African Centre for Statistics United Nations Economic United Nations Economic Commission for Africa Commission for Africa Production and Use of Production and Use of Administrative Data and Administrative Data and Sub National Level Data Sub National Level Data for MDG Monitoring in for MDG Monitoring in Africa: Challenges and Africa: Challenges and Opportunities Opportunities Workshop on MDG Monitoring 5-8 May 2008, Kampala, Uganda Dimitri Sanga, Ph.D. Dimitri Sanga, Ph.D. Senior Statistician Senior Statistician
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Workshop on MDG Monitoring 5-8 May 2008, Kampala, Uganda
Production and Use of Administrative Data and Sub National Level Data for MDG Monitoring in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities. Workshop on MDG Monitoring 5-8 May 2008, Kampala, Uganda. Dimitri Sanga, Ph.D. Senior Statistician. Outline. Background Data Sources for MDG Monitoring - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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African Centre for Statistics
United Nations Economic Commission for AfricaUnited Nations Economic Commission for Africa
Production and Use of Production and Use of Administrative Data and Administrative Data and Sub National Level Data Sub National Level Data for MDG Monitoring in for MDG Monitoring in Africa: Challenges and Africa: Challenges and
OpportunitiesOpportunitiesWorkshop on MDG Monitoring 5-8 May 2008, Kampala, Uganda
Sources for MDG Monitoring The Need for MDG Data at
the Sub National Level The Way Forward
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BackgroundBackground
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MDG Monitoring Monitoring and evaluation of
progress made towards the achievement of the MDGs is data intensive
They require data from various sources produced using different tools
The choice of the source depends on the availability of the data and the indicator
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Data sources for MDG monitoring
The main sources of data for MDG monitoring include:Household surveysCensusesAdministrative records: Health,
education statisticsCivil and vital registration
systems: birth, deaths, marriages, divorces…
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Data sources for MDG monitoring (2)
Different indicators require different type of data
Sometimes, multiple types of data could shed light on a single MDG indicator
Thus, the need for making a choice of data source
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Example 1: Mortality Data on mortality (infant, child and
maternal) can be obtained from:Vital registration systemsHousehold sample surveys
In most developing countries:Registration of births and deaths is
incompleteUnderestimation of mortality ratesHousehold sample surveys are the commonly-
used data source to estimate mortalitySince mortality is a relatively rare event: need
for large surveys to capture enough deaths to obtain reliable estimates of mortality
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Example 2: Education Many countries use administrative
data (data from school registers) to calculate primary or secondary enrollment rates
Enrollment rates based on administrative data overstate those based on HS:Administrative data report on the number of
children enrolled at the beginning of the school year
HS data typically report school attendance data (Does your child currently attend school?)
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Advantages of administrative data
sources Reduction of response burden as the NSO would have access to the data provided by the system
Provide data on small areas and targeted population groups
Coverage at relatively low cost as compared to other sources
Possibility to link with other data sources and to produce new type of data and statistics
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Use of Use of Administrative Administrative
Data Sources for Data Sources for MDG MonitoringMDG Monitoring
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Administrative data Data produced in countries on the basis
of some administrative processes Compiled in the course of routine
operations of government ministries and institutions
Units and variables defined according to :Administrative actsRulesRegulations
Definitions adopted in the administrative data may differ from the needs of the official statistics
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Vital and civil registration systems
Vital and civil registration systems (VCRS): Record the occurrence and
characteristics of vital events: birth, death and causes of death, marriage, etc.
