Women's Safety Armband - SFIT.CO.IN

i

Project Report on

Women’s Safety Armband

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

by

Yohann Abhang (ROLL NO. 02)

Pranoti Jangam (ROLL NO. 59)

Justin Varghese (ROLL NO. 74)

Under the guidance of

Ms. Snehal Lopes

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

St. Francis Institute of Technology, Mumbai

University of Mumbai

(2016-2017)

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ABSTRACT Rise in crimes against women and children require an advanced system to help defend and

alert the authorities. . The situation is of great concern and we need a system that would help

the victims not only to send an SoS but also gather evidence of the crime. We propose a

system initiated by the individual with an option of switch button and a fall detector to

activate the system. The armband would have a GSM/GPS interfaced with an ARM7. A

wireless camera for collecting images will also be incorporated. On the individual's

initiation, a live video is streamed to the Control room. A SoS message along with the

location is sent to a predefined Mobile Station until the system is reset. The change in

Longitude and Latitude is sent continuously; hence the person can be tracked. The system is

designed as an aid in a medical emergency.

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Chapter 1

Intr

Contents

oduction

1

1.1 Motivation…………………………………............................. 1

1.2 Problem Statement…………………………………………… 1

1.3 Methodology…………………………………………………. 1

1.4 Organization of project report…………………….………...... 1

Chapter 2 Literature Review 2

2.1 Literature review on…………………………………………. 2

2.1.1 Pepper spray……………………………………… 2

2.1.2 Taser……………………………………………… 3

2.1.3 Women’s safety Apps……………………………. 4

Chapter 3 Theoretical Background and Methodology 5

3.1 Theoretical background……………………………………… 5

3.1.1 Keil Microvision…………………………………. 5

3.1.2 Microcontroller and Peripherals ……………… 6

3.2 Methodology……………………………………………… 15

3.2.1 Implemented System…………………………… 15

3.2.2 Block Diagram…………………………………. 17

3.2.3 Flow Chart…………………………………….. 18

3.2.4 Circuit Diagram………………………………… 19

Chapter 4 Simulation and Experimental Results 21

4.1 Simulation results for………………………………………. 21

4.1.1 SoS Message……………………………………. 21

4.1.2 GPS location……………………………………. 22

4.1.3 Shock Sensor…………………………………… 23

4.1.4 Flex Sensor…………………………………….. 24

4.1.5 Stun Gun………………………………………. 25

4.1.6 Wireless video camera output…………………. 26

Chapter 5 Conclusion 27

5.1 Conclusion……………………………………………………. 27

5.2 Future Scope………………………………………………….. 27

References 28

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Appendix A Source Code 29

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Appendix B Timeline 38

Acknowledgement 39

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List of Figures

Figure No.

3.1

Figure Captions

ARM 7 Microcontroller

Page No.

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3.2 SkyNav SKG11B (GPS) 8

3.3 GSM SIM 300 9

3.4 Flex Sensor 0806ROHS 11

3.5 Sensitivity of Flex Sensor 12

3.6 Fall Detection Sensor 12

3.7 Wireless Camera 14

3.8 TV Tuner 15

4.1 Block Diagram (Transmitter) 17

4.2 Block Diagram (Receiver) 17

4.3 Flow Chart 18

4.4 Circuit Diagram 24

4.1 SoS message 21

4.2 GPS location 22

4.3 Shock sensor 23

4.4 Flex Sensor 24

4.5 Stun Gun 25

4.6 Wireless video camera output 26

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List of Abbreviations

Sr No.

1

Abbreviation

GSM

Full Form

Global System for Mobile Communication

2 GPS Global Positioning System

3 SOS save our Souls

4 SMS Short Message Service

5 MCU Microcontroller Unit

6 IDE Integrated Development Environment

7 UART Universal Asynchronous receiver transmitter

8 UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System

9 TTL Transistor Transistor Logic

10 SPI Stateful Packet Inspection

11 LNA Low Noise Amplifier

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Chapter 1

1.1 Motivation

Introduction

Women's security is of grave concern and a need of the hour. With the ever increasing crimes

on women and children, it was necessary to implement a security system that is defensive and

have features that could serve as evidential proof.

1.2 Problem Statement

The existing security system is lacking features like live recording. Also due to the inaccessible

nature of these systems it is clear that women’s security needs a new and innovative system.

1.3 Methodology

The project includes automatic and manual controls. The manual control comprises of a user

accessible switch which informs the registered GSM mobile number with the current GPS

location of the victim in danger. The same operations are provided by the automatic controls

such as twisting of the arm and by fall detection which are done by the flex sensor and shock

sensor. In both the cases, the video is streamed to the police control room which will serve as

evidence in legal proceedings

1.4 Organization of Project Report

Literature Survey: In the initial stages of the conceptualization of this project, we survey

the literature to study the work that has already been done in the field.

Methodology: Provides a brief explanation of the entire project.

Results: Reflects the results obtained in the project.

Conclusion: Presents the conclusion and future scope of the project

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Chapter 2

Literature Review

This chapter provides the review of various existing women safety systems

2.1 Literature Review on

2.1.1 Pepper spray

An aerosol spray containing oils derived from cayenne pepper, irritant to the eyes and

respiratory passages and used as a disabling weapon.[18]

Used in policing, riot control, crowd

control, against protesters, and personal self-defense, including defense against dogs and

bears. Its inflammatory effects cause the eyes to close, taking away vision. This temporary

blindness allows officers to more easily restrain subjects and permits people using pepper

spray for self-defense an opportunity to escape [18]

. It is legal to use in India and requires no

license for it use.

