WORK~;G ~~RN'S

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~f:,-:~\WORK~;G ~~RN'S COLLEGE.

TECH:N'IOAL :-'-r

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. ,~. FROM THE'

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QOMMITTEE OF THE TEOHNIOAL. OOL:;LEGE,'

AT THE .'

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. SYDNEY MECHANICS' SCHOOL OF ARTS,. .. ~~.

TO THE ,~. '. ,

,·f ~.~ ::~" . i! :,. .-' •. ~ HONORABLE THE MINISTER OF PUB:YIC' INSTRUCTION f· .:~

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p. ' .,.. , .NEW:,fo. SO,UTE. ""WALES_.

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SYD,NEY: Printe2tby'Sa~uel Edwa:~~:.Lees, 184

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,'1881. "'!..:

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OFFICERS OF:TaE INSTITUTION ~ .

. '.> F6~ THE 'YEAR 1881.

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-.., ;;5~:' .;;fj~i·s..· Patron. .' "~<;-~ -i:'~!:' . .:' .', ~:',~,:

THE RIGHT HQNOURABLE LORD AUGUSTUS LOl"TUS, G.C.B., GOVERNOR-IN-CHIEF, &c. ..;:~ .. )' ....

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President. :T ..

HON. JOHN SUTHERLAND, M.P. .~.:

. Vice-PresiClents. ,i·. GOODLET, J. H. I MACINTOSH, JOHN

. KETHEL, ALEXANDER SELFE, NORMA!'( M.I.C.E .. "

Treasttrer. THOMAS, F. J.

Commz"ttee., D~LGARNO, JAMES

DOWLING, EDWARD

ORAM, EDWARD

POTTlE, JOHN , .

DOWLING, NEVILLE I REID.!..,~ILLIAM

ELPHINSTONE, A. L., JUN. !, RENW.ICK, W. C.

, JONES, E. A. ' . . . . r- ,!'EECE, RICHARD

MARTIN, W. F., M.P. I WHITE, REv. IJR.

A ztdz'tors.· ~

A~DREWS, JOHN I BROWN, W. F. . '" O'CONNOR, PATRICK.

Secretary and Llbrarz"an. ,ROGERS, JOHN -

A sst'stant Secretary and Ltorarz'an. .. -2~' ,.:. ' ~'::~ PODMQRE, H. A. . >.",!'~'

. Yuit:ipr Assistants. . ,;./" .. ROGinis, .. w. J. ' I PASSMORE,. FRANK.''<i~'':··;:i·<· " ..

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The President oj th( 8ydney lit6hanics' Bahoof oj Arts to the Under 8eoretary ... tt:: oj Publio Instruotion.

Sydney Mechanics' Scho~l of Arts, . 9th August, 1881.

Sir,-

In. compliance with the request contained in your letter of 8th May last, I d6' myself the honour tir submit,.' for the col?sideration and approval of the Honorable the Minister ·of Public' Instruction, a R.eport fro~ the Committee of the Technical or Working Men's College upon', t4e. .past, present, and prOPoS!ld future operations of that institution.,,, . . . .'}~"*!,

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." '. .... .As the Sydney Mechauics' School of Arts·' iit ;6w in existence nearly half a centnry, its Committee consider it also desirable to furnish the Minister with an historical account of its growj;h, from the "driginal foundation up to the present time; and respectfully'to ofl'er suggestions for the conlrlderntion

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.'.~~,: '., of Sir John Robertson for still.further in creasing its educational usefulness, as weII' as that of the other·. <'Mechanics~ Institutes of· the Colony. ~. li,' ... .. ':. ;::.' The di:af't of this Report was prepared by' Mr. Edwnrd Dowling (the original proposer of

'';<:'. the'T~nical College, Chairm~;:)f its committee, and a H!>norary Secretary to the late Technological Conference), lIrr. Norman Selfe, C.E., M.l C.E. (Vice-President of the School of Arts), :\Dd Mr. Alexander Kethel, J.P.·' (also a Vice-President of toat institution). For the purposes of this Report, and in addition to his many valuable services, Mr .. Dowling recently "isited Victoria, ancl.procured much information

, respecting the working of the Schools of Mines, Schools of Design, nnd other Technical institutio,~s ~. ':::;::.::.i" that Colony, which could not be' obtained from any published document or satisfactorily in any other way.

']\fr. Selfe has given manr ¥'POrto.nt suggestions from his Inrge praclical experience as to the kind of teach-.. ing required by artisnns,and incurred considerable trouble and expense in preparing for the ReportvD.rious~ plnns which are appended, showing the buildings and applinnces of the Sydney School of Arts at difl'erent periods of its .)1istory, and tli~. increased accommodation '!'n~"" needed for the Technical College.,. 1Ifr., '" Kethel has prepa~ D. tabulated stntemetit giving the statistics of the School of Arts in its s·ev'fl'Ill.·· , departments from 1833 tol881, and sho~g the small amount of the Government grant du~ that 0,""; period in .comparison with the sums obtnined from the subscriptions of its members. Mr. F. J. Thomas, ..... ' ' .

. tho Tieasur,er of the Schoo~ of Arts,. has furnished a balance sheet, a statement respecting' the . fees :',:0' _ . charged for the Classes, andiim estimate of the probable expenditure on nccount of the Technical Colleg&' ",~!." ",':'

for the present year, and for 1882. " :: ."., ;:'.: >..' .... ,' As this Report has also received thE! careful rev.ision-and approva1 of the General Co=itj;elf:,~i: : .. '

of the Sydney School of Arts, it also contains the results of the ~xperience of representative me~ 'frO~' .. many Colonial industries, who have spent much time for several years past in conducting the pioneer . Techn.ological Institution of the,Colony. I, therefore, trust that the recommendations contained in the" . . Report win receive the favourable consideration of the Governm~nt, and i..ssist proper legislation. ~n thee ...

-Plost i~portant questioI:l of Technical Education for the working classes of New South WaJe.q. . • '.~'" ....

",

I h~ve the honour to be;

Sir,

Yotlr most obecl.ient Ser\'ant, '~-. .. , -:".

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'!.-::....:. ,." President of the Syelney Mechnnics' School of Arts:

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.:;;; WILLIAll: WILKINS, ESQ.,

;;". Undert,Secretary of Public InstructioJ!.

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. i"- 7iepbrt flom the qommittee of the Technical Gol/ege at the Sydney Mechanics' , I School of Arts, to the Honorable the Minister oj Public Instruction' oj

New South Wales; ~

,; /' v~'- I ,<;3:? < -r:HE': ~ydney ~ech~nics' Sth?ol of Arts f is the oldest and !arge~ ins.titution of tne' History of Seh

; Ii! km~ ,I~ ~l~~tral~s!a.. , !.~ Vias f9~~d~d:nearly:-~alf-a:-~entury-, ag(), ,by ~'band. 01>\"" 7 ~; '-I ' emigrant m'echamcs" deslr.0US: of contmumg by Its means the mutual mstructlOn \1'

, commehceil on'bo~rd,'the, :shiti'in' which'they arrived ill theCo!ony: ,His Excellency ;'1 " Sit' Ricliard Bourke'(GovernQr" of New South Wale'S); Major Sir ThomaS M~tc&ell

(Stii'veyof~Gener'aIJi~the',Rev; Henry Carmichal!l, M.A (of the. Australian, College)" Mr:'Rooen: ,Band (surgeon) its first honorary secretary, Mi'. Peter GardneI' (of the Bank, of Austialii)' its firsnrori6rary treciStirer, arid the Rev. Dr; Lang also assisted' gre',rtlyirl, itS inauguration', and' took much interest subsequently in' its educational wor~ Its' annually elected comiriittees included amongst their members sortie of' the leading men of the Colony; arid its list of Presidentsco'ntains the names of ' Sit'Thomas Mitclie1I;:,C6Ioriel Barney; Sir' Charles Nicholson; Mr. G; K. Holden, Dr. a! Beckett, Rev. Dr: W60lfey, Mr; N. ~!...~te!1)1ou~,e, }4r. ] usticeWindeyer, ,ari,d, the HbilorabHr-]6I1n Sutherland, M.P. /'FOr many years the'Sydney Mechanics" Institute hiis' alSo received the able assistance, as lecturers, teachers, and examiners, of gentlemen connected \vith the other educational institutions of the Colony, among whom may De speCially rtientiqned the late Professor Woolley, Principal of the Sydney

i';l Uni'vei'Sity, the Horl. Pi"<?fessor Smith, C.M.G., Mr;. William Wilkins, Under Secretary {t",.lof"p'~~~,ic InstrtidiCin, and Mr;' A. B. Weigall, B.A., Head, Master .of. the. Sydney

9 f t '9rammar Schoo~. The early years of the School of Arts were dlstmgUlshed by , the delivery of many popular lectures by representatives from' the learned classes in

the Colony. Much attention was also given to the collection of apparatus foi:< scientific experiments, and Dr. (n9w Sir. Charles) Nicholson ~sisted for several ':,_

: years as its honorary curator. This apparatus was so increased ,in quantity by donations and purchase that- in , I 842' some part of it was fotirid to be damaged, owing to the want of a larger museum in which to keep it The Sydney School of Arts has had alsd attending its classes'many persons nowoccilpying important positions in' the community, who owe much of their success in life to the instmction they-received in this institution; - '

" , The early Committees of manageme~t of ,the School. of, Arts were Past educatio. 'ever mindful of its special mission as a Mechanics~ School of Arts, and as far as means work;

would permit endeavoured to afford evening instruction to any artisans and apprentices: <i',

desirous of iinproving their minds. It will, therefore, be ,evident that through' its' , library, rea,.ding-room, lectures; and classes, this institution has for over forty-eight years

1 performed excellent serviCe, in diffusing literary:_ and scientific tastes in' the early stages of the, community. The first Industrial Exhibition held in New South Wales was conducted by the committee of the School of Arts at the openirig of its

',' ",'.' new hall in 1861, and the success ,attending that experiment prepared' th~ way fdf the' much larger Intercolonial and International Exhibitions since'held in the Colony. Pro­t; pbsals for the formation of an Economic Museum at the School of Arts were submitted'

~., to'its',committee by his Excellency Sir William Denison; then Governor of the Colony;: ~ and received the consideration of a sub-committee as fat back as the year 1855, of which

. ,~, the late, Mr. G. K. Holden was chairman; but it was considered that the Colony was' t,· not'then'ripe for such an institution, although apparatus was recoIllmended, to' be t ' obtained to form a nucleus for it. Prior to the opening of the Sydney International, '1, Exhiqitibn, it ,vas resolved by the committee to avail themselves of that opportunity-~:, to collect materials for the College museum, but as the Trustees of the Australian ~M:userini subsequen,tly conimenced to gather examples of the various processes used iri f the arts arid manufactures, in addition tO,specimens of natural history already in that l- ,', institution; it was resolved to confine the' operations of the College to its' more im-

'N ,- portanFfunction of impartirig ,industrial instmction by means of educational classes' ,t and popular lecture$. It is, however, recommended that the buildings' of- the country ;t ,Schools of Arts should ~e utilised for the formation of small local muse~msof examp1es'

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Buildings.

'Founding of • Technical College.

