Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium National Aerospace Laboratory NLR DXXX-1A The Transition Towards Free Flight: A Human Factors Evaluation of Mixed Equipage, Integrated Air-Ground, Free Flight ATM Scenarios World Aviation Congress 1999, 99WAC-111 San Francisco, 19 October 1999 R.C.J. Ruigrok, R.N.H.W. van Gent, J.M. Hoekstra
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World Aviation Congress 1999, 99WAC-111 San Francisco, 19 October 1999
The Transition Towards Free Flight: A Human Factors Evaluation of Mixed Equipage, Integrated Air-Ground, Free Flight ATM Scenarios. World Aviation Congress 1999, 99WAC-111 San Francisco, 19 October 1999 R.C.J. Ruigrok, R.N.H.W. van Gent, J.M. Hoekstra. Explanation of title. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Nationaal Lucht- en RuimtevaartlaboratoriumNational Aerospace Laboratory NLR
DXXX-1A
The Transition Towards Free Flight: A Human Factors Evaluation of Mixed Equipage, Integrated Air-Ground, Free Flight ATM Scenarios
World Aviation Congress 1999, 99WAC-111
San Francisco, 19 October 1999
R.C.J. Ruigrok, R.N.H.W. van Gent, J.M. Hoekstra
Nationaal Lucht- en RuimtevaartlaboratoriumNational Aerospace Laboratory NLR
DXXX-2A
Explanation of title The Transition Towards Free Flight:
– in time and in space
A Human Factors Evaluation– objective and subjective measurements
of Mixed Equipage– aircraft with and without ADS-B, CDTI and CD&R
Integrated Air-Ground– air and ground players have a defined role
Free Flight ATM Scenarios– newly defined
Nationaal Lucht- en RuimtevaartlaboratoriumNational Aerospace Laboratory NLR
DXXX-3A
Overview
NLR studies on Free Flight
1997 human-in-the-loop experiment– in summary
1998 human-in-the-loop experiment– in detail
Conclusions and recommendations
Nationaal Lucht- en RuimtevaartlaboratoriumNational Aerospace Laboratory NLR
Experiment matrix:– Traffic Density - low density versus high density– Equipage - 25% versus 75% ASAS equipped– ATM operational concept - Flight Level, Protected Airways
and Full Mix
The high traffic density, Flight Level ATM condition was excluded
8 pilot subjects
Nationaal Lucht- en RuimtevaartlaboratoriumNational Aerospace Laboratory NLR
Pilot objective workloadTwo-way interaction of ATC condition and
equipage (p<0.044)
-1-0.8-0.6-0.4-0.2
00.20.40.60.8
1
ProtectedAirways
Full Mix Flight Level
ATC condition
Sca
n r
and
om
nes
s (Z
sco
re)
Equipage 25% Equipage 75%
Pilot subjective workloadTwo-way interaction of ATC condition
and equipage (p<0.16)
-1-0.8-0.6-0.4-0.2
00.20.40.60.8
1
ProtectedAirways
Full Mix Flight Level
ATC condition
RS
ME
(Z
sco
re)
Equipage 25% Equipage 75%
Nationaal Lucht- en RuimtevaartlaboratoriumNational Aerospace Laboratory NLR
DXXX-24A
1998 human-in-the-loop experiment Conclusions
The future ATM design has to be chosen very carefully:– Full Mixed ATM condition is best from the pilot’s perspective– Protected Airways ATM condition is sensitive to equipage
level (transition in time)– Flight Level ATC condition is most optimal from Air Traffic
Controller’s perspective (Hilburn, Pekela)
The flightdeck crew was able to handle higher traffic densities than the ground controller
Nationaal Lucht- en RuimtevaartlaboratoriumNational Aerospace Laboratory NLR
DXXX-25A
1998 human-in-the-loop experiment Future plans
Verify all assumptions:– “multi-pilot and multi-controller in the loop” experiment is
planned using Internet gaming facilities– ADS-B characteristics– Flight testing using “real” data
Study the integration of traffic, weather and terrain information in the cockpit
Nationaal Lucht- en RuimtevaartlaboratoriumNational Aerospace Laboratory NLR