Components: The active ingredient in pepper spray is capsaicin, which is a chemical derived

from the fruit of plants in the Capsicum genus, including chilies. Extraction of oleoresin

capsicum (OC) from peppers requires capsicum to be finely ground, from which capsaicin is

then extracted using an organic solvent such as ethanol[18]

. The solvent is then evaporated,

and the remaining wax like resin is the oleoresin capsicum.

An emulsifier such as propylene glycol is used to suspend OC in water, and pressurized to

make it aerosol in pepper spray. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

method is used to measure the amount of capsaicin and major capsaicinoids within pepper

sprays.

Effects: Pepper spray is an inflammatory agent. It causes immediate closing of the eyes,

difficulty breathing, runny nose, and coughing. The duration of its effects depends on the

strength of the spray, but the average full effect lasts around thirty to forty-five minutes, with

diminished effects lasting for hours. The Journal of Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual

Science published a study that concluded that single exposure of the eye to OC is harmless,

but repeated exposure can result in long-lasting changes in corneal sensitivity. They found no

lasting decrease in visual acuity.

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The European Parliament Scientific and Technological Options Assessment (STOA)

published in 1998 "An Appraisal of Technologies of Political Control" with extensive

information on pepper spray and tear gas[18]

. They write:

The effects of pepper spray are far more severe, including temporary blindness which lasts

from 15–30 minutes, a burning sensation of the skin which lasts from 45 to 60 minutes, upper

body spasms which force a person to bend forward and uncontrollable coughing making it

difficult to breathe or speak for between 3 and 15 minutes.

Disadvantage: Due to the uncontrolled spray it has been noticed to affect the victim as well.

Usually inaccessible in situations of surprise and physical impairment for those with asthma,

taking other drugs, or subject to restraining techniques that restrict the breathing passages,

there is a risk of death. The Los Angeles Times reported in 1995 at least 61 deaths associated

with police use of pepper spray since 1990 in the USA. The American Civil Liberties Union

(ACLU) documented 27 people in police custody who died after exposure to pepper spray in

California since 1993. However, the ACLU report counts any death occurring within hours of

exposure to pepper spray. In all 27 cases, the coroner's' report listed other factors as the

primary cause of death, though in some cases the use of pepper spray may have been a

contributing factor.

2.1.2 TASER

It is an electroshock weapon sold by Taser International. It fires two small dart-like

electrodes, which stay connected to the main unit by conductors, to deliver electric current to

disrupt voluntary control of muscles causing "neuromuscular incapacitation”.[6]

Someone

struck by a Taser experiences over-stimulation of sensory nerves and motor nerves, resulting

in strong involuntary muscle contractions. Tasers rely on pain compliance, especially when

used in "Drive Stun" mode, and are thus preferred by some law enforcement over non-Taser

stun guns and other electronic control weapons.

Tasers were introduced as non-lethal weapons for police to use to subdue fleeing, belligerent,

or potentially dangerous people,[6]

who would have otherwise been subjected to more lethal

weapons such as firearms.

Functions: The Taser fires two small dart-like electrodes, which stay connected to the main

unit by conductive wire as they are propelled by small compressed nitrogen charges. The

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cartridge contains a pair of electrodes and propellant for a single shot and is replaced after

each use. There are a number of cartridges designated by range, with the maximum at 35 feet

(10.6 m). Cartridges available to non-law enforcement consumers are limited to 15 feet (4.5

m)

Disadvantages: Use of the taser has occasionally been associated with deaths. The Guardian

newspaper is running a database, The Counted, tracking US killings by police and other law

enforcement agencies in 2015. As of 6 November 2015, 47 deaths of the 965 killed were

classified as taser events.

Some of the deaths associated with Tasers are given a diagnosis of excited delirium, a term

for a phenomenon that manifests as a combination of delirium, psychomotor agitation,

anxiety, hallucinations, speech disturbances, disorientation, violent and bizarre behavior,

insensitivity to pain, elevated body temperature.

2.1.3 Women’s safety apps

It is a mobile application which can be used to aid personal safety. Such apps received

increased prominence in the media after the 2012 Delhi gang rape case and consequent

protests against "brutal rapes, molestation and mistreatment of women”. Technology,

including social and mobile tools, is playing an important role in improving overall personal

safety[7]

. These apps aim to keep users safe with technology enabled features like GPS, SMS,

alerts, alarms, and more. They can alert others that you need help, even if you're unable to

send an SOS yourself. [7]

Features: Most of these apps are free while few have paid premium features too. The apps

include various features, including sending text messages, e-mails, IMs, or even Tweets to

close friends (containing approximate location, audio snippets) or emitting a loud intermittent

"shrill whistle" in the manner of a rape alarm[7]

. Additional features include geofencing and

preventive alerts. Some apps allow customizing the alert message sent and the ringtone that

signals the reception of a new alert.

Disadvantages: It has been noticed that such apps are ineffective without modification. One

Indian media professional noted the vague location information and the sometimes

convoluted functionality[7]

, saying "You'd rather run away than [scroll to and] activate [the

app]."She suggested that developers incorporate functionality which doesn't rely on the

internet, because of the poor 3G connectivity in India in 2012.

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Chapter 3

Theoretical Background and Methodology.

3.1 Theoretical Background

3.1.1 Keil micro vision

Keil an ARM Company makes C compilers, macro assemblers, real-time kernels, debuggers,

simulators, integrated environments, evaluation boards, and emulators for

ARM7/ARM9/Cortex-M3, XC16x/C16x/ST10, 251, and 8051 MCU families. Keil

development tools for the 8051 Microcontroller Architecture support every level of software

developer from the professional applications engineer to the student just learning about

embedded software development[8]

. When starting a new project, simply select the

microcontroller you use from the Device Database and the µVision IDE sets all compiler,

assembler, linker, and memory options for you. Keil is a cross compiler. Compilers are

programs used to convert a High Level Language to object code. A cross compiler is similar

to the compilers but we write a program for the target processor (like 8051 and its

derivatives) on the host processors (like computer of x86). It means being in one environment

you are writing a code for another environment is called cross development. And the

compiler used for cross development is called cross compiler. So the definition of cross

compiler is a compiler that runs on one computer but produces object code for a different

type of computer [8]

.

