WK10EUMedieval

WK8 Agenda

• Project 8 per group: members by Jan 18, 2010

• Pick one topic for multiple comparisons project topics: religion, music, art, language and literature

• European Middle Ages Lecture

• Homework (-2 per week for late work)

• Exam Result

Western Europe (Middle Ages)

• Got influence from Greek and Roman Classics, Germanic tribes and Christianity

• Peak at 1200-1300 AD. (Christianity and Feudalism)

• Focus on the new world and prepare for the judgment day

Reasons for Development• Invasions had ceased (Vikings,

Hungarians, Muslims)• Agricultural revolution: more

food=> better economy (more money for monarchs which they could use to support church and schools)=>urban revolution(more time, migration)– Shift from Mediterranean to North

Atlantic regions– The weather was warmer– Technology:

• Heavy plow• Three field system• Mills• Used horses as farm animals

• New religious: intellectual development

Germanic Tribes• Goth:

– Visigoth (Odoacer)– Ostrogoth (Theodoric) defeated

Odoacer and set up the capital city at Ravenna (until Justinian fought back for Byzantine

• Frank: Gaul or France– 500-750 AD. Merovingian Dynasty:

Clovis: Largest empire, Paris, Baptized and became Christian

– 750-900 AD. Carolingian Dynasty: Charlemagne or Charles the Great

• Fought 30 years to create the Christian empire

• Pope Leo III crowned him Emperor of the Romans on Christmas day in 800 AD

• Ottonian: German– Viking invaded Western and Middle

Kingdoms– Magyars(Hungarian) invaded Eastern

Kingdom– Otto I (German) won the battle of

Lechfeld– Pope was very satisfied so he crowned

Otto I as the Holy Roman Emperor

Germanic Tribes

• Comitatus: relationship between leaders and knights– Leaders gave: Food, weapon, and shelter– Knights returned: Loyalty and military service– Foundation of feudalism in EU

• Polytheist• Christianity: Age of Faith during the dark age• Christian influenced: politic, economic, society, and tradition from

birth to death– Canon Law: punished those who deceitfully swear, insulted Christian,

practiced magic– Excommunication: those who got excommunicated couldn’t

participate in the religious activity– Interdiction: punished the whole community or country, no religious

practice at all

Germanic Tribes Art

• Migration Art: Animal Style• Cloisonné (โลหะลงยา), Filigree,

Repousse (ลายนนู)

• The Palatine Chapel of Charlemagne at Aachen(his palace was “Back to Rome” theme)

• Gospel books: color washed pen drawing: quick brush– Gospel of Aix– Vienna Gospel– Gospel Book of Archbishop

Ebbo of Reims(St. Mathew and the manuscript)

Medieval Life

• Feudalism= Comitatus(Germanic)+ Patron and Client System or Master and Slave Relations(Roman)– Lord and vassal

• Manorial System– Lord of the Manor and

villeins or serfs

What’s the management style?

• John of England: Magna Carta (1215 AD.)

What’s it about?

Romanesque Art• Cathedral of St. Pierre

– Thick wall, few windows

– For religious use (destination for pilgrims and crusaders)

– Latin Cross Style

• Pisa

• Fresco and Tapestry: Bayeux

(Duke William of Normandy vs. Harold of England), Battle at

hasting

Gothic

• After the Crusade war– Rise of National Monarchies– Trade: Hanseatic League,

Champagne trade expo– Town growth: Faubourg(center

of the city), Bourgeois(city people)

• Paris University, Oxford and Cambridge Universities

• Theology: Bible intepretation• Travels of Marco Polo(1271-

1295 AD): Venice to Beijing– Il Milione (The Million, Travels

of Polo)

Gothic

• Gothic style

– High pointed arch

– Flying buttresses

– Aisle, nave

– Stained glass at the window

• The Cathedral of Chartres, Notre Dame de Paris, Reims, The Cathedral of Amiens

Literature and Drama• Church music and Polyphonic Music (no instrument)•Anonymous literatureThree levels:

–Knight: Chanson de Roland (Roland’s loyalty to Charlemagne)–Royal: King Arthur& The knights of the round table–Middle class: Roman de Renart (the fox represents the middle class)

•Liturgical Play, Mystery Play, Miracle Play

Italian Renaissance• Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453 AD)

• English king over French territory

– Vassals (Gascony and Aquitaine)

• English economic interests

– Woolen trade with Flanders (support Flemish rebellion against the French)

• No direct line successor for the French throne Capetian in 1328 AD.

