Wissenstechnologie I

Wissenstechnologie WS 08/09

Michael Granitzer

IWM TU Graz & Know-CenterIWM TU Graz & Know Center

http://kmi tugraz at http://www know center athttp://kmi.tugraz.at http://www.know-center.atThis work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Austria License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/at/.

TodayToday

OrganizationOrganization

Overview, Motivation and Goals of this lecture

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http://kmi.tugraz.at

Wissenstechnologie @ kmi.tugraz.at

Organization

LecturerLecturer

• Michael Granitzer([email protected])

Topicsp

Semantic Web & Top Down Knowledge Modelling

Web 2.0 & Bottom Up Knowledge Creation

Homepage:

http://kmi.tugraz.at/blogs/wissenstechnologie

Wordpress Blog

News and slides for the lecture

3Slildes will be in English, lectures as needed

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Organization

Weekly lectures, no mandatory attendancy (KeineAnwesenheitspflicht)

Interrupt me on questions

Mandatory attendance (Anwesenheitspflicht) for guest lectures & students presentation (mixed English/German)& students presentation (mixed English/German)

If you can not participate, write me an e-mail

Lectures from 10:15 to around 11:45. Rest is used for practical pexercise

News will be on the blog ( use RSS!)

4Enroll for the course: Deadline is 15.10.08

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Organization

Free Feed-ReaderFree Feed Reader

Google Reader

http://www.google.de/readerp // g g /

Mozilla Thunderbird

http://www.mozilla.com/thunderbird/

Omea Reader

http://www.jetbrains.com/omea/reader/

Others

5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_feed_aggregators

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Organization – Practical Excercise

Practical/technical or theoretical working out of particular topics in groups fof 2-4

Presentation of your results in December/Januar

Topics p

Presented next week

Announced also on the bloghttp://kmi.tugraz.at/blogs/wissenstechnologie/ubungsthemen/ttp // tug a at/b ogs/ sse stec o og e/ubu gst e e /

Passwort: wt08

Own proposals are possible as long as they fit the topic of thelecturelecture

Details: http://kmi.tugraz.at/blogs/wissenstechnologie/prufungsmodus/

You can cancel your participation in this course during the entire course of this semester (will not result in a negative grade)

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course of this semester (will not result in a negative grade)

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Organization – Grading

Theoretical Exercise

Gather relevant literature for a specific topic using Bibsonomy (bibsonomy.org) and compile an overview on the topic (10 %)

– Tag with WT08 UNIQUE_GROUP_TAG– Make your publications accessible via RSS

Collaboratively write a paper on the relevant literature using Google Docs (45 %)

Invite me as viewer (mgrani@gmail com)– Invite me as viewer ([email protected])– Paper should be around 8-12 pages depending on the group size– Not only the content will be judged, but also how it was created

7Presentation of the results (45 %)

Make clear who in the group did what

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Organization – Grading

Technical Exercise

Technical documentation using Google Docs (10%)

– Invite me as viewer ([email protected])– Requirements definition– System architecture and software design– Documentation

Implementation (50%)

Short Presentation of the prototype/solution (40%)

8Make clear who in the group did what

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Organization – Scheduling

Milestone Theoretical Technical How?Milestone TheoreticalExercise

Technical Exercise

How?

Next Week Topic presentation In the lecture/ on (8.10.08) the blog

22.10.08 Topic selection and group announcement

via E-Mail to me

24.11.08 Gathering of relevant Literature finished

RequirementsDefinition finished

Bibsonomy/ Google Docs

11 12 08 & O l t ti O l t ti 11.12.08 & 08.01.09

Oral presentation of results & feedback from my side

Oral presentation of results & feedback from my side

929.01.09 Delivery of final

resultsDelivery of final results

Via Google Docs

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Fragen

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TodayToday

OrganisatorischesOrganisatorisches

Overview, Motivation and Goals of this lecture

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Agenda

The digital world (wide web) todayThe digital world (wide web) today

Our problem: the semantic gap

S l ti S ti W b !?Solution Semantic Web !?

Solution „Web 2.0“/Social Web!?

