Wireless Technlogy Ram Satagopan 21082006

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Life Unwired


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Wireless. What does it mean to us?

Old school of thought (Conservative)

Why Wireless? What is the big deal with it? It is bulkyin my pocket and also on my bills ! Less value formoney!

I am comfortable with my wired systems. It aint

broke, so dont fix it!

New belief (Liberal)

I hate wires. Wireless is cool !

Gives me my freedom, makes me more productive.


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Wireless. Adds value to our lives

Untethers, gets rid of messy wires, gives a sense ofneatness

Promotes mobility

Symbolizes freedom

Enhances lifestyle

Offers value for money !


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Scope Selection

Wireless technologies are Several

Plethora of applications

Standards and proprietary

Vast and very broad customer and utility characteristics

technically complex

Let us discuss today wireless technologies that .. impact our lives greatly

.. are a standard

.. are popular and successful

.. enhance our mobility


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Scope of discussion

We will limit our scope of discussions to

Discussing those wireless technologies thatare popular, that are standards that affect our

personal lives, and also, those that give

us/enhance ourMOBILITY

Definition in context: MOBILITY

The degree of freedom that we possess, that allows us at our choice, tomove about while continuing to execute a task

The degree of freedom that we possess, that allows us at our choice,NOT to move about, but still allowing us to execute a desired taskremo

tely


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Popular Wireless Technologies

(that affect our lives directly)

Application/Device/App

liance

Technology Primary Utility

Television

Radio

FM/AM

FM

Entertainment

Mobile phone GSM, GPRS

CDMA

Personalcommunicationvoice, data

Wireless LAN GPRS/3G/WCDMAIEEE 802.11b or WiFi

Internet, mail,multimedia

Unwiring Accessory Bluetooth Personalcommunicationaccessory


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liance

Technology Utility/Lifestyle


CDMA

Personalcommunicationvoice, data

Wireless LAN GPRS/3G/WCDMAIEEE 802.11b or WiFi Internet, mail,multimedia


NEXT? NEXT? NEXT?


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GSM

Short for Global Sys tem fo r Mobi le

Communicat ions,one of the leading digitalcellular systems.

GSM uses narrow band TDMA, which allowseight simultaneous calls on the same radiofrequency.

Operates at frequency bands of 900 MHz,1900 MHz (North America) and limited 800MHz band in different places


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GSM - Applications

VoicePerson to person

Limited data with SMS

Moderate speed data leveraging on GPRS(General Packet Radio Service)

The most popular personal interactive devicetechnology

Also enabling other markets in convergencewith other technologies (eg: GPS (Global

Positioning System) allowing for creation oftracking applications, bluetooth for short-range connectivity solutions)


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Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi stands for Wireless Fidelityrefers to

any 802.11 network802.11b, 802.11a, dual-band, etcstandard defined by IEEE

A person with a Wi-Fi device, such as acomputer, or Personal digital assistant (PDA)can connect to the Internet when in proximityof an access point

The region covered by one or several access

points is called a hotspot


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Wi-Fi - Applications

Mobile computing devices, such as laptops,in LANs

Internet connectivity using any of the above

devices The most popular mobile internet computing

technology


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Bluetooth

Bluetooth, strangely, was named after a

popular Vikinga Danish king Bluetooth is an industrial specification for

wireless Personal Area Networks (PANs),standard defined by Bluetooth SIG

Operates in short range radio frequency (2.4GHZ ISM band)

Bluetooth provides a way to connect andexchange information between devices like

Personal Digital assistants (PDAs), mobilephones, Laptops, PCs, Printers, Digitalcameras and video game consoles


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Bluetooth - Applications

Wireless communication between a cell-phone and a

hands free headset or car kit. Wireless networking between PCs in a confined

space and where little bandwidth is required.

Wireless communications with PC peripheralsdevices, the most common being the mouse,

keyboard and printer.

Synchronization applications between PC andhandheld devices

Replacement of traditional wired serial

communications in equipments. The most popular short-range technology for

personal applications today


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liance

Technology Utility/Lifestyle


CDMA

Personalcommunication -voice & limited

dataWireless LAN GPRS/3G/WCDMA

IEEE 802.11b or WiFiInternet, mail,multimedia


NEXT? NEXT? NEXT?


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Overview of present wireless technologies


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What next? What is in the horizon?

