Workshop Workshop on on “Statistical Organisation “Statistical Organisation and Management for SADC and Management for SADC Member States” Member States” Luanda, 2 – 6 December 2006 Luanda, 2 – 6 December 2006 --------- --------- Strategy based Human Strategy based Human Resources Management Resources Management by by Awa Thiongane Awa Thiongane Senior Regional Adviser Senior Regional Adviser ECA ECA
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Workshop on “Statistical Organisation and Management for SADC Member States” Luanda, 2 – 6 December 2006 --------- Strategy based Human Resources Management.
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Workshop Workshop onon
“Statistical Organisation and “Statistical Organisation and Management for SADC Member Management for SADC Member
States”States”Luanda, 2 – 6 December 2006Luanda, 2 – 6 December 2006
------------------Strategy based Human Strategy based Human Resources ManagementResources Management
OutlineOutline HR Management : IssueHR Management : Issue PlanningPlanning RecruitmentRecruitment Development Development AuditAudit Performance appraisalPerformance appraisal Reward systemsReward systems SeparationSeparation
Authoritative QuotationAuthoritative Quotation
““TheThe organization’s greatest organization’s greatest strength – and the key to our strength – and the key to our success - is the quality of our staff success - is the quality of our staff and managers.”and managers.”
Koffi Anan in « Building the Future »Koffi Anan in « Building the Future »
HR and Management HR and Management TheoryTheory
A definition of Management A definition of Management • ““Management is working with and through Management is working with and through
other people to accomplish the objectives of other people to accomplish the objectives of both the organization and those of its both the organization and those of its members”members”
This implies that:This implies that:• Human capital is central in organizations' assets Human capital is central in organizations' assets • There a is need to stress results rather than activitiesThere a is need to stress results rather than activities• Employees’ expectations are as important as Employees’ expectations are as important as
organizations’ objectives organizations’ objectives In other words:In other words:
• Involvement of people (quality management – Involvement of people (quality management – principle 3)principle 3)
• Managing for results (new development agenda)Managing for results (new development agenda)• Empowerment – responsibility - accountabilityEmpowerment – responsibility - accountability
Social behaviour in AfricaSocial behaviour in Africa• Homo “socialisis” Homo “socialisis”
• Citizen status within a far more Citizen status within a far more democratic information societydemocratic information society
• Expression of individuals expectations:Expression of individuals expectations:- InformationInformation - Understanding - Understanding - RespectRespect - Knowledge - Knowledge - AssertivenessAssertiveness - Communication- Communication- Social statusSocial status - Participation- Participation
Managing PeopleManaging People
Leadership (P2)Leadership (P2) Motivate individuals for the goals and objectives of the Motivate individuals for the goals and objectives of the
NSONSO Minimise bad communication between the various Minimise bad communication between the various
levels of the NSOlevels of the NSO And moreAnd more
Implication of persons (P3)Implication of persons (P3) Motivated, committed and involved staff within the Motivated, committed and involved staff within the
NSOsNSOs Innovation and creativity to serve the organization Innovation and creativity to serve the organization
objectives objectives Persons responsible of their own performancesPersons responsible of their own performances Individuals eager to participate in and contribute to Individuals eager to participate in and contribute to
continuous improvementcontinuous improvement
Managerial Managerial AbilitiesAbilities
Environment Environment of the NSOof the NSO
Staff Staff CharacteristiCharacteristicscs
Job Job characteristiccharacteristicss
Leader at confluence of Leader at confluence of …………
LL
Strategy chainStrategy chain
Inputs SWOT matrix
User needsStat products
Financial &Administrativ
estrategy
HRHRStrategyStrategy
Rules procedures
SWOT Matrix SWOT Matrix B
ad
Bad
FutureFuture
Good
Good
PresentPresent
WeaknessesWeaknesses ThreatsThreats
OpportunitOpportunitiesies
StrengtStrengthshs
For discussions For discussions See Annex *See Annex *
Career path Career path
Very different patterns Very different patterns • Before: Vertical career path (civil Before: Vertical career path (civil
service – life appointment in Japanese service – life appointment in Japanese companies – quasi-predictability )companies – quasi-predictability )
• Nowadays: Horizontal career path or Nowadays: Horizontal career path or combined with vertical arrangements combined with vertical arrangements (mobility is key today*) (mobility is key today*)
• (for discussions: advantages and (for discussions: advantages and disadvantages for the NSO)disadvantages for the NSO)
* “Where do you think you will be in 5 * “Where do you think you will be in 5 years?”years?”