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of the natitrai'<prod~cts and industries of the surr;undirig districts, as such collections would be very valuable for illustrating popular lectu'res at these institu~ions, and give much information respecting the resources of the various localities. It would also be of great advantage to the Technical College if the loan of specimens to "illustrate free popular lectures at the metropolitan. Mechanics' Institute could be obtained from the

'Trustees of the Australian Museum. The School of Arts may also claim to be the first institution in the Colony to take action with regard to the question of technological instruction, ·as twelve years ago technical classes were formed as far as the accommo­dation of the institution would permit.' Very successful science classes were held since I869, and courses of lectures delivered on geology, mineralogy, chemistry, and physics by Messrs. Coutts, Rennie, Thompson, O'Brie.n, Pentecost, and other gentlemeQ;'

F or many months after its inauguration the members of the School of Arts held their meetings at rooms of the Surveyor General's Office, on ·Church Hill, kindly lent for that purpose by Sir Thomas Mitchell. Ninety-one members paid subscriptions for the first year-a number considered large at the time, but small in comparison with the members and students now on ~he roll of the institution. In 1835 the committee leased an allotment in Pitt-street· (the site of the present library) 34ft. frontage by 116ft. deep,. and in 1836 contracted for a building, which was finished the next year at a cost of about £675. ' These premises con­tained a theatre, lecture room, museum, and library. A view of the front of t~e original. School of Arts is attached, as ,well as that of- the premises at the present time. Shortly' after the completion of the first building additions had ,to' be made to it by the erection of two rooms. In 1839 His Excellency Sir George Gipps grantecl1he institution an allotm,ent of land at the corner of Hunter and Pitt sJ:reets, which inspired the members with such energy that competitive plans were invited for a new J?uilding, and a premium of.:;£ 50 was awarded to the successful competitor,' These plans provided for accommodation. of a very'~dvanced character for 'so early a period in t.he history of the Colony, but ¢e enthllsiasm of the f!1embers at the tim~ led to the handsome sum of £981 being obtained by subscriptions towards the building fund. It was found in 184J, that.owing to the Tank'Stream running through the land in Hunter-street, it would cost £3,000 to arch it over, so as to secure a proper foundation, and the ·idea of building on that spot had therefore to be abandoned. In 1843 the land leased by th'e School of Arts in Pitt-street was offered for public sale by the proprietor, and the Government therefore consented to grant a new site for the institution near' the Haymarket In 1845 the Pitt-street property until then held under lease was purchased f~r.',£'720. !" In 1846 the first .. class was started 'with a fair amount of success. In 1853 _the land near the Hayma!'ket not being considered' central was .. sold for _:£3.500, at"Jd in ~855' the Independent Chapel adjoining the institution in Pitt-street was purchased for £"3,300. Owing to the accommodation at this time being greatly increased •. additional educational classes

~ were establisLed. In 1856 the original theatre was conyer ted . into the readirlO'­room, and the adjoining chapel altered by suitable, openings, so as to form the lecture hall of the institution. In 1859 the plan of tH.~ front portion oCtile pre­sent building was submitted for the approval of the members, and the necess'ary con­tracts enter<;d into. In 1861 the altered premises, were opened by the Acting­Governor, His Excellency Lieut.-Col. Kempt, ~nd in the same year the chapel buildino­was enlarged and converted int, .. the present Hall. ' , I:>

, In 1873 the proposal by Mr. E-dw:'lrd Dowling for establishing a Tech-nical or Working Men's College was entertained, by the members of the School of Arts and 3 allotments at the rear of the premises, having a total measurement of 79ft. by 59ft.: leased for that purpose. From 1874 to 1877 the question of further clas~ accommoda­tion. was considered by the several committees, but no active steps taken in the matter until the previous mortgage of £5,000 had be'en redeemed and a sum of ovet:£r,soo stood to the credit ,<?f the institution. In 1877 the members authorized the expenditure of £.'),000 for alterations and additions to the institution, which amount was obtained from the Savings Bank at 534 percent. interest. In 1878 Parliament granted £2,000

. towards the inauguration of the Technical or Workil1g Men's College, and .several of the classes were commenced in the new buildings erected for the' purpose early in that year. The remainder of t11e School of Arts' premises \vere re-modelled and re­opened in May, 1879, An accompanying table shows the comparative areas of floor space in the School of Arts at different periods of its history and also its present dimensions. from which it will hp. sp.p.n that thp. hl1ilclinO's n(')w r.nvp.r npaTh. tpn tinip~ t),,,.

lllections and give i also be rate free­rom th,e ) be the IOIogicaI :commo­:ld since physics

'en. choolof 'ch HilI, !rs paid It small ;titution. present

milding, ;es con­front of ; at the lnS had George

,nd Pitt ns were ,ccessful haracter lembers towards running ) as to re to be offered grant a .roperty ISS was ket not )erident .ving to classes

'(:'ading-, 'rm the

he pre­ry con­Acting­)uilding

t Tech­)f Arts, ly 59ft., nmoda-

ground available in 1836, or 13,480 feet as against r,340 feet. Of the r3,480 feet, 4,532 feet belong to the College buildings proper. Appended are plans of the institution, showing the interior arrangements at different periods of its history, and the elevations of the original and present buildings. '

In tracing the gradual development of the School of Arts, it will be Endowm

seen that on several occasions in its history large sums of money have been expended School 01

in erecting additions to its buildin?,s, in order to meet the growing educational wants \ of the members. Prior to the last extension, on several occasions the Government subsidy towards building amounted to £r for every £1 collected, but for the late alterations only £2,000 was granted, although £8,000 had to be expended, principally to afford accommodation for the Technical College. Unlike .the country Mechanics' , \ InstitUtes, who have a Government grant of £r for every £2 collected in members' subscriptions and for building purposes, the metropolitan School of' Arts' only.

'~ obtains an ,annual subsidy o( £200, although its receipts last year from members' . subscciptions alone amounted to over £ r, 700.' More than half the Government endow­ment (viz, £r08) has of late years to be paid to the City Corporation for taxes levied

,'; on t,he premises of the institution. Appended is a statement of the sums annually Appendix

~ received by the Sydney S~h601 of Arts from subscriptions of ~embers, and its annual ;~;; endowment from Government since the foundation of the institution.' It will be seen ',< tharnotwithstanding the inauguration of late years by the Government and Municipal f; Councils of large free circulating and reference libraries, both in the city'arid suburbs, the t.< Sydney School of Arts has made rapid progress, although supported almost solely by:'" ~i ~ the subscriptions of .its members and receipts from the letting of the large hall for' :' -, concerts and other entertainments. ' About £1,000 has to be' annually expended in

, purchase of books and perioqicals for the library and reading-room, in order .to satisfy the intellectual wants of the membeis;, who numbered last year 2,r67;' '. The. valuable propertY belonging to the Sydney School of Arts, and the Incorporat

necessity for obtaining legislative power to manage its affairs, led in the 'year i874 'to its being incorporated by a special statute, providing for the election of its officers. and giving legal power to the committee to make, by-laws for better carrying out ,the

<" objects of the Institution. A copy of the "Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts Incor- ... . poration Act" is appended, and of the by-laws made thereunder. .

The central position that the School of Art occupieS' in Pitt-street, with Central po.

back entrance from George-street, and its excellent library of-nearly 20,000 volumes, Sydney.

large .. reading-room, excellent' "lecture-halls, chemical laboratory, art class rooms; mechanical. apparatus, and other appliances, render it a most suitable institution

,: Jor imparting technical knowledge in the city, and a convenient depot for diffusing 1'; 'instruction in Schoplsof Arts throughout the Colony.- It w..ould,·however, be impels-.", sibie for the Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts, with its limited monetary resources; ~i ,~ to undertake the sole financial responsibility of C~I)d.ucting a large institution like-~fhe· ..

.;:.",31" Technical College, and the imparting of science and art instruction at the -other·;';

Mechanics' Institutes in New, S~uth Wales, unless some 'guarantee is given, similar to that granted to the Sydney University, as to 'permanence of'tlte annual endowment.

The success attending the operation of the College is principally due to the College con

fac,t that its .committee have given for several years past a large amount of time to the. work of inaugurating and carrying it' on, meeting weekly and submitting 'for approval a monthly report to the general 'committees of the School of Arts. Prior .to commen-cing the College its committee placed themselves in communication with th~,liead~' of .

:', ~ similar institutions and other educational authorities in England and elsewhere, and, '.i t obtained a large amount of inforination of great service in.its inauguration., In ',. 1876 all the p'ublications procurable relating to industrial education were, ordered

matter i.i: \ £r,500 iti t nditure . ;:' btained ~, b,ooo ~. leralof ,ri: arly in' '',j;: IUd re- Y )f floor " !

through the agents of the College in Lond9n, in order to furnish the committee with information respecting the working of technical institutions in other countrieS. Mr. Thomas Twining. the' founder of the Twickenham Economic Museum in -England, a Vice-President of .the London Society of Arts, and author of II Technical Training," also gave valuable counsel respecting the curriculum of the College. The experience of the Liverpool College of Science proved the necessity of extensively advertising the programme of 'an. educational institution, especially its. popular science lectures and. sessional classes,and printing aild advertising are therefore among thelargest items of the

Present- r . :nes the '.'

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College' expenditure. To obtain a knowledge of the educational requirements of the artisans of the city, several)nterviews took place between the College Committe~. antI the Engineering Association, Trades and Labour Council, Builders an,.d

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CouncU of Advice.

Cw,S .Fee ••

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Contractor~' Association, and many man~facturers and other gentlemen interested in ~he furtherance of technical training in the Colony. A ,Honorary Council. of .Advice has been elected ~nder the CoIIege rul!!s" and consi!?ts of th,e foIIowing gentle­men :-The Members of the existing Ministry, the Mayor of SydQey, Mr. W.·M .. Alde~on,'J.P., Mr. James Barnet (ColoQial Architect)" Mr. Alexander Bruce (Chief In.spectorof $tock)"Mr. ,E.dw<).rd Compes, C.M.G., M.P., Mr. :g. p. C~ckneJl (Superintendent of Teleg~aphs), Mr. M,.L,evey, Professor Liversidge (Sydney Uni: .versity), Mr., Charles Moore (Di,i~ctor ofth,eBotanlc Gardens), Mr. J. S. Paterson, LL. D., Mr. John PlumI).Jer, ,Mr. ,Th.on;iasRicpards (Government J?rinter), Mr. E . . P. Ram~ay (Austral~'1-n.MuseuIl1), Hpn.' Professor Smith, C.M.C" rv,r. L. c., Mr. WiIIiamWiIkins (Under Secretary ()f PubH,c .I.nstructioI).), Mr. A. ~. ·Weigall, B.A .• (Head Master, Sydn~y c;.ra,mwar School), lWr. P. B. WaI#:~r (Assistant'~up'erin,t,~ndent of Telegraphs), and Mr. Justice Winqeyer. The CQIIege Committee hav:~ ?lso Reen indebted to the members of the teachex:s' ,co~ncil of adyice; who .have rendered '\Tfllua"Qle assistance to them in the work of the CoIIege, es~ecially Mr. Dixon, F.C.S .• lecturer in chemistry, and the late Mr. E. E. Waters (of Owens College, Man­chester), lecturer on English literature and ,history. -Appended are printed papers ~n Technical ,Education" prepared at the requ~f of the Committ~e by Mr. Dixon and Mr. John Plummer. Advantage was,' also taken of a rec!!~t visit to Victoria of Mr. E. Dowling, the Chairman of the College Committee for 9btaining ~nformation respecting the working of the many TecJmical II).stitutions in that Col()ny. : , On the rec,eipt of the Government endowment in 188p the fees for those uIi\lble to pay the' full amount were reduced one-haIf, but as a large I).um1?er of persons weg.~bleto py the full fee took advantage of this concessiqn, a,nd thereby entailed a great strain on the limited resources ,of tpe College, it was intimated in l'4a!ch of the present year th.at in future it ,would pe necessary that,;;t certificate be pro­puceq as t,o the inability of students, or their parents to pay t4,e full fee: The fees i

~harged to students atteI).Aipg the Technic,al Cpllege: classes are ,as follows, viz. :- .

