Wireless Sensor Network Simulation Yang Liu Graduate student, University of Tennessee Apr. 4 2003 group seminar.

Wireless Sensor Network Simulation

Yang LiuGraduate student, University of Tennessee

Apr. 4 2003 group seminar

Motivation


• Different architecture of Sensor Networks.• Large-scale and randomly distributed deployment• Easily failed sensor nodes• comparatively stationary topology

• Disadvantages of previous simulator.• LAN based, Thick layer• simple models, not real

• Simulate new protocols and application.• Large-scale sensor networks simulation

consideration.

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• Ns-2 USC/ISI• JavaSim OSU• GloMoSim UCLA• OPNET OPNET Inc.• SensorSim UCLA• SSF Dartmouth• Others

• SensorSimII Gatech• Magic Weaver UMBC• UIUC lager scale sensor network simulator UIUC

Related work


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Ns-2


• Discrete event simulator• Wired and wireless support• Nam, network animator

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Ns-2(cont.)


• Advantages• most widely used network simulator• support wireless simulation• lots of documentations

• Disadvantages• comparatively difficult to learn and use• scalability problems ( up to simulate 500 nodes )• sequential simulation• without modelling energy usage • different versions contain different protocols

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GloMoSim


• Specific for mobile wireless networks. • Built as a set of libraries. The libraries are built

in Parsec( a C-based discrete event simulation language).

• Layered architecture with easy plug-in

capability.• Large scalability support. ( for multiprocessor

simulation millions of sensor nodes, for single machine, around several handed nodes )

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GloMoSim(cont.)


Advantages• achievement of large scalability• good mobility models( “ random drunken model ” and “random distribution model” )• specify for wireless simulation• many ad hoc networking protocols support

• Disadvantages• No specific routing protocols for sensor network• No energy consumption models• Still has transport layer and IP address support• Hard for user to simulate large sensor network since no hardware environment

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JavaSim


• Advantages• Very modular • Very easy to use• Component-based architecture designing ( visual language )

• Disadvantages• focus on wired inter-network

• No wireless support

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OPNET


OPNET is a commercial network simulator.

Advantages• implement 3 protocols for ad hoc network ( DSR, AODV and ZRP )• include large library of network protocols models for LAN and equipment models• stable and good technical support

• Disadvantages• lack a good wireless mobility/topology model• limited protocols support• lack energy models

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SWAN


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SWAN integrate DASSF( Dartmouth scalable simulator framework ) and BBN’s wirokit wireless router.

Advantages• Build on SSF( scalable simulation framework API ) • Can simulate up to 10000 node.• use the real product to take care of routing.

• Disadvantages• hardware specific• simple radio model• lack energy model • few protocols support

• Extension to NS - 2• Provides battery models, radio propagation

models and sensor channel models• Has support for hybrid simulation• Terminated while still at pre-release stage

SensorSim


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SensorSim(cont.)


• Advantages• the closest simulator to real sensor networks• battery model, radio propagation model and sensing model support.• hybrid simulation

• Disadvantages• Still at pre-release stage

• No Documentation

• The software currently has a very specific application hard-coded

• It caters to only one base station• small scale

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Other Simulators


• Magic Weaver • agent-based framework

• DFC/UIUC large-scale simulator• study routing through visualization.

• SensorSimII• a java based framework for sensor network simulation• very considerate visualization design

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Layer Architecture


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Abstraction and modelling

Physical Layer Abstraction• Energy abstraction

– battery ( relaxation phenomena and discharge rate)— radio energy consumption — CPU, Storage and other electronics energy consumption— Sensing process energy consumption

•radio propagation abstraction ( radio fading and interference )• Sensing process abstraction

– sensing event generation. ( random or periodic algorithm ? )

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Abstraction and modelling( cont. )

MAC Layer Abstraction• important attributes

– collision avoidance — energy efficiency— scalability— fairness— latency

• What kinds of protocols need to be implemented?— S-MAC ( periodic listen and sleep )

Collision avoidance ( RTS( request to send) / CTS ( clear to send ) ) energy efficient overhearing avoidance Message passing ( long packet to be sent, application fairness

instead of per-node fairness )— TDMA— 802.11

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Network routing protocols Abstraction• Decide what kinds of protocols needs to be implemented

–typical ad hoc network protocols DSR, AODV, ZRP– typical sensor network protocols Directed Diffusion, LEACH, and SPIN

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Security consideration• How to quantify the level of security? ( how to evaluate system security level ) • Security is application specific depending on what kinds of application. Is it possible to divide the application of sensor network into several security level? • using the simulator, we definitely can evaluate the influence of failure nodes for fault-tolerance security protocols.• With the simulator, we can emulate the sinkhole , hello flooding, spoofing, and sybil etc attacks. • evaluate the energy consumption and latency of different encryption algorithms and security scheme.• implement the SPINS.

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Modelling and validation


• Mathematical models • Experiment_based models• Build up the real test on testbed to validate

those models• Compare with the results of other simulators

on the same conditions

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System metrics


• Latency• Throughput• Energy • Time for first node death• Life time• Packet loss

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PDES


• Advantagemodelling large network since each processor needs only model a small portion of the network

• Difficultiesconflicts arise between processors ( not causality ) Each processor needs to maintain a timeline of events and processes these events in order.

