WORLD AND MALAYSIA AGRICULTURE:FOOD SECURITY,FERTIGATION AND HYDROPONIC

WORLD AND MALAYSIA AGRICULTURE:FOOD SECURITY,FERTIGATION AND HYDROPONIC

Team Members

• Ungku Intan Dianna Binti Ungku A. Bakar 212320

• Noorul Ashikin Binti Zulkarnain 212353

• Nurul Hamiza Binti Zaini 212428

• Wong Jun Tat 222509

• Poh Jun Shern 220253

• Nur E’zzati Binti Bakar 212316

• Liyana Binti Suratman 212247

OUR STUDY OBJECTIVES…..

• Contribution of agriculture to Malaysia’s GDP

• Employment in agriculture in Malaysia

• Import and export of agriculture products inMalaysia

• Issues related to agriculture in Malaysia from 2000 until 2014

• Relationship of hydroponic and fertigation with food security

CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURE TO MALAYSIA’S GDPBY

Wong Jun Tat 222509

Performance of agriculture sector towards GDP from year 1970- 2010

• Agriculture is an important sector to Malaysia’s economic development.

Performance of agriculture sector towards GDP

1970 28.8%

1980 22.9%

1990 16.3%

2000 8.6%

2007 7.5 %

2008 7.7 %

2009 9.2%

2010 10.4%

2011 11.8%

2012 10.1%

2013 11.9%

Performance of agriculture sector towards GDP from year 1970- 2010

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010YEAR

PERCENTAGE%

Contribution of agriculture to the GDP of developed countries•United States of America, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan

1%-3%

Contribution of agriculture to the GDP of developing countries•Cambodia, Lao PDR, Vietnam and…

1/3%

Contribution of agriculture to the GDP by state

• Perlis, sabah:26.5 to 29.1%+-• WP Kuala Lumpur, Selangor and Penang : < 2.2 • Sarawak: 19.6%• Sabah: 17.9%• Johor: 14.1%

Contribution of palm oil to the GDP.• The crops sub‐sector was the main contributor of GDP for

agriculture, accounting for more than 52.0% per annum for the period of 2006‐2010. Oil palm was the main commodity, contributing between 30.1 to 32.3% per annum.

Contribution of GDP for fisheries and livestock sub‐sector • GDP for fisheries and livestock sub‐sector has increased for

18.0 and 11.5% in 2010 compared with 16.1 and 9.1% in 2006.

Contribution of GDP for forestry and logging sub‐sector • The forestry and logging sub‐sector fell to 17.6% in 2010

compared to 22.1% in 2006.

Percentage share of GDP for agriculture sector, Malaysia, 2006‐2010

Contribution of GDP for live- stock sub‐sector in 2012

Types of

livestock

production

Value (Ringgit

Malaysia million)

Contribution (%)

Poultry meat 2 903.0 55.7

Eggs 1 105.0 21.1

Pork 906.8 17.4

Beef 248.7 4.8

Mutton 12.9 0.2

Dairy 43.5 0.8

Total 5 219.9 100

EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURE IN MALAYSIA BY

Nurul Hamiza Binti Zaini 212428

Percentage of employed

person in agriculture

sector

Contribution foreign

workers in agriculture:

Percentage of employment

by state of Malaysia

The relationship between

attitude, knowledge,

support and acceptance

The employment of

agriculture will success if:

Acceptance Attitude Knowledge Support

How to generate people

interest:

Change

mindset

Upgrade

technology

ExposureOpportunity

Support

IMPORT AND EXPORT OF AGRICULTURE PRODUCTS IN MALAYSIA

BY

Ungku Intan Dianna Binti Ungku A. Bakar 212320

Malaysia’s Agriculture as a Leading Exporter and Importer in the World

Aspects 2011 2012

Export Value Import Value Export Value Import Value

Agriculture Products 39 21 34 21

Food 32 17 28 17

Share in World

Export

Share in World

Import

Share in World

Export

Share in World

Import

Agriculture Products 2.3 1.2 2.0 1.2

Food 2.3 1.1 2.1 1.1

Ranked Export Ranked Import Ranked Export Ranked Import

Agriculture Products 9th 13th 11th 12th

Food 8th 12th 11th 12th

External trade for agriculture sector, Malaysia

• Source: Malaysia External Trade Statistics, January 2014

Major and Selected Commodities for Export and Import in Malaysia

• Imports of major and selected commodities • Palm kernel oil

• Fertilizer manufactured

• Exports of major and selected commodities • Natural rubber

• Cocoa beans (raw/roasted)

• Pepper (black/white)

• Palm oil

• Palm kernel oil

• Logs and sawn timber

• Import and export by SITC sections • Food

• Beverages and tobacco

• Animal and vegetable oil and fats

SITC section (Standard International Trade Classification).

Malaysian Fruits and Vegetable Trade

Below is the list of Malaysian agricultural produce granted market access to Australia, China, Japan and USA (Norma, 2008):

• Cut Flowers (Orchids,Chrysanthemums, Anthurium,Foliages)

• Durian (Frozen whole fruit/pulp)

• Durian

• Pineapple

• Young Coconut

• Papaya

• Rambutan

• Mangosteen

• Longan

• Watermelon

• Coconut

• Jackfruit

• Banana

ISSUES RELATED TO AGRICULTURE IN MALAYSIA FROM 2000 UNTIL 2014BY

Nur E’zzati Binti Bakar 212316

Liyana Binti Suratman 212247

ISSUES

INDUSTRY RESOURCE

OVERSEAS

PRIVATE

SECTORS

FARMERS

INDUSTRY RESOURCES

Definition:Agricultural land refers to the share of land

area that is arable, under permanent crops, and under permanent pastures.