Based on laws, regulations and other legal requirements
If complete, VCRS are source of reliable continuous flow of vital statistics
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Vital and civil registration systems (2)
VCRS provide accurate measures of vital events and population change over the time
VCRS have to be complete and accurate to provide accurate and reliable data as alternative to censuses and surveys
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Vital and civil registration systems in Africa (3)
In most African countries VCRS are under developed
Problems hampering their development include:InfrastructureOrganization and management
of the registration processCapacity constraintsLegal framework
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Example 1: Deaths coverage*
Deaths coverage in SSA is much below average
Concentration of the system in urban areas explains partially this low coverage
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Country Year Estimated coverage
(%)
Seychelles 1998
99
Mauritius 2000
90
South Africa
1996
67
Kenya 2001
60
Zimbabwe 1995
40
Ghana 2001
25
Botswana 1998
25
Zambia 2000
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Mozambique
2000
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*Report on the WHO workshop on Minimum data Set on Ageing in Sub Saharan Africa, 2003
Rates computed using WHO life tables estimates for deaths at national level as denominators
Example 2: Births registration*
Birth registration coverage is below 50% in many countries
Some exceptions: birth registration coverage of over 90% (Mauritius, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia…)
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Country Level of registration (%)
Algeria 90 +
Egypt 90 +
Libya 90 +
Mauritius 90 +
Gabon 70-89
Burundi 50-69
Gambia 50-69
Botswana 30-49
Cameroon 30-49
Chad 30-49
Ghana 30-49
Kenya 30-49 *UNICEF, Deficient Birth Registration Systems in Developing Countries, Population Development Review, Vol. 24, No 3, 1998
Some good practices: South Africa
Launch of a joint vital registration infrastructure initiative
Collaboration: Department of HealthDepartment of Home AffairsStatsSA
Significantly improved coverage of all births and deaths
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Some good practices: Mauritius
One of the well developed civil and vital registration systems in Africa
Civil Status Division: collection of vital statistics and transmission to the NSO
Entirely computerized system with a civil status database
Complete coverage of vital events
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Some good practices: Other countries
Some countries with high coverage and completeness of birth and death registration: Tunisia and Egypt
Countries developing their civil and vital registration systems: SudanEthiopiaBotswana
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Challenges of using administrative data
sources Availability of data limited only to
variables covered by registers Some restrictions on definitions of
units and variables Vulnerability to changes in legislation
and administrative practices Data are usually compiled by people
who lack skills in handling data Provide information on the sections of
the population accessing some facilities and not on those without access
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Challenges of using administrative data
sources (2) Numbers may be inflated in some
areas Primary purpose is NOT data
collection Data are collected by different
authorities using their own definitions, classifications, methodologies and time frames
Institutional constraints: inadequate support in terms of funds, equipment, personnel and skills
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Opportunities offered by the use of administrative
data sources Opportunities include:
Improvement in Management Information Systems (MIS) adopted by many sectors especially health and education
Advances in ICT that enable data capture, processing, archiving, transfer…
Enhanced collaboration between line ministries and the NSO
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Administrative data Enable the possibility to reduce the
burden on respondent Provide better and more detailed
picture of the society Require a good knowledge of their
content for proper use for statistical purposes
Some pre requisites for further development of register-based statistics include:Strong legal basesClear and effective confidentiality rulesAwareness of every employeePublic trust
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The Need for Sub The Need for Sub National Data for National Data for MDG MonitoringMDG Monitoring
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MDGs monitoring: at which level?
Reporting and monitoring MDGs at the national level is a good start
The Millennium Declaration is about improving the conditions of people in member states
There is a need to monitor MDGs at the sub-national level
But this is feasible only if data at lower levels are readily available
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Advantages Data at lower levels of
disaggregation:Allow for targeted socioeconomic
policy decision-making and programme formulation
Allow planners and policy makers to be able to identify:
That some locales require more support for educational programmes
Others require disproportionate investment in HIV treatment or malaria abatement
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The MDG Mapper A tool developed by the UNECA for
dynamic mapping of comparative progress by African countries towards achieving the MDGs
Uses the official UNSD database Tool presents countries that have:
Required trend to meet the goalsCurrent trendProgress at current rates: on/off target ?
Assessment made at national level and sub national where data exists
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The Mapper at the national level
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A Map will be inserted here!
Net enrolment rates in primary education, both sexes
The Mapper at the sub national level
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A Map will be inserted here!
http://geoinfo.uneca.org/mdg/
National vs Sub National Storylines
30Source: Ghana Statistical Services, 2007. Poverty line: 2,884.7 new cedis per year