It provides several development tools like

• IDE (Integrated Development environment)

• Project Manager

• Simulator

• Debugger

• C Cross Compiler, Cross Assembler, Locator/Linker

The Keil ARM tool kit includes three main tools, assembler, compiler and linker. An

assembler is used to assemble the ARM assembly program [8]

. A compiler is used to compile

the C source code into an object file. A linker is used to create an absolute object module

suitable for our in-circuit emulator.

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3.1.2 Microcontroller and Peripherals

In this sub topic elaboration of Microcontroller and peripherals are stated. The below given

are the list of peripherals and Microcontroller.

i. ARM 7 LPC2148(Microcontroller)

ii. SkyNav SKG11B(GPS)

iii. GSM SIM900

iv. Flex Sensor 0806ROHS

v. Fall Detector Sensor ADXL 345 Axis MEMS

vi. Wireless Camera & USB TV Tuner Card

vii. LCD

i. ARM 7 LPC2148(Microcontroller)[9]

Figure 3.1[11]

The LPC2141/42/44/46/48 microcontrollers are based on a 16-bit/32-bit ARM7TDMI-SCPU

with real-time emulation and embedded trace support, that combine the microcontroller with

embedded high-speed flash memory ranging from 32 kB to 512 kB. A 128-bit wide memory

interface and unique accelerator architecture enable 32-bit code execution at the maximum

clock rate. For critical code size applications, the alternative 16-bit Thumb mode reduces

code by more than 30 % with minimal performance penalty. Due to their tiny size and low

power consumption, LPC2141/42/44/46/48 are ideal for applications where miniaturization is

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a key requirement, such as access control and point-of-sale. Serial communications interfaces

ranging from a USB 2.0 Full-speed device, multiple UARTs, SPI, SSP to I2C-bus and on-

chip SRAM of 8 kB up to 40 kB, make these devices very well suited for communication

gateways and protocol converters, soft modems, voice recognition and low end imaging,

providing both large buffer size and high processing power. Various 32-bit timers, single or

dual 10-bitADC(s), 10-bit DAC, PWM channels and 45 fast GPIO lines with up to nine edge

or level sensitive external interrupt pins make these microcontrollers suitable for industrial

control and medical systems.

Key features

16-bit/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S microcontroller in a tiny LQFP64 package.

8 kB to 40 kB of on-chip static RAM and 32 kB to 512 kB of on-chip flash memory.

128-bit wide interface/accelerator enables high-speed 60 MHz operation.

In-System Programming/In-Application Programming (ISP/IAP) via on-chip boot

Loader software. Single flash sector or full chip erase in 400 ms and programming of

256 B in 1 ms.

Embedded ICE RT and Embedded Trace interfaces offer real-time debugging with the

on-chip Real Monitor software and high-speed tracing of instruction execution.

USB 2.0 Full-speed compliant device controller with 2 kB of endpoint RAM.

In addition, the LPC2146/48 provides 8 kB of on-chip RAM accessible to USB by

DMA.

One or two (LPC2141/42 vs. LPC2144/46/48) 10-bit ADCs provide a total of 6/14

analog inputs, with conversion times as low as 2.44 us per channel.

Single 10-bit DAC provides variable analog output (LPC2142/44/46/48 only).

Two 32-bit timers/external event counters (with four capture and four compare

channels each), PWM unit (six outputs) and watchdog.

Low power Real-Time Clock (RTC) with independent power and 32 kHz clock input.

Multiple serial interfaces including two UARTs (16C550), two Fast I2C-bus (400

kbit/s),

SPI and SSP with buffering and variable data length capabilities.

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Vectored Interrupt Controller (VIC) with configurable priorities and vector addresses.

Up to 45 of 5 V tolerant fast general purpose I/O pins in a tiny LQFP64 package.

Up to 21 external interrupt pins available.

60 MHz maximum CPU clock available from programmable on-chip PLL with

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On-chip integrated oscillator operates with an external crystal from 1 MHz to 25

MHz.

Power saving modes include Idle and Power-down.

Individual enable/disable of peripheral functions as well as peripheral clock scaling

for Additional power optimization.

Processor wake-up from Power-down mode via external interrupt or BOD.

Single power supply chip with POR and BOD circuits:

CPU operating voltage range of 3.0 V to 3.6 V (3.3 V 10 %) with 5 V tolerant I/O

pads.

ii. SkyNav SKG11B(GPS)

Figure 3.2

The SkyNav SKG11B is a complete GPS engine module that features super sensitivity, ultra

low power and small form factor [10]

. The GPS signal is applied to the antenna input of

module, and a complete serial data message with position, velocity and time information is

presented at the serial interface with NMEA protocol or custom protocol. It is based on the

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Features[10]

Ultra high sensitivity: -163dBm

Extremely fast TTFF at low signal level

Built in high gain LNA

Low power consumption: Typical [email protected]

NMEA-0183 compliant protocol or custom protocol

Operating voltage: 3.0V to 4.2V

Operating temperature range: -40 to 85

SMD type with stamp holes

Small form factor: 12x12.4x2.0mm

RoHS compliant (Lead-free)

iii. GSM SIM300

Figure 3.3[12]

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) is the most popular standard for

mobile telephony systems in the world. GSM is used by over 1.5 billion people across more

than 212 countries and territories. Its ubiquity enables international roaming arrangements

between mobile network operators, providing subscribers the use of their phones in many

parts of the world. GSM differs from its predecessor technologies in that both signaling and

speech channels are digital, and thus GSM is considered a second generation (2G) mobile

phone system.

