Ph.D. Oral Defense Distributed Rate Allocation for Video Streaming over Wireless Networks Tuesday, Tuesday, June 10, 2008 June 10, 2008 Information Systems Laboratory Information Systems Laboratory Stanford University Stanford University Xiaoqing Zhu Xiaoqing Zhu X. Zhu: Distributed Rate Allocation for Video over Wireless 2 Wireless Home Video Networking 54 Mbps 6 Mbps 12 Mbps 12 Mbps HDTV Media gateway SDTV Microwave Cordless phone
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Ph.D. Oral Defense
Distributed Rate Allocation for Video Streaming over Wireless Networks
Tuesday, Tuesday, June 10, 2008June 10, 2008
Information Systems LaboratoryInformation Systems Laboratory
Stanford UniversityStanford University
Xiaoqing ZhuXiaoqing Zhu
X. Zhu: Distributed Rate Allocation for Video over Wireless 2
Wireless Home Video Networking
54 Mbps
6 Mbps
12 Mbps
12 Mbps
HDTV
Mediagateway
SDTV
Microwave
Cordless phone
X. Zhu: Distributed Rate Allocation for Video over Wireless 3
What’s Wrong with TCP?
Link Speed: 54 Mbps
Throughput : 20 Mbps
Shared : 1.2 Mbps(~ 6% Channel Time)
Link Speed: 2 Mbps
Throughput : 1.4 Mbps
Shared : 1.2 Mbps(~ 85% Channel Time)
Video Source @ 3 Mbps
File Transfer Size: 3.7MB
X. Zhu: Distributed Rate Allocation for Video over Wireless 4
Outline
• Review– Network and media heterogeneity
– Related work
• Media-aware distributed rate allocation– System model and optimization
– Practical protocol design
– Performance evaluation
• Extension to wireless video multicast– Rate adaptation via scalable video coding (SVC)
– Comparison with TFRC-based heuristics
X. Zhu: Distributed Rate Allocation for Video over Wireless 5
Network Heterogeneity
Channel Time
…
X. Zhu: Distributed Rate Allocation for Video over Wireless 6
TCP Throughput over Wireless
10 20 30 40 500
5
10
15
20
Nominal Speed of Second Link (Mbps)
Thr
ough
put (
Mbp
s)
54Mbps
Stream 2
Stream 1
6 - 54 Mbps
Simulation in NS2, for 802.11a network
Stream 1, alone
Stream 2, alone
Stream 1, shared
Stream 2, shared
[Heusse et al. 2003]
12
3 4
X. Zhu: Distributed Rate Allocation for Video over Wireless 7
Flow Starvation with TCP
1
2
3
5
8
4 6
97
Stream 1
Stream 2
Stream 3
[Xu et al. 2003]
TCP Throughput
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Stream 1 Stream 2 Stream 3R
ate
(M
bp
s)
X. Zhu: Distributed Rate Allocation for Video over Wireless 8
Media Heterogeneity
FountainHD
CitySD
BusCIF
0 5 10 15 2020
25
30
35
40
45
Rate (Mbps)
PS
NR
(dB
)
• Different video has different utility of rate, depending on resolution, codec choice, and video content
• How to best trade off their quality?
X. Zhu: Distributed Rate Allocation for Video over Wireless 9
Subjective Evaluation
Control Panel
HD/SD Display
Subject
• Evaluation of quality combinations of HD/SD image pairs
• Mean-opinion-scores (MOS) from 28 viewers, 4 data sets
X. Zhu: Distributed Rate Allocation for Video over Wireless 10
• Extension to video multicast over wireless– Graceful quality adaptation at intermediate nodes via SVC
– Higher average video quality than TFRC-based heuristics
X. Zhu: Distributed Rate Allocation for Video over Wireless 42
Main Publications
• Overview and tutorial articles – X. Zhu and B. Girod, “Video Streaming Over Wireless Networks”, Invited Tutorial, Proc EUSIPCO’07
– E. Setton, T. Yoo, X. Zhu, A. Goldsmith and B. Girod, “Cross-layer Design of Ad Hoc Networks for Real-Time Video Streaming”, IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine, August 2005, Invited Paper
• Media-aware rate allocation– X. Zhu and B. Girod, "Subjective Evaluation of Multi-User Rate Allocation for Streaming
Heterogeneous Video Contents over Wireless Networks”, Proc. ICIP ‘08, to appear
– X. Zhu, T Schierl, T. Wiegand, and B. Girod, "Video Multicast over Wireless Mesh Networks with Scalable Video Coding (SVC)", Proc. VCIP’08
