Workpackage 3 New security algorithm design ICS-FORTH Heraklion, 3 rd June 2009.

WISDOMWISDOMWorkpackage 3

New security algorithm design

ICS-FORTH

Heraklion, 3rd June 2009

WISDOMWISDOMWISDOM WP3: New security

algorithm designObjectives• Identify critical security application components which

can be efficiently implemented in the optical domain• Characterise constraints to algorithmic components and

develop novel techniques for simplified pattern matching• Design a Security Application Programming Interface

(SAPI) which will be the interface between high-level security applications and low-level optical implementation

Tasks – Deliverables• WP3.1: Security Applications Partitioning (M12)• WP3.2: Identification of Simplified Security Algorithm

Components (M24)• WP3.3: Definition of a Security Application Programming

Interface: SAPI (M30)

WISDOMWISDOMWP3.1 Security Applications

Partitioning

Identify efficient operations inoptical domain by considering• basic firewall functionality

prevents communication for specific servers and services

• basic IDS/IPS functionality signature, anomaly based detection

• packet structure and decodingheader (fixed length) payload (variable length)

• optical hardwareoptical data format, optical bit filtering,optical pattern matching,

buffer (delays)

16-bit total length

16-bit header checksum

32-bit source IP address

32-bit destination IP address

TOS4 IHL

16-bit identification

TTL protocol

flags 13-bit fragment offset

options (if any)

16-bit source port 16-bit destination port

32-bit sequence number

32-bit acknowledgment number

Offset Reserved Flags 16-bit window

16-bit checksum urgent pointer

Options (if any)

Application data

WISDOMWISDOMWP3.1 Security Applications

Partitioning

Critical security operations in the optical domain Basic firewall functionality, inspect packet headers

Less than 10% of rules, more than 90% of alerts

Look at specific packet header field• Block or filter traffic for specific protocols, ports, etc

Optical filtering, optical pattern matching, optical routing• Block or filter traffic for specific IP addresses

Optical possible but not efficient

Combined inspections of several header fields• Specific IP protocols and ports• From specific IP addresses to specific ports

Optical possible but combination of optical and electronic more efficient

WISDOMWISDOMWP3.1 Security Applications

Partitioning

Firewall rule example Inspection• Deny all incoming traffic with IP matching internal IP source IP address• Deny incoming from black-listed IP addresses source IP address• Deny all incoming ICMP traffic IP protocol• Deny incoming TCP/UDP 135/445 (RPC, Windows Sharing) destination port• Deny incoming/outgoing TCP 6666/6667 (IRC) destination port

• Allow incoming TCP 80, 443 (http, https) destination port

to internal web server (destination IP address)• Deny incoming TCP 25 to SMTP server destination port

from external IP addresses (destination)/source IP address

• Allow UDP 53 to internal destination portDNS server (destination IP address)

typical port assignments for some other services/applicationsftp TCP 21, ssh TCP 22, telnet TCP 23, POP3 TCP 110, IMAP 143

WISDOMWISDOM

WP3.2 Identification of Simplified Security Algorithms

Components

• Optical pre-processing for more ‘traditional’ IDS– Restrictions in optical domain (buffering, level of integration, etc)– Scalability of security pattern matching algorithms, optimum

balance between optical and electronic processing (WP6)– Develop algorithms that will allow optical bit-serial processing

subsystems to operate as a pre-processor to more complex pattern recognition techniques in the electronic domain.

D3.2 Identification of Simplified Security Algorithms

Components

WISDOMWISDOM

WP3.2 Identification of Simplified Security Algorithms

Components

• Identify feasible and efficient all-optical operations– Inspection of specific fields in packet headers (protocol number,

port number, etc)– Pattern matching– Routing

• Keep all options for conventional (electronic) IDS– Design high speed optical pre-processing that makes electronic

processing more efficient

• Demonstration of key security functions – Example applications with efficient and reliable operation of a

hybrid system consisting of both all-optical and electronic components

WISDOMWISDOM

WP3.2 Identification of Simplified Security Algorithms

Components

Combine optical and electronic signature-based detection

• Optical traffic splitters– optical header processing– split high speed network traffic – group packets, e.g., according to port number

• Multiple “specialized” (electronic) processors– less packets to inspect per processor– more efficient payload inspection by performing same operations

to same type of packets

WISDOMWISDOM

WP3.2 Identification of Simplified Security Algorithms

Components

Approach for Hybrid Optical – Electrical Platform

• All-optical inspection of packet headers only

• A few well chosen useful rules optically implemented – Restrictions in memory and level of integration imply small

number of selected rules can be implemented in optical domain– Reconfigurable optical systems– Analysis and statistics of network security threats

• Seamless coupling of optics with electronics– Electronic processing enhanced by optical preprocessing – Security applications (including payload inspection) in electronic

domain with more conventional NIDS tools– Take advantage of “conventional” NIDS/NIPS methods

continuously developed

WISDOMWISDOM

WP3.2 Identification of Simplified Security Algorithms

Components

Use network traffic monitoring and classification appmon

WISDOMWISDOM

WP3.2 Identification of Simplified Security Algorithms

ComponentsSelect rules using statistics on suspect packets

NoAH honeypots statisticsProtocolsPorts

WISDOMWISDOM

WP3.2 Identification of Simplified Security Algorithms

Components

WISDOMWISDOM

WP3.2 Identification of Simplified Security Algorithms

Components

• Network traffic monitoring– Deployment of network of sensors for

global view

• Protocols– ICMP often used in attacks – TCP most popular, UDP also heavily used