Sl1DJECT TA1l0UT.

English Grammarand ,:Reading Writing, Arithmetic, and lY.lokeeping Elocution ••• .••. • .. Latin ... Greek ..• French •.. Italian ... German Matliematics Ap'pli~d Mll9h~ic8 and Steam Engine

Mechanical Drawing ••• . •.• Freehand Drawing (advanced class) ..• Fx:eehand,Drawing (elemen,tary class)

, Drawing (Ladies' Afternoon class) '" Drawing, (Ladies' Morning class) •.. Experimental Physics _' , Design ••• Architectural Drawing .. • •• .Architecture '!-lld Bt#1ding COlllltl:uc~ion-12 ~,tures _:~ .• , phonography . ••• " • •.. ". ..; . : .• Practical Geometry arid Perspective .•• Geodesyand,Survey •.• '" Na;~igation , ••. Practi~1 Chemistry-in La):)Oratory ••• Ohemistry-50 Lectures •.• : .. Telegraphy . .. Natural Philosophy-10 Lectures Materia Medica an,d P~rmacy Theoretical Mechanics ModelliDg , Wood-carving •.. . .. Political Economy-21 Lectures ••• •.. . •• Phy~iology, Anatomy, and Simple Surgery-20 Lectures Twining's" Science made Eusy" Course-10 Lectures ••• Photogmphy , Field Naturalists' Club ',-,-'. '

One Two One

,,:Two One Two Two Two One' Two

One Two Two Two Two One ,Ons One One One One One Two One Two One One One One Two ·Two One One One One One

1s. 6d. lOs. lOs. 15s. 155. 105. lOs. ' 15s. lOs:

210. p. course 'of 50 lectures or 12s. 6d. per hnlf·cO'lr.e.

12s. 6el. lOs. iOs. 21s. 428.

12s. 6el. lOs.

12s. 6d. 15s. lOs.

.10s. . lOs. 21s. 21s"

31S: ,6el. 21s.

,Free. ,lOs.

12s. 6el. 'lOs.

lOs.6el. ,Free.

12s. !lel. Free: , 21s. 2s. 6d.

lterestea lJl the . lcil of Advice owing gentJ~.­Sydney, Mr.

exander Bruce :. C. Crackn~Jl (SydneyUI,li~ . S. Paterson, i'nter), Mr .. ;E. M.L.C.,: Mr.

WeigaII, B.A.. iuperin,~<:!n.q~pt lave also been lave rendered Dixon, .~:C.S .• :::ollege, Map­)rinted papers ittee by Mr. :ecent visit to for obtaining

:l that Cql()ny. [I ) the fees for ,',

~ ~: rge number of 1, and thereby lated in March ficateTbhe ·~to~. t ,.' ·ee. e lees :1.·~; ;s, viz. :- f' ,

r :~ .,f

Chnrged Per Qt1lU1:Uo. .~ .~"~~ ... ' ,1 ------

7s. 6d. lOs. lOs. 15s. 158. lOs. lOs •.

. 15s. lOs.

course of 50 lectures . 6d. per half·course.

12s. 6e1. lOs. lOs. 21s. 42s.

12s. 6e1. lOs..

I2s.' 6,eI. His. lOs. lOs.

. lOs. 21s. 21s.

31s. .6e1. ·21s. Free. lOs.

12s. 6e1. IDS;

IOs.6e1. Free.

12s. !lei. Free: 21s.

2s. 6d.

Only. half these. fees are charged to students who furnish the com­mittee with a satisfactory certificate to the effect that the applicants or their parents are unable to. pay full fees.' Appended will be found copies of the corre'spondence Api

between the Engineering Association and the committee of the SchooL of Arts res­pecting the scale of fees charged. and the action taken in requiring a certificate as .to inability to pay full fees from students desiring to obtain instruction at naIf fees On pages lIto 13 of the pamphlet. on "Technical Education," presented to the com- . mittee by Mr. Dixon, wiII be found some reasons given for maintaining the existing :scale of fees, which will no doubt receive due consideration. A.s however consider­able difference of opinion exists on the subject, the committee resolved to refer the matter to the Honorable the Minister of Public Instruction to decide whether the present scale of fees shall be maintained or reduced? whether students under a certain age shall be admitted to the classes at a lower scale of fees? and whether the regula­tion requiring a certificate from those unable to. pay full fees shall be enforced?

. Although' the College premise-.s have 4,532 feet of floor space, and a Bra

-class-room of 520 feet in the main building is also available for teaching purposes, the great increase in the number of students attending the classes has already imposed upon the committee the necessity of obtaining temporary accommodation elsewhere, a:nd the old Pitt-street Public School (60 ft by 24 ft, or 1,440 ft. area) has be~n rented at the nominal sum of 16s per week. Great inconvenience is caused by several of the -classes being held in different buildings, but a modelling class could not have been formed without the extra accommodation thus obtained, and the commercial classes before their r~moval were so over-crowded as to be both inconvenient and unhealthy for teaching purposes. The large number of classes now formed in connection with the College have necessitated more room being obtained, and nearly twelve months ago an application . was made for part of the Garden Palace in which to hold classes and .store tne valuable scientific apparatus belonging to the College. The modelling class, lilac

already' so successfully formed in connection with the College, under Mons. Henri, will App

it is believed be found of great service to persons employed in several branches of .architectural work and in the decoration of pottery. Classes are now also being formed in the branch schoolroom for teaching carving in wood and stone, for the -especial benefit of workers in those materials. Although at present a regular Trade Trac

School could not well be founded in' the Colony, it is suggested that instruction should be' provided in those branches' of the useful arts not obtainable in the ordinary workroom; and that as there are a number of Government workshops in the city, such. as those of the Railway Department, Telegraph Department, Mint, &c., students .of the Technical College might, when considered necessary by the teacher, have the privilege of seeing the processes and appliances in thl1se establishments

. In order to further Technical Education amongst the industrial classes in The England, several of the Livery Companies of London hq,ve devoted an annual endow. ~om ment of nearly £12,000, out of their funas' towards the founding of a Technical Col_le~ne. lege and the subsidi.zing of existing technological institutiolls. These Trade Guilds repre. sent the following industries, but other CO'mpanics have since joined in with this -educational mo\'el')1ent :-The Carpenters', Mercers', Drapers', Fishmongers', Gold­smiths', Salters', Ironmongers', Clothwor~ers', Cordwainers' , Coopers', Plaisterers', BakerS', Dyers', Needlemakers', and Armourers'. The following is a Report of the ExecutiYe -Committee, appointed by the City of London Corporation~ and the Livery Com­panies, 6f which Lord Selborne was .Chairman, on suggestions for .founcling. this Technical College, prepared at their request and embodied in lengthyreports by Sir W. G .. Armstrong, C.B., F.R.S., G. T. C. Bartley (author of «Schools for the 'People"), Lieut.-Col. Donnelly, R.E., Capt. Douglas Galton, C.B., F.R.S., Professor T. H. Huxley. 1o';R.S., and H. T. Wood, Esq., M.A. (Secretary to the London Society of Arts) : . .. The object which the Livery Companies have in view is the improvement of the technical knowledge of those engaged in the manufactures of this country, whether -employed as workmt'n, managers or foremen, or as principals. It appears to your Executive Committee that, except in some very special instances such as the introduc­tion of a new industry or the revival of an old one, the Companies should not -endeavour to effe~t this improvemel1t by teaching the workman to be more expert in his handicraft; as in their judgment this form of improvement is one which must be derived from greater assiduity in their workshop and from longer practice therein, and they therefore are of opinion that except in special cases it would be unwise to establish any place for teaching the actual carrying ont of the different trades-that is to say, a

.~

. "'"

" .

1 j

Professor Huxley's recommendations.

• JO

place in 't?e natt;re o't a model. manufactory or 'workshop, or to pro .... ide :instructors for l~stan.ce 10 sawmg and. p!anemg! and in c?ipping an~ filing, but they advise that the directIOn to be pur~ued 10 Improving Techmcal EducatIOn should be one which wiII give to those '7mployed 10 manufactures the knowledge of the scientific or artistic principles upon whIch the n:anufai:~ure .may depend. As illustrative of these views, they would refer .to two great md17stnes-lron and textile fabrics. With respect to iron, it is believed that It would be unwIse to endeavour to improve that manufacture 'by instructinO" a: puddler how to handle ,his tools in a superior manner, or the blast furnaceman h~w to manipulate his furnace; but on the other hand, your -Executive Committee think it. would· be of great utility to give to such men (and especially to managers of iron­works) the scientific instruction which will enable them to know why it is that occasion­ally, in spite of manual dexterity and in spite of att<:ntion,. the puddle bar is' bad, or the pig-iron is unsaleable, except at a reduced price. The application of the science of chemisfry to the manufacture .of iron affords this knowledge : Instructed in such application, the iron-master, his foreman, and even his workmen wilf know how, when varying fuel. or varying mineral ore fluxes are brought under treatment, to alter that treatment to suit the particular foreign (and commonly ·noxious) matters .which are found accompanying the fuel, the flux, or the ore, and hciw, notwithstanding the admix­tures, to succeed in producing an excellent 'quality of iron: Siinilarly, as regards the manufacture o.f textile fabrics. While in the opinion of .your Executive Committee it would be unwIse to follow the plan which has been pursued in some phicesupon the Continent, of endeavouring to give extra de~terity to the operative by establishing' nlOdel manufactories or workshops, it would be mos[. wise to give the chemical know­ledge and artistic instruction which would enable the .workers to grapple with differences. in the quality'Of the water, differences in the quality of dyes, and of the materials to be. dyed, and would likewise secure the designer from violations of the canons of good taste~ and your Executive Committee are glad to say that .in the foregoing views they are, without exception, fully supported by the Reports of those \,'{ho have kindly assisted­them with their advice." These recommendations of the London Livery C~)[npanies> Executive Committee are fully endorsed by the Committee of the Sydney Technical College, as being in accordance with their experience in working that institution.

The following recommendations were made by Professor Huxley respect­ing the curriculum of the Livery Companies' Technical College :-" I suppose that a. complete system of Technical Education will be directed towards the following objects: 1st. The' diffusion among artisans and I)thers occupied in trades and manufactures of sound instruction in those kinds of theoretical and practical knowledge which bear upon the different branches of industry, whether manufactures or art. 2nd .. Adequate pr.ov~sion for the training and supply of teachers qualified to give such instruction, and :f9! it he­establishment of schools or isolated classes to which the industrial population'may. have::­ready access, and further for a proper system of examinations whereby the'work done in the schools and classes may be tested. 3rd. The organization of arrangements fur effecting the apprenticeship of scholars' of merit in.thebranches of industry for which they show aptitude; for enabling such scholars to continue their studies bey'ond the ordinary school age by means of exhibitions; and for opening to the rest· of' them a.