This also facilitates the wide-spread implementation of data communication

applications into the system. GSM also pioneered low-cost implementation of the short

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message service (SMS), also called text messaging, which has since been supported on other

mobile phone standards as well. [13]

The standard includes a worldwide emergency telephone

number feature. GSM is a cellular network, which means that mobile phones connect to it by

searching for cells in the immediate vicinity. There are five different cell sizes in a GSM

network—macro, micro, pico, femto and umbrella cells. The coverage area of each cell varies

according to the implementation environment.

This is a plug and play GSM Modem with a simple to interface serial interface. Use it

to send SMS, make and receive calls, and do other GSM operations by controlling it through

simple AT commands from micro controllers and computers. It uses the highly popular

SIM300 module for all its operations. It comes with a standard RS232 interface which can be

used to easily interface the modem to micro controllers and computers.

The modem consists of all the required external circuitry required to start

experimenting with the SIM300 module like the power regulation, external antenna, SIM

Holder, etc.

GSM Carrier Frequencies

GSM networks operate in a number of different carrier frequency ranges (separated

into GSM frequency ranges for 2G and UMTS frequency bands for 3G), with most 2G GSM

networks operating in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands. [13]

Where these bands were already

allocated, the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands were used instead (for example in Canada and

the United States). In rare cases the 400 and 450 MHz frequency bands are assigned in some

countries because they were previously used for first-generation systems. Most 3G networks

in Europe operate in the 2100 MHz frequency band.

Regardless of the frequency selected by an operator, it is divided into timeslots for

individual phones to use[13]

. This allows eight full-rate or sixteen half-rate speech channels

per radio frequency. These eight radio timeslots (or eight burst periods) are grouped into a

TDMA frame. Half rate channels use alternate frames in the same timeslot. The channel data

rate for all 8 channels is 270.833 kbit/s, and the frame duration is 4.615 ms. The transmission

power in the handset is limited to a maximum of 2 watts in GSM850/900 and 1 watt in

GSM1800/1900.

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Features[13]

Uses the extremely popular SIM300 GSM module

Provides the industry standard serial RS232 interface for easy connection to

computers and other devices

Provides serial TTL interface for easy and direct interface to microcontrollers

Power, RING and Network LEDs for easy debugging

Onboard 3V Lithium Battery holder with appropriate circuitry for providing

backup for the modules’ internal RTC

Can be used for GSM based Voice communications, Data/Fax, SMS,GPRS and

TCP/IP stack

Can be controlled through standard AT commands

Comes with an onboard wire antenna for better reception.

Board provides an option for adding an external antenna through an SMA

connector

The SIM300 allows an adjustable serial baud rate from 1200 to 115200 bps

(9600 default)

Modem a low power consumption of 0.25 A during normal operations and

around 1 A during transmission

Operating Voltage: 7 – 15V AC or DC (board has onboard rectifier

iv. Flex Sensor 0806ROHS

Figure 3.4[14]

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Flex sensor is a 4.5” bendable substrate that gives higher resistance readings as it flexes to a

tighter radius. This 10 KΩ sensor has low power requirements for its output feedback. The

resistance can increase up to 5-times the base or flat state reading. Users can calculate the

degree of flexure or the bend radius using resistance. Common uses include measuring finger

traction, robotics and gaming. The low profile of the flex sensor allows it to wrap around

surfaces or to fit in tight spaces. With a life cycle of over 1 million flexes.

Figure 3.5[15]

Specifications

Life cycle: >1 million

Height: ≤ 0.43 mm (0.017")

Temperature range: -35°C to +80°C

Flat Resistance: 25K Ohms -Resistance

Tolerance: ±30%

Bend Resistance Range: 45K to 125K Ohms (depending on bend radius)

Power Rating : 0.50 Watts continuous. 1 Watt peak

v. Fall Detection sensor

Figure 3.6[14]

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The ADXL345 is a small, thin, ultralow power, 3-axis accelerometer with high resolution

(13-bit) measurement at up to ±16 g. Digital output data is formatted as 16-bit twos

complement and is accessible through either a SPI (3- or 4-wire) or I2C digital interface. The

ADXL345 is well suited for mobile device applications. It measures the static acceleration of

gravity in tilt-sensing applications, as well as dynamic acceleration resulting from motion or

shock. Its high resolution (3.9 mg/LSB) enables measurement of inclination changes less than

1.0. Several special sensing functions are provided. Activity and inactivity sensing detect the

presence or lack of motion by comparing the acceleration on any axis with user-set

thresholds. Tap sensing detects single and double taps in any direction. Freefall sensing

detects if the device is falling. These functions can be mapped individually to either of two

interrupt output pins. An integrated memory management system with a 32-level first in, first

out (FIFO) buffer can be used to store data to minimize host processor activity and lower

overall system power consumption. Low power modes enable intelligent motion-based power

management with threshold sensing and active acceleration measurement at extremely low

power dissipation.

FEATURES

Ultralow power: as low as 23 µA in measurement mode and 0.1 µA in standby mode

at Vs = 2.5 V (typical)

Power consumption scales automatically with bandwidth User-selectable resolution

Fixed 10-bit resolution

Full resolution, where resolution increases with g range, up to 13-bit resolution at ±16

g (maintaining 4 mg/LSB scale factor in all g ranges)

Embedded memory management system with FIFO technology minimizes host

processor load

Single tap/double tap detection

Activity/inactivity monitoring

Free-fall detection Supply voltage range: 2.0 V to 3.6 V

I/O voltage range: 1.7 V to Vs

SPI (3- and 4-wire) and I2C digital interfaces

Flexible interrupt modes map able to either interrupt pin

Measurement ranges selectable via serial command

Bandwidth selectable via serial command

Wide temperature range (−40°C to +85°C)

10,000 g shock survival

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Pb free/RoHS compliant

Small and thin: 3 mm × 5 mm × 1 mm LGA package

vi. Wireless Camera & USB TV Tuner Card

Figure 3.7[16]

Figure 3.8 [16]

Wireless A/V camera highly suitable for mounting on robots and getting video transmitted

wirelessly. With high receive sensitivity +18dB, Receive signal picture sound 0.9G/1.2G with

high quality output it is the most economical camera available.

