WORLD GEOGRAPHY Social Studies Graduation Test Review.

WORLD GEOGRAPHYWORLD GEOGRAPHY

Social Studies Social Studies

Graduation Test ReviewGraduation Test Review

GeographyGeography

Geography is the study of the Geography is the study of the

earth’s surface, land, bodies of water, earth’s surface, land, bodies of water, climate, peoples, industries, &climate, peoples, industries, &

natural resources.natural resources.

Physical GeographyPhysical Geography Physical GeographyPhysical Geography is the study of how physical is the study of how physical

characteristics define a region or place.characteristics define a region or place.– land, climate, bodies of water, animal lifeland, climate, bodies of water, animal life

A A placeplace is an area of land that shares common is an area of land that shares common features or is defined by common characteristics.features or is defined by common characteristics.– Gulf of MexicoGulf of Mexico - Gulf coast- Gulf coast– GeorgiaGeorgia - Kentucky- Kentucky

Physical featuresPhysical features (a.k.a. (a.k.a. topographytopography) are the ) are the natural land formations that make up the surface natural land formations that make up the surface area.area.– oceansoceans - mountains - mountains – lakes – lakes - rivers- rivers

landformlandform - plains, mountains, valleys - plains, mountains, valleys– The Himalayas are the tallest mountains on The Himalayas are the tallest mountains on

earthearth A A body of waterbody of water is a part of the earth’s surface is a part of the earth’s surface

covered with water.covered with water.– riverriver - lakes- lakes - oceans - oceans

climateclimate – average weather conditions over time – average weather conditions over time– temperature, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloudinesstemperature, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness

natural vegetation-natural vegetation- plants and trees that grow in plants and trees that grow in

an areaan area animal lifeanimal life – types of animals who naturally live – types of animals who naturally live

in an areain an area

Human GeographyHuman Geography human characteristicshuman characteristics – include language, – include language, religionreligion, political , political

systems, economic systems, population, and way of life.systems, economic systems, population, and way of life.

population settlementspopulation settlements – types of people who live in a place – types of people who live in a place

cultureculture – shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors – shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors

customs and traditionscustoms and traditions – ways of doing things passed down – ways of doing things passed down from one generation of people, group, or society to the next. from one generation of people, group, or society to the next. – rituals, weddings, holidays, showing respectrituals, weddings, holidays, showing respect

human activitieshuman activities –agriculture and industry –agriculture and industry– farmingfarming - banking- banking - manufacturing- manufacturing

I pray, I pass the graduation test. My momma’s gonna kill me!!!

Practice QuestionsPractice Questions1.1. What is geography and why is it important to study it?What is geography and why is it important to study it?

2.2. Lakes, mountains, oil reserves, deserts, and open plains are allLakes, mountains, oil reserves, deserts, and open plains are all

A.A. Aspects of culture.Aspects of culture.

B.B. Physical characteristics.Physical characteristics.

C.C. Human characteristics of geography.Human characteristics of geography.

D.D. Physical characteristics of culture. Physical characteristics of culture.

3.3. What is culture?What is culture?

4.4. The way a particular society conducts weddings, expects The way a particular society conducts weddings, expects honorable people to carry on business, and who it views as the honorable people to carry on business, and who it views as the most important citizens are all examples ofmost important citizens are all examples of

A.A. physical geography.physical geography.

B.B. cultural religions.cultural religions.

C.C. customs and traditions.customs and traditions.

D.D. population settlement patternspopulation settlement patterns

AnswersAnswers1. What is geography and why is it important to study it?1. What is geography and why is it important to study it? The study of the earth’s surface, and, bodies of water, climate, peoplesThe study of the earth’s surface, and, bodies of water, climate, peoples, , industries, natural resources, etcindustries, natural resources, etc..

2. Lakes, mountains, oil reserves, deserts, and open plains are all2. Lakes, mountains, oil reserves, deserts, and open plains are allA.A. Aspects of culture.Aspects of culture.B.B. Physical characteristics.Physical characteristics.C.C. Human characteristics of geography.Human characteristics of geography.D.D. Physical characteristics of culture. Physical characteristics of culture.