• France: richest country, more population

• England:

– Superior military tactics: archers vs. knights (Crecy, Poitiers, Agincourt)

– Fought on French soil: not suffered from the result of war

• Joan of Arc fought for Charles VII but was captured later by the Bugundians.

• The war ended when:

– Burgundy withdrew from the English alliance in 1435

– Incompetent King Henry VI

– Capture of Bordeaux in 1453

Italian Renaissance

• The great famine (1315-1317 AD)• Black Death (1346-1350 AD)

– From Asia – Carrier: flea from rats– Infection: lymph, respiratory, blood– 1/3 of people died– People thought that the disease

was a punishment from God– Flagellant Brothers: tortured

themselves to stop the spread of the disease

Did it work?– Poland wasn’t affected

• The Great Schism: Pope in Avignon vs. Pope in Rome (1378-1417 AD)

Italian Renaissance

• Johann Gutenberg: printed bible

• Alchemists

• Christopher Columbus (1492)– People thought that

the world’s flat

– Supported by the

Spanish King

– Santa Maria Ship

– West Indies (New World)

EU MedievalTime Politic, Economic,

SocietyKnowledge,Philosophy, ReligionTechnology

Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture

Literature, Drama,Music

Germanic TribesMerovingian (Frank) 500-750 ADCarolingian (Frank) 750-900 ADOttonian (German) 900-1000 AD

ComitatusCharlemagne (800-814 AD)Subsistence economyOtto I :Battle of Lechfeld :Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire

Heavy plowAge of FaithHoly Roman Empire (955 AD) Cannon Law, Excommunication, Interdiction

Migration Art: Animal StyleCloissone, Filigree, RepousseThe Palatine Chapel of Charlemagne at Aachen, Gospel books

Church Music: single line of melody sung to Latin texts without harmony or instrument: Gregorian ChantPolyphonic Music: Organum, Motet: Guillaume de Machaut

Romanesque1000-1150 AD

Feudalism= Comitatus(Germanic)+ Patron and Client System or Master and Slave Relations(Roman), Lord and VassalManorial System: Lord of the Manor vs. farmers, villeins or serfsJohn of England: Magna Carta

1054 AD Greek Orthodoxseparation

Christianity and Priest influence: Cathedral of St. Pierre,Latin Cross Style, Pisa Fresco, Tapestry

Minstrels: chanting long poems about heroic deeds: Song of RolandTroubadours, trouveres

Gothic1150-1350 AD

Crusade warRise of the national monarchiesTrade: Hanseatic League, Champagne trade expo, BourgeoisHundred Years’ War (1337-1453 AD)

Paris University, Oxford and Cambridge UniversitiesTheologyTravels of Marco Polo(1271-1295 AD)

The Cathedral of Chartres, Notre Dame de Paris, Reims, The Cathedral of Amiens

Anonymous literature

Chanson de RolandRoman de Renart, King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table, Liturgical Play, Mystery Play, Miracle Play

Italian Renaissance1350-1500 AD

The great famine (1315-1317 AD)

Black Death (1346-1350 AD)

The Great Schism: Avignon vs. Rome (1378-1417 AD)Johann Gutenberg printed bibleAlchemistsChristopher Columbus (1492)

Leonardo da Vinci: (1452-1519):The Annunciation, Virgin on the Rocks, The Last Supper, Mona LisaMichelangelo: (1472-1564): Pieta, David, Moses, Sistine Chapel: The Last Judgement, Chief architect: St. Peter’s BasilicaRaphael: (1483-1520), The Marriage of the Virgin, Madonna with Goldfinch, The School of Athens, Pope Fulius 2

Homework

• Art work for Leonardo da Vinci and Michael Angelo

• Table for 1500-1900 AD.

• Late homework -2 per week.

• Medieval Exam on January 25, 2010.