• Ports HEAnet

– Some high level applications use TCP/IP with pre-assigned port numbers

– Others use dynamically assigned port numbers, different for different connections

– Some attacks work on specific ports

WISDOMWISDOM

WP3.2 Identification of Simplified Security Algorithms

Components

Benefits from optical splitting for electronic processing

Similar approaches already proved successful in intensive

NIDS applications • Early filtering and forwarding• Packets of the same type are grouped by the splitter and forwarded

to specialized electronic processors• Performance benefits (50-90/%) with the use of digital network

processors• Clustering of packets with same destination port number improves

performance of conventional IDS

40% increase in packet processing throughput

60% improvement in packet loss rate

WISDOMWISDOM

WP3.2 Identification of Simplified Security Algorithms

Components

Available hybrid integrated optical circuits:

• XOR, AND logic gates• buffer memory (limited)• routing switch• Bit pattern matching circuit• Target pattern generator• Pseudo random bit sequence generator• Header sampler (proposal)• CRC (proposal)

WISDOMWISDOM

WP3.2 Identification of Simplified Security Algorithms

Components

Input: flux of packets, consisting of RZ pulses TOutput: packets dropped or allowed to proceed

Box: Header sampler

Bit pattern matching

Routing switch

Buffer memory

Preamble TCP Port # Payload Guard bandHeader Header

Preamble TCP Port # Payload Guard bandHeader HeaderPreamble TCP Port # Payload Guard bandHeader Header

MZI1Preamble TCP Port # Payload Guard bandHeader Header CRC

WISDOMWISDOM

WP3.2 Identification of Simplified Security Algorithms

Components

Same components, simple pipelined configuration8 bit pattern matching at left boxes16 bit pattern matching at right boxes

Possible packet collisions, bottleneck

WISDOMWISDOM

WP3.2 Identification of Simplified Security Algorithms

Components

“router”:round-robin, CRC

WISDOMWISDOM

WP3.2 Identification of Simplified Security Algorithms

Components

Simulator of optical device operation

Basic building blocks are logic gatesUseful for circuit design, testing efficiency of proposed configurations, analysis of more complex algorithms, hybrid optical-electronic detection, load balancing, parallel/distributed configurations, anomaly-based detection, etc.

WISDOMWISDOM

WP 3.3 Definition of a Security Application Programming

Interface (SAPI)

• Software platform – “mini” operating system bridges the gap between optical execution of key components and programming of security applications

• High-level programming, abstract all low-level detailsoperates independent of system modifications, allows for integrationof additional software and hardware components of increasing complexity

• Hardware – software interfacefast optical processing, reconfigurable at much slower ratesuser interventions rare, at conventional speed of electronics

• Front-end for SAPI and WSIMHardware and simulator run under same environment

D3.3 Definition of SAPI (M30)

WISDOMWISDOM

WP 3.3 Definition of a Security Application Programming

Interface (SAPI)• Device configuration

hardware control• Set security application rules

predefined filters custom filters• System monitoring

visualization of security operations outcome• Easy to use GUI at front-end

user friendly control panelsame for actual operation and simulation

• Testbed and more complex systems designed to support any hybrid optical-electronic architecture

WISDOMWISDOMWP3: SAPI

Interface with hardware and simulator (details coming up)

WISDOMWISDOMWP3: SAPI

WSIM tool

WISDOMWISDOMWP3: SAPI

WSIM tool …more to follow…

WISDOMWISDOMWP3: New security algorithm

design• Basic Firewall functionality in the optical domain (D3.1)

– Feasible, useful, and efficient packet header fields inspection • Optical pre-processing for electronic NIDS/NIPS (D3.2)

– Actual security threats taken into account through network monitoring and attack statistics

– All-optical header inspection and packet classification combined with electronic processing of payload

– Proposal for hybrid systems with optimum balance between optical and electrical processing: optical enhances electrical, benefits from conventional electronic

NIDS/NIPS preserved• SAPI (D3.3)

– High-level programming of security applications running over optical and electronic hardware

• Functional optical device simulator– Complex algorithm design– Development that may be of more general interest

WISDOMWISDOMWP3 concluded: What next?

• Prepare SAPI for (upcoming) demonstrator/hardware• Quantify benefits from optical pre-processing

Extensive processing of actual traces with simulatorTest different scenarios, DoS attacks, etcConstant improvement of simulation tools

• Include physical models of optical devices in simulationsPerhaps not essential to this project, but overall very important…

• Details on high performance commercial NIDS Endace, Crossbeam, etc., simple parallelization, dumb load balancers, or more? Convince about advantages of all-optical pre-processing

• Future‘Green’ aspects of project (e.g., low power consumption)Think again about payload inspection (partially in optical domain)

What is feasible in terms of optical components and devices?