3. What is culture? 3. What is culture? Beliefs, values, customs, behaviors that shape a societyBeliefs, values, customs, behaviors that shape a society

4. The way a particular society conducts weddings, expects honorable people 4. The way a particular society conducts weddings, expects honorable people to carry on business, and who it views as the most important citizens are to carry on business, and who it views as the most important citizens are all examples ofall examples of

A.A. Physical geographyPhysical geographyB.B. Cultural religions.Cultural religions.C.C. Customs and traditions.Customs and traditions.D.D. Population settlement patternsPopulation settlement patterns

ContinentsContinents

A continent is a large landmass A continent is a large landmass

and usually consists of several and usually consists of several countries.countries.

Are you smarter than a Are you smarter than a

high school graduate??????high school graduate??????

ANSWERSANSWERS

Now that you can name the 7 continents…can you list them Now that you can name the 7 continents…can you list them in order of physical size with 1 being the largest and 7 in order of physical size with 1 being the largest and 7

being the smallest?being the smallest?

AnswersAnswers

1.1. AsiaAsia

2.2. AfricaAfrica

3.3. North AmericaNorth America

4.4. South AmericaSouth America

5.5. AntarcticaAntarctica

6.6. EuropeEurope

7.7. AustraliaAustraliaI’m gonna get

that DIPLOMA!!!!

Physical FeaturesPhysical Features desertdesert – area is dry receiving less than 10 – area is dry receiving less than 10 inches of rainfall per yearinches of rainfall per year

peninsula peninsula – land that is almost completely surrounded by – land that is almost completely surrounded by water water

Located in North Africa the Located in North Africa the Sahara is the world’s largest is the world’s largest desert.desert.

Can someone please get

me a drink!!!!!!!!!

Bodies of WaterBodies of Water GulfGulf – water that is almost completely – water that is almost completely

surrounded by landsurrounded by land

Canal Canal – a man made waterway – a man made waterway connecting two major bodies of waterconnecting two major bodies of water

The The Panama CanalPanama Canal connects the connects the Atlantic ocean to the Pacific Ocean.Atlantic ocean to the Pacific Ocean.

In North Africa the In North Africa the Nile RiverNile River is is the longest river in the world the longest river in the world (roughly 4,000 miles).(roughly 4,000 miles).

The The Tigris & EuphratesTigris & Euphrates rivers rivers are home to some of the oldest are home to some of the oldest civilizations in the world.civilizations in the world.

More Physical FeaturesMore Physical Features

Victoria FallsVictoria Falls – Located in – Located in Africa; one of the seven Africa; one of the seven wonders of the worldwonders of the world

Land lockedLand locked – area – area completely surrounded completely surrounded

by landby land

Lake VictoriaLake Victoria – Located in – Located in Africa; largest lake in the Africa; largest lake in the worldworld

Impact of ReligionImpact of Religion 3 major religions in North Africa:3 major religions in North Africa:

– Judaism, Christianity, & IslamJudaism, Christianity, & Islam

MonotheismMonotheism – belief in one god – belief in one god

JudaismJudaism – Jewish faith; looks to ancient prophet – Jewish faith; looks to ancient prophet Abraham as its founder; teaches that Jewish people Abraham as its founder; teaches that Jewish people are God’s chosen nation (Israel).are God’s chosen nation (Israel).

ChristianityChristianity – from the Jewish tradition; founder – from the Jewish tradition; founder is Jesus, who claimed to be the Son of God; is Jesus, who claimed to be the Son of God; Christians believe that it is the disciples of Jesus Christians believe that it is the disciples of Jesus who are the true heirs of God’s promises to who are the true heirs of God’s promises to Abraham. Abraham.

Islam Islam – the youngest of the two religions; – the youngest of the two religions; founded by the prophet Muhammad; claims that founded by the prophet Muhammad; claims that an angel dictated to him the words that became an angel dictated to him the words that became the Qur’an (Islam’s holy book).the Qur’an (Islam’s holy book).

People & Population DistributionPeople & Population Distribution urbanizationurbanization – the growth & development of cities – the growth & development of cities

modernizationmodernization – process of a society leaving primitive – process of a society leaving primitive methods behind to adopt more modern techniquesmethods behind to adopt more modern techniques

population distributionpopulation distribution - the arrangement - the arrangement

or spread of people living in a given area; also, or spread of people living in a given area; also,

how the population of an area is arranged how the population of an area is arranged

according to variables such as age, race, or sexaccording to variables such as age, race, or sex

EuropeEurope European UnionEuropean Union – a – a

group of European nations group of European nations that have joined together that have joined together to encourage economic to encourage economic and political progress.and political progress.

