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Workforce Labor Trends, Demands, and Forecasts in the Lower-Cost Marketplace

Jan 17, 2017

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Page 1: Workforce Labor Trends, Demands, and Forecasts in the Lower-Cost Marketplace
Page 2: Workforce Labor Trends, Demands, and Forecasts in the Lower-Cost Marketplace

US Annual Plant CAPX Construction Starts 2010 – 2015 (USD bn)

$109$147 $163

$140$185 $177

$0

$50

$100

$150

$200

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

USD

 Billions

• Industrial CAPX Annual Project Starts value is up 62% from 2010. The number of projects being executed has almost doubled from 2010 – up 82.4% with 3,861 projects starting in 2015. 

• Although oil prices have had an impact on the upstream markets, cheap gas is the primary driver behind today’s CAPX investments.

• In 2015, $177 bn in large CAPX project started construction representing a realization rate of 55%. 

• The current wave of industrial CAPX investments is concentrated in the Energy & Chemical sectors

27%

28%8%

37%

Oil & Gas Midstream Power Chemical All Others

28%

20%14%

38%28%

29%10%

33%

2,117

2,5402,420

2,633

3,341 3,861

201563%

201462%

201367%

Midstream includes: Gas Processing, LNG Export and Micro Scale, GTL and NGL.All others include: Ind. Mfg., Food & Bev, Pulp & Paper, Pharma, Metals & Minerals 

Historical Spending Trends

Page 3: Workforce Labor Trends, Demands, and Forecasts in the Lower-Cost Marketplace

$25.69

$28.95

$16.22

$26.23

$35.68

$39.41

$74.34 $69.01

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

$140

$160

$180

$200

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

West Coast

Southwest

Southeast

Rocky Mountains

Northeast

New England

Midwest

Mid Atlantic

Great Lakes

Grand Total

Annual U.S. Industrial CAPX Construction Starts 

• (1) Industrial CAPX construction has built up in the Southwest Region representing approximately 40% of the country’s investments in 2014 and 2015. The majority of the investments being made in Texas ($49bn in 2015) and Louisiana ($12.5bn in 2015). 

• (2) 2012 was a pivotal year leading into labor shortages for the country. The execution of Nuclear projects at Summer & Votgle stations and the launch of Cheniere’s Sabine Pass LNG Trains 1 & 2.

USD

 Billions

2

1

2

Historical Spending Trends

Page 4: Workforce Labor Trends, Demands, and Forecasts in the Lower-Cost Marketplace

The U.S. mega‐projects are creating a wave of labor constraints. The US Gulf Coast region has gone from an average of (2) billion dollar projects per year to (10) billion dollar projects in 2014 and in 2015.

Annualized U.S. Labor Demand Hours for Industrial CAPX

47 48 53 59 6674

58 6472 72

80

92255

274

308 312

349

407

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Millions OPERATOR

INSTRUMENTINSULATORPAINTINGSCAFFOLDINGELECTRICIANBOILERMAKERMILLWRIGHTIRONWORKERCARPENTERPIPEFITTERWELDERTotal

Historical Craft Labor Hours (CAPX)

Page 5: Workforce Labor Trends, Demands, and Forecasts in the Lower-Cost Marketplace

© 2016, Industrial Info Resources, Inc.,  2277 Plaza Drive Suite 300, Sugar Land, Texas 77479

Labor demand in 2016 will increase by 8% as mega‐projects reach peak construction over the next two years. IIR expects 2018 to 2020 to be lower demand years as current economics do not support the continuation of sector build outs occurring around the country. 

59 6674 80 84

69

72

80

92104

82

55

312

349

407

440420

335

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Millions

OPERATOR

INSTRUMENT

INSULATOR

PAINTING

SCAFFOLDING

ELECTRICIAN

BOILERMAKER

MILLWRIGHT

IRONWORKER

CARPENTER

PIPEFITTER

WELDER

Total

Forecast

U.S. Forecast for Labor Hours (CAPX)

Page 6: Workforce Labor Trends, Demands, and Forecasts in the Lower-Cost Marketplace

$4.6$3.3

$1.8$2.9

$1.8 $1.5 $1.5$2.4

$3 $5

$16

$18 $21$20

$12 $9

$10.8 $10.7

$9.5

$8.3 $6.1$6.3

$5.5$7.1

$19 $20

$28

$30$29

$28

$19 $19

$0

$5

$10

$15

$20

$25

$30

$35

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

TIV

Billion

s

U.S.A.*04*Natural Gas Liquids

U.S.A.*04*LNG

U.S.A.*04*Crude Petroleum &Natural Gas

U.S.A.*03*N/G Pipelines

U.S.A.*02*Petroleum Storage

Grand Total

Midstream Production Breakdown

Page 7: Workforce Labor Trends, Demands, and Forecasts in the Lower-Cost Marketplace

7

The Gulf Coast Region poses the highest threat of labor constraints than any other region of the country during 2016 and 2017. The challenges lie in Texas Zones of Houston and Corpus, & Lake Charles LA. 

118mm to 192mm Hours 40mm to 

118mm Hours

16mm to 40mm Hours

16mm to 40mm Hours

Page 8: Workforce Labor Trends, Demands, and Forecasts in the Lower-Cost Marketplace

The graph above compares current industrial labor demand forecast to industrial craft labor supply.  Supply and Demand statistics are based on twelve crafts that represents Electricians, Welders, Instrumentation Techs, Insulators, Iron Workers, Operators, Pipefitters, Scaffold Builders, Millwrights, Boilermakers, Carpenters and Painters.

