Copyrighted material – 9781137462893 Contents Acknowledgments xi Part I The Research Introduction: “The Women” 3 1 The Feminine Investing Mystique 7 Part II From Theory To Practice: Public Equity Investing 2 Aim Small, Miss Small: Targeting International Small-Cap Stocks 25 Leah Zell, Founder and Principal, Lizard Investors 3 Quite Contrary: Going Long in Mid-Cap Stocks 47 Thyra Zerhusen, Founder, Fairpointe Capital 4 Getting Extra from Ordinary: Investing Long and Short in Micro- and Small Caps 69 Fran Tuite, Portfolio Manager, RMB Capital Management LLC 5 She Blinded Me with Science: Investing in Biotech 91 Dr. Fariba Fischel Ghodsian, Chief Investment Officer, DAFNA Capital Management, LLC Credit Investing 6 Puzzling It Out: Distressed Credit Investing 117 Marjorie Hogan, Portfolio Manager and Managing Member, Altum Capital Copyrighted material – 9781137462893
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Copyrighted material – 9781137462893
Contents
Acknowledgments xi
Part I The Research
Introduction: “The Women” 3
1 The Feminine Investing Mystique 7
Part II From Theory To Practice: Public Equity Investing
2 Aim Small, Miss Small: Targeting International Small-Cap Stocks 25 Leah Zell, Founder and Principal, Lizard Investors
3 Quite Contrary: Going Long in Mid-Cap Stocks 47 Thyra Zerhusen, Founder, Fairpointe Capital
4 Getting Extra from Ordinary: Investing Long and Short in Micro- and Small Caps 69 Fran Tuite, Portfolio Manager, RMB Capital Management LLC
5 She Blinded Me with Science: Investing in Biotech 91 Dr. Fariba Fischel Ghodsian, Chief Investment Officer, DAFNA Capital Management, LLC
Credit Investing
6 Puzzling It Out: Distressed Credit Investing 117 Marjorie Hogan, Portfolio Manager and Managing Member, Altum Capital
Copyrighted material – 9781137462893
Copyrighted material – 9781137462893
Contents
Acknowledgments xi
Part I The Research
Introduction: “The Women” 3
1 The Feminine Investing Mystique 7
Part II From Theory To Practice: Public Equity Investing
2 Aim Small, Miss Small: Targeting International Small-Cap Stocks 25 Leah Zell, Founder and Principal, Lizard Investors
3 Quite Contrary: Going Long in Mid-Cap Stocks 47 Thyra Zerhusen, Founder, Fairpointe Capital
4 Getting Extra from Ordinary: Investing Long and Short in Micro- and Small Caps 69 Fran Tuite, Portfolio Manager, RMB Capital Management LLC
5 She Blinded Me with Science: Investing in Biotech 91 Dr. Fariba Fischel Ghodsian, Chief Investment Officer, DAFNA Capital Management, LLC
Credit Investing
6 Puzzling It Out: Distressed Credit Investing 117 Marjorie Hogan, Portfolio Manager and Managing Member, Altum Capital
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x ● Contents
7 The Simple Things: Relative Value and Directional Credit Investing 143 Olga Chernova, Managing Principal and Chief Investment Officer, Sancus Capital Management
Private Markets: Venture Capital, Private Equity, and Real Estate
8 In the Beginning: Seed and Series A Venture Capital Investing 167 Theresia Gouw, Co-Founder, Aspect Ventures
9 The Pragmatist: Growth Equity Investing 191 Sonya Brown, General Partner, Norwest Venture Partners
10 Mrs. Fix-It: Distressed and Turnaround Private Equity Investing 211 Raquel Palmer, Partner, KPS Capital Partners LP
11 Billion-Dollar Listings: Investing in Real Estate 229 Deborah Harmon, Co-Founder and CEO, Artemis Real Estate Partners
Funds of Funds Investing
12 The Sleuths: Fund of Funds Investing 249 Connie Teska and Kelly Chesney, Founders, Pluscios Capital Management
First published in 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States— a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010.
Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS.
Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world.
Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.
ISBN: 978–1–137–46289–3
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Jones, Meredith A. Women of the street : why female money managers generate higher
returns (and how you can too) / Meredith A. Jones. pages cm ISBN 978–1–137–46289–3 (hardback)— ISBN 1–137–46289–2 (alk. paper) 1. Women stockbrokers—United States—Biography. 2. Wall Street
(New York, N.Y.) I. Title.
