15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 1 Accelerated Weathering & Dutch developments Pol Knops KU Leuven \ Innova1on Concepts
Workshop enhanced weathering
Jan 13, 2015
Presentation as held in Hamburg at the Workshop Enhanced Weathering in January 2014.
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 1
Accelerated)Weathering)
&)
Dutch)developments!
Pol!Knops!KU!Leuven!\!Innova1on!Concepts) )
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 2
Background)myself!• Pol!Knops!• 50!years!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1963:!317)ppm!
• Applied!Physics!(MSc.!Twente)!
• Worked!@!Environmental!projects,!!!! ! ! ! renewable!energy!
• Since!4!years!involved!in!Mineraliza1on!– Own!process!(Gravity!Pressure!Vessel)!– “Enhancing!mineraliza1on”!+!Valuable!endZproducts!
• Since!1!year!PhDZstudent!@!KU!Leuven!
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 3
Presenta?on)• Mineraliza1on!
– Introduc1on!– Accelerated!
• Our!process!– System!
– Some!results!
• Other!Dutch:!– Research!– Developments!
• Recommenda?ons)
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 4
Fast)growing)research)
1 1 3 1 4 4 6 8 8 17 24 59 75 89
119 142 164 192
278
400 448
577
855
0!
100!
200!
300!
400!
500!
600!
700!
800!
900!
1000!
1990! 1995! 2000! 2005! 2010!
Google Scholar: "Mineral carbonation CO2 sequestration"
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 5
Op?ons)
3)routes:)! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! condi?ons) ) focus))Ambient/Enhanced!! ! ! ambient! ! ! CO2!
Process!intensifica1on! ! HPHT! ! ! ! End!Products!
Product!replacement! ! ! various! ! ! Replacement!
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 6
Routes)
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 7
Chemical)reac?on)Olivine: Mg2SiO4 + 4CO2 + 4H2O => 4HCO3
- +2Mg2+ + Si(OH)4 [∆H = -239.2 kJ/mol]
Other minerals comparable (although slower)!
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 8
Exothermic)reac?on)Coal!
Gaseous!CO2!
Solid!Carbonate!
ΔH!=!11,1!MJ/kg!CO2!80%)
ΔH!=!2,7!MJ/kg!CO2!20%)
“The ground energy state of carbon is a mineral carbonate”
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 9
Academic)groups)• ExLsitu)only:)
– Columbia!University!New!York,!USA!
– Turku,!Finland!– Ku!Leuven,!Belgium!
– ETH,!Switzerland!– Herioj!Waj,!Edinburgh,!UK!
– Cambridge,!UK!
– University!of!Newcastle,!Australia!– University!of!Rome,!Italy!
– University!of!Tallin,!Estonia!– University!of!Toulouse,!France!
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 10
Company) Enhanced/Accelerated)
“Maturity”) Field)of)opera?on)
Cambridge!Carbon!Capture!! ACC! ++! Products,!sec.!CO2!
Calera! ACC! ++! Products!
Calix!/!Novacem! ACC! +! Products!
Carbon8! ENH! +++!(plant)) Waste!improvement!
Carbon!Engineering!! ACC! +! CO2!reuse!
CO2!Solu1ons! ACC! ++! CO2!reuse!
CO2!Transforma1on!! ACC! ?! Products!
Global!Thermostate!! ACC! +! CO2!reuse!
Greenmag! ACC! +++)(pilot)plant)) Products!
greenSand!/!Smart!Stones! ENH! 0! CO2!
Innova1on!Concepts!! ACC! +!(batch!lab)! Products!
ICS! ACC! 0! Products!
Kilimanjaro!Energy!! ACC! +! CO2!reuse!
Skyonic! ACC! ++!(pilot)plant)) Products!
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 11
Process)intensifica?on)
• Chemical!process!
• High!Pressure,!High!temperature:!
• Enhanced!reac1on!rate:!185°C,!!40Z100!bar!P!CO2,!!1!hour!residence!1me!