. career as teachers or as original workers in appJied science. Upon these several topics. I submit the foIlowing 6bs,ervations :-The theoretical and practical acquirements which

. are of importance to industry may be grouped 4nder the following heads: I.-The­geperal principles of. mathematical and physical science-(a}. mathematics; (o.) physics. (Including' mechanics and all othel' branches of natural philosophy); (c.}. chemistry; '(d.) biology; (e.) mineralogy; (/.) geology. A sound knowledge of ele­mentary mathematics and the principles of physics and chemistry are absolutely indis­pensable for the intelligent practice of many branches of industry. The general prin­ciples of animal and vegetable physiology are needful for the agricult~ralist, miner­alogy and geology are of still more importance to the miners. Ir.-Speclal bra.nches of applied. science such as-(a.) sun'eying; (0.) applied mechanics and machine con­struction; (c.) telegraphy; (d.) metallurgy; (e.) dyeing; (I.) the theory of vari.ous chemical manufactures; (g.) agricultural chemistry; (n.) the theory of. breeding, and the hygiene of domestic animals. IlI.-Skill m the employment of the hands and eye-(a.) the use, of tools; (0.) mechanical drawing; (c.) freehand and . de­corative drawings and colouring, with pattern drawing; (d.) modelling and can'lng. IV.-Means of IearninO" from foreign nations-ability to read French or German or b.oth. V. -Bookkeeping. rt"'appears to me that if every person who is .engaged in an industry

,tructors for had access to instruction in the scientific principles on which that industry is' based, iri 'ise that the the mode of applying these principles to practice; in the language of those people Who ich will give know as much about the matter as we do ourselves. and lastly in the art of keeping ic principles accounts, Technical Education would have d.one all that can be required of it:' A com- ~ollel they would parison of the curriculum of the Sydney Technical College with that thus suggested by ppe. t is believed Professor Huxley, will show that its programme already includes most of the subjects qstructing a. in which he recommends instruction should be given at such an educational institution. ~ceman how . There are about 100 Mechanics' Institutes scattered throughout the colony; Teeh" nittee think possessing property estimated to be worth over ,£roo,ooo, but the returns forwarded fcrene ers of iron- from these institutions to the Technological Conference, held under the presidency of at occasion- Sir Henry Parkes, K.C.M.G., in October last, and the Report of the Inspector of bad, or the Public Institutions show that there are few classes in operation at them, although

e science. ot many ·poss/".5S good lecture halls, libraries, reading and class rooms. The following ed in such resolutions passed by the delegates from the country Schools of Art and Trade / how, when Societies ~t the Technological Conference were communicated by a large deputation o alter thatt from it' to the Minister of Public Instruction (Sir John Robertson, K.C.M.G.) :--, which ate 4' (t.) That in order to properly develop the resources of New South Wales, it is considered , the admix- desirable that Technical Education should receive greater support in the Colony, and regards the that the instruction imparted in the Technical or Working Men's College, at the ommittee it (: Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts, be extended to the Suburbs of the City, and to the s upon the principal Country Towns, so farastheirrequirements may demand. (2.) Thatitisthere-establishing ~.r f II d h h G h ld' . f ' lore respect u y suggeste ,t at t e' overnment s ou Institute a proper system 0 ,nical know- .(~. Technical Edm ation in science and art throughout the Colony, under the direction of I differences.;~ competent lecturers and teachers, and that the instruction afforded be principally of a terials to be practical character. (3') That consequent upon the last preceding resolution being carried , good taste;. r lnto effect there shoufd also be evening classes instituted in every populous locality, ws they are; t for affording elementary instruction to young men and youths whose education has Idly assistec!,~ been neglected" so that they may be enabled to avail themselves of any course of Companies~ -',' Technical Instruction provided by the Government." In compliance with a request ( Technical of Sir John Robertson that the members of the deputation would embody in a more IOn. specific f(Jrm their views as to the best means to be adopted to carry out the objectS-of the :ley respect- Conference, the following suggestions were submitted for the Minister's 'consideration :~ 'pose that a, .. (t.) That the Government be requested to bring forward next Session a Bill dealing ng objects: " :0. ,'. _ with Technical Education, and thereby' supplementing the Public Instruction Act of ufactures of / last Session. (2.) That the Government be requested to put a sum on the Estimates I bear upon h 'in aid of Technical Schools or Colleges, to be established in connection with Schools te provision, of Aits, Mechanics' Institutes, and Public Schools." . 'lnd fot :the :,' < ." :: ~. • . That there are so few educational classe,s in -the Country Schools of Arts' Counl ~ may. have.: ' J' , no' doubt principally arises from the want of means to pay lecturers and teachers, and Institl : work done - '" the difficulty o.f obtain,ing suitable. instructors- in, the inland towns of the, Colo.nj. ~ements for (::, Several deputatlons from the committees of the Sydney School of Arts have dunng ( for which~; the last. ten years brought under the notice of tbe Government the recommertdations beyond the Qf the Royal Commission on Scientific Instruction in Great Britain, under the presidency of them a of the Duke of Devonshire, urging the necessity for the formation of science classes

leral topics. and the delivery of popular lectures in all centres of population, in order to further the lents which development of the arts and manufactures in the various districts, and bring t,o light. their

I.-The- . hidden natural resources. ,It is now respectfully suggested that ,a sum for imparting. latics; (b.} Technical Education be allowed to country Schools of Art, as recommended'by~,the )phy); (c.} Inspector of Public Institutions, equal to the Government subsidy given to· -theirSubsi, dge of ele... reading-rooms, and libraries, and not .exceeding the annual sum raised by private sub-lutely indis- scriptions from their members. thus making in future the endowment £.I for every eneral pi-in" £{ coll'ected by each institution. The expenditure of the allowance for Technical list, miner- Education should, however, be strictly confined to payments for science and art branches or teacl.ing by means of classes and lectures, and a separate account kept from the other Lchine con,.. ". funds of the MechaniCs' Institute according to the present practice of the Technical of various ;,~, College. It is further suggested that payments to teachers by the committees of

t" breeding; -country Schools of Arts, should as far as possible be. similar to those of the Tech-. the hands ~ nological Commission in Victoria; namely, besides, the fees, a capitation allowance given

d and de':' J' {ler quarter for every student. attending a certain number of evenings during,that term. Id carying.,' It is also recommended that as in the neighbouring 'Colony the fees charged to an or both. scholars attending schools of design and science classes should be fixed on as' low an indUstry. it scale as possible. Paymeut by results is not adopted by the Victorian Technologic~l Paym

12

Commission, and although recommended by Professor Liversidge,.it is believed by your Committee that it would also be ·very unsuitable for'furthering science and arneaching in this Colony .. Professor Huxley (for years an examiner of the London Science and Art Department) in his recent report on Technological Education says :-" Payment upon certain results inevitably tends towards teaching for such results. That is to say, there is a certain proclivity 'towards teaching, not ~o make the taught know, but to· enable them to pass an examination, which may be, and often is, quite another, matter, especiaUy when the examination is entirely a written one." Mr. H. Trueman Wood, M.A., Secretary of the London Society of Arts, says on the same subject:­" It would appear that morervaluable results may be hoped for from the establishment of special institution; than. from a~y general payments, such as the South K~nsing~on payment on results.' It IS considered that the best means to commence Imparting elementary scientifit: instruction in the interior of the Colony would be the delivery, by

Itinerant scienCe .itinerant lecturers, of Twining's "Science-made-Easy," lectures on the elements of leeturers. chemical physics, mechanical physics, natural history, botany, physiology, &c. The

subjects at present prescribed by the Science and Art Department in England, would, it is believed, be of too advanced a character to commence with in the country towns of the Colony, especially as unlike the cities of Great Britain the local industries are of a miscellaneous character, and comparatively but few persons engaged in them. Lectures on diseases of cattle and horses, sheep and wool, breeding of stock, agricultural chemistry, scientific tillage of the soil, forest conservancy, arboriculture,· cultivation of economic plants, preservation. 'of 'meat and fruit, practical farming, manufacture of wine •. dairy management, &c., which have been suggested by the Co.mmittees· of the Mechanics' . Institutes in the country districts would also· affilrd suitable topics tor

Agriculturalteaching practical lectures in the inland towns. In order to properly develop the great pastoral . and agricultural resources of New South Wales, it is also suggested that arrangements

should be made in conjunction with the local Mechanics' Institutions and Agricul­tural Societies for the imparting by them of somewhat similar practical instruction to that given at the Farming Schools in America, England, and Scotland. The combination of these established institutions could be made to afford the industrial instruction needed by farmers and graziers; the local School of ArtS furnishing the' science teaching, and the Agricultural Societies the encouragement of the practical work. The use of the lecture hall is granted by the Technical College comtllittee to the Horti­cultural Society of New South Wales, for holding monthly shows and reading papers descriptive of the exhibits of flowers and plants, and the same privilege should be given to similar institution·s by the committees of country Mechanics' Institutes. Annexed is an account of the· working of the Agricultural College at Cirencester, in England,

Appendix H.

whose curriculum would be worthy of adoption many districts in this Colony. Te~hnological exmi. The difficulty of obtaining suitable instructors and examiners would at natton.. present debar the adoption of the South Kensington system by the Mechanics' Institutes in

the in.terior, but the examinations at the Technical College in Sydney could be conducted on the principles laid down by the London Science and Art Departrr.ent, and thus prepare for the extension of that system hereafter to the coun'try institutions. Similar Techno­logical examinations to those conducted by the Londo!} Society dArts, and recently transferred to the Livery Companies Technical College, might. also be instituted with advantage at the central institution in Sydney. The following are the subjects'in which examinations are now held by the London Livery Companies :-Alkali manufactures, blowpipe analysis. (practical), brewing, calico bleachiI)g, .~yeing, and printing, car­riage tmilding, cloth manufacture, cotton manufacture, electro-metallurgy, ·gas manufacture, glass manufacture, goldsmiths' and silversmiths' work, iron manufac­ture, la<!e manufacture, oils, colours, and varnishes manufacture, paper manufacture, photography, pottery and porcelain, printing, silk manufacture, steel manufacture, sugar manufacture, tanning leather, telegraphy, watchmaking, wool. dyeing, fuel, oils (illuminating and lubricating), mine surveying, mechanical preparation and dressing of ores, mechanical engineering "&c.