Specification:

Wireless A/V camera high receive sensitivity +18dB, Receive signal picture

sound 0.9G/1.2G

Camera apparatus: 1/3 picture sensor

System: PAL

Validity pixel: PAL: 5.78x4.199mm

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Picture area: PAL 628x582

Scan frequency: PAL: 50HZ

Transmission signal: picture sound

Deliver the distance:50-100M

Voltage:DC+9V

vii. LCD

Figure 3.9

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range

of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in

various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segments and other

multi segment LEDs. The reasons being: LCDs are economical, easily programmable, have

no limitation of displaying special and even custom characters, animations and so on.

A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this

LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely,

Command and Data.

LCD is added purely for demonstration purpose for the external examiner it is not a

mandatory peripheral in the project

3.2 Methodology

3.2.1 Implemented System

The project is an automatic cum manual device which would help the victim to alert others

during emergency situations and also collect evidences in the form of video. The

implemented prototype can be turned ON by an action of human hand (twisting of Wrist).

This is because it is not necessary a victim will always have freedom to turn on the system

manually. The system proposed has three options for the victim to turn it ON. If the victim

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has a degree of freedom to turn ON the system, then a simple switch can be used to turn the

system ON. When a person is attacked or in a dangerous situation, and cannot press the

switch a gesture of hand (movement of wrist) will be sensed by the Flex sensor. This would

turn on the wireless Camera which would be attached somewhere in the body (in the chain in

our prototype) which starts live streaming the video to a remote location continuously

Control Room. Meanwhile, the GSM would start sending the panic message to the phone

numbers already stored. The video recorded would be sent to the control room using live

streaming until the system is reset. These messages would be sent on an interval of 30

seconds until the system is reset. The armband incorporates a switch as an option to turn ON

the system when one feels threatened. A switch can also be used during medical emergency

and a Reset button too. The prototype also includes a fall detection sensor in the armband.

This is included anticipating that there is a greater possibility that the person under threat may

fall when assaulted. A scenario where the person cannot twist wrist or press the button,

he/she needs to fall down activating the system. The person at the other end has a phone with

Google maps App that would locate the victim’s location. The proposed system is planned to

be non-Android keeping in mind that the system has to be of use even for children. Most of

the products in market today are Android based. Size of the product is another pivotal factor

that we cannot undermine. This is because; the armband must be less prominent and visible to

others. Another challenge is the cost factor that needs to be considered as it is crucial for the

success of the product along with the time to market. The prototype of the proposed safety

armband is realized and the using LPC 2148 ARM7 processor. The system uses a flex Sensor

for initiation by twisting of hand. Failing to initiate it either by flex sensor or by switch, we

have provided a fall detector sensor. This is anticipating the chances of fall when attacked or

assaulted. The GSM module sends the panic message along with the location details to the

predetermined Mobile Station until it is reset. Every time the Longitude and Latitude changes

the SMS is sent. This helps in tracking the victim incase if the victim is being driven away.

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3.2.2 Block Diagrams

Figure 3.10[1]

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3.2.3 Flow Chart

Figure 3.11[1]

The flowchart explains the working of the prototype design under consideration. Initially the

system is such that the button is not pressed. Flex sensor is in the normal position. The fall

detector is also in the normal position and the video camera is turned OFF. Highest priority is

given to the button. Once the button is pressed, the system turns ON the wireless Camera.

The Video is live Streamed to the Police Control room. The GSM/GPS system starts sending

an alert message along with the location (latitude and longitude) to a predetermined Mobile

Station. If the flex sensor is twisted, then it initiates an action where the wirelessly captured

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image is transmitted to the control room along with the location details to the predetermined

Mobile Station. If the fall detector sensor detects a fall with a pressure above the threshold,

then it initiates an action where the wirelessly captured image is transmitted to the control

room along with the location details to the predetermined Mobile Station. The video is live

streamed and the location details are transmitted until the system is reset. Since change in

Longitude and Latitude is sent continuously, the person can be tracked. The user at the other

end needs to have a Google Map application. On receiving the longitude and latitude, the

location can be determined and tracked.

3.2.4 Circuit Diagram

Figure 3.12

The above figure shows the circuit diagram for women safety system. The circuit diagram

includes Arm7, Voltage Regulators, LCD display, Buzzer and connection for GPS and GSM

as a major component. The voltage regulator circuit use two regulator IC namely 7805

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&7809 the connections for the IC are shown in the figure the input to this circuit is a 12V DC

from a battery and the output is 9V and 5V. The 9V supply is required for wireless camera

and 5V is given to ARM7 LPC2148 which further regulates to 3.3V by its internally

connected regulator. The LCD supply connections are as shown in the figure, the RS, E, D4,

D5, D6, D7 pins of LCD are connected to pin P0.12, P0.13, P0.17, P0.18, P0.19, P0.20

respectively. Relay and buzzer is connected to pin P1.27, P1.28 respectively.

22

Chapter 4

Simulation and Experimental Results

The system was tested in a cool and dry environment with fewer high rise buildings and

strong satellite coverage so that the GPS antenna could receive the location with fewer

interruptions from the surrounding.