The The EUEU even has it’s own even has it’s own currency.currency.

Physical Features of the United StatesPhysical Features of the United States

Great LakesGreat Lakes - Rocky Mts.- Rocky Mts. Mississippi RiverMississippi River - Great Plains- Great Plains Gulf of MexicoGulf of Mexico - Appalachian Mts.- Appalachian Mts. Atlantic OceanAtlantic Ocean - Pacific Ocean- Pacific Ocean

More Bodies of WaterMore Bodies of Water

Great LakesGreat Lakes Mississippi River – Mississippi River – largest river system in largest river system in North AmericaNorth America

Understanding MapsUnderstanding Maps Compass RoseCompass Rose – – A compass roseA compass rose is a design on a is a design on a

map that shows directions. map that shows directions. It shows north, south, east, west, It shows north, south, east, west,

northeast, northwest, southeast, and southwestnortheast, northwest, southeast, and southwest.. There is a There is a Compass RoseCompass Rose located on every map. located on every map.

Complete the Compass Rose below.Complete the Compass Rose below.

On the compass rose above, only north is filled in. Fill in the rest of the On the compass rose above, only north is filled in. Fill in the rest of the directions on the compass rose, using the standard abbreviations:directions on the compass rose, using the standard abbreviations:N=North, S=South, E=East, W=West, NE=Northeast, NW=Northwest, N=North, S=South, E=East, W=West, NE=Northeast, NW=Northwest, SE=Southeast, SW=Southwest. SE=Southeast, SW=Southwest.

Two Types of MapsTwo Types of Maps

Physical MapPhysical Map - water, - water, lakes mountains, rivers, lakes mountains, rivers, desertsdeserts

Political MapPolitical Map – Shows – Shows national or state national or state boundariesboundaries

HemisphereHemisphere(half of a circle)(half of a circle)

Latitude & LongitudeLatitude & Longitude

LongitudeLongitude and and LatitudeLatitude are sets of are sets of imaginary lines that slice the Earth imaginary lines that slice the Earth into sections. into sections.

Using these imaginary lines, you can Using these imaginary lines, you can locate any point on the Earth and locate any point on the Earth and know its absolute location. know its absolute location.

Lines of latitude are called Lines of latitude are called parallelsparallels,, and lines of longitude are called and lines of longitude are called meridiansmeridians..

Latitude & LongitudeLatitude & Longitude Lines ofLines of LatitudeLatitude, ,

parallels, circle the globe parallels, circle the globe horizontally. Latitude horizontally. Latitude describes your position, describes your position, north or south of the north or south of the equator. The equator = 0 equator. The equator = 0

degrees latitude.degrees latitude.

Lines of LongitudeLines of Longitude, , meridians, run vertically meridians, run vertically from the North Pole to the from the North Pole to the South Pole. Meridians are South Pole. Meridians are used to measure distances used to measure distances in degrees east or west of in degrees east or west of

the Prime Meridian.the Prime Meridian.

Legend Legend Since a map is a reduced representation of the real world, Since a map is a reduced representation of the real world,

map symbols are used to represent real objects. Without map symbols are used to represent real objects. Without symbols, we wouldn't have maps. symbols, we wouldn't have maps.

Both Both shapesshapes and and colorscolors can be used for symbols on maps. can be used for symbols on maps. To ensure that a person can correctly read a map, a To ensure that a person can correctly read a map, a Map Map

LegendLegend is a key to all the symbols used on a map. It is like a is a key to all the symbols used on a map. It is like a dictionary so you can understand the meaning of what the dictionary so you can understand the meaning of what the map represents. map represents.

LegendLegend

ScaleScale Since an accurate map represents the land, each map has a Since an accurate map represents the land, each map has a

"scale" which indicates the relationship between a certain "scale" which indicates the relationship between a certain distance on the map and the distance on the ground. distance on the map and the distance on the ground.

The map scale is usually located in the legend box of a The map scale is usually located in the legend box of a map.map.

A map scale can be printed in a variety of ways A map scale can be printed in a variety of ways

Practice Map Practice Map AssignmentsAssignments