• Exothermic!behavior!known,!but!not!used!
6!March!2012!! 11!Confiden1al!Informa1on!!Innova1on!
Concepts!
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 12
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 13
Well)head)
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 14
Batch)autoclave)
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 15
1EZ5!Achieved!dissolu1on!
rate!
1EZ4! Required!dissolu1on!rate!
Conversion)
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 16
Olivine)par?cle)
Sample:!U1:!Milled!GL30!Olivine!
Par1cle:!!Z Milled!Z Chipped!Z Irregular!surface!structure!
1/19/14! 16!
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 17
Reac?on)1)
Sample:!U10:!Reacted!Olivine!1/19/14! 17!
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 18
Reac?on)2)
Sample:!U10:!Reacted!Olivine!1/19/14! 18!
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 19
Reac?on)products)
Sample:!U3)1/19/14! 19!
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 20
Reac?on)products)
Sample:!U3:)
SiO2!
MgCO3!
1/19/14! 20!
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 21
-1%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
10%
0 1 10 100 1000
Dis
tribu
tion
Diameter (um) (logaritmic)
Run 30 Particle Size Distribution GL30
Run 30 Hoogte 1
Run 30 Hoogte 2
Run 30 Hoogte 3
Run 30 Hoogte 4
Par?cle)Size)Distribu?on)
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 22
Silica)forma?on)• Literature:!Passiva1ng!silica!boundary!layer!
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 23
Research)Leuven)
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 24
Dutch)research)• UU:! ! ! ! Prof.!Schuiling,!prof.!Spiers
• NIOZ:!! ! ! Francesc!Montserrat! ! (Marine) • TU!Delq:!! ! Shiva!Salek!! ! ! ! ! (Biogas) • WUR:!! ! ! Hein!ten!Berge,!Rene!Rietra!! !(Agri) • WUR:! ! ! Ralph!Lindeboom! ! ! !(Biogas) • Deltares:! ! iov!RWS,!greenSand! ! (Civil!…) • Movares:! ! Schouwpad! ! ! ! ! (Civil)! ! ! ! ! ! !
• Rijkswaterstaat!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! (Civil)!!• Leuven!! ! Pol!Knops! ! ! ! ! ! (Products)
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 25
Ambient)weathering)
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 26
Virgin)Earth)Challenge)
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 27
Z Ambient!weathering!! Speed!geological!1mescale!Z Enhanced!weathering!! milling!!! organic!acids,!lichens,!fungi,!!! erosion!sensi1ve!places!
Enhanced)weathering)
Coastal!areas!
Lichens!secrete!oxalic!acid! Constant!abrasion! Lugworm!eats!top!layer!Mycorrhizal!fungi!secrete!a!range!of!organic!acids!
Soil! Beach!Rocks!
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 28
Product)replacement)• Olivine:!
– As!pebbles,!sand,!etc.!!– Fer1lizer:!! counterac1ng!acidifica1ons!!! Magnesium!release,!!! CO2!binding!
• Life1me!product!!>=!weathering!rate!
• Nickel!!
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 29
Agricultural)Products
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 30
Various)products
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 31
Civil)products
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 32
Recap)• Research!fast!increasing!• Most!towards:!Z!High!Temperature/High!pressure!
• Quite!some!“Dutch”!developments!
• Three!“fields”:!– Process!intensifica1on!– Product!replacement!
– Enhanced!weathering!• Not!“only”!CO2!sequestra1on!!
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 33
“Dead)zone”)
Academia)
Companies!
Government)Research Funding
No sound proof CO2 No interest companies
No business model No proof of CO2
15&16/1/2014 Enhanced Weathering Workshop Pol Knops/ Innovation Concept 34
Recommanda?on)Olivine: Mg2SiO4 + 4CO2 + 4H2O => 4HCO3
- +2Mg2+ + Si(OH)4 [∆H = -239.2 kJ/mol]
Not only CO2 More “uses” By effects (including negative)
Related Documents