4.1 Simulation Results for

4.1.1 SoS message

Figure 4.1

The figure 4.1 above is of a prototype SoS message sent when the system is activated during

an emergency. The message is determined by the user and can be changed according to

preference. The latitude and longitude location as detected by the GPS is given so that the

22 23

receiver of the message can track the victim’s location. The geoplanar link mentioned helps

the receiver of the message locate the victim geographically through online maps.

4.1.2 GPS location

Figure 4.2

The Figure 4.2 shows the GPS location detected when the system is activated. When any of

the system features such as the shock sensor, flex sensor or manual switch is triggered the

system is activated during which the GPS (figure 3.2) determines the Latitude and longitude

of the victim. This location is noted by the ARM7 processor and attached to the SoS message.

The system requires a fairly open space around it so that the antenna can receive the satellite

location without interruptions. The GPS receives the location in approximately 3 minutes

depending on satellite coverage and signal interference from surrounding buildings. The

accuracy is +- 200mts.

23 23

4.1.2 Shock sensor

Figure 4.3

The figure 4.3 shows the detection of the shock sensor. This device indicates when a physical

shock or impact has occurred. During an unforeseen incident of the victim falling or being

attacked by a blunt force weapon, the shock sensor will detect the impact. This change in the

reading will activate the system during which the GPS begins searching for the victims

location. The location and a pre-determined SoS message is then sent to the victim’s

emergency contact. Such sensors are used for a range of applications such as consumer

equipment, in vehicle collision technology etc.

24 23

4.1.3 Flex Sensor

Figure 4.4

Figure 4.4 above the system activation using the flex sensor (figure 3.14). This flex sensor

has max resistance of 10Ω, these increases exponentially depending on the bend radius.

When a significant bend is detected of over 4Ω the system is activated. This resembles the

twisting of hand during an emergency. The victim in a helpless situation could simply twist

the flex sensor to activate the system.

25 26

4.1.4 Stun Gun

Figure 4.5

The above circuit is derived from a regular mosquito racket. This is intended as a self defense

mechanism which delivers a stinging shock to the attacker. The purpose is for the attacker to

retreat from the victim during an unforeseen event. As compared to the other products in the

market this stun gun doesn’t cause permanent harm and is strong enough to deliver a painful

sting. The circuited is activated on activation of the system.

25 26

4.1.5 Wireless video camera output

Figure 4.6

The images in figure 4.6 show the wireless video camera output. This camera live streams the

on going incident wirelessly to a remote location. On activation of the system by any

included method, the camera is immidiately switched on and video of the on going incident is

recorded for evidence purposes. This camera has a range of 100ft and works on 9v DC supply

received from the supply built on the ARM board. The camera also includes featured such as

25 26

night vision to record an incident in bad light. The recorded video can be used as evidence

against the perpatrator. This will help the autorities to bring the guilty to justice .

ethical and moral obligation and not be determined by a security system. We hope that such

systems will gradually be used for medical purposes more than security.

27

Chapter 5

Conclusion

5.1 Conclusion

In this project, we interfaced a GPS and GSM module with the ARM7 to locate the victim

and send an SoS message to the emergency contact. We included a manual trigger, flex and

shock sensor for activation of the system under various situations. A wireless video camera

records the event when the system is activated and wirelessly streams the video to a control

room for evidence purpose. The stun gun incorporated in the system is derived from a regular

mosquito racket to ward off potential threats. From this we have understood the interfacing a

coding of the Arm 7 processor, the designing and troubles shooting of the overall system.

This project will help secure the safety of lone women and children and also help the law

enforcement authorities with concrete evidence to bring the perpetrators to justice.

5.2 Future Scope

This system can be implemented in a smaller more ergonomic manner as the system designed is bulky.

Facial recognition feature can be implemented to recognize the attacker instantly and store it in existing databases such UID

File protection (so that the file cannot be deleted) for the recorded evidence will help to protect the evidence from corrupt officials.

Biometric monitoring such as blood pressure, heart rate monitor, and pedometer can also be incorporated. In this case the designed system can also be used for medical emergencies.

However, the safety of women and children should develop into every individual as an

ethical and moral obligation and not be determined by a security system. We hope that such

systems will gradually be used for medical purposes more than security.

27

References [1] Design and Implementation of Safety Armband for 2015 International Conference on

Power and Advanced Control Engineering (ICPACE)

[2] Medical alert systems with TeleHealth & telemedicine monitoring using GSM and GPS

technology, IEEE Conference, Coimbatore, 2012.

[3] Jiewen Zheng; Inst. of Med. Equip., Acad. of Mil. Med. Sci., Tianjin,China ; Guang

Zhang; Taihu Wu, Design of Automatic Fall Detector for Elderly Based on Triaxial

Accelerometer ; Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering , 2009. ICBBE 2009. 3rd

International Conference, IEEE Beijing.

[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepper_spray

[5] Alwan, M. ; Dept. of Pathology, Virginia Univ., Charlottesville, VA ; Rajendran, P.J. ;

Kell,S. ; Mack,D. , A Smart and Passive Floor-Vibration Based Fall Detector for Elderly;

Information and Communication Technologies, 2006. ICTTA '06. 2nd (Volume: 1), IEEE

Damascus

[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taser

[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_safety_app

[8] https://www.pantechsolutions.net/microcontroller-boards/creating-and-debugging-

aproject-in-keil-for-arm7

[9] www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/LPC2141_42_44_46_48.pdf

[10] https://www.qrp-labs.com/images/ultimategps3/skm61.pdf

[11] http://www.ebay.in/itm/182047438589?aff_source=Sok-Goog

[12] http://circuits4you.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/SIM300-Modem.jpg

[13] probots.co.in/Manuals/GSM%20GPRS%20Modem%20-%20Starter%20Guide.pdf

[14] https://cdn.sparkfun.com//assets/parts/1/6/8/6/08606-03-L.jpg

[15] http://www.engineersgarage.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/Original/wysiwyg_imageu

pload/1/interfacing-flex-sensor4.jpg

[16] www.sproboticworks.com/products/camera/wireless-a-v-camera.html

[17]

[18]

ethical and moral obligation and not be determined by a security system. We hope that such

systems will gradually be used for medical purposes more than security.

