Workshop on Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation Washington DC, September 2010 SDV Social Development Department Addressing the Social.

Workshop on Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation Washington DC, September 2010

SDVSocial Development Department

Addressing the Social Dimensions of Climate Change

and Climate Risk Management

Margaret ArnoldSenior Social Development SpecialistSocial Dimensions of Climate Change, SDV

September 21, 2010

Workshop on Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation Washington DC, September 2010

SDVSocial Development Department

What are the social dimensions of climate change?

Overview of SDCC program – mitigation and adaptation pillars

What does CC mean for DRM and Social Development?

What does SD and DRM bring to CC? What are the entry points?

Approaches and tools to integrate a social development approach to climate risk management related projects

Examples from recent and ongoing work

The lower the GDP, the more people killed

by natural disasters

*Annual aggregate national CO2 emissions 2000Source: SASI Group (University of Sheffield) and Mark Newman (University of Michigan), 2006, cited in Global Humanitarian Forum (2009), The Anatomy of a Silent Crsis

World map reflecting carbon emissions

Highest vulnerability towards climate change vs. largest CO2 emissions (from fossil fuel combustion and cement production, and including land use change, kg C per person and year from 1950 - 2003)

Largest per capita CO2 emitters

Highest social and / or agro-economic vulnerability

Largest per capita CO2 emitters, and highest social and / or agro-economic vulnerability

Areas with highest ecological vulnerability

Emissions and vulnerability to climate change

(adapted from SEG 2007)

SDCC Practice Group:Focus on equity dimensions of CC within developing countries

Resilience and pro-poor adaptation to climate change• understanding how climate- and non climate-related drivers of vulnerability

interact with one another;• identifying appropriate operational and policy entry points for building

societal resilience and pro-poor adaptation to natural disasters, climate variability and change;

Social risks and opportunities in climate change action• both adaptation and mitigation can entail significant distributional, poverty

and social impacts • maximizing the potential ‘development dividend’ from low-carbon growth

strategies for poor and vulnerable groups, including the livelihood co-benefits of terrestrial (soil and forest) carbon schemes

• minimizing the risks of elite capture and social exclusion in such forms of climate action.

GOALS

1. Enhance understanding of vulnerability and resilience in order to improve the quality of advisory services and technicalassistance

2. Explore how equity and good governance contribute to improved development effectiveness in the context of climate change

3. Provide information on tools and methods that enhance our capacity to achieve development effectiveness and avoid negative social impacts

www.worldbank.org/sdcc

SDCC online learning module

3 inter-disciplinary areas of study and practice related to poverty reduction

DisasterRisk

Management(DRM)

Climate Change Adaptation

(CCA)

Social Development

A new context for development

• Ever evolving, scientific information at global level on risk scenarios – ability to drill down effectively not there yet

• Complex social responses to these impacts and issues of social justice - (substantive equity)

• Critical need to increase voice, capacity and engagement of vulnerable groups in setting development and CC priorities at national and sub-national level (procedural equity)

• High visibility agenda and political will to focus on risk in development

• Opportunity/challenge to work across sectors and layers

• $$$?

What do DRM and SD bring to CCA?

• Tangibility

• Practical solutions

• Lessons from decades of good and bad practice

• Social accountability , social learning approaches and participatory methods

• DRM as an important point of entry for dialogue and action

Existing SD frameworks and tools bring added value

•Sustainable Livelihoods Framework•Assets and Capabilities Framework•Social Risk Management Framework

Approach/Tool Description Key resourcesSocial Analysis of Investment Lending

Examines the social opportunities, constraints and likely impacts of Bank-supported operations

Social Analysis Sourcebook, (World Bank), 2002

Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA)

Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) is a tool used to analyze the distributional impact of policy reforms on the well-being or welfare of different stakeholder groups, with particular focus on the poor and vulnerable.

A User’s Guide to Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (The World Bank), 2003Analyzing the Distributional Impact of Reforms (The World Bank), 2005

Country Social Analysis Macro-level analytical approach, developed to improve understanding of a country’s political and social context.

“Understanding Socio-economic and Political Factors to Impact Policy Change” (World Bank), 2006

Country Gender Assessment

Improve understanding of the role gender issues play in a country’s development context in order to improve opportunities for women.

A Conceptual Framework for Gender Analysis and Planning (International Labour Organisation), 1998Gender Assessment (World Bank), 2006

Stakeholder Analysis Determine the interests and influence of different groups in relation to a reform.

Social Analysis Sourcebook, (World Bank), 2002

Tools and approaches for operationalizing climate risk management and adaptation

From forthcoming SDCC Operational Toolkit

Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation

Engaging stakeholders at various levels in M&E of a project, program or policy. They share control over the process and results of the M&E and engage in identifying corrective actions.

Sleeping on our own mats: An Introductory guide to Community-based Monitoring and Evaluation (World Bank), 2002

Community-based Risk Screening Tool-Adaptation and Livelihoods (CRiSTAL)

Provides an understanding of the links between people’s livelihoods, climate-related risks, and project activities.

ProVention Consortium Guidance Noteswww.proventionconsortium.org

Participatory Poverty Assessments

Includes poor people's views in the analysis of poverty and the formulation of strategies to reduce it through public policy.

Participatory Poverty Assessment - A Rough Guide to PPAs (Overseas Development Institute), 2001

Participatory Scenario Development for Climate Change

Including communities’ views in the analysis of climate vulnerability and the formulation of mitigation/adaptation strategies to reduce it.

Economics of Adaptation to Climate change - Social Dimensions ( SDV) 2009.

Institutional Analysis Understanding of political economy and governance issues through analysis of institutions involved in design and implementation of reforms and potential constraints that these dynamics generate.

A User’s Guide to Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (The World Bank), 2003; Interest Groups and Organizations as Stakeholders, SD Paper 35 (World Bank), 2001

Resettlement for disaster risk reduction

Toolkit and case studies from Latin America Social Development, forthcoming.

Building Resilient Communities

CDD toolkit for integrating DRM into CDD and social fund operations.

http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSF/Resources/Building_Resilient_Communities_Complete.pdf

Community Risk Assessment Toolkit

Searchable database of 50+ methods and approaches for community based vulnerability and risk assessment

www.proventionconsortium.org

Tools and approaches, cont.

Example 1: Early warning in Bangladesh

• Investment in cyclone shelters that were not being used

• Women responded more to early warnings issued by women

• Adjustments to physical space could make them safer and more comfortable for women

• Promotion of women as disaster risk management champions

Example 2:Andra Pradesh Drought Adaptation Initiative

(APDAI)• Bank study on adaptation in AP recommended

a strategy with focus on local level• Pilot targeted the two districts with lowest

income • Dual focus on improved water management

and livelihood diversification• Focus on participatory approach in all stages• Of 19 pilots, more than half are being upscaled

Example 3:Mexico Sustainable Territorial Development DPL

• Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) – analyzing the distributional impacts of climate related disasters and how social assistance programs help the poor manage risk

• DRM component– Risk identification– Risk reduction– Risk financing

www.worldbank.org/sdcc

For more: www.worldbank.org/sdcc