Wise computing 20150215 v5

From Cognitive Computing To Wise (or Wisdom) Computing:

A Service Science PerspectiveJim Spohrer, IBM

AAAS Annual Meeting, San Jose, CA USA

February 15, 2015

2/16/2015© IBM 2015, IBM Upward University

Programs Worldwide accelerating regional development

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Today’s Talk

• Questions– Smarter, yes; But wiser? – How can we be sure?

• Progressions– Tool, assistant, collaborator, ?– ? = cognitive machine, moral entity

• Occupations– Cognitive assistants for all occupations– Smart service systems– Everyone can afford an executive

secretary and personal coach



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“A service scienceperspective considersthe evolving ecology of service system entities, their capabilities, constraints,rights, and responsibilities.

Smarter, yes



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Ken Jennings jokingly wrote: “(I for one welcome our new computer overlords)”

But wiser?



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“Wise leaders make decisions only after they figure out what is good for the organization and society.”

“Practical wisdom is tacit knowledge acquired from experience that enables people to make prudent judgments and take actions based on the actual situation, guided by values and morals.”

Iwano: Cyber + Reality 1.0 = Reality 2.0The emerging “cyber-coated reality”

• Reality 1.0 Relationships

• Reality 2.0 Relationships include Cyber-relationships:– “Cogs” for all roles

• People-people• People-organizations• People-things• People-information

– Cogs = cognitive assistant intermediary



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Source: ResourcesForLife.com

What is “cyber-coated reality” like?• From Bacteria to “nervous-system-

coated reality”• From Simple Machines to “cyber-

coated reality”• Complex Adaptive Systems

– Physical systems– Chemical systems– Biological systems– Social systems– Socio-technical systems– Physical symbol systems– Cognitive systems– Service systems

• Capabilities & Constraints• Rights & Responsibilities

– Smart service systems• AKA “cognitive service systems”

– Wise service systems



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Source teachersparadise.com

Progression

• Tool

• Assistant

• Collaborator

• ?

– Fear: “overlord”

– Design goal: “moral entity”



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Source Amazon.com

First three items from a discussion withPaul Maglio (UCMerced) & Don Norman (UCSD)

Brief History of AI

1956 – Dartmouth Conference1956 – 1981 Micro-Worlds1981 – Japanese 5th Generation1988 – Expert Systems Peak1990 – AI Winter1997 – Deep Blue1997 – 2011 Real-World2011 – Jeopardy! & SIRI2013 – Cognitive Systems Institute2014 – Watson Business Unit2015 – “Cognition as a Service”

on IBM Bluemix



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Vision: Augment & Scale Expertise



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Cognitive Assistants - Occupations



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Biochemist/Biochemical Engineer



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Occupations = Many Tasks



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Watson Discovery Advisor



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Simonite, T. 2014. Software Mines Science Papers to Make New Discoveries. MIT. November 25, 2014.URL: http://m.technologyreview.com/news/520461/software-mines-science-papers-to-make-new-discoveries/

User Models



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New Era of Computing:Cognitive Technologies & Componentry

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Natural Language– Reasoning, Logic & Planning

– Symbolic Processing

– Natural Language Processing

– Ranking of Hypotheses

– Knowledge Representations

– Domain-Specific Ontologies

– Information Storage/Retrieval

– Machine Learning, Reasoning

– Von Neumann Componentry

– OpenPOWER Systems

Pattern Recognition– Recognition, Sensing & Acting

– Pattern Processing

– Image & Speech Processing

– Ranking of Hypotheses

– Pattern Representations

– Domain-Specific Neural Nets

– Information Storage/Retrieval

– Machine Learning, Perception

– Neuromorphic Componentry

– TrueNorth & Corelets Systems

AI for IA:

Intelligence

Augmentation

Cognitive Systems

(“Cogs”) that boost

learning,

discovery,

engagement,

transformation, and

long-range planning.

Cognition as a Service



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Watson Platform on BlueMix



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CSIG: Cognitive Systems Institute Group

LinkedIn discussion Cognitive-Systems-Institute-6729452

Web site for resource sharing

cognitive-science.info

Bluemix

ibm.biz/HackBluemix

ibm.biz/LearnBluemix

$0.07 per GB-Hour (*)



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* = check online for current pricing info

https://www.linkedin.com/redirect?url=http://ibm.biz/HackBluemix&urlhash=FMhH&_t=tracking_anet

https://www.linkedin.com/redirect?url=http://ibm.biz/LearnBluemix&urlhash=53Uz&_t=tracking_anet

Smarter Service Systems Workshop



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National Science FoundationA feature of a service system is the participation and cooperation of the customer in the service and its delivery. A service system then requires an integration of knowledge and technologies from a range of disciplines, often including engineering, computer science, social science, behavioral science, and cognitive science, paired with market knowledge to increase its social benefit.

