Work Sample How Big Was the Skull?
Work Sample How Big Was the Skull?. The Find I found a ground sloth tooth in Wilsonville, Oregon No other fossil material was located in that area It.
Jan 21, 2016
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Work Sample
How Big Was the Skull?
The Find• I found a ground sloth
tooth in Wilsonville, Oregon
• No other fossil material was located in that area
• It measures 22.70mm x 13.85mm
• The tooth is the third left tooth of a cranium from a Megatheriium ground sloth
http://www.fossil-treasures-of-florida.com/harlans-ground-sloth.html for the color photo of the toothB. J. Shaw: American Museum of Natural History specimen
Question
• Can I determine the size of the skull based on a single tooth?
• How could I do that?
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/impact13sec_deepimpact_hri.jpg
Hypothesis
• Develop a hypothesis about the outcome of your experiment based on your observations, reading, and experience
B. J. Shaw, American Museum of Natural History
Experimental Design
• Let’s figure this out together
• We need a plan• We need a data sheet• How will you analyze
these data?• Do we need to modify
our hypothesis?
B. J. Shaw, American Museum of Natural History
Collect Data
• You need to use calipers for taking precise measurements
• How to read a Vernier Scale (in mm)
Practice
• What is this measurement?
Practice
• What is this measurement?
• 8.65mm
http://www.southalabama.edu/physics/lab_setup/ph114_201/caliper%20(Small).jpg
Analyze Your Data
• Your data sheet should be an organized table for collecting the measurements
Analyze Your Data
• We discussed different ways of analyzing these data as part of our experimental design
• Is that still a good approach?– Does this make sense?
Skull Comparisons
0
50
100
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250
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350
400
450
500
Bra
dypu
s tr
idac
tylu
sC
abas
sous
unc
inct
usC
aton
yx ta
rijen
sis
Cho
loep
us d
idac
tylu
sC
holo
epus
hof
fman
ni
Das
ypus
nov
emci
nctu
sD
asyp
us n
ovem
cinc
tus
Das
ypus
nov
emci
nctu
s
Das
ypus
nov
emci
nctu
sD
asyp
us n
ovem
cinc
tus
Das
ypus
nov
emci
nctu
s
Das
ypus
nov
emci
nctu
sD
asyp
us n
ovem
cinc
tus
Das
ypus
nov
emci
nctu
sD
asyp
us n
ovem
cinc
tus
Das
ypus
nov
emci
nctu
s
Das
ypus
nov
emci
nctu
sD
asyp
us n
ovem
cinc
tus
Das
ypus
nov
emci
nctu
sD
asyp
us n
ovem
cinc
tus
Das
ypus
nov
emci
nctu
s
Das
ypus
nov
emci
nctu
sE
uphr
actu
s se
xcin
ctus
Glo
ssot
heriu
m c
hapa
dmal
ensi
s
Gly
ptod
on c
alvi
pes
Hol
mes
ina
sept
entr
iona
lis
Meg
alon
yxU
nide
ntifi
ed g
roun
d sl
oth
cran
ium
Uni
dent
ified
gro
und
slot
h cr
aniu
m
Uni
dent
ified
gro
und
slot
h cr
aniu
mU
nide
ntifi
ed g
roun
d sl
oth
cran
ium
Uni
dent
ified
gro
und
slot
h cr
aniu
m
Uni
dent
ified
gro
und
slot
h m
andi
ble
Uni
dent
ified
gro
und
slot
h m
andi
ble
Uni
dent
ified
gro
und
slot
h m
andi
ble
see
Tam
andu
a be
low
Myr
mec
opha
ga tr
idac
tyla
Pan
ocht
hus
tube
rcul
atus
Prio
dont
es m
axim
us
Sce
lidod
on
Tam
andu
a m
exic
ana
Did
elph
is v
irgin
iana
Did
elph
is v
irgin
iana
Did
elph
is v
irgin
iana
Did
elph
is v
irgin
iana
Did
elph
is v
irgin
iana
Did
elph
is v
irgin
iana
Did
elph
is v
irgin
iana
Tac
hygl
ossu
s ac
ulat
us
Species
Me
as
ure
me
nts
in m
m
CL
TW
ML
MF
Analyze Your Data
• How about a scatterplot, using an estimated least-squares line?– For those of you
working with 8th graders or advanced math students, you can have them calculate it
• Any other ideas for graphing?
Nine-Banded Armadillo Skulls
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Tooth Length in mmS
kull
Len
gth
in
mm
Conclusions
• Was your guess correct?
• What is the estimated skull length?
• If you have any unusual data, give an education guess what happened (most likely, human error)
Nine-Banded Armadillo Skulls
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Tooth Length in mmS
kull
Len
gth
in
mm
For This Lab…
• Produce an 8½ x 11” or larger “poster” of this experiment
• Introduction: Background on allometry and Xenarthrans
• List your citations
• Methods: Describe your experimental design (include your hypothesis)
• Results: Include a graph of your data
• Discussion: Was your prediction correct and what did you learn
Be Creative
Have Fun
What Did You Learn?
Include 5 Sections
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