Schools of Mines. Applications have been made on behalf of the Mechanics' Institutes of the ,Colony for the services of lecturers on geology, mineralogy, mining and chemistryt provided for in the Mining Act, and a promise was obtained from the Minister that the request would receive the favourable consideration of the Government when these lecturers are appointed. Schools of Mines similar to those at Ballarat and Sandhurst, but on a smaller scale, would be of great service to the miner:; at Newcastle, Lithgow, TnVf~r~ll. Imel othpr miniTT!7 townships. provided that much of the instruction be

!lieved by your- imparted to miners in their spare time, and it is suggested that the local Mechanics' nd art feaching Institutes could be well utilized for that purpose. Examinations should also be held as 'n Science and in Victoria, not only in the science subjects taught in the Schools of Mines but also ; :-" Payment for certificates as captain of shift, underground ~anager, engine driver, general That is to say, mining manager, telegraphist, &c. Although the Marine Board and Pharmacy

know;' but to- Acts require that mates, engineers and chemists should pass certain examinations. quite another,. there is no public institution in the city that affords the necessary instruction except '; H. Trueman the Technical College. Arrangements have been made with the Pharmaceutical me subject:- Society whereby the classes of a School of Pharmacy are included in the College Sch

establishment.. course, and the use of the hall isgive~ free for the lectures of that Society. :h Kensington ' In order to assist country and suburban Mechanics' Institutes as far as Loa

once imparting the resources of the College will permit, the following resolutions were approved he delivery, by by the General Committee of the Sydney School of Arts, respecting the Ie elements of loan 'of the College', apparatus, and as to the payment for the services of 'gy, &c. The~l the Operator :_H (1.) That the College Committee be empowered to entertain ;land, would, it ' applications from country Schools of Art for the loan .of apparatus when :ountry towns." not in use, and to lend apparatus belonging to. the institution upon a 'satisfactory ustries are of a. 1 guarantee being given for its preservation and for compensation in case of loss or . Lectures on damage, and on undertaking to pay the charges for transmission of such apparatus '.ral chemistry,. to and from the JOstitution. (2.) That the College· Committee be empowered to 1 of economic entertain applications from country Schools of Art, for the services of the operator llre of wine., c' to work the oxy-hydrogen lantern for lantern readings and popular lectures, when ttee; of the" his services are not required in the institution, and that the charge for his services ble topics for " be ten shillings and sixpence per diem during his absence from Sydney. exclusive great pastoral '" of travelling expenses, which must be paid by the applicants for his services." At arrangements J: the request of the committees of a number of the country Schools of Art, lecturers Coil,

and Agricul- i attached to the Technical College have recently attended several of these COUI

al instruction institutions. These lectures have been delivered to large and appreciatiye audiences. otland. The" Popular lantern readings,' illustrated with the College apparatus, were also very the industrial. successiillIy given, and not only attended by numbers of adults but also on subsequent 'urnishing tht· ,:";' evenings enjoyed by hundreds of the Public school children of the locality. In order lractical work.' to extend the operations of the College in a working class neighbourhood, Twining's Twir

to the Horti~ course of" Science-made-Easy" lectures were delivered free to the artizans of the eading papers. OJ. district in the Sussex-street Mission School-room, by Mr. ]. H. Maiden, who h?-d ould be given been previously engaged in a similar capacity by Mr. Twining, the London School !s. Annexed Board, the London Artizans' Institute. and.other bodies. The apparatus, diagrams, , in England~ and letter.press for each of Mr. Twining's lectures arranged in separate boxes, ny; 1i are made very suitable for travelling purposes, as_each case contains all the iners wOlild' at ,h~ appliances required for the delivery of a popular scientific discourse. This educa-;,. Institutes in ~'. ,tional apparatus obtain~d a ,first award' at the. ,Sydney International Exhibition, and be conducted the enclosed description of it shows its great utility for the, work for which it is Appe

d. th us prepare, f designed. I11lar Techno-,;~ :'_ ' The Minute 'prepared by the late Council of Education on the subject Secol

a~d recen~ly" t }~ of Technical Education alludes to the want of co-ordination in the secondary lstltu~ed WIth ,,,.... educational institutions of the Colony, and suggests the expediency of securing unity lects 'In which of purpose in them. It is, therefore, highly satisfactory to find that it is the intention :n~m~factures,. of the Goyernment to carry out the recommendations made at the recent Technological mntmg, car- Conference, by introducing a measure this Session dealing with these educational :allurgy, gas establishments, in the same way as has been done with the primary schools under the 'on manufac- Public Instruction Act. Although considering the character and history of the Sydney manufacture,. School of Arts it was meet that the Technical College should be initiated 'by tha~ ma~lUfacture,. institution, yet the future of industrial instruction in the Colony must before long dyel~g, fuel,. as!)ume such proportions as to entail a greater financial responsibility than laratlOn and':: 'should be cast upon any other than a regularly recognised Government

;titutes of the ;:,' .d chemistry,. .; ister thi;It the ':' when these ;.,

d Sandhurst, Ie, Lithgo\v, struction be

institution. It is also certain that a proper relation should exist between the Public Schools and the Technical Schools in continuing the education of the apprentice by evening instruction after entering upon the business of life. It is, therefore, respectfully suggested, that Technical Education should be administered by the Department of Public Instruction in conjunction with primary education, thereby securing, a closer connection in the educational institution~ of t~e Colony. Recent statistics, quoted by writers on educational reform, show that the great proportion of prisoners in the gaols of America and Europe had not

., "

; ,.~

; ~ ,

L~~

. Scholarships.

been brought up to any industrial occupation, and the present ten<;iency iIi numbers of youths in the Colony to despise manual occupations should therefore be deprecated, and the dignity of labour upheld by proper technical c::ducation being imparted to the masses. . The teaching when practicable of the scientific and artistic principles which lie at the base of each trade, would not only evidence the utility of culture to the artisan and allow youths to follow their natUl:al bent by preventing a training only for clerical duties, but also help greatly in securing an intelligent development of the resources of the colony. The subjects in which elementary science and art teaching should be given in the 'Primary ~chools can be best judged by the Inspectors of the Public Schools, but it is' suggested that the programme adopted should be so arranged as to agree with the curriculums of the seconda.ry educational institutions of the Colony. National Scholarships should also be founded, similar to those of the Science and Art· Department in England, enabling scholars leaving. the Primary and Evening Schools and students at country Mechanics' Institutes to cont.inue their education at the Technical College. The Technical College should also be affiliated with the Sydney University, and bursaries provided to enable youths passing the College curriculum to attend the University course. This proposed system of prizes at our educational institutions, would form a, great incentive to the Australian youth, as such rewards have done in the mother country, and help considerably the development of the industries of the Colony. Mr. G. C. T. Bartley, author of " Schools for the People" says :-" The effect which the Art Schools of England have had on manufactures, or in other words the superior technical education which they have brought about, has been very great, and much of the improvement in art

. manufactures, in glass, china, carpets, textile fabrics, wall papers, &c., can be traced, W}utworth Scholar. partly at least, to their influence." In accordance with the Despatch from the .hlps. Secretary of State for the Colonies, notifying that the Whitworth Scholarships of

£3,000 yearly (being the interest on the £100,000 given by Sir Joseph Whitworth, for the encouragement of Mechanical Science) were. open for competition to persons resident in New South Wales, it is believed that students can now be prepared at the Technical College in the scientific knowledge required for these exhibitions, especially as a successful English competitor for 'one of them (Mr. \V. H. Warren) is the lecturer on applied mechanics to the College,. and he has submitted valuable suggestions towards that object. Scholarships of £50 ye:1rly should be provided for· the northern, southern,. and western districts of the Colony, to enable successful students to-live in the metropolis, and the classes at the Technical College

High Schools.

.. '\1.

Railway Passes.

also be open free to these competitors. As stated in the late Annual Report of the Minister of Public Instruction, it would be advisable when iriitiating the High Schools provided for in the Public Instruction Act, to endeavour to make them useful in imparting technical instruction, and the Technical College and country Mechanics' Institutes might thus be utilised for imparting instruction during the.day as well as of an evening. The Bristol Trade School (referred to in the Minute of the late Council of Education respecting Technical Education)has recently ·been taken as 'a model by the London Trade Guilds, as an institutlOn for imparting art and science instruction to youths Wh9 are desirous of obtaining tech.nical training before entering upon the business of life. In order that apprentices living in districts where. no evening classes ate in operation, may have. the opportunity of ayailing themselves of the Technical College classes, it is suggested that suburban station-masters should be empowered to allow them the same privilege on 'the railway lines as that granted to children going to and coming from the Public Schools.

Commercial B<anch. Besides the Science and Art branches of the Technical College there is a Commercial branch, for imparting the knowledge needed by persons engaged in business operations, with classes for bookkeeping, correspondence, phonography, grammar, arithmetic, writing, French, German, Italian, and Latin. Several of these elementary classes are found to be !lecessary to enable youths whose primary education has been neglected to undergo the course of instruction in science, with profit to themselves and satisfaction to the teacher. The Evening Schools now being started in the Colony, under the Public Instruction Act, will also prove of great service in supplying this elementary knowledge; and these institutions must further prove excellent feeders for the Technical College, and for the Science'and Art classes

Cookery Lessons. of the country Mechanics' Institutes. The course of lessons on Practical Cookery, given last year oy Mrs. Macpherson at the Technical College, was very successful,

ldency in' , therefore education

: scientific

ahd attended by a large number of, lady students, and it is believed that ,siinilar Suggestio

iristruCtioI:1 should be given at the Mechanics' Institutes in the principal inland towns, creased u,

not only for adults, but also for the senior girls in the primary schools. The theatre at the Sydney School of Arts is now let for concerts, an'd other entertainments, and produces a revenue of about £ r ,OOQ yearly, which is expended in' the purchase ot not only

)ir natural greatly in 5ubjects in ry Schools suggested with the National and Art'

l Evening iucation at l with the 1e College

of prizes Australian lerably the author of

gland have which they lent in art ,be traced,

from the larships of :Vhitworth; to persons

3.red at the , especially en) is the : valuable = provided to enable :al College lort of ,the

books and periodicals for the library and reading ro<;>m of the institution. It is however considered that this large hall could ,be better utilised by the Technical College, in giving popular science lectures and readings, illustrated by the valuable apparatus belonging to that institution. These lectures could not only be utilised for artisans and apprentices, but by arrangement with the head 'masters of Public Schools of the metropolis, the senior scholars should also be admitted iii accordance with the plan adopted at the Sandhurst School of Mines. It is there~ fore suggested that the Hall of the School of Arts be leased by the Government for the purposes of the College, as proposed at the recent interview with Sir John Robertson, at a rental of, say {, 1,000 yearly. It is also believed, that the premises of the Technical College could be utilised as a Science and Art Training School, in order that the country institutions may have competent instructOrs trained for their classes.' Its scientific branch might be placed under, one of the Professors of Applied Science, such as the, Lecturer on Chemistry, who would be required to give practicaJ instruction to teachers, both during the day and of an evening. The Laboratory of the College could also be better utilised for the manufacturers of the Colony; and others desirous of obtaining a knowledge' of and experimenting upon the materials used in the several processes of their work. It is stated as the experience of the Professors at the Melbourne Technical Laboratory, that" most

i persons attending corne with the intention of solving some special technical problem. :;. ~ and have neither t~e time necessary nor the desire to study theoretical science h'" 'i The Art branch, it IS recommended, should consist of a School of Design under t e,

direction of one of the instructors, who would be required not only to supervise the drawing. modelling, and carving classes, but also to prepare students as teachers for the country and suburban Schools of Arts. Advantage could also be taken by the Department of Public Instruction, of the present teaching staff and models, by forming classes during the day for the instruction of teachers in science and art. For example, under this arrangement, the teachers and pupil teachers of the metropolitan and country schools could avail. themselves of the advantages of'instruction in the Technical College, by joining special classes at convenient times and using'the chemical laboratory, South Kensington casts, and the scientific apparatus belonging to the College, to prepare them for imparting elementary lessons to their scholars.

