Workshop Physics SPM PHYSICS SPM... · Web viewbe a single word or a short phrase or sentence. Explain ( Terangkan/Jelaskan ) This usually means some reference to physics theory Describe

Subject : PHYSICS

Topics :

-List of command words

-The common mistakes

-Notes: Chapter 1: Introduction to Physics

Chapter 2 : Forces and Motion

Chapter 3 : Forces and Pressure

Chapter 4 : Heat

Questions

-Paper 3 : Section A : Structured Item

Section B : Open Response Item

-Question

LIST OF COMMAND WORDS.

1. Define ( Takrifkan ) This means you are only required to write a concise statement to say what something is or means.

2. What do you understand by ( Apakah yang difahamkan dengan )This means a definition plus a comment on the context or significance of the term.

3. State (Nyatakan ) This means a short, concise answer is expected, without explanation.

4. List (Senaraikan ) This means you are to give a number of points in a ‘list’. Each point might only be a single word or a short phrase or sentence.

5 Explain ( Terangkan/Jelaskan )This usually means some reference to physics theory

6 Describe ( Huraikan )This means you are to state the main points in words, together with a diagram, if appropriate.

7. Discuss (Bincangkan )This means give a critical account of the points in a topic. This might include giving positive and negative points.

8. Outline (Rangkakan )This means give a brief answer, mentioning only the main points.

9. Predict or deduce ( Ramalkan )This means you are to deduce an answer from information in the question or from earlier answers. It means you are not expected to produce an answer from memory.

10. Suggest (Cadangkan )Very often this type of question looks as if it is not in the syllabus. But ‘suggests’ means you are not expected to know the correct answer. You are supposed to make a logical deduction from the information given in the question or from your physics knowledge. Your answer may not be true, but it is correct if what you say is sensible from what you might reasonably be expected to know.

11. Find ( Kirakan )This generally means calculate, measure, determine etc.

12. Calculate ( Hitungkan )This means a numerical answer is expected and the working is expected to be shown.

13. Determine (Tentukan )This usually means the answer cannot be measured directly but is obtained by calculation or perhaps, by taking a reading from a graph. Normally a numerical answer is expected

14. Estimate ( Anggarkan )This means obtain an answer as accurately as you can, although it may not be exact.

15. Sketch (Lakarkan )

This is often applied to graph. It means that only the correct shape and approximate position of the graph is expected. It might mean you need to add one or two numbers to make the position clear.

COMMON MISTAKES

1. Answer correct, but no unit given to calculated value. Advice: make sure to write

down the units.

2. Name of scientists. e.g : Archimedes, accept close answers, sound similar when

read.

3. E.c.f , accept wrong calculated value in earlier part .Penalize once only , correct

method used is awarded marks.

4. Key words / don’t need complete sentences.

5. Number of decimal places in final answers. At least 1 d.p., 2, 3, 4, , but not too many.

Don’t round up to whole number.

6. Very often, don’t accept “contra” answers. E.g:..Voltmeter/ammeter

7. Units not consistent. No marks.

8. In essay. Marks are given according to points given. 1 point, 1 mark.

9. Write answers based on observations, cannot include physics that you cannot see.

10.Differences between Section B and Section C.

Section C : Have to analyse datas in table form/ many diagrams of same instruments

but different features. Ask to select one device with supporting information, must

choose one device.

Section B: Definition, Conccptualize question (mengkonsepsikan) usually from 2

diagrams, explanation of an event, describe an instrument, application of knowledge.

Section C: Definition, explanation of an event, graph. Table containing

data/diagrams., make a choice.

PHYSICS PAPER 3

Section A: Structured Item

1. In section A, students are usually required to tabulated the data in a table and plot a graph

2. A complete table must consist of:

(i) Column title that contain physical quantity, symbol and unit.

(ii) First column (on the left) of table is normally filled with manipulated variable;

(iii) Last column (on the right) of table is normally filled with responding variable.

(iv) All values must be recorded by using appropriate decimal place and consistent for

each column.

1. 2 Q’s2. Identify variables: MV, RV, CV3. Table – No. of column based on the construct4. Identify type of graphs – Directly/ Inversely proportional …5. Extrapolation of graph6. Calculate gradient

{(i)

(iii)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

All values must be recorded by using appropriate decimal place and consistent for each column

TABLE

All complete graph must contain the following:

(i) Title of graph – The first variable used in the title must be used for y-axis

Example: Title of graph: Graph of T2 versus l

Variable T2 must be used as label and values on y-axis

(ii) Labels of x-axis and y-axis and units

(iii) The vertical and horizontal scales must be even.

(iv) Size of the graph must be at least ¾ of the graph paper.

(v) The values for the origin of the graph must be written.

(vi) Coordinates of the graph must be plotted with a small cross mark (x)

(vii) In calculating the gradient of the graph, the triangle used for the calculation must be

drawn on the graph with the size of at least 8 X 10 cm.

GRAPH

Graph of T2 versus l

PHYSICS PAPER 3 Section B: Open Response Item

1. In this section students are required plan an experiment based on the scenario given in the

question.

2. To answer this section, students must be able to

Identify Responding Variable (RV) and Manipulated Variable (MV).

Relate the Responding Variable (RV)and Manipulated Variable (MV).

3. The table below provides the technique to answer questions in this section.

STEPS REMARK FORMAT SAMPLE ANSWER

1. Identify RV and MV

RV and MV must be the physical quantities that can be measured during the experiment.