How to get there…

The lectures agenda

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The digital world (wide web) todayIt’s structureIt s structure

13The web is a bow tieNature 405, 113(11 May 2000)doi:10 1038/35012155

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doi:10.1038/35012155

The digital world (wide web) todayIt’s size

Information growth per yearInformation growth per year(including print, film, optical etc.)

Wachstum

999

800

900

1000

500

600

700

800

xaby

tes

160100

200

300

400Ex

141,6 50

100

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Jahr

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In 2002: 5 Exabytes new information storedAll words ever spoken by mankind(http://www2.sims.berkeley.edu/research/projects/how-much-info-2003)

In 2006 2010: 161 998 ExabytesIn 2006-2010: 161 - 998 Exabyteshttp://www.emc.com/about/destination/digital_universe/pdf/Expanding_Digital_Universe_IDC_WhitePaper_022507.pdf

161 exabyte 6 tons of books to read for every human on earth

998 exabytes: book stack from pluto to earth

¼ of the digital universe in 2006 is orignal content

¼ is contributed by images

Voice accounts for 20%

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The internet is a primer mover for the growth of digital information

User generated content adds for 75%g

25% of the digital universe has been created in the workplaces of organizations

It’s huge!

It grows fast!

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The digital world (wide web) today...and so?

Our brains/abilities did not change that fast

Information/Knowledge Workers spend

14 5 h k i di d i il14.5 hours a week in reading and answering e-mails

13.3 hours creating documents

9 6 hours searching 9.6 hours searching

9.5 hours analyzing information

95% of the digital universe is unstructured. in organizations g gits slightly better by having “only” 80% of unstructured information

But: unstructured information is hard to process

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The Semantic GapThe Semantic Gap

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The Semantic Gapphttp://dbpedia.org/page/Paul_McCartney

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Semantic Gap

Knowledge Ideas

Semantic

HumanOntologies

Concepts

thoughts

proc

essa

blep

Information

Metadata

Documents

proces

20Data Machine

Binary Data

Video Streams

ssable

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Web 2.0 aka the Social Web

What Is Web 2 0?What Is Web 2.0?

Technical: “Web 2.0 … The Machine is Us/ing Us“

htt // t b / t h? 6 P4 k0EOEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gmP4nk0EOE

Businesses: „Web 2.0 Remix“

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LcIDhJsOl0A

Tim O'Reilly on What is Web 2.0?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CQibri7gpLM

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Web 2.0What to conclude?What to conclude?

Web 2.0

New kind of internet businesses

New services and mashup of services

New (more concrete?) user generated content

Collaboration & communication

Prosumer Consumer + ProducerProsumer = Consumer + Producer

What else?

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Web 2.0 Design Patterns

The Long TailThe Long Tail

Smaller communities are the mass of people (e.g. Amazon.com)

Data is the Next Intel Inside

Smart applications are needing smart data (GMail, Amazon Reviews und Recommender, vgl. BarnesAndNoble.com)

Users Add ValueUsers Add Value

User generated content and usage data (vgl. GoogleMaps, Amazon ASIN, usw.)

Network Effects by Default

Exploiting community effects for satisfying the community/increasingthe community (avalance effect)

23htt // ill / b/ / ill /ti / /2005/09/30/ h t i b 20 ht l? 5

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http://www.oreilly.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html?page=5

Web 2.0 Design Patterns

Some Rights ReservedSome Rights Reserved

Reuse of data, (Creative Commons, Open Source)

The Perpetual Beta

Continuous development as the community needs it(vgl. Office 10, 11, 12 -> Flickr)

Cooperate Don‘t ControlCooperate, Don t Control

Aggregation of content and mashups

Software above the Level of the Single Deviceg

Combining different devices into one application (e.g. PC and Smart Phones, PDA, Tablets etc. )

24htt // ill / b/ / ill /ti / /2005/09/30/ h t i b 20 ht l? 5

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http://www.oreilly.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html?page=5

Web 2.0How does it help?How does it help?