. Technical education has many phases, whic.h_are divisible into several Functions the High hem useful ~lechanics' veil as of an ' ,:

distinct branches, such as the higher forms of instruction required by the professional cal CoHeE

man which belongs properly to a University-the ,teaching of the elements of popular 'science \vhich should be taught in the Primary School-the encouragement of the

Council 'of , : ' model by.'

instruction ',' g upon the ling classes ! T echriical empowered

higher branr.:hes of 'art, such as painting in oil and water colours, which, should be given. iri connection with the Art Gallery-the collecting, of raw materials

. a:n~ manufactured articles which lies within the province of a Technological Museum , -and the imparting of special branches of knowledge 'to artizans and apprentices, by

classes and lectures, which can be best taught at and properly belongs to the Technical or Working Men's College, and the Mechanics' Schools of Arts of the 'Colony,

to children

>lIege . there . engaged in onography. Several 'of ths whose in science, :hools now ,ve of great ust further Art classes

.1 Cookery, successful,

,! ,without encroaching in anJ way on the functions of other institutions. The difference between the technical training required for "the professional man, the scientific chemist, the engineer, and the architect," as compared with that which it is desirable should be imparted to " the artisan, the engine-driver, and the foreman of a \vorkshop," has been pointed out by Professor Liversidge in his valuable report

"':' upon the Technical Institutions of other countries; and his recommendations "that :-',: the Sydney University should be so extended as to include courses in engineering,

,~,'",: l ~in~ng, lagriculture! ~orebstlry, sdurveyinhg, anfd darC~itecbtureh'" f;Sor the instdructiolnd

of pro~ !eSSlOna men are, It IS e Ieve ,wo.rt y 0 a optIon y t e en ate, an w()u greatly increase the usefulness of that InstitutiO'n. Many of Professor Liversidge's recom-

, mendations for evening classes for imparting technical and scientific instruction were, 1 ,however, already anticipated by the instruction given at the Technical Colleg'e long 1 before his report was pUbli"hed, and the correctness of his remark" that the teacher' \ should not be dependent upon either the fees or a fixed sum alone" is borne out by , actual experience. As the endowment to the Technical College is so small, hi

, .

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16

Practicallnsiruction_ compari!:;on . to the large number of students to be taught, it has been found

... ,.

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- impossible· to guarantee to the teachers the fixed salary sug~ested by Profes~or Liversidge, and therefore only the fees from the students have been paid to them. There are about thirty lecturers and teachers on the staff of the Technical College, who are imparting instruction in a variety of subjects and the necessary payments

'for apparatus, salaries, lighting, advertising, printing, &c., Jlave to be defrayed out of the small Government endowment, as there are no ftind~ available from any other source, and as yet no bequests have been given for the purpose. Professor LivArsidge's recommendation. howeyer, that special classe" be organised at the University by its staff for instructing Public S.chool. teachers. to carry. out the practical branches of Technical Education, and that a limited number of them be selected annually to attend these lectures in order to prepare them as instructors of artisans, would it is believed in the light of actual experience not be found of the most satisfactory character. If ·the science and art teaching at the. Technical College, as well as that in evening classes at country Mechanics' Institutes, is only to be of a general and elementary nature, an intelli­gent schoolmaster could doubtless be trained to give it; but practical experience of the knowledge which is of most value to the mason, carpenter, engine-fitter, turner, boat-builder, and other trades most practised in the Colony must lead to the convic-· tion that these operatives should be taught by educated practical men from their own trades, who have shown that tl1ey are superior in attainments to their fellow workmen, and thus trained in a special way as instructors. The teaching of the ordinary schoolmaster· is of too abstract and general a nature to efficiently compare for practical- results·with that imparted by·a superior instructor of the same trade as the pupil to be taught, as the tradesman will take care not to encumber the students . with subjects not absolutely required in his business. By teaching of a practical kind is .here meant that education which the mechanic or tradesman can immediately put to use; and without undervaluing thorough theoretical teaching in its proper place, that scientific instruction is of the most use _ which renders thc workman of more value to himself, to his employer, and to the community at large. As there are great differences between the customs and requirements of the trades and manufactures of the ColClny, and similar trades as carried out in Great Britain and on the Continent of Europe, per~ons who have practical experience in the managementand working of Colonial industries should. be better qualified to direct instruction for the improvement of the artisans engaged in them (at arlY rate in some branches), than those, who, having devoted themselves solely to literary work, derive their knowledge of Technical Education from what is done where the conditions are quite different to those existing in the Colony. It may do a carpenter no harm to teaGh him pure mathematics, but it will be of much greater advantage to him to be instructed in practical geometry and the elements of strength in framed structures; the ~heory and pr~ctice of formingmortice~.! .J;.enons, trusses, the proper angle for th~ cuttmg edge of hiS tools, &c., such practical knowledge would cost less and give more solid results than the study of the higher branches of mathematics. Mr.,], Scott Russell, the celebrated engineer, in his well known work on "Systematic Technical Education," says :-" For a tnerephilosopher and for a practical mechanic the· science of physiCs must be taught in quite a different. way; certain elementary principles are, no doubt, the same for all men and for aU circumstances, but that ·is only tlJe purest and most abstract science. To the man of science, the science itself is the end and aim.. To the technical·man, . science is the mere tool and instrument. and what he wants to know is not the mere science ox:ly, bu~ the means of shaping it to his end and the b.est way of ,-!sing it, so as to achieve hiS purpose" (page 285.) At another place·m the same work, Mr. Russell says :-" Give men the benefit of a sound practical acquaintance with ju~t as much science as they require, without any avoidable technicalities or any time un· necessarily bestowed on those ever-changing theories and forms of nomenclature which confuse the most practised memories." .

The Executive Committee of the London Trade. Guilds, in their report to those companies, made the following recommendations on this subject :-" With regard to the trade schools, foremen, workmen, apprentices and others who could show that they had already received sufficient elementary instruction in the principles of Science and Art to follow the teaching in those schools, should be taught the aFplication of Science and Art to particular trades, by teachers having a competent

1

been found by Profesllor aid to them. ical College, ry payments frayed out of" e from any . Professor organised at rs to carry ited number to prepare

: of actual ,nce and art 5 at country e, an intelIi­!xperience of fitter, turner, ) the convic-' n from their their fellow

:hing of the ltly compare me trade as the students

.. a practical, immediately n its proper workman of

As there tradp.s and

ritain and on agementand ction for the tnches), than ir knowledge ~ different to m,to teach I him to be, 1 structures; angle for th~ ~ss" and give tics. Mr. J. " Systematic

a practical ferent ' way; :Jen and for 'act science. ' . ,chnical,man,' not the mere f using it, so le work, Mr. ! with just as any time un­IOmencIature

1 their report' '!ct:-uWith o could sh,ow .. principles of

'! taught the a competent

. . ;

knowledge of the actual practice of those trades, as well as the scientific and flrtlstlc principles to be applied to them." Mr. Thomas Twining, in his valuable work on "Technical Training," says of some kinds of scientific instruction given in England :,­'" The teaching has been too technical in the sense of addressing technical phraseology to unaccustomed ears, and not sufficiently technical in the sense of supplyi,ng the necessary link'between theoretical knowledge and its practical applications. In some cases the instruction, guided by a special professor, has gone tlle way that suited him rather than the way that suited the wants of general or local industry."

Without in any way discouraging instruction to mechanics and other ~uit operatives in the higher branches of learning, and believing that in due course, as .or, I

Technical Education is more developed in the Colony, this kind of teaching'must be provided, it yet appears that the system hitherto adopted in connection with the Technical College is well adapted for the req~irements of Colonial workmen for some time to come. Professor Liversidge says :-" It would be absurd to form special schools for mining, agriculture, engineering, architecture, or similar courses at the evening classes of Mechanics' Institutes, and that such classes should not pe too ambitious." The latter statement may be admitted as a truism, but the extent to which the conductors of such classes should carry their work without being ambitious depends entirely on the capacity of the students and the ability of the teacher. As a matter of fact such classes have been conducted in this institution, and in the opinion of those most qualified to judge (that is men who have afterwards seen the students at their actual daily work) have produced substantial results. Classes for mechanical drawing were first formed in the institution by Mr. Norman Selfe, M.LC.E., several years ago, and among those who have attended, them were persons nnw having important positions in the Government service ill this and other colonies. Similar classes have since been conducted. by gentlemen Mee

holding the offices of Superintendent Engineer. of the Australasia", Steam Naviga- ' tion Company's vVorks, Mort's Engineering Company's Works, and by several of the Presidents of the Engineering Association-all practical men. The architectural Ard

drawing class, formerly under the direction of Mr. Sapsford, now City Architect, ~~~: Mr. Alexander Elphinstone, jun., Mr. J. Kirkpatrick and other professional gentle· men, is now conducted by Mr. Cyril Blacket, A.R.LB.A., who is also delivering a course of lectures on architecture and building construction The applied mechanics App

class, formerly taught by Mr. W. H. Humphreys, C.E., late President of the and

Engineering Association. is now under the guidance of Mr. W. H. Warren, Associate M.LO.E., a successful. Whitworth Scholar. The freehand drawing and design Schc

classes are conducted by Mr. Thomas Phillips, late a National Scholar at the South Kensington School of Art, who duriI}g the last year has been training a large number of students in the system of instruction approved by the Committee of the Council of Education in England. Mr. Phillips was employed as a practical' designer in London, and brought to the 'Colony strong recommendations from Sir Philip Ounliffe Owen (Director of the South Kensington Museum), certifying as to his ability and knowledge of the system adopted in that institution. Mr. E. Combes, C.M.~., M.P., who-in addition to his other valuable services to ·the Technical College-recently examined the classes of the School of Design, congratulated the committee on having inaugurated and developed in the Colony this admirable system of art instruction. The modelling class, under the direction of Mons. L. F. Henri, is also of great practical value to many workmen in the community. The Che"

chemical laboratory was placed under the care of Mr. Dixon, F.C.S., F.I.C., who undertook to furnish it with apparatus, supply re-agents, fuel, gas, and any assistance required. The number of students attending' the College laboratory has already averaged more than those entering, many similar institutions elsewhere, and one of its students recently obtained a first place and a goldmedal in chemistry ata leading European University. Mr. Dixon has also made good use of the laboratory in original research since his appointment as chemistry lecturer, as he has contributed to the Royal Society valuable papers on the inorganic constituents of the coals of New South Wales, an,d on the chemical composition of salt bushes and other native fodder plants ... For several years Mr. Dixon has analysed for the Department of Mines a large number of minerals found in the Colony, and prepared an exhaustive report on the coals of Australasia compared with those of other countries with which they have to compete. At the late Sydney International Exhibition, Mr. Dixon acted as chairman of the committee for judging minerals, &c" and devoted a considerable amount of time to that work •

Courses of . Lecture.. . Since the fQrmation· of the Technical College many courses of lecture have been and are now being delivered in connf!ction with it, amongst which may b mentioned those on chemistry (50 lectures), geography (IO lectureR), app)ie mechanics and 'steam engine (2 courses-70 lectures), natural philoRophy (r lectures), English literature (I2 lectures), political economy' (20 lectures:

, cookery (I2 lectures), architecture and building construction (24 lectures), materi medica and pharmacy (weekly)~ physiology (I2 lectures). anatomy and simpl surgery (20 lectures), and photography (I2 lectures.) During the holding of th

Exhibition Lectures. Sydney International Exhibition, a course of Exhibition Lectures was delivered in th . College Hall by representatives from the various countries exhibiting, many of whic

were interesting descriptions of tne articles shown .in the Garden Palace. Courses c . Popular Lectures. Popular Science Lectures have also been delivered during the winter months, severa

D. of which were attended by between 500 and 600 persons, who were admitted to ther

omestlc Economy fi f h S' 1 f I I d' d &c. ' ree 0 c arge. pecla courses 0 c ass ectures on omestlc economy were E livered, and practical lessons on the cutting-out and making of clothes given by lad

Naturalists' Field teachers, for the ben'efit of those needing such instruction. A Naturalists' Field Clu Club. . h as been formed in connection with the College, and its members have had s~vera

ex~ursions.to interesting spots near Sydney with descriptive papers afterwards real at ltS meetmgs.