Idle land refers to land surface / paddy land area of 0.4 hectares minimum on either continuous (contiguous) or scattered land which is owned by individuals and not cultivated for three consecutive years and the potential for agricultural use.

(Source: Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO)

…INDUSTRY RESOURCESSmall & uneconomic land holdings• 65% paddy planters work on holding < 1 ha

• For example, the average farm-size in paddy farming is 2 hectares (economic size is approximately 300 hectares), 2 hectares in aquaculture (economic size is 1,000 hectares for an integrated operation) and 1 hectare in the cultivation of fruits (economic size is 1,000 hectares in order to support one sorting, processing and packaging plant). This is in sharp contrast to the oil palm sector where large companies manage land banks in excess of 500,000 hectares.

Competition for land resources• 6.36 million land; 83% for estate

Imported planting material/input• Vegetables: 95% seeds imported

• Fruits:40% seeds imported

• Fish try: 25% imported

(Source: The Official Portal Of Malaysian Palm Oil Board – MPOB)

Source: Department of Statistics Malaysia

FARMERS

Ageing farmers The average age of paddy farmers is above 60 years and 40

percent of fruit farmers are above 55 years of age.

Under employmentPaddy planters: 27 days/season

coconut smallholders: 16 days/month

Perception of youngsters generation engaging in agriculture

sector is not attractive

Inadequate labor force

Higher wages

afforded by other sector

Resulted in an outflow

of farm labor to other sector

Consequently, there is now high employment of

immigrant workers in the

agricultural and forestry sectors

However, despite the

employment of immigrant

labor, the plantation

sector is still short of workers

Resulted in substantial

areas of idle land

90% of the manual workers in Sabah's oil palm plantations are Indonesian workers employed to do harvesting, weeding and other plantation maintenance works. The work is tough, long hours and lowly-paid.

The agricultural continues to experience a shortage of labor

(Source: Department of Statistics Malaysia,2013)

Lack of Scale Economies and Ageing Farmers Community

PRIVATE SECTOR

• Agricultural is perceived as a poor man’s sector and profile not comparable with other sectors.

• Low productivity of the sector.

• 60% lesser than productivity in the manufacturing sector.

• Need to enhance productivity

Ministry expects 20pc of city folk to take up urban agriculture

• The minister said the campaign would be expanded eventually to other cities.

• He also said that another agriculture programme, ‘JomBertani’ (Let’s Take Up Agriculture), would be launched by Deputy Prime Minister Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin next month to encourage rural people to take up agriculture.

OVERSEAS

• Trade liberalization: WTO, APEC and AFTA

• Need to enhance competitiveness of agricultural product.

• Asian financial crisis 1997 and devaluation of values of Malaysian ringgit (RM)

• Increasing cost imported agricultural inputs

• Increasing of food import bills.

Malaysia aspires to be main chocolate producer in Asia by 2020

• “Actually Malaysia’s hope is to be the chocolate king of Asia. That means all chocolate products would be exported out of Malaysia and Malaysia will continue to undertake innovation and product development,” he said.

RELATIONSHIP OF HYDROPONIC AND FERTIGATION WITH FOOD SECURITYBY

Noorul Ashikin Binti Zulkarnain 212353

Poh Jun Shern 220253

Definition of food security

• Have physical and economic access

• sufficient , safe and nutritious food

• meet their dietary needs and food preferences

• for active and healthy lifestyle.

• the objective and instruments in Malaysia’s paddy and rice sector can be said as the same from the first till ninth Malaysian Plan

• to achieve or attain a reasonable self sufficiency level (SSL) in rice

• used as an index to food security in the country.

FAO

Malaysian National Food

Policy

1)Food availability: sufficient quantities of food on a consistent basis.

2)Food accessibility: having sufficient resources to obtain appropriate foods for a nutritious diet.

3)Food use: appropriate use based on knowledge of basic nutrient and care, as well as adequate water and sanitation.

WHO

Definition fertigation• Fertigation - application of fertilizers, soil amendments,

or other water soluble products through an irrigation system.

• Technique - how to plant without damaging the soil by providing enough water and nutrient for them.

• Examples of fertigation are

Definition hydroponic• Hydroponics - subset of hydro culture and is a method of

growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions, in water, without soil.

• Terrestrial plants may be grown with their roots in the mineral nutrient solution only or in an inert medium, such as perlite, gravel, biochar, mineral wool, expanded clay ,pebbles or coconut husk.

• Examples of hydroponic are

Relationship between food security with fertigation and hydroponic

• Providing more production to feed all peoples.

• With the present of food security, the process of producing food can be secured, according to the policy stated.

• To serve a good quality of product to consumer.

• Does not have to rely on importing our staple food into our country anymore when the condition of agriculture is in good form.

CONCLUSION

• UN praises Malaysia for making strides in reducing poverty

• Malaysian poverty 8.9>1.7

• Urban poverty 3.7>1.0

• Rural poverty 15.3>3.4

• The poorest state, Sabah, has experienced the highest reduction in poverty, from 19.7% in 2009 to 6.1% in 2012.

• since 1970, the Malaysian economy had gradually transformed

• agrarian > diversified one with manufacturing and production of processed goods and services sectors being dominant.

• Bridge the rural-urban gap

• the government’s efforts in developing the agricultural sector in a modern and commercial way will contribute to the success of the food security policy and reduce the bill or costs of importing food and agricultural products in the country

• Agriculture, which accounted for more than 20% of GDP in 1985, dropped to 7.3% in 2012, surpassed by other sectors of the economy including services (56.4%), manufacturing (24.9%) and mining and quarrying (8.4%) of GDP

THANK YOU, for you attention…