• Two ways: • conservative synchronisation: Within safe limit; processors wait for time stamp synchronisation. •optimistic synchronisation: Beyond safe limit; prepare for undo work if an event from other processors violate causality

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System Architecture( temporary )


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Recent work


• Battery, radio modelling• Mac layer protocols and network routing

protocols abstraction.• Propose the scheme for PDES core.• Data format definition ( class definition, data

structure definition and data base structure design )

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Reference

• (1) Deborah Estrin, Ramesh Govindan, John Heidemann, Satis Kumar, “Next Century Challenges: Scalable Coordination in Sensor Network”, In International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networks (MobiCOM '99), Seattle, Washington, August 1999. • [2] J. M. Kahn, R. H. Katz, and K. S. J. Pister, “Next Century Challenges: Mobile Networking for “Smart Dust””, In International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networks (MobiCOM '99), Seattle, Washington, August 1999.• [3] Lee Breslau, Deborah Estrin, Kevin Fall, Sally Floyd, John Heidemann, Ahmed Helmy, Polly Huang, Steven McCanne, Kannan Varadhan, Ya Xu, and Haobo Yu. “Advances in Network Simulation”, IEEE Computer, 33 (5), pp. 59-67, May, 2000.• [4] S. Park, A. Savvides and M. B. Srivastava, "SensorSim: A Simulation Framework for Sensor Networks", In the Proceedings of MSWiM 2000, Boston, MA, August 11, 2000. • [5] http://javasim.cs.uiuc.edu/• [6] Chang, X. “Network simulations with OPNET”, Proceeding of the 31st conference on Winter Simulation, Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 1999• [8] L. Bajaj, M. Takai, R. Ahuja, K. Tang, R. Bagrodia, and M. Gerla. "GloMoSim: A Scalable Network Simulation Environment", UCLA Computer Science Department Technical Report 990027, May 1999.• [9] R. Bagrodia, R. Meyer et al., “PARSEC: A Parallel Simulation Environment for Complex Systems,” IEEE Computer, October 98.


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Reference(Cont.)

• [10] S. Park, A. Savvides and M. B. Srivastava, "Battery Capacity Measurement and Analysis Using Lithium Coin Cell Battery", in the proceedings of International Symposium on Low power Electronics and Design (ISLPED 2001), Huntington Beach CA, August 2001. [11] http://users.ece.gatech.edu/~grimace/research/sensorsimii/ [12] Sovrin Tolia, Anupam Joshi, and Tim Finin, “MagicWeaver: An Agent Based Simulation Framework For Wireless Sensor Networks”, Workshop on Ubiquitous Agents for Mobile, Embedded and Wearable Devices, Bologna, Italy, 2002[13] http://jupiter.distantfocus.com/dsn_network/[15] J. Hill, R. Szewczyk, A. Woo, S. Hollar, D. Culler, and K. Pister, "System architecture directions for networked sensors”, ASPLOS 2000.[16] John Heidemann, Nirupama Bulusu, Jeremy Elson, Chalermek Intanagonwiwat, Kun chan Lan, Ya Xu, Wei Ye, Deborah Estrin, and Ramesh Govindan. "Effects of detail in wireless network simulation." In Proceedings of the SCS Multiconference on Distributed Simulation, pp. 3--11, Phoenix, Arizona, USA, January 2001. [17] S. Bajaj, L. Breslau, D. Estrin, K. Fall, S. Floyd, P. Haldar, M. Hahalley, A. Helmy, J. Heidemann, P. Huang, S. Kumar, S. McCanne, R. Rejaie, P. Sharma, K. Varadhan, Y. Xu, H. Yu, D. Zappala,


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Reference(cont.)


• [19] S. Park, A. Savvides and M. B. Srivastava, "Simulating Networks of Wireless Sensors", Proceedings of Winter Simulation Conference, WinterSim, December 2001• [20] W. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan and H. Balakrishnan, “Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks”, Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS '00), January 2000.• [21] W. Heinzelman, J. Kulik, and H. Balakrishnan, “Adaptive Protocols for Information Dissemination in Wireless Sensor Networks” Proc. 5th ACM/IEEE MobiCOM Conference (MobiCOM '99), Seattle, WA, August 1999.• [22] Chalermek Intanagonwiwat, Ramesh Govindan and Deborah Estrin, “Directed Diffusion: A Scalable and Robust Communication Paradigm for Sensor Networks”, In Proceedings of the Sixth Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networks (MobiCOM 2000), Boston, Massachusetts, August 2000.• [23] R. E. Van Dyck and L. E. Miller, "Distributed Sensor Processing over an Ad Hoc Wireless Network: Simulation Framework and Performance Criteria," Proc. MILCOM 2001, Washington, October 2001.

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Wireless Sensor Network Simulation Yang Liu Graduate student, University of Tennessee Apr. 4 2003 group seminar.

Documents

group seminar slide

group seminar opnet

wireless simulation

group seminar specific

large sensor network

sensor channel models

wireless support nam

commercial network simulator