Career Path: Career Path: Vertical Vertical arrangementsarrangements
Associated Associated words:words:
* Grade - * Grade - levellevel* Required * Required time time at each at each stepstep* Fast track* Fast track* Career * Career plateauringplateauring
• Civil service procedure of automatic advancement or Civil service procedure of automatic advancement or advancement on merit (fair appraisal system) advancement on merit (fair appraisal system) • Vertical arrangements lead to a higher job Vertical arrangements lead to a higher job
Incre
ase
d m
atu
rity
an
d
Incre
ase
d m
atu
rity
an
d
exp
eri
en
ce
exp
eri
en
ce
Career Path: Career Path: Horizontal Horizontal arrangementsarrangements
Targeted Targeted job job
Job Job X1X1
Job Job X2X2
Job Job XiXi
Job Job Xn Xn
…………......
or or oror
Ex: Computer scientists in NSO in the 80sEx: Computer scientists in NSO in the 80s
Career path Career path
Career plateauringCareer plateauring• Organizations cannot promote everyoneOrganizations cannot promote everyone• Skill-mix is needed at various levelsSkill-mix is needed at various levels• Organizational structure are generally Organizational structure are generally
hierarchal hierarchal • Career path is set up for the organization Career path is set up for the organization
goalsgoals SolutionsSolutions
• Remain in the same jobRemain in the same job• Transfer to a different career path Transfer to a different career path • Quit the organization Quit the organization
RecruitmentRecruitment
Generally by the civil serviceGenerally by the civil service• NSO Request – employees are postedNSO Request – employees are posted• Risk factors:Risk factors:
Long procedure beyond the control of the NSOLong procedure beyond the control of the NSO NSO has often no say on the candidatesNSO has often no say on the candidates Difficulties in retention of skilled staff (low Difficulties in retention of skilled staff (low
wages – sometimes low profile of the NSO, wages – sometimes low profile of the NSO, etc.)etc.)
The NSO is autonomous The NSO is autonomous • Recruitment plan to be designedRecruitment plan to be designed• Selection procedures as part of the Selection procedures as part of the
recruitmentrecruitment
SelectionSelection What is required for the job?What is required for the job? Pre-selection through résumé (minimum requirements)Pre-selection through résumé (minimum requirements) Interviews Interviews
• Face-to-face interview (short list)Face-to-face interview (short list) To assess the candidate motivation to perform the To assess the candidate motivation to perform the
job and remain on the job (cost-effectiveness); job and remain on the job (cost-effectiveness); whether he/she has the qualifications required; whether he/she has the qualifications required; he/her attitude vis-à-vis the organization culturehe/her attitude vis-à-vis the organization culture
Face-to-face interview appraisal based on verbal Face-to-face interview appraisal based on verbal messages and body language messages and body language
• Formal (predetermined questions - various Formal (predetermined questions - various types ) types )
• Informal (group meal)Informal (group meal) Fairness requires to avoid not job-related factors;Fairness requires to avoid not job-related factors; Etc. Etc.
Categories of staff to be Categories of staff to be recruitedrecruited
Competencies
Tech
nic
al
skil
ls
Too much in demand *High mobility * but for their leadership
Would be able to quickly Acquire skills to retain
To avoid
To retain for tasks that do not need interactions with other members of the staff
Training – A lifetime Training – A lifetime ActivityActivity On-the-job training On-the-job training
• Orientation for new employees (formal or Orientation for new employees (formal or informal for quick integration of new informal for quick integration of new employees)employees)
• Internship Internship • On-the-job rotation (managerial and other On-the-job rotation (managerial and other
levels)levels)• Coaching Coaching • Divisional meetingsDivisional meetings• Specialized training (Task rotation to Specialized training (Task rotation to
maximized specialized human capital based on maximized specialized human capital based on versatility)versatility)
• Ad hoc training sessions to improve personal Ad hoc training sessions to improve personal skills and to share the organization culture (on skills and to share the organization culture (on team building, team work, communication, team building, team work, communication, negotiations, planning and organizing, negotiations, planning and organizing, management, time management, etc.)management, time management, etc.)