Success attending The success attending the instruction at the Technical College is recent!: Systematic Classes. evidenced by the drawing classes winning the School of Design Certificate, equal t,

a gold medal, for the, best collection of drawings at the Melbourne Internationa Exhibition, and oJ two of its late students obtaining honors at the Edinburg] Universit~

Number of Students .- The following is a return of the students attending the classes sinc, the formation of the Technical College :-

RETURN 011' THE NUMBER 011' STUDE..'!TS WHO ENTERED COURSES OJ? STUDY AT THE TECll:nCA:!- OR WORK I::;' MEli'S COLLEGE, DURING EACH QUARTER FRO}! 1ST JANUARY, 1878, TO 30TH JUNE, 1881.

1st 2nd 3rd 4th. TotaL Quarter. Quarter. Quarter. Quarter.

1878 140 152 173 130 595

1879 131 140 282 149 103

1880 179 282 293 293 1,041

1881 389 378 ... ." 167

845 952 148 512 3,112

,

r d The numbers now attending the classes would, it is conceived, warran d~~f:S:eqci~~~~mo. more accommodation being provided for the' College, and a larger annual endowmen

granted it by the Government. One object of this report is to point but that th( buildings occupied by the College are insufficient for its present requirements; anc therefore that good reasons exist for obtaining' more ground and the means 0 erecting additional class rooms. The accompanying plans of the present Colleg( buildings and adjoining premises show that the increased accommodation can b( secured· at a moderate cost, in proportion to .the educational work which may b(

Appendices A,B,C,& D.

accomplished through its instrumentality. It will be observed from Appendix B that the ground on which the buildings .are erected .-is h~ld under three separatE leases, and as one of these is only during the tenure of two l1ves only the 'smalliecture

. hall has been erected upon it. The committee now deem it desirable that this leased land should be acquired as a freehold,. arid would therefore recommend that it be resumed for the educational purposes of the College. A great increase of accom­modation is not at present sought for, as it is probable that the greatest efficiency will be reached with a moder-ate siz!:'d institution, but' the committee respectfully suggest that the Government should take steps to also resume the land cross-li.Tled on Appendix A, with a frontage to George-street of about 28 feet, and an· allotment

1

1

:tures aybe )plied Y' (ro ures), ateria imple )f the in the Nhich ,es of !veral them e de­,'lady Club

~,veral read

::ently ual to tional :>urgh

since

arrant .vment tat the ; and

lons of 'ollege 'an be lay be :lix B, parate ecture leased it be

ccom-ciency ctfully s-liTJed )tment

·1

with a small store upon it~ adjoining the present College Hall. As these pieces of land are next to the present College premises they can easily be connected with the School of Arts, without interfering with its existing buildings, and if obtained will afford the accommodation now needed for the students, and give an entrance from George­street, without interfering with the present right-of-way which"is usually blocked up by drays belonging to the adjoining proprietors. There are no valuable buildings upon the ground proposed to be resumed, and the desired frontage to George-street is not large. The whole of these premises, as shown 011 the plans, could now be well utilized for the purposes of imparting Technical Education in several of its most important branches. On Appendix A, fig. I shows the land adjoining the institution it is desired to obtain for the College; fig. 2 an arrangement of additional class and lecture rooms; and fig. 3 the first floor plan of the buildings on fig. 2. By adopting the foregoipg suggestions, the large room occupied by the Central Boot Company would afford, at very little 'outlay, space for two class-rooms, each 50 ft. x 20 ft .. lighted from the roof, and a corridor from George-street. On Appendix A are also shown, adjoining the College Hall, two large class or lecture rooms desirable to be obtained; having over them one large room suitable for the .drawing classes, about 56 feet x 30 feet. When the site of the College Hall is secured on a better tenure it is proposed to raise the roof and erect a gallery around its three sides, as this arrangement would afford room for storing a large quantity of apparatus, and enable a proper optical chamber to be constructed for the oxy-hydrogen lanterns, at the same time the sitting accommodation'for the audience would be greatly increased. The extra rooms shown correspond very closely with the requirements stated in the suO'gestions addressed to the Committee by Mr. Dixon. the chemical professor of the Ccllege. It is thought unnece~sary to .epter further into.the minor details of th.e proposed arrangements for secunng addltlonal accommodatlOn for the College; but 1t would be desirable, in the event of such an extension of its operations being approved of by the Minister, to provide for motive power such asa gas engine to be applied for artificial ventilation and to drive a dynamo-electric machine, machine tools, and the apparatus required in a physical laboratory.

Appended is an inventory of the teaching appliances of the College. Apparatus, Through the liberality of the Government a large portion of this .apparatus was Appendix I.

selected from the various Courts at the late Sydney International Exhibition, and is therefore admirably adapted for imparting instruction. Much of the apparatus previously owned by the School of Arts has been damaged, and is now of too anti-quated a type except perhaps for helping to illustrate the recent great progress made by inventors of machinery and teaching appliances. The College has not however proper sets of appliances for illustrating pneumatics, heat, sound, and light, but it is hoped that the committee will be enabled shortly to. obtain them, as classes are about to be formed for studying these 'subjects. Professor Huxley states that a Technical College should have a small operator's workshop 'attached to it with lathe and other machines for making and repairing scientific apparatus; and the appliances in,· the operator's room could also be used in teaching students the theory of abrasion and that underlying cutting tools, &c. The apparatus for teaching purposes now in the possession of the College may be classified as under ;- .'

1. Casts, models, copies, art works, modelling stands, &c., for School of Design.

II. Chemical laboratory fittings, furnaces. &c. III. Physics, natl,lralphilosophy, &c., apparatus. IV. Mechanical, engineering, and architectural models. V. Lanterns and accessories, optical appliances, &c. VI. Anatomical models, physiological preparations, &c. VII. Mineralogical specimens, fossils, &c. VIII. Maps. diagrams. and general accessories for classes and

lectures. IX. Specimens of manufactured goods and raw material,.consisting

of art pottery, examples of wood carv'ing, samples of wool, silver, &c.

Mr. Thomas Twining, one of the best authorities on Technical Educa- An Organiz . . h' II S . r h Pl' Md' . r • • . National S, tlOn, In IS clence lOr t e eop e; a emoran um on various means lor propagatmg Education.'

scientific and practical knowledge among the working classes and for thus promoting their physical, technical, and social improvement," addressed to Lord Henry Gordon

-,'-':',

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20

Lennox, M.P.,:Chairman of the Council of the Society of Arts, in 1870, makes the . following remarks which are now as applicable to the secondary educational institutions

of this Colony as they were ten years ago to those of Great Britain :-" A n~tional scheme of education, founded on data supplied from all parts by all parties, and

, elaborated by the collective wisdom of our ablest economists, would show wha~ insti­tutions of various kinds and degrees are required for securing our industrial progress in all its departments, and how they should be organized and conducted from an over­looking centre in order to requite with success the exertions or pecuniary aid of their originators and promoters. Thus, existing institutions would be gradually induced to purge themselves of incongruities, profiting as well as the new ones by the prescrip­tions of authoritative experience, and all would fall by degrees into the regular rank of a definite educational hierarchy."

Necessity ior Tech- In the preface to a work recently issued by the "City and Guilds of nical Education •.

.' Teaching required by Artizans. Appendix V.

I.;.ondon Institute for the Advancement of Technical Education," dated May of the present year, its Council remarks :-" There can be no doubt that England is awakening none too soon to the importance of educating with special reference to their future careers those who are to be engaged in industrial operations. In every walk in life it may be assumed that the success of the individual depends quite as much on the character and extent of his special technical training as on his earlier and more genet:al education. In certain professions this truth has been long since recognized, in others it has only now begun.to be understood; but it is adtnitted on all sides that the future development of the trade and commerce of this country will greatly depend on the success of the- efforts that are being made to provide efficient Technical Schools and Colleges in which primary and secondary education may be adequately supplemented .. Both here and abroad it is generally felt that the old apprenticeship system is no longer sufficient to make operatives fully conversant with the' mysteries' of their craft. The introduction of machinery into nearly every branch of industry has greatly changed the character of the relationship between the master and his apprentice; and the application of science to industrial operations has in not a few cases transferred from the foreman or work's manager to the practical science teacher the key to those mysteries, and has rendered necessary for workmen of every grade a different kind of training from that which was considered sufficient not many years ago."

Regularly equipped Trade. Schools couid not be formed without great expense to the Colony; but Technical Classes for giving practical instruction to masons, bricklayers, turners, tailors, pattern makers, moulders, printers, and other workmen similar to those on the curriculums of the. London Artizans' Institute, and the South London Working Men's College, would be of great service to apprentices and operatives in a new Colony. The' Council of the 'City and Livery Companies Institute of London, have recently resolved to subsidize a number of institutions giving practicG!.l. instruction to those engaged in many important industries in the Mother Country.

The samples of W ool1e~s and Tweeds shown at the Sydney Inter-Weavin?, Schools. • 1 Append.x U. natlOna Exhibition, prove that excellent articles from Australian fieeces can now be

manufactured in the Colonies, but in order to progress with the times, technical classes for weavers, dyers, and designers are needed in t.he neighbourhood of, factories similar to those in the appended description of the Huddersfield Mechanics' Institute, and other Weavers' !::ichools recently founded or largely subsidized by tfle Clothmakers' Company, and other bodies in the United Kingdom. .

Recommendations. As the Sydney Technical College now numbers its students by hundreds itisevident that its formation has supplied a great want in the community, and the results from the classes prove that good work has been already done both by the lecturers and scholars. In view of the foregoing considerations, the committee there­fore respectfully submit the following recomtnendations for the consideration of the -Honorable the Minister of Public· Instruction, with the view of ensuring the permanence . of the Working Men's College and extending technical education by means of the other Mechanics' Institutes of the Colony:-

I. That, in order to secure unity and. co-ordination in the Educational Institutions of the Colony, it is recommended that Technical Education be administered in connection with the teaching ~.·~ •• :..ln..l +,,~ 1", "hI> "Pl1hlir. Tn~trnction Act of 1880."