Wireless Sensor Networks

ZIGBEE Devices to be available at a very low cost, low energy

consumption

Low or very low data rates good enough ( 65000devices per network)


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What is ZigBee?

Standard specifications for Low (data) rate-Wireless

Personal Area Network (LR-WPAN) to serve Sensor

monitor and Control applications

Unlicensed ISM band operation

Low power consumption

Interoperability

Supports large number of sensors and controls

(Forms PANs or Personal Area Networks compared to

LANs or Local Area Networks)

Very low cost


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ZIGBEE?


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ZigBee Alliance

An organization with a mission to define a

completeopen global standardfor reliable, cost-effective, low-power, wirelessly networkedproducts addressing monitoring and control

Alliance provides

upper layer stack and application profiles

compliance and certification testing

branding

Result is a set of recognizable, interoperable solutions


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Salient features of Zigbee

Self organizing (automatic self-positioning ina network)

Ad-hoc wireless communication in a

mesh type network Self Healing (automatic route discovery)


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Network TopologyAd-hoc Mesh

More than one link between devices

Direct communication between devices

Routed communication via anintermediate device

Advantages

Dynamic choice of best path todestination (Route Discovery)

Ease of network expansion by adding

Routers In case of failure, reliability ensured

through alternative routes


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Self Healing

Communication from 1 to 4 via 2

If an intermediate device goes down,

all established links associated with

that device are lost

A packet is delivered to destination

through the next best alternative

route

(e.g. path 1-0-4 is probably better

than path 1-5-4 or 1-3-5-4)

5

2

43

1

0


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ZigbeeApplication space

Sensors & Controls:

Home Automation

Industrial Automation

Remote Metering

Automotive Networks

Interactive Toys

Active RFID/ asset trackingMedical


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Typical Applications

SecurityHVAC

AMRLight Control

Access

Control

Patient

Monitoring

Fitness

Monitoring

Asset mgt

ProcessControl

Motor Control

TV

VCR

DVD/CDremote

Mouse

Keyboard

Joystick

SecurityHVAC

Light ControlAccess Control

Garden and Lawn

Irrigation

ZigBee

Wireless Control thats imply Works


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Zigbee in our lives: Example

Monthly energy bill (household electricity

electricity) management(Interactive Discussion)


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Energy Management - Example

Mr.Z is an individual with typical needs and typical

expense patterns as would befit an average lifestyle-seeking middle-income group member

His energy expenditure as a result of his growinglifestyle sees him and his family spend upto 20% ofhis monthly income towards electricity bills, whichsurprises him only at the end of each month

Mr.Z is a ROI conscious individual

Z would like a system that allows him to effectivelymanage and control his monthly energy consumption

and consequently, the expenditure


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Possible Solution 1: (the manual way)

1. Analyze his energy expense patterns over a fewmonths by taking a reading of the energy meters forthe number of energy units spent

2. Deduce the electricity (current) consumption

expenditure by each and every high current house-hold appliance by trial and error

3. Set his monthly expense limit and a desired patternof energy expenditure

4. Monitor the energy meter once every few hours, andmanage turning on or off each appliance manually


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Possible Solution 2: (the Zigbee way)

1. Procure a low-cost Zigbee energy managementsystem that comprises of

A Zigbee device fitted to the electricity meter (calibrated)

A Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) - A Zigbee handheld device with a simplealphanumeric display and a keypad

Zigbee devices hooked to the plug points of each energy consuming

appliance (optional)

2. .. and one that functions as follows Current consumption data from the appliances and the meter, gets

communicated to the remote control unit periodically

Depending on the current consumption limits, the Zigbee device on themeter to automatically control the power applied to the appliances byturning them on or off

Manual overriding control provided from the RTU


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Which solution would Mr.Z opt for?


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Take-away

Wireless affecting our lives directly; details of some of the most

popular wireless technologies that impacted our lives. Awareness of Zigbeethe emerging short-range wireless

technology standard key features of Zigbee, differentiation from other popular standards,

key applications

Food for thought How much more would Zigbee unwire our lives? Will Zigbee be the most popular technology of all those that we have seen

in the past? What other benefits could Zigbee possibly bring to our lives? Cost

manageability? Peace of mind? Anything else?

THANK YOU !!

Wireless Technlogy Ram Satagopan 21082006

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