He was also the head of a He was also the head of a powerful political family of powerful political family of Indian politicians.Indian politicians.

Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali JinnahJinnah

This Indian followed This Indian followed Islam rather than Islam rather than Hinduism and lead the Hinduism and lead the call for a separate call for a separate Muslim state called Muslim state called Pakistan in Northern Pakistan in Northern India.India.

Indira Gandhi

This prime minister developed the nuclear program in India and established a close relationship with the Soviet Union during the Cold War, although kept India “nonaligned.” She was assassinated by her Sikh bodyguards in 1984.

Benazir Bhutto

This was the first female head of a Muslim state (Pakistan) and was killed by a suicide bomber during a political campaign in 2007.

Liberation Tigers of Tamil

This militant group of Hindu Sri Lankans waged a violent struggle for a separate nation.

Corazon AquinoCorazon AquinoAfter Ferdinand Marcos After Ferdinand Marcos fled the Philippines after fled the Philippines after being accused of helping being accused of helping to murder this woman’s to murder this woman’s husband, she became more husband, she became more powerful and in 1986, was powerful and in 1986, was elected president of the elected president of the Philippines.Philippines.

Kwame NkrumahKwame Nkrumah This man renamed the Gold This man renamed the Gold

Coast “Ghana”, the first British Coast “Ghana”, the first British colony to gain independence. colony to gain independence. He favored “African socialism” He favored “African socialism” and hoped that Pan-Africanism and hoped that Pan-Africanism would bring unity to the newly would bring unity to the newly independent countries of independent countries of Africa.Africa.

Jomo KenyattaJomo Kenyatta After the British granted After the British granted

independence to Kenya in independence to Kenya in 1963, this man became the 1963, this man became the first prime minister and first prime minister and worked hard to unite the worked hard to unite the various ethnic and language various ethnic and language groups inside the country. groups inside the country. Once Kenya was a republic, Once Kenya was a republic, he was the first president.he was the first president.

Mau-MauMau-Mau This group of Kikuyu This group of Kikuyu

guerilla warriors fought guerilla warriors fought against white settlers to against white settlers to regain fertile farmlands regain fertile farmlands for native Kenyans. for native Kenyans.

Mobutu Sese Seko

This person ruled Zaire for 32 years by force, one-party rule and favoritism to political supporters. He was finally overthrow in 1997 and the country was renamed The Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Gamal Abdul Nasser

This person was the president of Egypt, nationalized the Suez Canal, built the Aswan High Dam and established a close relationship with the Soviet Union.

Suez Crisis This event happened in 1956

when the Egyptian president sent troops to seize control of a strategic passage between the Mediterranean and Red Seas. Although the Egyptians were defeated, pressure from the world community allowed them to retain control of the structure.

Golda MeirGolda Meir This Russian-Jew emigrated This Russian-Jew emigrated

to the United States and to the United States and later to Israel where she later to Israel where she served as ambassador to the served as ambassador to the Soviet Union, minister of Soviet Union, minister of labor, foreign minister, and labor, foreign minister, and finally prime minister of finally prime minister of Israel. Israel.

Yom Kippur War

This was a joint Arab nation attack on Israel on the holiest of Jewish holidays in 1973 to recapture territory lost to Israel in the 1967 Six Day War. The Israeli counterattack was successful in regaining its territory and a truce was signed after a few weeks.

Yasir ArafatYasir Arafat This person was awarded a joint This person was awarded a joint

Nobel Peace prize for his work at Nobel Peace prize for his work at negotiating a peace with Israel negotiating a peace with Israel in 1993. Unfortunately, another in 1993. Unfortunately, another intifadaintifada began in 2000 and went began in 2000 and went for over a year. As head of the for over a year. As head of the PLO, he eventually became the PLO, he eventually became the head of a semi-independent area head of a semi-independent area called the Palestinian Authority.called the Palestinian Authority.

Yitsak RabinYitsak RabinThis Israeli was awarded a This Israeli was awarded a joint Nobel Peace prize for joint Nobel Peace prize for his work at negotiating a his work at negotiating a peace with the peace with the Palestinians in 1993. He Palestinians in 1993. He was assassinated by a was assassinated by a Jewish student who did not Jewish student who did not support his peace policies.support his peace policies.

Camp David AccordsCamp David AccordsThis 1979 agreement was This 1979 agreement was the first signed document the first signed document between Israel and an between Israel and an Arab nation and officially Arab nation and officially ended hostilities between ended hostilities between Egypt and Israel.Egypt and Israel.

Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Isaeli Prime

Minister Menachem Begin in 1978

Taliban

This conservative Islamic group battled for control of Afghanistan after the Soviets withdrew. By 1998, they controlled 90% of the country and applied an extreme interpretation of Islamic law to all aspects of Afghan society.

Juan PeronJuan Peron This former labor secretary This former labor secretary

focused on the workers and urban focused on the workers and urban middle classes of Argentina to win middle classes of Argentina to win their political support. He was their political support. He was elected president in 1946 and elected president in 1946 and soon nationalized railways, banks, soon nationalized railways, banks, shipyards, communications and shipyards, communications and other essential services to free other essential services to free Argentina from foreign investors.Argentina from foreign investors.

apartheidapartheid This was the system of This was the system of

laws that separated the laws that separated the white from the black white from the black South Africans. South Africans.

Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela This leader of the ANC at first This leader of the ANC at first

supported non violent methods supported non violent methods of achieving equality in South of achieving equality in South Africa but later turned to more Africa but later turned to more violent methods. He was arrested violent methods. He was arrested and spent 27 years in prison. and spent 27 years in prison. Once South Africa held free Once South Africa held free elections, he was elected the first elections, he was elected the first black president.black president.

Mikhail Gorbachev

This person was the last president of the Soviet Union and was instrumental in bringing new reforms to Soviet life.

Mikhail Sergeyevich GorbachevМихаил Сергеевич Горбачёв

Glasnost and Perestroika

In 1985, these new reform policies of “openness” and “restructuring” helped Soviet citizens discuss problems without censorship and helped the economy become more efficient and productive.

Lech Walesa

This Polish union leader of Solidarity became a national hero in 1980 and in 1990 was elected President of Poland. His “shock therapy” reforms did not lead to immediate growth and he was defeated in later elections.

Deng Xiaoping

This leader brought rapid economic growth to China by reforming the communist economy into a market economy. Unfortunately, communist control of the government and society continued.

Tiananmen SquareTiananmen Square This pro-democracy and This pro-democracy and

freedom demonstration in freedom demonstration in April 1989 stunned April 1989 stunned Chinese officials and led Chinese officials and led to a massive military to a massive military crackdown.crackdown.

Sustainable Growth

This is the concept of meeting current economic needs while ensuring the preservation of the environment and the conservation of resources for future generations.

Saddam HusseinSaddam Hussein This Sunni leader took control This Sunni leader took control

of the Iraqi government in of the Iraqi government in 1979 and launched an attack 1979 and launched an attack on Iran in 1980 and invaded on Iran in 1980 and invaded Kuwait in 1990. Captured by Kuwait in 1990. Captured by coalition forces in December, coalition forces in December, 2003, he was tried and 2003, he was tried and executed in 2006.executed in 2006.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Although issued by the United Nations in 1948, the sentiments and accords of this document are nonbonding, but serve as an inspiration for people to work toward a world in which liberty and justice are guaranteed for all.

Weapons of Mass Destruction

These include nuclear, chemical and biological weapons that can kill thousands, even millions of people. The search for these led to the invasion of Iraq in 2002, but none were found.