HG4621.J66 2015 332.6082—dc23 2014041238
A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library.
Design by Newgen Knowledge Works (P) Ltd., Chennai, India.
First edition: April 2015
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America.
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Copyrighted material – 9781137462893
Introduction: “The Women”
In 2007, I traveled to Evanston, Illinois, to meet what had up to then been for me an urban legend of the alternative investment industry—women portfolio managers. Sure, I knew that women
portfolio managers existed. I had tracked several women-owned or managed funds in various hedge fund databases for a few of my nine prior years in the industry. This was, however, my first in-person sighting.
Constance (Connie) Teska and Kelly Chesney of Pluscios Capital Management run a fund of hedge funds based in Illinois. I spent all afternoon with them, exchanging ideas, talking markets, and compar-ing investment philosophy. They gave me their history in the invest-ment industry, and I shared mine. We didn’t braid one another’s hair or exchange recipes, but aside from that, it was as deep a bonding experience as I have had in my professional life.
I left that meeting and did what any Southern woman does with good news to share: I called my mom.
Even though my mother is not in the investment industry, she lis-tened intently to my re-cap of the day. From then on, she never missed an opportunity to ask about Connie and Kelly.
“How are The Women?” she would ask. On another day: “What do you hear from The Women? After the market crash in 2008: “Are The Women okay?”
When I look back on her use of that generic terminology, I realize that I am in many ways to blame for her language. My mom, like most people, had only a passing familiarity with the hedge fund industry. She had never heard me, or anyone else for that matter, tell stories
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4 ● Women of The Street
about the market exploits of a non-male investment wizard. George, John, Warren, and Julian were familiar names to her. Connie, Kelly, Leah, Nancy, Catherine, Renee, and other female monikers were completely foreign.
My mom is not alone in believing the hedge fund industry spe-cifically, and the money management industry in general, is a man’s world. At the writing of this book, I estimate that there are fewer than 125 female-owned or managed hedge funds out of roughly 10,000 or more funds worldwide. John Coates, senior researcher in neuroscience and finance at Cambridge University, has said that “[e]ven with mas-sive diversity pushes I don’t think there is more than 5 percent women taking risk in the financial world, starting from the trading f loors to the asset managers.” 1 Certainly, there is a wealth of female partici-pants in the hedge fund and investment industries. You’ll often find women marketers, investor relations staff, operations and compliance personnel, or financial officers. Rarely do you find a woman in the driver’s seat as the decision-maker who decides what to buy and sell and when.
As a result, those few intrepid female portfolio managers have had to look pretty far afield to find mentors and role models. One port-folio manager I interviewed as background for this book described her investing idol to me in detail. Nicknamed the “Witch of Wall Street,” this manager’s mentor developed a tried-and-true methodol-ogy for growing and protecting wealth:
invest conservatively • keep substantial cash reserves • don’t let emotion rule your investments •
This investment philosophy served the Witch of Wall Street well, creat-ing a vast pool of wealth estimated to be $2 billion. 2 Unfortunately, this portfolio manager has not been able to meet her mentor and learn her market wisdom directly.
Why didn’t they chat? Because the Witch of Wall Street, otherwise known as Hetty Green, died in 1916.
This female portfolio manager, faced with a dearth of investors who thought and traded like she did, researched a woman who had been dead for nearly a century to use as a role model. Hence, one of the many reasons I decided to write this book.
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Introduction ● 5
When people ask why I feel a project like Women of The Street is so important, I can now practically anticipate the questions and objections.
If there are so few women in the industry, why bother? • Why doesn’t anyone ever talk about men who perform well? • Isn’t the sample too small to draw any real conclusions? • Are you a sexist? •
These questions come up so frequently that I now answer them almost by rote.
It has been proven, in my research and that of others, that women invest differently than men, upon whom a wealth of investment research has been conducted. Collectively, women’s approach, which is in many ways similar to Green’s tenets above, has proven profitable and reliable, and it outperforms the industry at large. More women portfolio managers in the investment industry would be good for investors. Being able to choose an investment manager whose approach more closely mirrors your own is also a positive. Diversification of investments, be it by strategy, asset class, or gender, is good for all investors. Deploying some of the techniques that women instinctually use can be beneficial to investors, male and female. The fact that I’m researching women’s unique and potentially valuable investing skill set does not mean I’m a sexist. It simply proves I’m a capitalist.
