Workshop/Breakout Title Workshop/Breakout Speaker(s) Changes in Infant Death Coding and Implications for Safe Sleep Campaigns Malinda Douglas, MPH, Oklahoma Department of Health Violanda Grigorescu, MD, MSPH, Michigan Dept. of Community Health Sandra Frank, JD, CAE, Tomorrow's Child/Michigan SIDS
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Workshop/Breakout Title Workshop/Breakout Speaker(s) Changes in Infant Death Coding and Implications for Safe Sleep Campaigns Malinda Douglas, MPH, Oklahoma.
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Workshop/Breakout Title
Workshop/Breakout Speaker(s)
Changes in Infant Death Coding and Implications for Safe Sleep Campaigns
Malinda Douglas, MPH, Oklahoma Department of Health Violanda Grigorescu, MD, MSPH, Michigan Dept. of Community
• Analyzed Medical Examiner database– January 2000 through December 2003– Oklahoma residents– Less than 12 months of age– Manner of death = Accidental
– Cause = Asphyxia
– Manner of death = Unknown– Cause = Asphyxia– Cause = Other– Cause = Unknown
Methods
• Reviewed reports of investigation– Demographic data– Details of the death– Narrative of circumstances– Autopsy report
• Last known activity was sleeping
Definitions
• Unsafe sleeping– Not sleeping alone in a safe crib or bassinette– Not put to sleep on back or found on back– Pillows, stuffed toys, loose quilts or comforters
• Co-sleeping– Sharing a sleep surface with another person– Surfaces include bed, couch, chair, and other
Unsafe Sleeping Case Selection
• 124 possible cases reviewed• 113 infants sleeping prior to death
– 2 following safe sleep guidelines– 5 lacked specific details to classify
• 94% (106/113) involved unsafe sleeping conditions– 81% unknown manner of death– 80% other/unknown cause of death
Unsafe Sleeping Deaths by Age and Sex, Oklahoma,
2000-2003
0
5
10
15
20
25N
um
ber
of
case
s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Age in months
Females Males
Source: Oklahoma State Medical Examiner, n = 106
Unsafe Sleeping Deaths by Race and Year, Oklahoma,
2000-2003
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35N
um
ber
of
death
s
2000 2001 2002 2003
Year of death
African American American Indian White
Source: Oklahoma State Medical Examiner, n = 104, excludes 2 cases coded as other
Rate/1,000
AA: 1.2
AI: 0.7
W: 0.4
Overall: 0.5
* includes Hispanic
Time and Place of Occurrence
• 82% at night
• 97% occurred in a private home– 86% in own home– 11% in others home
• 2% in licensed child care
• 1% in hospital
Source: Oklahoma State Medical Examiner, n = 106
Unsafe Sleeping Deaths by Sleep Surface, Oklahoma,
2000-2003
Bed50%
Couch8%
Crib13%
Unknown/ Other12%
Mattress on floor5%
Playpen5%
Waterbed3%
Bassinette4%
Source: Oklahoma State Medical Examiner, n = 106
Unsafe Sleeping Deaths by Mechanism of Injury,
Oklahoma, 2000-2003
Overlay - definite
6%Pillow
8%
Unknown/ Other33%
Overlay - possible
31%
Blanket6% Entrapped
10%
Found on floor6%
Source: Oklahoma State Medical Examiner, n = 106
Infant Health History
• Breastfed – 6%– 74% not specified
• Low birth weight – 6%– 87% not specified
• Premature birth – 15%– 56% not specified
• Respiratory illness – 25%– 68% not specified
Source: Oklahoma State Medical Examiner, n = 106
Caregiver or Family Factors
• Use of alcohol and/or drugs – 14%
• History of drug/alcohol problems – 11%
• CPS involvement – 21%
• Previous SIDS death – 3%
• Secondhand smoke exposure – 3%
Source: Oklahoma State Medical Examiner, n = 106
Unsafe Sleeping Deaths by Co-Sleeping at the Time of
Death, Oklahoma, 2000-2003
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Num
ber
of
death
s
2000 2001 2002 2003
Year of death
Co-sleep Not co-sleep
Source: Oklahoma State Medical Examiner, n = 103, excludes 3 unknowns