World Meteorological Organization Working together in weather, climate and water WMO OMM WMO www.wmo.int WMO Drought Activities and Role of the Drought Regional Centres Jose Camacho Scientific Officier Agricultural Meteorology Division
World Meteorological OrganizationWorking together in weather, climate and water
WMO OMM
WMO www.wmo.int
WMO Drought Activities and
Role of the Drought
Regional CentresJose Camacho
Scientific Officier
Agricultural Meteorology Division
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Overview of
WMO
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World Meteorological Organization
• United Nations agency for weather, climate, hydrology and water resources and related environmental issues.
• 189 Members from National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS)
• WMO Priority area: Disaster risk reduction – Drought
• 10 major scientific & technical programmes (Secretariat) and
8 Technical Commissions advise & guide activities of programmes (Experts)
• 6 Regional Associations involved in implementation
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Eight Commissions with focus on
Technical Issues
• Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (CAeM)
• Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM)
• Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (CAS)
• Commission for Basic Systems (CBS)
• Commission for Climatology (CCl)
• Commission for Hydrology (CHy)
• Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (CIMO)
• Joint WMO-IOC Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM)
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WMO Regional Associations
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WMO Regional Association VI
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Drought and Disaster Recovery
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Drought types and definitions
Meteorological
Agricultural Hydrological
Socio-economic
Decreasing emphasis on the natural event (precipitation deficiencies)
Increasing complexity of impacts and conflicts
Time/Duration of the event
Increasing emphasis on water/natural resource management
Source: Wilhite 2006
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Drought
evolution
Wilhite2010
Source: Wilhite 2006
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Wilhite – Lincoln approach on Disaster Management
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High-Level Meeting on National Drought
Policies (HMNDP)
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Why a HMNDP is needed ?Why a HMNDP is needed ?
• Despite the repeated occurrences of droughts throughout human history and the large impacts on different socio-economic sectors, no concerted efforts have ever been made to initiate a dialogue on the formulation and adoption of national drought policies.
• Amongst all the countries in the world, only Australia has a national drought policy which provides a clear description of when and how communities affected by droughts could seek drought relief under a legal framework.
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Why a HMNDP is needed ? (2)Why a HMNDP is needed ? (2)
• HMNDP could ensure that government actions transcend far beyond the conventional reactive approaches. In fact, it has been demonstrated traditional drought assistance or relief programs actually result in less self-reliance and more dependence on governments, increasing the vulnerability of sectors to future drought events.
• If more acceptable results are to be achieved while dealing with droughts, a new approach should be taken and new attitude adopted in dealing with droughts.
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Why a HMNDP is needed ? (3)Why a HMNDP is needed ? (3)
• A high level meeting could help develop such a new approach through
– developing a common understanding of the issues involved,
– discussing the different approaches that could be incorporated into a national drought policy and
– finally establishing a framework of a national drought policy that could help all the nations around the world.
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Suggested Steps for Organization Suggested Steps for Organization
of HMNDPof HMNDP
• WMO Congress approved this proposal (May 2011).
• Develop a comprehensive concept note on national drought policy through an Expert Meeting (July 2011)
• A meeting of the HMNDP International Organizing Committee (HIOC) (December 2011, Geneve) .
• Engage diplomatic missions in Geneva (April 2012)
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Suggested Steps for Organization Suggested Steps for Organization
of HMNDP (2)of HMNDP (2)
• Organize second meeting of HIOC to discuss and finalize programme for HMNDP (Brazilia, June 2012)
• Organize second meeting with missions (End of summer 2012), get their final endorsement of the revised concept note and programme for HMNDP.
• Organize the HMNDP (March 2013, Geneve).
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Key Partners for HMNDPKey Partners for HMNDP
(Members of HIOC) (Members of HIOC)
• UN Agencies: UNCCD, ISDR, FAO, IFAD, WFP, UNESCO, UNWATER
• International Organizations: World Bank, ICRISAT, ICARDA
• Regional Drought Monitoring Centres: AGRHYMET, ACMAD, ICPAC, DMC (SADC), DMCSEE
• Key National Organizations: Australia, Brazil, China, India, Portugal, Spain, South Africa, USA (NOAA, USDA, NDMC), Russia, Korea (KMA)
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• Help mobilize financial resources for the HMNDP in Nov- Dec 2012.
• Plan a panel discussion at COP-11 of UNCCD in 2013 to inform the Parties about the outcomes of HMNDP
Future Actions Future Actions
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Integrated Drought Management Programme
(IDMP)
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Proposed Integrated Drought Management Programme
• WMO and the Global Water Partnership are proposing an Integrated Drought Management Programme. Similar to APFM
• Targeting intergovernmental, governmental and non-governmental organizations involved in drought monitoring, prediction, drought risk reduction and management.
• Primary beneficiaries are expected to be governmental institutions, agencies responsible for developing drought management policies and/or implementing systems for drought monitoring, prediction, preparedness and mitigation.
• The principal approach to develop global co-ordination of efforts to strengthen drought monitoring, risk identification, drought prediction and early warning services and development of drought management knowledge base.
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Proposed Integrated Drought Management Programme (cont)
• The expected services to be provided are:
– Regional coordination of drought monitoring, prediction and
early warning activities
– Inception of pilot projects and coordination of regional projects
to showcase best practices
– Collection and dissemination of information and knowledge on
good practices;
– Guidelines, methodologies, tools and supporting documentation
on policy development and management practices and procedures; and
– Capacity building and advice on Integrated Drought
Management.
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Current Actions - IDMP
• Draft Concept Note is being revised. Final version will be sent to donors by end of 2011.
• Ad-hoc Steering Committee will be established Fall 2011.
• Creation of IDMP and HMNDP webpages will be created in Fall2011.
• The IDMP concept will be promoted at various meetings (UNCCD COP-10, UNFCCC COP-17, AGU, etc)
• IDMP will integrate and eventually incorporate WMO efforts on drought indices and HMNDP
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Drought Management Centre
for South-eastern Europe (DMCSEE)
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From “How to monitor agriculture drought? A challenge for Drought Management Center forSE Europe”. A. Sušnik, T. Pogačar, J. Roškar, G. Gregorič, A. Ceglar
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DMCSEE - Evolution
• From 2004, UNCCD and WMO are supporting the development of a Drought Management Centre for South-Eastern Europe (DMCSEE). Slovenia is the country hosting the Centre from 2006.
• At date of today, 13 countries are participating: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Hungary, FYR Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia and Turkey with support of the WMO and UNCCD Secretariat.
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The Role of Drought Regional Centres
Drought Monitoring
•Meteorological
•Agricultural
•Hydrological
Impact evaluation – Sectors – Economic and social
evaluation
Drought management guidance
Cooperating closely with UNCCD and WMO
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Structure Drought Regional Centres
Key institution (economically independant/own legal
status)
Managed by key institutions from the participating
countries (Meteo and others)
Advised by a selected team of regional experts
High tech in products and services delivery and
always in close relation with national institutions.
World Meteorological OrganizationWorking together in weather, climate and water
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Thank You
www.wmo.int/agm