J

es the tutions ational :s, and t insti­·ogress 1 over­.f their Iced to escrip­.r rank

liids of of the

:kening future

~ in life on the

5eneral others

: future on the

ols and !lented. , longer .• The hanged :nd the d from ) those kind of·

lt great :tion to 1 other Ite, and rentices npanies :itutions

in the

. Inter­now be 1 classes ; similar tte, and .makers'

undreds and the by the

e there-I of the nanence' leans of

'cational echnical teaching 0."

II. That, as the requ(r<:!meilts of the Technical College are con:' stantly increasing and necessitate an assured subsidy, an annual grant of not less than £2,500 should be provided for the present by Act of Parliament-in the same way as the endowment to the Sydney University-towards pay­ment of lecturers, teachers, and other expenses, in imparting scientific instruction at tlle Working Men's College.

III. That, in future the country Mechanics' Institutes should be subsidized £ 1 for every £1. subscribed, on condition that not . less than one-half the amount so granted be expended on evening science and art classes and popular lectures of an educational character.

IV, That the Technical College and country Mechanics' Institutes should be utilized for educational classes during the day­time when considered desirable, and that the services of any lecturers and teachers now employed of an evening be availed of for giving such instruction.

V. That, in order that students living in localities in which there are no evening science and art classes may have an oppor­tunity of availing themselves of the advantages of the Technical College, suburban stationmasters should be em­powered to allow them the same privilege of travelling free to the City as already granted to children going to and coming from the Public Schools.

VI. That, in order to meet the growing requirements of the Tech­nical College, additional accommodation should be provided by resuming the land and buildings shown on the plans marked Appendices C and D.

VII. That the theatre or large hall of the Sydney School of Arts be leased by the Government at the rate of £1,000 per annum; for the purpose of delivering courses of Popular Science Lectures of an evening, illustrated with the valuable apparatus belonging to the Technical College, and so that the senior scholars attending the Public Schools, and the workirig classes may be admitted free of charge.

.'

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22

The following is a Balance Sheet of the Technical College for the last Half-Year. An Estimate of the Probable Expenditure for the, present Half-Year and for 1882 is submitted for the approval of the Minister of Public Instruction:-

Tbe Treasurer in J1ccount {}urrent witb tbe .1'ecbnical or 1{)orkin~ Men's

{}olle~eJ in connection wi:tb tbe Sfdnef Mecbanic/ Scbool of J1rtsJ from

1st :Janua7 to 30tb :June, 1881.

CR. 1881. £ s; d. £ s; d. To Balance in Bank,-31st

Dec"1880 622 5 1 " Cash, 31st Dec., 1880 1 10 0

623 15 1 "Government Aid to-

wards expenses to June 30th, 1881... 650 0 0

" Class Fees to 30th June, 1881 377 15 1

" Receiptsfrom'Lectures 30 9 6 " Sundry Creditors .,. 273 4 0

£1,951> 3 8

11th July, 1881.

DR. 1881. By Sundry Creditors, to

31st Dec., 1880 ... " Fees Paid to Teachers " Apparatus Account ... " Fittings, Furniture, &c " AdvertismgandPrint-

ing " Lecture Expenses " Lighting "Stationery .•. " Salaries " Petty Expenses " Repolrs " Prizes to' Library " Allowance to Teachers " Rates " Rent· " Interest on Portion of

Mortgage ... ·(;f ... •

£ s. d. £ s. d.

241 8 3 377 15 1

224 811 227 3 3

115 5 9 88 12 0 18 5 4 5 1 2

122 6 8 17 2 0

1 17 6 13 17 9

7 6 6 94 17 6 19 0 0 65 10 0

51 4 0 1,071 18 5

466 17 9

202 15 10

"Bal~~-·i~ Bank of New South 'Vales on 30th June, 1881

" Less Cheques Drawn, 7th July (charged above)

264 1 11

£1,955

Bank Balance, as abOve 264 1 11 Liabilities, as per contra 273 4 0

-Nil. Available Balance ... ===

3

F. J, THOMAS,

HonoranJ Treasurer.

8

the last aIf-Year-In:-

Estimate oj Probable Expenditure on Aooount oj the Teohnioal Oo/lege, in oon-Men's: neotion . with the Sydney Meohanios' School oj Arts,. for the Half-Year

from ending 31st Deoember, 1881, and jor the Year ending 31st Deoember, 7882.

Rolf·Year ending Year ending

DR. 31st December, 1881. 3l1t December, 1882.

£, S. d ..

241 8 S. £ s. d. £ s. d •.

:377 15 1 Ap~tus ... 250 0 0 500 0 0

Fittings, Furniture, &c. 100 0 0 200 0 0

Advertising and Printing 120 0 0 300 0 0

Lecture Expenses 100 0 0 200 0 0

Lighting ... 20 0 0 1)0 0 0

Stationery ... • ~_. 4 .~ ••• ," 15 0 0 30 0 0

Salaries HiO 0 0 300 0 0

Petty Expenses ... 10 0 0 20 0 0

Repairs 10 0 0 20 0 0

071 is 5· PriZes 20 0 0 50 0 0

Library 20 O. 0 60 0 0

Allowance to Teachers 50 0 0 500 O' 0

:Municipal Rates and Taxes 19 0 0 38 O. 0 26.4 III

Rent of Leasehold anel other Premises ... mhq:lj 65 0 0 130 0 0 .955 3 8

... "~. Interest on Proportion of Mortgage on School of Arts Builclings 51 0 0 102 0 0

£1,000 0 0 £2,500 0 0

"reaStLTer ...

: ...... .

R&TUR.li OP THE NUMBER OP STUDE."'TS E.,!(TER.ED FOR EACH COURSE AT THE TECHNICAL OR WORltING :MEN'S, COLLEGE, AT THE SYDNEY llbClIANICS'- SCHOOL OF ARTS, DURING THE YEAn ,1878.

CLASS. ,1st 2nd 3rd 4th Total. Quarter. Quarter. Qu:>.rter. Quarter.

French (Lndies) ••• '. 28 19 17 20 74 ... . .. Grammar ••• ... . .. ... 3 4 7 1 15

Elocution ••. ... ... . .. 7 4 5 1 17 "

Writin~ and Arithmetic ••• ... 41 49 69 47 206 '

.Architectural Drawing ... . .. 15 10 8 '" 23

lll:o.thematics ... . ,. ., . 13 6 7 . .. . 26

Chemistry ... ... ., . 19 12 6 ,14, 51

Shorthand .. , ... ... 5 10 9 9 33

CiVil Service Examination ••• ... 2 8 9 4 23

Lndies' Drawing ..• ... ... 4 10 14 12 40 ..

Survey ... ... ... ... '" '" 8 7 15 .. ,-

Mechanical Drawing ... ... 13 20 14 15 62

Total . ,. ... ... 140 11>2 173 130 595

"

RETURN SHOWING THE NunBER OF SWDE.,!(TS ENTERED POR'EACH COURSE AT TH'E TECHNICAL OR WORKING MEN'S COLLEGE DURING THE YEAn 1879 •

...

CLASS. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Total. Quarter. Quarter. Quarter. Quarter.

.. . , .. Practical Chemistry ... ... 9 n !O 18 48

Civil Service Examination ... 7 9 5 3 24

Ladies' Drawing ..• ... . .. 16 14 15 11 56 ..

Architectural Drawing ... . .. 3 5 13 14, 35

Freehand Drawing ... ... '" '" 39 '" 39 --

Mechanical Drawing ... ... 14 16 19 14, 63 .,. ,

Elocution ••• ... ... . .. 3 2 4 5 14,

English Literature '" ... ... .. . 29 '" 29

French . ... ... . .. . .. 20 14, 15 18 67

Latin ... ... . ... 0" 12 8 8 .' . 28

Mathematics ... ... .. . '" '" 16 '" 16

1'>fechanics and Steam Engine ... ... '" 26 '" 26

Photography . ... ... ... '" .,. 16 . .. 16

Reading and Grammar .,. .,. 2 6 6 5 19

Shorthand ... ... ... 8 4 9 9 30

Geodesy a.nd Survey ... . .. n 10 13 11 45

Writing and Arithmetic ••• ... 32 41 39 37 149

Total .. , ... .... 137 140 282 I 145 103

,.

::\'3

UnUM I)F TRE NUltBER OF STUDE.,(TS ENTERED FOR EACH COURSE AT TilE TECHNICAL OR WORKING DrE.."·S COLLEGE, DURING TilE YEAR 1880. .

l CLASS. I 1~ 2nd 3rd 4th Total. I , Quarter. Quarter. Quarter. Quarter.

Shol·thand ... ... ... 9 9 10 16 44

Chemistry ... ... ... 1 30 15 6 58

. .Architectural Drawing ." ... 18 16 ~3 21 18 ''l''

Freehand Drnwing ... . .. 31 31 42 45 149

I Te1egrnphy 4 5 4 6' 19 ., .. ... . .. Elocution ... ... ... . .. 14 10 15 10 49

English Grnmmar ... ... 9 10 18 I 17 54

Lntin ... .. , ... .. . 12 5 I 8

I 10 35

Writing and Arithmetic ... ... 42 54 i 82 SO 264

'.

! French ... . .. ... ... 12 21 32 34 99

1fechanical Drawing ... . .. 9 13 9 15 46 ..

Ladies' Drnwing ... ... ... 1 11 6 12 36

German ... ... ... ... I> 5 4 5 19

I Geodesy ... 12 1 . '2 21

.Applied Mechanics 6 6

I Physiology 35 35

I Domestic Economy 3 3 I

I Mathemntics 4 9 6 19

Natural Philosophy 2 2

De.sign 5

Italian 3 3 6

Tutal 179 282 2!J3 293 1047

Numbe,' of Ladies who attended Course of Lectures on Cookery 151

j

•. ,'-<A.....

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1.1 O 0: 0 tJ <.)

FIG 3

Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts PLAN TO ACCOMPANY STATISTICAL R£POR'r

I>1iOWINC PROCRE:.sS 0,. Tl-IE. INSTITUTION

I _._ 1 ~ .'IN_~" \

F'I C • 2 •

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PuWCMA.t:n:U II"t'SCHOOL. 0,. An.'I"a COHyc.tr.Tr.n fN'f'O LJ:,oTU"" ~u.. REBUILT ANR ~1'fL,ARCEs

1830. 1853. 1856. 18GI.

CROUHO L~II:D BUll-DittO LUr.C.TCD

GROUND PuRCHAaCD

OR'<;''1''''' HA"' .. CO ..... "'IlT"'g 'N,.O RJ:ADltUl ROOM

1835 1806 1845

1856

Sydney Mec.hanics' School of Arts PL.AN TO .ACCOMPANY STATISTICAL.

RE:.PORT 1881

__ *;: 4'4¥¥4¥cl&# -------­._----_.- -------.

PRESCNT E:I.JO:YATION l\:.ftItOTCD TO STIt""" Al.iCrcMCNT .N ,.~ortT 0 .. OH"Pr.L AND O'I.I<;&""L SCHOOL 0 ... AP<T8'

'OPEN':D rE& 2S!~

INTC;'JOIII R"MOEltI.LED

UI60 1861 1879

LIBRARY,

J READING ROOM.

1

COLLEGE HAJ.L.

--. LABORATORY. LADIES READING ROOM.

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Sydney Mechanics

School of Arts

ApPENDIX

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PLAN TO Acce

STATISTICAL

1881

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