27

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Lcd

void lcd_longitude(void);

longitude On Lcd void find_comma(void);

void lcd_shape(void);

//Function To Show

29 28

Appendix A

Source Code of the Project #include <LPC214X.H>

#include <stdio.h>

unsigned int cmd_data,disp_data,cnt,smm=0;

char info[70]; //Variables To use For

Gps Data.

char test[6]="$GPRMC"; //Variables To use For Gps Data.

char comma_position[15]; //Variables To use For Gps Data.

unsigned int check=0,i;

unsigned char a;

#define flex (1<<26)

#define shock (1<<25)

#define relay (1<<28)

#define BUZZER (1<<27)

#define RDR 0x01

#define THRE 0x20

#define RDA 0x04

void init_lcd(void);

void cmd_wr(unsigned int);

void delay(unsigned int);

void delay_nop(void);

void toggle(void);

void data_map(unsigned int);

void data_wr(unsigned int);

void lcd_string(char *str);

void Uart0Init (void);

void Uart0PutCh (unsigned char ch);

unsigned char Uart0GetCh (void);

void Uart0PutS(unsigned char *str);

void lcd_latitude(void); //Function To Show latitude On

Lcd

void lcd_longitude(void);

longitude On Lcd void find_comma(void);

void lcd_shape(void);

//Function To Show

29 28

void compare(void);

void lcd_latitude(void);

void sms_send(void);

//***********

void UART0ISR(void) irq

if((U0IIR & RDA)) /* Check if Recive data Interrupt event

*/

required data

info[check++]=U0RBR; //Read SBUF

if(check<7) //Condition to check the

if(info[check-1]!=test[check-1])

check=0;

VICVectAddr = 0x00; /* ACK the VIC */

void Init_VIC(void)

VICVectCntl2 = 0x26;

VICVectAddr2 = (unsigned long int)UART0ISR;

VICIntEnable |= 0x00000040; //enable UART0

interrupt

U0IER = 0x00000003; //RI and TI interrupt

int main()

VPBDIV = 0x00;

PINSEL0 = 0X00000000;

IO0DIR = 0x001ff000;

IODIR1 |= 0x18000000; //LED pins as output

IOPIN1&=~(0x18000000);

init_lcd();

Uart0Init();// Initialize UART module at 9600 bps

cmd_wr(0x80);

lcd_string(" Women Safety");

cmd_wr(0xC0); lcd_string(" Arm Band");

// Uart0PutS("\r\n\r\n*** GPS *** $$ ARM 7 $$\r\n");

delay(20000);

cmd_wr(0x01);

Init_VIC();

Lcd

void lcd_longitude(void);

longitude On Lcd void find_comma(void);

void lcd_shape(void);

//Function To Show

29 28

while(1)

cmd_wr(cmd_data);

cmd_data=0x03;

31

if(check==69) // To Check Data and Compare

With Vailid Format.

compare();

//

if(((IOPIN1&0x02000000)>>25) == 0x00)//shock

cmd_wr(0x01);

lcd_string(" Shock");

U0IER = 0x00000000;

IOSET1 = (BUZZER);

IOSET1 = (relay);

delay(2000);

IOCLR1 = (BUZZER); sms_send();

if(((IOPIN1&0x04000000)>>25) == 0x00)//flex

cmd_wr(0x01);

lcd_string(" Flex");

U0IER = 0x00000000;

IOSET1 = (BUZZER);

IOSET1 = (relay);

delay(2000);

IOCLR1 = (BUZZER);

sms_send();

if(((IOPIN1&0x00080000)>>19) == 0x00)//Switch

cmd_wr(0x01);

lcd_string(" Switch");

U0IER = 0x00000000;

IOSET1 = (BUZZER);

IOSET1 = (relay);

delay(2000);

IOCLR1 = (BUZZER);

sms_send();

void init_lcd()

delay(20);

cmd_data=0x03;

cmd_wr(cmd_data);

cmd_data=0x03;

31

cmd_wr(cmd_data);

cmd_data=0x03;

cmd_wr(cmd_data);

cmd_data=0x20;

cmd_wr(cmd_data);

cmd_data=0x28;

cmd_wr(cmd_data);

cmd_data=0x06;

cmd_wr(cmd_data);

cmd_data=0x01;

cmd_wr(cmd_data);

IO0CLR = 0x00001000;

void cmd_wr(unsigned int var_cmd)

delay(10);

IO0CLR = 0X001FF000;

data_map(var_cmd);

toggle();

IO0CLR = 0X001FF000;

var_cmd=var_cmd<<4;

data_map(var_cmd);

toggle();

void delay(unsigned int d)

unsigned int dly1,dly2;

for(dly1=0;dly1<d;dly1++)

for(dly2=0;dly2<1500;dly2++);

void delay_nop()

unsigned int dly;

for(dly=0;dly<500;dly++);

void toggle()

IO0SET = 0x00002000; //Enable Pin

delay(1);

IO0CLR = 0x00002000; //Enable Pin

cmd_wr(cmd_data);

cmd_data=0x03;

31

void data_map(unsigned int var_data)

33 33

unsigned int p0_stat,temp;

temp=var_data & 0xf0;

temp=temp<<13;

p0_stat=IO0PIN;

p0_stat=p0_stat & 0x0000F000;

