Port Development and Container Terminals
Port Development and Container Terminals
Port Development and Container Terminals
Introduction
Basic Considerations Current and Future Design Ship Berth Design Development in Quay Crane Technology Berth & Terminal Productivity Transfer and Yard Systems Terminal Layout Land and Connectivity to National Infrastructure
Port Development and Container Terminals
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
TEU
s '0
00 Historic
Low
Base
High
Historic 1,731
Low 2,227 3,143 4,075 4,887 7,667 12,031
Base 2,344 3,692 5,162 6,540 11,292 19,059
High 2,380 3,904 5,684 7,778 15,926 29,372
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2040
Traffic
Essential Parameters
Cargo
Design Ship
Port Development and Container Terminals
CROSS BORDER
CROSS BORDER
NATIONALHINTERLAND
TRANSHIPMENT
IMPORT
EXPORT
PORT RELATED
INDUSTRIES
Traffic Forecasting
Port Development and Container Terminals
Design Ship
Current maximum Future; what are the limitations? Mainline or Transhipment Terminal? Design Ship dimensions Laden draft
Navigation issues Berth design
Port Development and Container Terminals
Current Ships
Largest (Capacity) : MSC Pamela 9,200 TEULargest (Length) : Gudron Maersk 367mMaximum Beam : 18 box wide (45m)Maximum Draught : 15mSingle ScrewEngines less than 100,000 bhpPost Panamax nearly 30% of fleet by Capacity
Port Development and Container Terminals
Ships on order / under Construction
Post Panamax - 60% of new ordersSuper – Post PanamaxLloyd’s study - ULCS
HHI unveiled design for 13,000 TEUMaersk 15,000 TEU
- 405m x 55m x 17m- 110,000 bhp engine- advertised capacity 9000 TEU
Port Development and Container Terminals
Hull structure - Bending / Torsion Propulsion - Single / Twin screw Stack height - With / Without hatch covers Manoeuvrability - Wind on superstructure Design speed - ± 25 knots Operational limitations
Ship Design Issues
Port Development and Container Terminals
Operational Limitations
International Waterways Port Facilities
Suez Canal - Suezmax
Straits of Malacca - Malaccamax
Port Development and Container Terminals
Port Facilities Access Channel Basin
- Width- Depth- Stopping Distance- Turning Circle
Berth - Alongside Depth- Length
Crane - Outreach- Lift Capacity- Cope to Boom
Height
Port Development and Container Terminals
Navigation
Coastal/River Port Channel Geometry Tidal Window Environmental
Considerations Manoeuvrability
STOPPING DISTANCE, TURNING CIRCLE AND PLAN AT BEND
Port Development and Container Terminals
Berth Depth
Design Depth
- Future max draft - Underkeel clearance - Allow for over dredge
Accommodate ship with underkeel clearance at low water
Most hub terminals designing for – 18m or – 19m
Additional Capital Cost v Future proofing
Port Development and Container Terminals
DESIGN DEPTHEL-19.00
EL-16.00 DECLARED DEPTH
TIE
EL-16.00
EL-19.00
FOUNDATION LEVEL
±0.00 C.D.
DECLARED DEPTH
EL-16.00
EL-19.00 DESIGN DEPTH
TOE RESTRAINT(FIXITY)
TIED WALL GRAVITY WALL
DECLARED DEPTH
DESIGN DEPTH
SUSPENDED DECK
REVETMENTPILE TOE LEVEL
Design Considerations
Port Development and Container Terminals
Berth Alignment
Provides flexibility Can accommodate mix of ships Good crane utilization For hub optimum length may be 1200 m
Straight
Indented Drive-through
Port Development and Container Terminals
Ceres Terminal - Amsterdam
Port Development and Container Terminals
STS Quay Cranes Development ahead of shipping requirements 60 + m boom Increases in
- Productivity - Lift Capacity (120T)- Weight- Loading on crane rail- Rail gauge (30m to
45m)
±0.00
-16.00
>60m
30m
Port Development and Container Terminals
Berth Productivity
Quay length (M) 400 500
Yard size (ha) 20 25Exchange (Boxes) 2000 3300
40’ to 20’ Ratio 1.6 1.6
Crane (no) 4 5
Single Trolley √ √Twin Lift - √
Dual Cycle - √
Moves / hr 25 33
Berth capacity (teu/year) 640000 1,320,000
teu / m/ year 1,600 2,640Yard capacity teu / ha 32,000 52,800
8000 TEU
ULCS
P PP P
ULCS
P
ULCS
PP PP
8000 TEU ULCS
Port Development and Container Terminals
Berth Productivity
Further Improvements
7 cranes per ULCS Double Trolley Quad Lift 40 + crane moves / hr Block loading / unloading 300 berth moves / hr
Port Development and Container Terminals
Twin Lift
Port Development and Container Terminals
Horizontal Transfer
How to match crane productivity ? Tractor / Trailer (Single or Trailer Train) AGV (ECT Rotterdam & CTA Hamburg ) Mini straddle or shuttle carrier (SC) How to handle multiple lifts ?
- Import- Export
Port Development and Container Terminals
AGV
Port Development and Container Terminals
Shuttle Carrier
Port Development and Container Terminals
Yard Layout and Equipment Straddle Carrier
- Suits smaller or odd shaped Terminal Yard RTG
- Most used- Flexible – move between stacks- Generally 1 over 6 and 6 or 7+ 1 wide- 9 + 1 wide in Oslo - Full automation unsafe
RMG- Recent adoptions- Generally 1 over 6 and 9 wide- Full automation possible - Cantilever possible for side lift- Cost > RTG
Elevated Gantry Crane (SPA)
Port Development and Container Terminals
RTG
Port Development and Container Terminals
RMG
EXPO
RT
EXPO
RT
EXPO
RT
EXPO
RT
EXPO
RT
IMPO
RT
IMPO
RT
IMPO
RT
IMPO
RT
IMPO
RT
TRUCK DELIVERY /RECEIPT ZONE
SHUTTLE DELIVERY /RECEIPT ZONE
Port Development and Container Terminals
Yard Layout Options
RTG Blocks parallel to quay
RMG Blocks parallel / perpendicular to Quay
Road Vehicles - within stacks
- transfer bays at land end
Terminal Vehicles - within stacks
- shuttle to Buffer Zone
Port Development and Container Terminals
PORT
RING ROAD
CITYFREE ZONE
/CARGO VILLAGE
CFS
INLAND MANUFACTURING
/CONSUMER CENTRE
ICD
NATIONAL HIGHWAY
ROAD LINK
ICDINLAND MANUFACTURING
/CONSUMER CENTRE
SEA
The Port City
Port Development and Container Terminals
Land
Ports require large areas of land to support their operations- Container terminals - Port related industries- Free Zones, Cargo Villages, IPCs, Distribution Centres & Value-added Industries
Many ports trying to emulate Jebel Ali’s successThe options are
- Create new land by reclamation- Relocate the port to a greenfield site
Karachi has opted for the former with its Cargo Village
Port Development and Container Terminals
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