RV: acceleration of the boatMV: The total mass of the boat

2. Inference

An inference is a conclusion drawn from observation of a phenomenon studied

RV depends on MV ORMV influences RV

(a) Acceleration of the boat

decreases when its mass is increased. OR

Acceleration of the boat depends on the total mass of the boat

3. Hypothesis

General statement that assumed to be true regarding the relationship between MV and RV (Must have DIRECTION) based on the experiment being planned.

The longer/bigger the MV the longer/smaller the RV

(b)For a constant external force acting on an object, the bigger the mass of the object, the smaller is its acceleration.

4. Aim To find the relationship between MV and RV

To find the relationship between the MV and the RV

(c)(i)To find the relationship between acceleration and the mass of an object.

5. Variable

Manipulated Variable (MV) – Physical Quantity which is controlled / changed for the purpose of investigating the results of an experiment..

Responding Variable (RV) – Physical Quantitiy which is the result of the changes made to MV

Constant Variable (CV) – Physical Quantities which are kept constant during the experiment

List down the:Manipulated Variable (MV)

Responding Variable (RV)

Constant Variable (CV)

that are used in the experiment

(C)(ii) Manipulated variable (MV): mass of the object, m

Responding variable (RV): acceleration of the object, a

Fixed variable (FV): force acting on the object, F

6. Equipment orApparatus

List all apparatus and materials used (the apparatus that are used to measure the RV and MV must be included)

List all apparatus and materials used

(C)(iii)Ticker tape, cellophane tape, three identical elastic cords/rubber bands, ticker timer, three trolleys, two retort stand with clamps as support, power supply, runway for trolley.

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7. Diagram Draw the correct diagram Draw the correct diagram

(C)(iv)

8. Procedure

Write in passive form – past tense.

The procedures must include:o Method of measuring the

first value of MV.o Method of measuring the

RVo Repetition of

experiments using at least another 4 MV

Write down the procedures

(C)( v)(i) The apparatus is

set up as shown in the figure.

(ii) the ticker timer which is connected to the 12 V a.c. power supply is started and the trolley is pulled down the runway.The elastic cord is always maintained at the same length and parallel with the trolley.

(iii) The ticker obtained is cut into 5-tick strips and a tape chart for the motion of the trolley is made. The acceleration of the trolley, a, is calculated and recorded.

(iv) The steps are repeated with 2 and then 3 identical trolleys stacked up. For each case, the elastic cord is kept stretched until the end of the runway.

9. Tabulation of data

Draw the basic table to record data Draw table to record data

(C)(vi)

10. Analysis of data

Sketch the graph with suitable quantities.

(vii) the graph of acceleration, a against m (or a against 1/m) is

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Normally must have a minimum of

5 trials/data

Mass, m / number of trolley

1/m Acceleration, a / cm s-2

12345

plotted.(1 point will be given for EITHER(a) writing: ‘the graph of a against m (or a against 1/m) is plotted’ , or (b) any of these graph sketches. ALL labels must be present.)

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Sample question(Physics Paper 3- section B)

Figure 1 shows a fisherman starting his fishing journey in the morning. Figure 2 shows the fisherman returned with a boat loaded with fish. On his return journey, he rowed with the same strength as he started, but the boat moved much slower.

Figure 1 Figure 2

Using the information on the fisherman and his experience,(a) make one suitable inference; [1 mark](b) state one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated; [1 mark](c) design an experiment to test your hypothesis stated in (b);

Choose suitable apparatus such as trolley, ticker timer and other apparatus. In your description, state clearly the following;

(i) aim of the experiment,(ii) variables in the experiment,(iii) list of apparatus and materials,(iv) arrangement of the apparatus, (v) the procedure of the experiment which includes the method of controlling the manipulated

variable and the method of measuring the responding variable,(vi) the way you would tabulate the data,(vii) the way you would analyse the data.

[10 marks]

Answer

(a) Acceleration of the boat decreases when its mass is increased.(b) For a constant external force acting on an object, the bigger the mass of the object, the smaller is

its acceleration.(c) (i) to determine the relationship between acceleration and the mass of an object.

(ii) Manipulated variable: mass of the object, mResponding variable: acceleration of the object, aFixed variable: force acting on the object, F

(iii) Ticker tape, cellophane tape, three identical elastic cords/rubber bands, ticker timer, three trolleys, two retort stand with clamps as support, power supply, runway for trolley.

(iv)

(v) - The apparatus is set up as shown in the figure.

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- the ticker timer which is connected to the 12 V a.c. power5 supply is started and the trolley is pulled down the runway.

- The elastic cord is always maintained at the same length and parallel with the trolley.

- The ticker obtained is cut into 5-tick strips and a tape chart for the motion of the trolley is made. The acceleration of the trolley, a, is calculated and recorded.

- The steps repeated with 2 and then 3 identical trolleys stacked up. For each case, the elastic cord is kept stretched until the end of the runway.

Mass, m / number of trolley

1/m Acceleration, a / cm s-2

1

2345

(vii) the graph of acceleration, a against m (or a against 1/m) is plotted.

1 point will be given for EITHER(a) writing: ‘the graph of a against m (or a against 1/m) is plotted’ , or (b) any of these graph sketches. ALL labels must be present.

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Normally must have a

minimum of 5 trials/data

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