Women, Tobacco andCancer: An Agenda forthe 21 stCenturyMichele Bloch, MD, PhD Medical OfficerTobacco Control Research Branch Behavioral Research Program Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences National Cancer Institute (USA) Frauen und Rauchen: Was wirkt, was fehlt ?13. ± 14. Oktober , 200 8Langenbeck-Virchow-Haus, Berlin
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Increase our understanding of sex and gender differencesacross the broad range of research on women, tobacco, and cancer.
Develop new and more effective interventions to prevent and treat tobacco use and SHS exposure among women and girls,
especially in populations at greatest risk. Ensure the widespread delivery of effective interventions to
prevent and treat tobacco use and SHS exposure amongwomen and girls.
Expand partnerships, networks and innovative research
platforms to design and launch broad-based strategies toeliminate the harms of tobacco use and SHS exposure amongwomen and girls.
Improve national and global evaluation and surveillance of theharms of tobacco use and SHS exposure and of women¶s and girls¶ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to tobacco
Neither the steps in cancer initiation nor those in cancer promotion are fully understood because they involvedynamic interplay between tobacco smoke constituentsand the susceptible cells of the smoker.
The diversity of biological processes that contribute tolung carcinogenesis, and the stigma of tobacco-related disease are major barriers to research in lung cancer biology.
Recommendation:
Support further research into cross-disciplinary interactions in tobacco-related diseasemechanisms, especially gene-hormone-environment
A comprehensive surveillance system should encompass: Host (smoker or potential smoker)
Agent (tobacco product)
Vector (tobacco industry)
Environment (economic, cultural, political, and historical activities)
Recommendations: Assess interrelationships among specific population
characteristics (race/ethnicity, sexual orientation,socioeconomic status, gender, age, disabilities) as they influence tobacco use, exposure to SHS, and disease risk.
Monitor tobacco advertising and promotion to women
It is not yet known whether women and men respond differently to prevention and treatment interventions or would benefit from different intervention strategies.
Recommendations: Continue to evaluate whether gender differences exist in
prevention and treatment efficacy.
If gender differences are found, understand why they occur.
Explore factors unique to women that may influence prevention and treatment outcomes.
Understand if and how gender, context, and cultureaffect prevention and treatment.