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020Industrial Labor Demand (Union + Non‐Union) 67,278 90,332 91,587 95,189 94,683 71,695 65,978Industrial Labor Supply (Union + Non‐Union) 74,312 76,288 76,950 77,230 78,823 80,104 81,392Utilization Rate Upper Estimate (%) 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 91%REAL Utilization Rate (%) 97% 100% 100% 100% 100% 96% 87%Utilization Rate Lower Estimate (%) 93% 100% 100% 100% 100% 91% 83%

97% 100% 100% 100% 100%96%

87%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

 ‐

 10,000

 20,000

 30,000

 40,000

 50,000

 60,000

 70,000

 80,000

 90,000

 100,000

% Utilization

Peop

le

People Required ‐ Supply, Demand & Utilization (Union + Non‐Union)

USGC Labor Supply and Demand AssessmentAll Gulf Coast Zones

Page 9: Workforce Labor Trends, Demands, and Forecasts in the Lower-Cost Marketplace

Utilization rates for craft labor, the coastal regions from Brownsville, Texas, to Lake Charles, Louisiana, will be in short supply over the next 5 to 7 years. 

Those areas highlighted in red indicate labor shortages or tight situations where utilization rates exceed 75%. Quality of work starts to diminish at 75% utilization. 

Travelers will migrate from northern Texas regions or from Mexico to satisfy demand in Brownsville and Corpus Christi, then from eastern coastal regions such as Baton Rouge, New Orleans and Lafayette, and possibly from Mississippi to populate the Lake Charles and Beaumont areas.

Low 0 ‐ 59%Medium 60 ‐ 74%High 75%+

Utilization Rates by Region and Year

Region 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020LA‐01 Lafayette 21% 14% 18% 16% 15% 17%

LA‐02 Baton Rouge 72% 70% 79% 71% 66% 59%

LA‐03 New Orleans 66% 98% 85% 90% 72% 70%

LA‐06 Lake Charles 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

MS‐01 Pascagoula 64% 53% 54% 100% 100% 100%

MS‐02 Jackson 100% 62% 38% 48% 49% 55%

MS‐03 Greenville 84% 86% 76% 85% 83% 90%

TX‐04 Brownsville 79% 49% 100% 100% 100% 100%

TX‐05 Corpus Christi 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

TX‐07 Houston 100% 100% 100% 100% 84% 68%

TX‐10 Beaumont 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

USGC Labor Supply and Demand AssessmentAll Gulf Coast Zones

Page 10: Workforce Labor Trends, Demands, and Forecasts in the Lower-Cost Marketplace

People Required ‐ Supply, Demand & Utilization (Union + Non‐Union)

PEC_ZONE Description = GULF COAST (LA-01 + LA-02 + LA-03 + LA-06 + MS-01 + MS-02 + MS-03 + TX-04 + TX-05 + TX-07 + TX-10)

CraftBoilermaker

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

Carpenter

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Electrician

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Instrumentation Tech

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

Insulator Ironworker

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Millwright

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

Operator Painter

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Plumber + Pipefitter

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

Scaffold Builder Welder

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Page 11: Workforce Labor Trends, Demands, and Forecasts in the Lower-Cost Marketplace

2015 ended the year with a fallout rate of 50% of Total Investment Value (TIV). Fifty percent of what was proposed to start construction at the beginning of 2015, actually went to construction.

From 2014, IIR saw the 2015 labor demand growth rate increase by 32.14%. At peak, labor hour growth is expected to increase by 3.93% from 2016. (165.98 million hours in 2016 to 172.5 million hours in 2017). 

Wage rate changes over a 12 month period, the average wage rose slightly at 1.1% across the Gulf Coast. The average base wage rate for Louisiana increased by 1.5%, while Mississippi rose by 0.6% and Texas rose by 1.1% . 

11

1.5%

0.6%

1.1% 1.1%

0.0%0.2%0.4%0.6%0.8%1.0%1.2%1.4%1.6%1.8%

LA MS TX Gulf Coast Overall

Gulf Coast Zones– Percent Change 1Q2015 ‐ 1Q2016 Average Wage RatesNon‐Union Base Wages

USGC Labor Supply and Demand AssessmentAll Gulf Coast Zones

Page 12: Workforce Labor Trends, Demands, and Forecasts in the Lower-Cost Marketplace

© 2016, Industrial Info Resources, Inc.,  2277 Plaza Drive Suite 300, Sugar Land, Texas 77479

12

Mitigating Against Shortages and Wage Rate Inflation

Wage Enticements• Bonuses‐ Sign On and Job Completion• Incentives‐Milestone and Safety• Per Diem‐ 7 days, ½ the rate to locals and paying at an hourly rate.• Mentoring Pay‐ Offering extra pay to skilled craftsmen to train under skilled workers and helpers.

Shortage Mitigation• Improving job site experience‐ Better lunch and restroom accommodations, better parking and transportation to the job site

• Training‐ Classroom training on the job site, better crew mix for hands‐on training.• Recruiting‐ Increase recruiting centers that reach out to local high schools, college and military centers.

• Better coordination between the contractors‐ Understanding that the workforce is shared and it benefits everyone to keep the skilled labor working and have them mentoring less skilled personnel.

• Companies working with local and state agencies and colleges building training programs to meet

SPONSORED BYUSGC Labor Supply and Demand AssessmentAll Gulf Coast Zones