Pros:

Social Bookmarking & Tagging: Adding Metadata to existingInformation

Collaborative Creation of Information: WikipediaCollaborative Creation of Information: Wikipedia

Social Search: Connecting people

Context based search & recommender systems

Specialised services and mashup of services

Cons:

Increase in information growth

Again information is unstructured

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Semantic Web Video

Tim Berners-Lee on the Semantic WebTim Berners Lee on the Semantic Web

http://www.technologyreview.com/video/semantic

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Semantic Web Semantic Web

Web of dataWeb of data

Decentral

I t lli t A tIntelligent Agent

Increase in information quality

Let the machine do the hard work…

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Search in the WWWAn exampleAn example

Image search for „Apache“

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The Problem of Meaning

Searching for character sequences, not forconcepts

Syntactic search does not recognice

Synonyms: different syntax, equal semantic(e.g. „money“,“cash“, „dollars“)

l diff i (Homonyme: equal syntax, different semantic (e.g. „Apache “)

Meaning in a particular context (e g linux and

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Meaning in a particular context (e.g. linux andwindows as operating systems)

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The Problem of Relationships

No Meaning of RealtionshipsNo Meaning of Realtionships

Who tried to shoot Mr. Burns in „Who shot Mr. Burns? Part 1“ (6. Season)( )

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Definition „Semantic Web“

The Semantic Web is an extension of the current Web in The Semantic Web is an extension of the current Web in which information is given well-defined meaning, betterenabling computers and people to work in cooperations.

[Berners-Lee et al. 2001]

http://www.sciam.com/print_version.cfm?articleID=00048144-10D2-1C70-84A9809EC588EF2110D2 1C70 84A9809EC588EF21

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The Vision as Application Scenario

Plan a trip via the internet using your personal agentPlan a trip via the internet using your personal agent

Agent searches automatically for

Suitable flight Suitable flight

Suitable hotels

Alternative routesAlternative routes

Also, the software agent tells you why it made this decision!

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Intelligent Web = Semantic Web + Social WebWeb 3 0 = Semantic Web + Web 2 0 ;)Web 3.0 Semantic Web + Web 2.0 ;)

• Semantic Wave Report. (http://www readwriteweb com/archives/semantic wave 2008 free report php)(http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/semantic_wave_2008_free_report.php)

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AgendaSemantic WebInferenz & ReasoningS ti W b S iSemantic Web ServicesSemantic Search…

SemanticTechnologies

Semantic Web StackW b 2 0XML, RDFS, OWL,

OWL-DLOntologies

Web 2.0Ontology Modelling, Alignment& MatchingREST, AJAX, Syndication

Representationof Knowledge

, , yTagging, FolksonomiesOpen Linked Data

O t l L i

Unstructured

Ontology Learning Text MiningInformation Retrieval

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PeopleUnstructuredInformation

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Preliminary Agenda

D t T iDate Topic8.10. Semantic Web Stack: From URI‘s to RDF16.10. Semantic Web Stack (cont‘d): RDF-S, OWL 16.10. Semantic Web Stack (cont d): RDF S, OWL

and Description Logic23.10. Ontology Modelling, Ontology Alignment &

MappingMapping30.10.6.11.

RDF Triple Stores, Query Languages, Information Retrieval vs. Semantic Search

13.11. Guest Lectures: Semantic Web Services &Open Linked Data

20.11. Web 2.0 Part I: Basic Concepts and Ideas,

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20.11. Web 2.0 Part I: Basic Concepts and Ideas, Folksonomies, Tagging, Microformats etc.

27.11. Web 2.0 Part II: Social Semantic Systems4 12 O t l L i f T t

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4.12. Ontology Learning from Text

Preliminary Agenda

D t T iDate Topic11.12. Student presentation & feedback08.01. Student presentation & feedback08.01. Student presentation & feedback15.01. Guest Lectures: Blog Analysis, Relationship

Detection22.01. Guest Lectures: Context Detection29.01. Wrap Up: A summary of the semester

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Points you should take away from thislecturelecture

What is the Semantic Web?What is the Semantic Web?

What is/is not Web 2.0?

What are the differences between the SemanticWhat are the differences between the SemanticWeb and Web 2.0?

What is the need for Web 2.0 and the SemanticWeb?

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That‘s it for today…

Thanks for your attention

Questions/comments?

i @[email protected]

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License

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Austria License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons org/licenses/by/2 0/at/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/at/.

Contributors:

Mathias Lux

Peter Scheir

Klaus Tochtermann

39Michael Granitzer

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Wissenstechnologie I

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