TrainingTraining
Off- the –job TrainingOff- the –job Training• Seminars/workshops :Seminars/workshops :
Training workshop Training workshop Peer learning – expert groupsPeer learning – expert groups Reward for performanceReward for performance
• Refresher courses Refresher courses • Courses leading to degrees (tuition Courses leading to degrees (tuition
fees)fees)• Etc.Etc.
Resolution of Conflicts - Resolution of Conflicts - NegotiationNegotiation
Non-monetary Non-monetary - Participation in the staff social events Participation in the staff social events - CertificateCertificate- Letter of appreciationLetter of appreciation- Empowerment Empowerment - Training (on-the-job and out-of-the job)Training (on-the-job and out-of-the job)- Study tours, etc.Study tours, etc.
Compensation Compensation • In projectsIn projects• Surveys, censusesSurveys, censuses• Etc. Etc.
Separation Separation
Current situationCurrent situation- - RetirementRetirement - Resignation- Resignation
- End of contract- End of contract - Discharge, ….- Discharge, ….
Other situationsOther situations• Consequences of budgetary constraints Consequences of budgetary constraints
(SAP) (SAP) Downsizing Downsizing
• Change of status, etc.Change of status, etc. New organizational structureNew organizational structure New job descriptionsNew job descriptions New recruitment rulesNew recruitment rules
Audit Audit
Objective:Objective:• MeasureMeasure of effectiveness of HR of effectiveness of HR
Recommendations for improvementRecommendations for improvement
Based on existing files or surveys resultsBased on existing files or surveys results
Causes of Causes of professional wear professional wear
out out
Sigmoid Sigmoid CurveCurve
Time for Time for ChangeChange
ChallengesChallenges
Staff Retention:Staff Retention: A major challenge for the NSOA major challenge for the NSO Ex: Central banks in competition with the NSOs Ex: Central banks in competition with the NSOs
• Training Training • Change of statusChange of status• Professionalism Professionalism • Contractual relationships with new members** Contractual relationships with new members** • Periods for consultancy services for senior staffPeriods for consultancy services for senior staff• Mentoring Mentoring • Special ProgrammesSpecial Programmes• Social eventsSocial events
For discussionsFor discussions
Indicators for monitoring purposes?Indicators for monitoring purposes? Career plans?Career plans? Training programmes?Training programmes? Incentive scheme?Incentive scheme? Staff retention?Staff retention? Performance appraisal programme?Performance appraisal programme? Jobe description?Jobe description? Trade union or association?Trade union or association?
AnnexesAnnexes
P1- P1- Customer focus Customer focus P2- P2- LeadershipLeadershipP3- P3- InvolvementInvolvement of peopleof people P4- P4- Process approach Process approach P5- P5- System approach to management System approach to management P6- P6- Continual improvementContinual improvementP7- P7- Factual approach to decision-makingFactual approach to decision-making P8-P8- Mutually beneficial suppliers Mutually beneficial suppliers
Weaknesses:Weaknesses:• Poor staffing Poor staffing • High mobility of specialized staffHigh mobility of specialized staff• No adequate skill-mixNo adequate skill-mix• Low wagesLow wages• Not enough incentivesNot enough incentives• Etc.Etc.
Annex 2: SWOT AnalysisAnnex 2: SWOT Analysis
Strengths:Strengths:• Highly skilled staff Highly skilled staff • Change of status Change of status • Brand name of the NSOBrand name of the NSO• Partnerships _ New opportunities in Partnerships _ New opportunities in
training, funding additional activitiestraining, funding additional activities• Etc. Etc.
Annex 2: SWOT AnalysisAnnex 2: SWOT Analysis
Threats:Threats:• Skilled staff highly in demand (threat Skilled staff highly in demand (threat
for NSOs not for NSSs)for NSOs not for NSSs)
Annex 2: SWOT AnalysisAnnex 2: SWOT Analysis
Opportunities:Opportunities:• Higher profile of statisticians (change Higher profile of statisticians (change
of status – Awareness (advocacy and of status – Awareness (advocacy and increase in international statistical increase in international statistical needs) needs)
• Current trendsCurrent trends Lifetime learning Lifetime learning Leverage through ICTLeverage through ICT Networking Networking Lobbying Lobbying Sub-contractingSub-contracting
Annex 2: SWOT AnalysisAnnex 2: SWOT Analysis
Improving skills
to raise statistical profileto raise statistical profile