Nano-Bio-Info-Cogno2/16/2015

© IBM 2015, IBM Upward University Programs Worldwide accelerating regional

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Future Research Directions

• “The CSIG Algorithm”

• Cognitive Assistants for Policy Maker– “Debater” is coming

– Objective functions for other entities

• Wise/Wisdom Computing Needs:– Literature review

– Roadmap of steps



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Source http://www.linkedin/group/Cognitive-Systems-Institute-6729452

Literature Review



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Related Work: Steve Omohundro



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Source http://www.parc.com/event/2127/ai-and-robotics-at-an-inflection-point.html

Join ISSIP.orgProfessional Development for Smart Service System Innovators

• 2015 Conferences– HICSS, Honolulu, HI, Jan 5-8– T Summit, E Lansing, MI, Mar 16-17– ICSERV,San Jose, CA July 6-8– Frontiers, San Jose, CA July 9-12– AHFE HSSE,Las Vegas, NV July 23-27



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IBM operates in 170 countries around the globe

Acquisitions contribute significantly to IBM’s growth ; ~120 acquisitions in last decade

Number 1 in patent generation for more than two decades

More than 40% of IBMs workforce does business away from an office

5 Nobel Laureates10 time winner of the President’s National Medal of Technology & Innovation – latest for LASIK laser refractivesurgical techniques

The Smartest Machine On Earth

100 Years of Business & Innovation in 2011

New Era in IBM’s Leadership

IBM Growth Initiatives

IBM has ~400,000 employees worldwide

Jim Spohrer, IBM

• Dr. James (“Jim”) C. Spohrer is Director IBM Global University Programs and leads IBM’s Cognitive Systems Institute. The Cognitive Systems Institute works to align cognitive systems researchers in academics, government, and industry globally to improve productivity and creativity of problem-solving professionals, transforming learning, discovery, and sustainable development. IBM University Programs works to align IBM and universities globally for innovation amplification and T-shaped skills. Jim co-founded IBM’s first Service Research group, ISSIP Service Science community, and was founding CTO of IBM’s Venture Capital Relations Group in Silicon Valley. He was awarded Apple Computers’ Distinguished Engineer Scientist and Technology title for his work on next generation learning platforms. Jim has a Yale PhD in Computer Science/Artificial Intelligence and MIT BS in Physics. His research priorities include service science, cognitive systems for smart holistic service systems, especially universities and cities. With over ninety publications and nine patents, he is also a PICMET Fellow and a winner of the S-D Logic award.



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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Spohrer

http://www.slideshare.net/spohrer/t-shaped-people-20130628-v5

http://www.cognitive-science.info

https://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=6729452

http://www.slideshare.net/spohrer/t-shaped-people-20130628-v5

http://issip.org

http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=7T2Pz1YAAAAJ

http://www.picmet.org/main/fellows.asp

http://www.sdlogic.net/awards-and-recognitions.html

Professional Roles

• Director Global University Programs and Cognitive Systems Institute (2014 - )– http://cognitive-science.info– Cognitive Assistants for all occupations in smart service systems

• Director IBM Global University Programs (2009 – 2014)– http://www.ibm.com/university – 6 R’s - research, readiness, recruiting, revenue, responsibility, regions)– Universities as “smarter service systems” and startup engines of their regions

• Founding Director of IBM’s first Service Research group (2003 - 2009)– http://www.service-science.info– Service Science (short for Service Science Management Engineering Design Arts Public Policy)– http://www.issip.org– International Society of Service Innovation Professionals (ISSIP)

• Founding CTO of IBM’s Venture Capital Relations Group (1999-2002)• Apple Computer’s (Distinguished Engineer Scientist and Technologist) award (90’s)• Student: Ph.D. Computer Science/Artificial Intelligence from Yale University (80’s)• Researcher: Dialogue Systems/VERBEX – Speech Recognition Startup (1978-1982)• Student: B.S. in Physics from MIT (1974-1978)



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Measuring Impact (2003-2009)• SSME: IBM Icon of Progress & IBM Research Outstanding Accomplishment

– Internal 10x return: CBM, IDG, SDM Pricing & Costing, BIW COBRA, SIMPLE, IoFT, Fringe, VCR• Key was tools to model customers & IBM better• Also tools to shift routine physical, mental, interactional & identify synergistic new ventures• Alignment with Smarter Planet & Analytics (instrumented, interconnected, intelligent)• Alignment with Smarter Cities, Smarter Campus, Smarter Buildings (Holistic Service Systems)

– External: More than $1B in national investments in Service Innovation activities– External: Increase conferences, journals, and publications– External: Service Science SIGs in Professional Associations– External: Course & Program Guidelines for T-shaped Professionals, 500+ institutions– External: National Service Science Institutions, Books & Case Studies (Open Services Innovation)– External: International Society of Service Innovation Professionals (ISSIP)

• Service Research, a Portfolio Approach– 1. Improve existing offerings (value propositions that can move the needle on KPI’s)– 2. Create new offerings (for old and new customers)– 3. Improve outcomes insourcing, outsourcing, acquisitions, divestitures (interconnect-fission-fusion)– 4. For all three of the above, improve customer/partner capabilities (ratchet each other up)– 5. For all four of the above, increase patents and service IP assets (some donated to open forums)– 6. For all five of the above, increase publications and body-of-knowledge (professional associations)





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Wise computing 20150215 v5

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