CRICOS Provider No 00025B uq.edu.au uq.edu.au WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT, PARENTING AND QUALITY OF LIFE A Study Exploring Differences between Healthy and Chronically Ill Children and their Parents uq.edu.au uq.edu.au CRICOS Provider No 00025B Antonia Kish, Divna Haslam & Peter Newcombe School of Psychology The University of Queensland, Australia
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CRICOS Provider No 00025B uq.edu.auuq.edu.au
WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT, PARENTING
AND QUALITY OF LIFE
A Study Exploring Differences betweenHealthy and Chronically Ill Children
and their Parents
uq.edu.auuq.edu.auCRICOS Provider No 00025B
Antonia Kish, Divna Haslam & Peter Newcombe
School of PsychologyThe University of Queensland, Australia
CRICOS Provider No 00025B uq.edu.auuq.edu.au
STUDY AIMSExamine levels of:
• Work-family conflict (WFC)• Dysfunctional parenting• Child & parent Quality of Life (QoL)between samples of parents & children where the child has a chronic illness compared to samples of parents & children where the child has no illness (healthy controls).
CRICOS Provider No 00025B uq.edu.auuq.edu.au
WHY CHILD CHRONIC ILLNESS?• Prevalent in both Australian & Canadian children
• Australia: 2 in 5 (1.5 million)1
• Canada: ~ 500 0002
1ABS (2009), 2Canadian Institute of Child Health (2000), 3Shaw & Tanamas (2012), 4
Catanzariti et al. (2009), 5 Public Health Agency of Canada (2011), 6DIAMOND Project Group (2006), 8Robertson et al. (2004) 9
Australia: 10% of children, highest in
5 - 9 year olds1
Canada: at least 13%3
Australia: > 5,700, rate rising4
Canada: 26,000 (1-19 years), highest
rate in world5,6
Australia: 23% of 6-7 year olds; 16% of 13-14 year olds8
Canada: 12 to 25%9
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CHILD
• Physical, psychological, social & educational consequences1
• Quality of Life (QoL)2
PARENTS/CAREGIVERS
• Work/ career3 & financial costs4,5
• Parenting 6• Wellbeing/QoL7
SOCIETY
• Economy – costs of health services8
• Governments, local communities9
• Workplaces & businesses9
1Bakiet al. (2004), Chavira et al . (2004), Albano et al. (2003), Van Ameringen et al. (2003),2Shaw & Páez (2002) Peterson et al (2003), 3George et al. (2008a; 2008b) 4 Newacheck & Kim (2005) 5 Emerson (2003), 6Hatzmann, et al. (2008); Brehaut et al. (2009), 8Australian Institute of Health & Welfare (2014), 9Willcox (2014)
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PARENT EMPLOYMENT• Increase in number of dual-
earning families
– 58% in 2013; 40% in 1980s1
– 69% in 2014; 36% in 19762
• More women in the workplace3
– Australia: 40% in 1979 ➣53% in 20044
– Canada: 39% in 1976 ➣~73% in 20095
• High intensity lifestyle1Canstar Research (2013), 2Uppal, 2015, 3de Vaus (2009), 4ABS (2005), 5Statistics Canada (2010), 6Craig & Mullan (2013)
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Craig & Mullan (2013)
PAID WORK
DOMESTICWORK CHILDCARE
TOTALWORK
DADS Australia 7.48 1.74 1.28 10.51
USA 7.43 1.70 1.32 10.46
Italy 7.68 0.69 1.04 9.41
Denmark 6.25 1.86 1.53 9.64
France 5.95 1.67 0.84 8.45
MUMS Australia 2.01 4.71 4.11 10.83
USA 3.15 3.56 3.53 10.25
Italy 2.31 4.48 3.12 9.91
Denmark 3.45 2.65 3.10 9.20
France 2.32 3.71 2.65 8.68
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Work to family conflict (WFC)
Family to work conflict (FWC)
Work-family/life conflict
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WELLBEING
Mental & physical health,
sleep & life satisfaction1,2
FAMILY
Child mental health3;
parent-child interactions4
WORK
Job performance & satisfaction1,5,6
turnover intensions7,8
1Greenhaus, Allen & Spector (2006); 2 Kalliath, Hughes & Newcombe (2012), 3Strazdins, OBrien, Lucas & Rodgers (2013), 4 Cinamon, Weisel & Tzuk (2007); 5Hoobler, Hu & Wilson (2010); 6 Yanchus et al., 2010; 7Karatepe, Kilic & Isiksel (2008); 8Balmforth & Gardner (2006)
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Child Chronic Illness
Parent Employment
Parenting
Work-family/Family-work
Conflict
Parent & Child Parent & Child Quality of Life
(QoL)
Limitations
Methods & procedures used
Focus of research aims & questions
Established in research Little, but something known in researchUnknown
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PREDICTIONSParents of children with a chronic illness, compared to those of healthy children are predicted to report higher levels of work-family conflict & dysfunctional parenting
Chronically ill children & their parents, compared to healthy children and their parents predicted to report lower QoL
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Chronically Ill Children (n = 29)
HealthyChildren (n = 46)
GenderMale (fathers) 0 4
Female (mothers) 29 42Age 38.86 (8.87) 39.96 (5.15)Level of Education
Some high school 0 2Completed high school 0 6
Trade/technical college 10 12University degree 9 14