Workforce Management Issues A discussion of best practices EEI TD&M Conference Charlotte, NC April 19, 2004.

Workforce Management IssuesWorkforce Management Issues

A discussion of best practices

EEI TD&M ConferenceCharlotte, NCApril 19, 2004

2

Outages per shift

Staffing per shift

Outage restoration remains a key concern in workforce management

Best practice includes some insightful analyses

Outage restoration remains a key concern in workforce management

Best practice includes some insightful analyses

Pareto (80/20) analysis

CAIDI by time of day

CAIDI by phases of work

CAIDI by concurrent jobs

CAIDI by geography

3

Most utilities staff troublemen to cover all but the worst 12-18 days

They plan to cover the worst days by utilizing additional resources

Most utilities staff troublemen to cover all but the worst 12-18 days

They plan to cover the worst days by utilizing additional resources

Number of outages in one area per shift per day

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1 14 27 40 53 66 79 92 105

118

131

144

157

170

183

196

209

222

235

248

261

274

287

300

313

326

339

352

Days other than official 'storm' days

Out

ages

70 days with no outages

Average: 2 outages/shift/day

27 days with 6 or more outages

Staffing: Enough to handle as much as 7 outages per shift per day in this area

Illustrative

4

Region 1’s staffing can be adjusted to fit the workloadRegion 1’s staffing can be adjusted to fit the workload

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Jo

bs

1

15

29

43

57

71

85

99

11

3

12

7

14

1

15

5

16

9

18

3

19

7

21

1

22

5

23

9

25

3

26

7

28

1

29

5

30

9

32

3

33

7

35

1

Days

3rd Shift

2nd Shift

1st Shift

Region 1 Outages Per Shift Per Day

Days with no outages:

1st 2nd 3rd 30 70 180

Average outages/ shift/ day:

1st 2nd 3rd3 2 1

Days with 6 or more outages: 1st 2nd 3rd 60 30 2

Staffing needed to have less than 18 days (5%) with

jobs that must wait:1st 2nd 3rd

3 3 2

5

Queuing theory says 2 crews are needed to serve 4 jobs per shift

In order to have only a less than 5 percent chance a job must wait

Queuing theory says 2 crews are needed to serve 4 jobs per shift

In order to have only a less than 5 percent chance a job must wait

10%15%

25%

33%

42%

50%

60%

3% 5%8% 10%

14%

1% 2% 3%0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Ch

ance

th

at a

job

will

wai

t

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

32

1

Jobs per shift

Crews per shift

Based on 90 minute average restoration time without queuing, with Poisson arrival and exponential service time

At 4 jobs per shift, need 2 crews to have only 5% chance that a

job will wait

6

The ‘CAIDI killers’ drive non-storm CAIDI

250 of 6600 outages cause 48 of the 90 minutes

The ‘CAIDI killers’ drive non-storm CAIDI

250 of 6600 outages cause 48 of the 90 minutes

Non-Storm Outages

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0%

5%

10

%

15

%

20

%

25

%

30

%

35

%

40

%

45

%

50

%

55

%

60

%

65

%

70

%

75

%

80

%

85

%

90

%

95

%

10

0%

% of total outage jobsexcludes storms, events w ith 0 customer minutes and events w ith durations <5 minutes

Co

ntr

ibu

tio

n t

o C

AID

I (m

inu

tes

)

250 of 6600 outages

or 4 percent

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Outage workload varies considerably by time of day, but...Outage workload varies considerably by time of day, but...

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Ou

tag

es

Mid

nite 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10

11

No

on 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10

11

Outages by Start Time of Outage

8

...CAIDI is more level, although some problem areas exist

At change to 2nd shift, midnight, and pre-dawn

...CAIDI is more level, although some problem areas exist

At change to 2nd shift, midnight, and pre-dawn

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

CA

IDI (

Min

ute

s)

Mid

nite 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10

11

No

on 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10

11

CAIDI by Start Time of Outage

9

It’s important to know which phase of the work is driving CAIDIIt’s important to know which phase of the work is driving CAIDI

Problem/Opportunity

• Inaccurate casing can waste resources, sending troublemen to the wrong site

• Manual casing can lag behind in storms, delaying dispatch

• Alarms can assist in knowing when a breaker or major recloser is locked out

• Certain outage data is not available (casing time, drive time, dispatch time, etc.)

Repair & restore

Repair dispatch

Switch & restore

Patrol & diagnose

Drive time

Trouble dispatch

Outage analysis

Potential Solution

• Our interviews indicated this is not a problem here

• The new outage management system will help automate casing

• Many stations have nothing more than a station alarm for any cause. Specific alarms would help

• Technology improvements like AMR, new OMS, and mobile data will provide new data

10

Region 1 CAIDI suffers when jobs pile up in the 2nd shiftRegion 1 CAIDI suffers when jobs pile up in the 2nd shift

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

CA

IDI (

min

ute

s)

1 2 3 4 5

Jobs Outstanding

1st Shift

3rd Shift

2nd Shift

Region 1 CAIDI

2nd shift has a problem with more than 3

concurrent jobs

11

NEW JERSEY

PHILADELPHIA

TRENTON

CAMDEN

READING

WILMINGTON

CHERRY HILL

BRICK TOWNSHIP

LEVITTOWN

EAST BRUNSWICK

CHESTER

WILLINGBORO

PENNSAUKEN

EWING

NORTH BRUNSWICK TOWNSHIP

NORRISTOWN

76

195

176

495

476

95

295

276

295

95

95

676

76

9

30

222

30

40

130

322

1

206

322

206

202222

9

202

422

13

1

30B

422 130

2

13

13B

322

Many of the CAIDI killers are in the 13kV ‘ring’ around the cityMany of the CAIDI killers are in the 13kV ‘ring’ around the city

Red - 3 to 10 Outages Dark Blue = 2 Outages Yellow = 1 Outage

(Based on CAIDI killer outages per substation mapped by zipcode)

Especially some of the substations just west of the Schuylkill and just

north of downtown

Especially some of the substations just west of the river and just north

of downtown

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Questions and answersQuestions and answers

Daniel E. O’Neill | Director

[email protected]

404-816-5647