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Presentation on
WIRELESS
TECHNOLOGY
By:
Ankit Agrawal
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Introduction
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Introduction
The term Wireless.
Wireless & Cordless Are they same?
Wireless Networks
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The Beginning
Most important discovery in Wireless history
made in 1888 by Rudolf Hertz.
First radio factory called Wireless Telegraphand Signal Companyset up by G. Marconi
in 1896.
The first commercially available radio
telephone network made available by Bell
Telephone Company in early 1950s.
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Types Of Radiations
Radiowaves Wireless transmission of signals, by modulation.
It uses two methods:a)AM(.3 3 MHz) b)FM (3-30 MHz)
Microwaves
Easily passes through the earth's. Less Interference.
More bandwidth than Radio transmission.
Used in Bluetooth
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Types Of Radiations
Infrared
Do not penetrate walls.
Is used in Remote controls.
It is used in Night-Mode
photography.
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Cellular Networks
A cellular networkis a radio network made up of a number
ofradio cells.
Cellular networks offer a number of advantages over
alternative solutions: increased capacity
reduced power usage
better coverage
Primary Feature FDMA
CDMA
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Cellular Telephony
0G
Generally old private mobilenetworks
PushTo Talk
1G
Using Analog Signal
Listen to Handset Frequency typically 150MHz and above
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Cellular Telephony
2G
Uses Digital Signal
Not only voice but now data also likeSMS,GPRS,E- mail, EGPRS
Increased capacity Emitted radio power decreased
Allowed digital error checking
Steep Dropout
Do not support cloned handset
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Cellular Telephony
3G
simultaneously both voice data and non-voice data
capacity to support greater numbers of
voice and data customers Lack of coverage because it is still new
service
Expense of 3G phones
High prices of 3G mobile services in somecountries, including Internet access
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Cellular Telephony
4G
No set definition to what 4G is
Wireless World ResearchForum (WWRF)defines 4G as a network that operates onInternet technology i.e. fully IP based
Smoothhandover across heterogeneousnetwork
Interoperable with the existing wirelessstandards
High quality of service for next generation
multimedia support
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Short Range P-to -P
Wireless Microphones
Handheld
Large enoughHeavy
Body pack
Separate housing
Wired Microphone
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Wireless Microphone
Advantages
Freedom OfMovement
Avoids Cabling Problem
Limitations
Limited Range
Limited Time period
Interference With Nearby Radio Equipment
Cost
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Remote Control
First wired Remote-control was Developed by Zenith
Radio Corporation in early 1950s
Flashmatic- wireless remote control in 1955
Remote Control as seen
by digital camera.
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Wireless LAN
Ad-hoc network uses no access point
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Wireless LAN
Advantages
Convenience and mobility
Less complex and Low Cost
Expandable
Limitations
Security Range
Speed(1-54 Mbps)
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Wi-Fi
Uses A Wi-Fi enabled device such as a computer or cell phone can connect to
the Internet when in proximity of an access point.
Wi-Fi also allows connectivity in peer-to-peer (wireless ad-hoc network)
mode, which enables devices to connect directly with each other.
More standards are in development that will allow Wi-Fi to be used by
cars inh
igh
ways in support of an IntelligentTransportation System toincrease safety, gather statistics, and enable mobile commerce.
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Wi-Fi
How ItWorks?In fact, communication across a wireless network
is a lot like two-way radio communication.
Here's what happens: A computer's wireless adapter translates data
into a radio signal and transmits it using an
antenna.
A wireless router receives the signal and decodes it.
It sends th
e information to th
e Internet using a ph
ysical,wired Ethernet connection.
This process also works in reverse.
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Wi-Fi
Advantages ofWi-Fi Allows LANs to be deployed without cabling, typically reducing the costs of
network deployment and expansion.
Wi-Fi chipset pricing continues to come down.
Wi-Fi products are widely available in the market.
Wi-Fi is a global set of standards. Unlike cellular carriers, the same Wi-Fi
client works in different countries around the world.
As of 2006, WPA and WPA2 encryption are not easily crackable if strong
passwords are used. New protocols for Quality of Service (WMM) and power saving
mechanisms (WMM Power Save) makes Wi-Fi even more suitable for
applications relating to audio and video.
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Wi-Fi
Limitations ofWi-Fi
Power consumption is fairly high.
Many 2.4 GHz 802.11b and 802.11g access points default to the same
channel, contributing to congestion on certain channels. Wi-Fi pollution, meaning interference of a closed or encrypted access
point with other open access points in the area.
A typical Wi-Fi home router using 802.11b or 802.11g with a stock antenna
might have a range of 45 m indoors and 90 m outdoors.
Wi-Fi networks can be monitored and used to read and copy data
(including personal information) transmitted over the network.
The speed and reliability of the wired connection might be worth the
hassle of running the wire, versus the cost of buying a wireless adapter.
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Wi-Fi
Standard Devices
Wireless Adapter
A wireless adapter allows a device to connect to a wireless network.
Wireless Access Point (WAP)
A wireless access point connects a group of wireless devices to an
adjacent wired LAN. An access point is similar to an Ethernet hub, relaying
data between connected wireless devices in addition to a (usually) single
connected wired device.
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Wi-Fi
Standard Devices
Wireless Ethernet Bridge
A wireless Ethernet bridge connects a wired network to a wireless
network. This is different from an access point in the sense that an access
point connects wireless devices to a wired network at the data-link layer.
Range ExtenderA wireless range extender or wireless repeater can extend the range
of an existing wireless network.
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Personal Area Network
Definition: computer network used for
communication
Bluetooth: industrial specification for
wireless personal area networks
Bluetooth PAN: piconet
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Personal Area Network
Bluetooth vs. Wi-Fi in networking
Bluetooth 2.0
Three times faster transmission speed.
Lower power consumption.
Simplification of multi-link scenarios due to more available
bandwidth.
Future of Bluetooth Automatic encryption change
Extended inquiry response
Sniff subrating
Simple pairing
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Personal Area NetworkCommunication and connection : A master
Bluetooth device can communicate with up to seven
devices.
Setting up connectionsPairing : Pairs of devices may establish a trusted
relationship by learning a shared secret
Healt
hconcern: cause irreversible damage to
human tissue.
Origin of the name : Harald Bluetooth King ofDenmark and Norway
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WiMAX
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Access
Uses
Connecting Wi-Fi hotspots
Providing a wireless alternative
Providing high-speed
Providing a diverse source of Internet connectivity
Broadband Access
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WiMAX
Limitation : Decreases with distance
Mobile applications
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WiMAX
Advantages over WiFi :
Has less interference and broader range.
Better upload speed than Wi-Fi.
No need for direct line of sight.
It is the last mile solution for ISPs
Covers a big area while Wi-Fi is mainly suitable for
home or office network.
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The Future
DSL or Cable
High DefinitionDisplay
Standard
Definition
Display
Gateway /Router
MultimediaServer
VoWLANHandset /
PDA
Computer
Printer
Ethernet; Cat5 Cable and/or Home Plug
GameConsole
Desktop PC or MACHD/SD Tuners,
DVD, DVR, Etc. 11g+11e2.4 GHz
Video/AudioSource
Computer
Internet
Source: Bermai
11a+11e5 GHz
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Qs & As