Finally, providing women with role models who did not own Civil War bonds is crucial to attracting more female portfolio managers. They need to know there is a place for them in an industry that tends to celebrate only big and splashy wins, such as George Soros’ $10 billion bet against the British pound and John Paulson’s $3.7 billion subprime mortgage win.
The investment industry is one in which both the tortoise and the hare exist. Not surprisingly, we hear stories only about the hares who make a big killing on a few risky deals. Even more intriguingly, we all know that at the end of the fable, the tortoise wins. And, as Margaret Thatcher famously quipped, “The cock may crow, but it’s the hen that lays the eggs.” 3
This book celebrates the steady and consistent execution of an investment strategy that results in long-term outperformance. The portfolio managers interviewed exemplify the best traits that women
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6 ● Women of The Street
investors tend to exhibit. Their example will help encourage the next generation of women portfolio managers, and their wisdom can inform your investment decisions, no matter what your gender. At the end of the day, I hope you learn from them and that this book makes you invest “like a girl.”
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9/11, 65, 202–3, 241, 24413-F stock filings, 20
Accel, 168–72, 186Acorn International Fund, 26, 32,
Citi Group and, 155–7disciplined approach to investment,
157–62early career, 144–8on educating investors, 148–50on experience and market cycles,
162–4on investing during financial crisis,
150–4overview, 143–4
Chesney, Kelly, 3, 249–72, 277, 280–1on active capital, 261–4early career, 251–3funds business and, 257–61on integrity, 264–8Long Term Capital and, 253–5
Accel and, 169–72areas of expertise, 182–6Aspect Ventures and, 171–2
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296 ● Index
Gouw, Theresia—Continuedon building value, 176–8on diversification, 174–6on early investment, 179–82on getting back to basics, 172–4overview, 167–9on predicting markets, 186–90
Johnson & Johnson, 77, 103juggling responsibilities, 35, 123–4,
192, 223, 235–6, 280
Kahneman, Daniel, 16Keilin and Bloom, 211, 213–16Kendra Scott Design, 209Kickstarter, 178Kidder Peabody, 211, 213–14Kimberly Clark, 220KKR, 197, 232Knowles, 80KPS Capital Partners, 211–12
Labatt USA, 217Landes, David, 33Lehman Brothers, 10, 26, 29–32, 92,
96, 152–3, 162–3, 236leverage
Chernova on, 152–3, 157–9, 164Ghodsian on, 109Harmon on, 231–3, 239, 243–4Hogan on, 129, 136Palmer on, 218Teska on, 265Tuite on, 79, 83, 85Zerhusen on, 61–2
156–63Chesney on, 256–61, 265–9, 271female investors and, 9, 12, 14gender-specific risk aversion, 14–15Ghodsian on, 102–3, 109–10Gouw on, 173, 179–80Harmon on, 235, 237, 239, 241–6Hogan on, 120, 122, 125–7, 129,
134–41managing risk and finding
opportunities, 62–4Palmer on, 219–20research on gender and, 16–19Teska on, 252–6, 262, 270Tuite on, 74, 80–1, 83, 89Zell on, 31, 36, 40, 42–3Zerhusen on, 62–4
RMB Capital Management LLC, 86Roosevelt, Franklin D., 229Rose, Charlie, 58Ross, Stephen, 233, 235Roth Capital Partners, 92, 96Rothstein Kass, 11, 285n21Russell Mid-Cap, 48, 54, 66Russia, 67, 143–6, 255
SAC Capital, 20Sancus Capital Management, 144SAP, 36–7, 41Sapienza, Paola, 15, 18Schubert, Renate, 15, 17Schwartz, Alan, 194Scott, Kendra, 206, 208–9Sears, 48, 50–1, 62selling, general, and administrative
costs (SG&A’s), 79
Series A investments, 168, 171–3, 175–7, 179–80, 184, 186–7
short sellingChernova on, 149–50, 152, 158–9Ghodsian on, 106–7, 109–10Hogan on, 129–30, 135, 140Palmer on, 221Teska on, 253, 255, 272Tuite on, 79, 86–9Zell on, 43Zerhusen on, 60