Wireline NMR Combined With Azimuthal Logs Define Flow Capacity and Homogeneity within High Angle Geothermal Well Chiara Cavalleri and Erik Wielemaker, Schlumberger SPWLA France – Technical Session Paris, SGF, 27 November 2018
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Wireline NMR Combined With Azimuthal Logs
Define Flow Capacity and Homogeneity within
High Angle Geothermal Well
Chiara Cavalleri and Erik Wielemaker, Schlumberger
SPWLA France – Technical Session
Paris, SGF, 27 November 2018
▪ Introduction
▪ Project Objectives
▪ Evaluation Workflow
▪ Data Analysis and Results
▪ Summary
Outline
▪ Geothermal as a viable means to provide an alternative energy source.
▪ Intelligent workflows and data gathering are needed to manage those resources optimally.
▪ Highlight importance of logging in decision-making to confirm producibility potential and define
development strategies
▪ We will highlight an example from a near Horizontal well in the Cachan project (Paris , France)
▪ Example show how NMR data together with sonic and azimuthal image data was used to
determine mobility variations in target layer
▪ In particular, NMR data was critical to determine the strategy for completion of the well.
Introduction
▪ Evaluation of Sub-horizontal Geothermal Well –
injection unit
▪ Open hole drain, 8″1/2 in diameter and 1 005 m
long in the Dogger/Bathonian, Mid Jurassic,
oolithic limestone, target reservoir.
▪ Thin, metric size, (up) dip varying, bed structure.
▪ Wireline logging objectives: Determine Mobility
along the Oolite layer and assess homogeneity
to aid completion decisions
Cachan: A World First in Geothermal Development
Data analysis → Inputs to development
Rock quality and productive segments characterization Porosity and permeability; rock heterogeneity
Wireline Logging tractor conveyed
Dipole Sonic NMR Magnetic Resonance
Drilling & Geosteering
Cuttings analysis Logging while drilling
▪ The different logs combined to structural model
provide multiple important information.
▪ We look at layers’ heterogeneity and permeability
distribution.
Facies Analysis
Pore Size
Distribution
T2, msec
Sig
na
l Dis
trib
ution
Continuous
Permeability
T2, msec
Sig
na
l Dis
trib
ution
T2, msec
Sig
na
l Dis
trib
ution
Mineralogy-
Independent
Porosity
T2, msec
Sig
na
l Dis
trib
ution
Irreducible Water
and Free-Fluid
Volumes
T2, msec
Sig
na
l Dis
trib
ution
Bound-
fluid
Free-
fluid
∫T2=
T2
cutoff33ms
Proton Relaxation T2 Dist Porosity, Permeability
Porosity, Pore Structure & Connectivity
Formation Evaluation Approach
Data analysis → Inputs to development
Rock quality and productive segments characterization Porosity and permeability; rock heterogeneity
Wireline Logging tractor conveyed
Dipole Sonic NMR Magnetic Resonance
Drilling & Geosteering
Cuttings analysis Logging while drilling
▪ We also show some preliminary observation from
advanced sonic.
Formation Evaluation Approach
Dipole at any azimuth
azimuthal receivers
Homogeneous anisotropic
Frequency
Slo
wn
ess
VS
(q )Intrinsic:
Shales ,
fractures
Inhomogeneous anisotropic
Slo
wn
ess
Frequency
Stress
induced
VS
(r, q )
Homogeneous anisotropic
Frequency
Slo
wn
ess
VS
(q )Intrinsic:
Shales ,
fractures
Homogeneous anisotropic
Frequency
Slo
wn
ess
VS
(q )
Intrinsic:
Shales
,
fractures
Inhomogeneous anisotropic
Slo
wn
ess
Frequency
Stress
induced
VS
(r, q )
Slo
wn
ess
Frequency
Stress
induced
VS
(r, q )
Inhomogeneous anisotropic
3ms 200ms
• The formation is heterogeneous.
• NMR Carbonate Porosity Partitioning characterizes the pore system
and ability for fluid to move layer-by-layer
NMR Porosity and Permeability Analysis
Main pore system classes and
permeability from porosity spectrum
analysis
Permeability controlled by porosity
and macro-pore volumes
High Porosity zone
High Porosity zone
Layers with best productive performance
assessed and identified by Wireline
logging together with density images
Linking Logs to Structural UnderstandingSWI/FFI
Permeability
AZD Image
Porosities
RHO Bot/top
Pore size
NMR T2
Caliper/ GR
Measurements Orientation and Layering Effect
All measurements are sensitive to the
proximity of the other layer
Log analysis and
measurements
comparison define
target zones
properties and
contribution
NM
R
So
nic
Res
isti
vity
Depth of investigation [in]
Ver
t. r
eso
luti
on
[in
]
0
10
20
30
Den
sity
Adjacent (above) layer effect on deeper
azimuthal sensor
11
TOP
BOT
NMR measures the properties of the
target layer in most interval
NMR remain focused on oolite
layer and its properties variations
Higher permeability zones
We look at layers’
heterogeneity and
permeability
distribution.
Change in pores ability to conduit fluid, in
same porosity, is well defined by NMR
Different measurements response to tight
later approaching from below
Heterogeneity and mixed layering
Variable flow
capacity and
layering effects
clearly described
by logs.
Near monopole
single azimuth logsDipole
Fast Shear
Dipole
Slow Shear
▪ Layer distance and homogeneity even
more defined when looking at the full set
of sonic azimuthal sensors.
▪ Despite the proximity of dolomite faster
formation, the shear that is polarized.
horizontally read the properties of the
oolite in target zones.
▪ Adding confidence to the characterization
of oolite properties and variations
provided by high-res NMR.
A Deeper Look at Sonic
Wireline conveyed logging in high angle well proved being a viable approach.
Efficient Logging Conveyance
TVDSS [m]
Well
▪ The collaborative use of multiple methodologies (drilling, logging,…) improves producibility estimation and
effectively.
▪ The refined and integrated workflow can be applied to different cases and complex field descriptions with
flexibility for adaption to specific field challenges as needed.
Conclusions
While logging
• Porosity and permeability
• Layers homogeneity
After logging
• Target injection/producing layers selection
For the future
• Rock typing
• Far events’ mapping; structural model update
• Geomechanics
Thanks for your attention!
Special thanks to:
Pierre Ungemach, Miklos Antics, Melanie Davaux at GPC-IP
http://www.geoproduction.fr/
for their technical contribution and continuous collaboration
Dalkia for the input data
https://www.dalkia.fr/
Acknowledgement
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