IO0SET=temp | p0_stat;

void data_wr(unsigned int var_disp)

delay(10);

IO0CLR = 0X001FF000; //lcd pin

IO0SET = 0x00001000; //rs pin

data_map(var_disp);

toggle();

IO0CLR = 0x001E0000; // data pin

var_disp=var_disp<<4;

data_map(var_disp);

toggle();

void lcd_string(char *str)

int i;

for(i=0;str[i]!='\0';i++) data_wr(str[i]);

void Uart0Init (void) // Initialize Serial Interface

PINSEL0 |= 0x00000005; //Enable RxD0 and TxD0

U0LCR = 0x83; // 8 bits, no Parity, 1

Stop bit

U0DLL = 97; // 9600 Baud Rate @ 15MHz

VPB Clock

U0LCR = 0x03; // DLAB = 0

//U0IER = 0x00000003; //RI and TI interrupt

//************************************************************

***************** void Uart0PutCh (unsigned char ch) // Write character to

Serial Port

while (!(U0LSR & 0x20));

U0THR = ch;

34 34

//************************************************************

*****************

unsigned char Uart0GetCh (void) // Read character from

Serial Port

while (!(U0LSR & 0x01));

return (U0RBR);

//************************************************************

***************** void Uart0PutS(unsigned char *str) //A function to send

a string on UART0

while(*str)

Uart0PutCh(*str++);

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

///// void find_comma()

unsigned int i,count=0;

for(i=0;i<70;i++)

if(info[i]==',') comma_position[count++]=i;

void compare()

U0IER = 0x00; //serial interrupt disble find_comma(); //Function to detect position of comma in the

string

lcd_latitude(); //Function to show Latitude

lcd_longitude(); //Function to show Longitude

check=0;

U0IER = 0x01; //serial interrupt enable

void lcd_shape() //Function to create shape of degree

cmd_wr(64);

data_wr(10);

data_wr(17);

35 35

data_wr(17);

data_wr(10);

data_wr(0);

data_wr(0);

data_wr(0);

data_wr(0);

void lcd_latitude() //Function to display Latitude

unsigned int c2=comma_position[2]; //Position of second comma

lcd_shape();

cmd_wr(0x80); //Move cursor to position 6 of line 1

lcd_string("LAT "); //Showing Latitude

data_wr(info[c2+1]);

data_wr(info[c2+2]);

data_wr(0); // TO display degree symbol

for(i=3;i<=9;i++)

data_wr(info[c2+i]);

data_wr(0x27);

data_wr(info[c2+11]);

void lcd_longitude()

unsigned int c4=comma_position[4];

lcd_shape();

cmd_wr(0xc0);

lcd_string("LON "); //Showing Longitude

data_wr(info[c4+2]);

data_wr(info[c4+3]);

data_wr(0); // TO display degree symbol

for(i=4;i<=10;i++)

data_wr(info[c4+i]);

data_wr(0x27);

data_wr(info[c4+12]);

void sms_send()

unsigned int c2=comma_position[2]; //Position of second

comma

unsigned int c4=comma_position[4];

36 36

Uart0PutS("AT&W\r");

delay(1000);

Uart0PutS("AT+CMGF=1\r\n");

delay(1000);

Uart0PutS("AT+CMGS=\"");

delay(1000);

Uart0PutS("+919920849793");

delay(1000);

cmd_wr(0x01);

lcd_string("Sms Send");

cmd_wr(0xc0);

lcd_string("+919920849793");

delay(1000);

Uart0PutS("\"\r\n");

delay(2000);

Uart0PutS("Alert!!\r\n");

Uart0PutS("I am in an emergency. please help

me....\r\n\r\n");

delay(3000);

Uart0PutS("My Location...\r\n\r\n");

delay(3000); Uart0PutS("LAT "); //Showing Latitude

delay(3000);

Uart0PutCh(info[c2+1]);

delay(1000);

Uart0PutCh(info[c2+2]);

delay(1000);

Uart0PutCh('.'); // TO

display degree symbol

delay(1000);

for(i=3;i<=9;i++)

Uart0PutCh(info[c2+i]);

delay(1000);

Uart0PutCh(info[c2+11]);

delay(1000);

Uart0PutS("\r\n\r\nLON "); //Showing Longitude

delay(1000);

Uart0PutCh(info[c4+2]);

delay(1000);

Uart0PutCh(info[c4+3]);

delay(1000); Uart0PutCh('.'); // TO

37 37

display degree symbol

delay(1000);

for(i=4;i<=10;i++)

38 38

Uart0PutCh(info[c4+i]);

delay(1000);

Uart0PutCh(info[c4+12]); delay(1000);

Uart0PutS("http://www.geoplaner.com data in

form[dd.mm.mmm]\r\n\r\n");

delay(1000);

cmd_wr(0x01);

lcd_string("Sms Send");

Uart0PutS("\r\n\r\n");

delay(1000);

Uart0PutCh(0x1a);

delay(5000);

while(1);

38 39

Appendix B

Timeline Chart of the Project

39 39

Acknowledgement

We are thankful to a number of individuals who have contributed towards our final

year project and without their help it would not have been possible. Firstly, we offer our

sincere thanks to our project guide Ms. Snehal Lopes for her constant and timely help and

guidance throughout our preparation.

We are grateful to all project coordinators for their valuable inputs to our project. We

are also grateful to the college authorities and the entire faculty for their support in providing

us with the facilities required throughout this semester.

We are also highly grateful to Dr. Gautam A. Shah, Head of Department (EXTC),

Principal, Dr. (Mrs.) Sincy George, and Director Bro. Josekutty and former Director

Bro. Melchior Tom for providing the facilities, a conducive environment and

encouragement.