– X. Zhu, P. Agrawal, J. P. Singh, T. Alpcan, and B. Girod, "Rate Allocation for Multi-User Video Streaming over Heterogenous Access Networks", ACM Multimedia 2007, Best Student Paper Award
– X. Zhu, P. van Beek and B. Girod, "Distributed Channel Time Allocation and Rate Adaptation for Multi-User Video Streaming over Wireless Home Networks“, Proc. ICIP’07
– X. Zhu and B. Girod, "Distributed Rate Allocation for Video Streaming over Wireless Networks with Heterogeneous Link Speeds", Proc. ISMW’07
– X. Zhu, J. P. Singh, and B. Girod, "Joint Routing and Rate Allocation for Multiple Video Streams inAd Hoc Wireless Networks", Proc. PV’06
– X. Zhu and B. Girod, "Media-Aware Multi-User Rate Allocation over Wireless Mesh Networks", Proc. OpComm’06
– X. Zhu and B. Girod, "Distributed Rate Allocation for Multi-Stream Video Transmission over Ad Hoc Networks", Proc. ICIP’05
– X. Zhu, S. Han and B. Girod, "Congestion-Aware Rate Allocation for Multipath Video Streaming over Ad Hoc Wireless Networks", Proc. ICIP’04
X. Zhu: Distributed Rate Allocation for Video over Wireless 43
Main Publications (cont’d)
• Cross-layer design for video over wireless
– S. Adlakha, X. Zhu, B. Girod and A. Goldsmith, "Joint Capacity, Flow and Rate Allocation for MultiuserVideo Streaming over Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks", Proc. ICC’07
– X. Zhu and B. Girod, "Analysis of Multi-User Congestion Control for Video Streaming over Wireless Networks", Proc. ICME’06
– X. Zhu, E. Setton and B. Girod, Congestion-Distortion Optimized Video Transmission over Ad Hoc Networks, Journal of Signal Processing: Image Communications, September 2005
– E. Setton, X. Zhu and B. Girod, "Congestion-Optimized Scheduling of Video over Wireless Ad Hoc Networks", Proc. ISCAS’05
– X. Zhu, S. Rane and B. Girod, "Systematic Lossy Error Protection (SLEP) for Video Transmission over Wireless Ad Hoc Networks", Proc. VCIP’05
– X. Zhu and B. Girod, "A Distributed Algorithm for Congestion-Minimized Multi-Path Routing over Ad Hoc Networks",Proc. ICME’05
– T. Yoo, E. Setton, X. Zhu, A. Goldsmith and B. Girod, "Cross-Layer Design for Video Streaming over Wireless Ad Hoc Networks", Proc. MMSP’04
– E. Setton, X. Zhu and B. Girod, "Congestion-Optimized Multipath Streaming of Video over Ad Hoc Wireless Networks", Proc. ICME’04
– E. Setton, X. Zhu and B. Girod, "Minimizing Distortion for Multipath Video Streaming over Ad Hoc Networks", Proc. ICIP’04
X. Zhu: Distributed Rate Allocation for Video over Wireless 44
Other Contributions
• Application to surveillance camera networks
– P. Baccichet, X. Zhu, and B. Girod, "Network-Aware H.264/AVC Region-of-Interest Coding for a Multi-Camera Wireless Surveillance Network", Proc. PCS’06
– X. Zhu, E. Setton and B. Girod, "Content-Adaptive Coding and Delay-Aware Rate Control for A Multi-Camera Wireless Surveillance Network", Proc. MMSP’05
– X. Zhu, E. Setton and B. Girod, "Rate Allocation For Multi-Camera Surveillance over an Ad Hoc Wireless Network", Proc. Picture Coding Symposium, Proc. PCS’04
• Light field compression
– C.-L. Chang, X. Zhu, P. Ramanathan, and B. Girod, "Light Field Compression Using Disparity-Compensated Lifting and Shape Adaptation", IEEE Trans. Image Processing, April 2006
– X. Zhu, A. Aaron and B. Girod, "Distributed Compression for Large Camera Arrays", Proc SSP’03
– C.-L. Chang, X. Zhu, P. Ramanathan and B. Girod, "Inter-View Wavelet Compression of Light Fields With Disparity-Compensated Lifting", Proc. VCIP’03
– C.-L. Chang, X. Zhu, P. Ramanathan and B. Girod, "Shape-Adaptation for Light Field Compression", Proc. ICIP’03
– B. Girod, C.-L. Chang, P. Ramanathan and X. Zhu, "Light Field Compression Using Disparity-Compensated Lifting", Proc. ICASSP’03
X. Zhu: Distributed Rate Allocation for Video over Wireless 45
Acknowledgments
• Prof. Bernd Girod• Prof. Fouad Tobagi• Dr. Peter van Beek• Prof. Nick Mckeown• IVMS members and alumni• Kelly Yilmaz• Funding: SGF, NSF, Max Plank Center, Sharp