Wireless Ad-Hoc Sensor Wireless Ad-Hoc Sensor Networks for Networks for Monitoring Endangered Plant Monitoring Endangered Plant Species Species Edo Biagioni Edo Biagioni University of Hawaii at University of Hawaii at Manoa Manoa Also Kim Bridges, Brian Chee, Anders Also Kim Bridges, Brian Chee, Anders Host-Madsen, Galen Sasaki, and many Host-Madsen, Galen Sasaki, and many more, including Chen, Fan, Morton, Xie, more, including Chen, Fan, Morton, Xie, and DARPA and DARPA
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Wireless Ad-Hoc Sensor Networks for Monitoring Endangered Plant Species Edo Biagioni University of Hawaii at Manoa Also Kim Bridges, Brian Chee, Anders.
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University of Hawaii at ManoaUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaAlso Kim Bridges, Brian Chee, Anders Host-Madsen, Also Kim Bridges, Brian Chee, Anders Host-Madsen, Galen Sasaki, and many more, including Chen, Fan, Galen Sasaki, and many more, including Chen, Fan, Morton, Xie, and DARPAMorton, Xie, and DARPA
OverviewOverview
An ecological wireless sensor An ecological wireless sensor networknetwork
Multipath On-Demand RoutingMultipath On-Demand RoutingProtocol provides routing information Protocol provides routing information as well as transport for data (IP) as well as transport for data (IP) packetspackets
Multiple paths with retransmission Multiple paths with retransmission perform well in the face of congestion – perform well in the face of congestion – good performance means low powergood performance means low power
More powerful pods form a “backbone”, More powerful pods form a “backbone”, may have better communications and may have better communications and sensors (cameras), may be always onsensors (cameras), may be always on
Smaller sensors are cheaper, use less Smaller sensors are cheaper, use less energy, may have less range and lower energy, may have less range and lower speedspeed
Users communicate directly with Users communicate directly with each othereach other
Interference Among Different Interference Among Different connectionsconnections
Fading due to distanceFading due to distance
– Fading
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Cooperative TDMACooperative TDMA
Cooperative TDMACooperative TDMA
Nodes use TDMA multiple-accessNodes use TDMA multiple-access
While a transmitter is passive, it can act While a transmitter is passive, it can act as relayas relay
One node One node transmits first transmits first and the other and the other helps, then helps, then switchswitch
Research PlanResearch PlanAnders Host-MadsenAnders Host-Madsen
ResultsResultsFading Relay channel capacity (with J. Zhang, ASU)Fading Relay channel capacity (with J. Zhang, ASU)Theoretical bounds for 4-node cooperative diversityTheoretical bounds for 4-node cooperative diversityNSF fundingNSF funding
CurrentCurrentMIMO Relay Channel (with J. Zhang, ASU)MIMO Relay Channel (with J. Zhang, ASU)Multinode relay channelMultinode relay channelConstruction of experimental 4-node networkConstruction of experimental 4-node networkPractical coding methods for the relay channelPractical coding methods for the relay channel
FutureFutureLow power regimeLow power regimeExperimentation on wireless testbedExperimentation on wireless testbedGeneralization to larger networksGeneralization to larger networks
Routing/clusteringRouting/clustering
Application to environmental sensor networkApplication to environmental sensor network
Open Research IssuesOpen Research Issues
Theoretical models for wireless ad-hoc Theoretical models for wireless ad-hoc network performancenetwork performance
In typical multi-hop networks, at most 1 In typical multi-hop networks, at most 1 out of 3 nodes can transmit at any timeout of 3 nodes can transmit at any time
Interference range is usually greater Interference range is usually greater than transmission rangethan transmission range
Fading varies over time, and it is hard to Fading varies over time, and it is hard to reproduce any actual testreproduce any actual test
““Quantum” testing: observe what Quantum” testing: observe what actually happens, run in actual actually happens, run in actual environmentsenvironments
Microcontrollers can do 90% of the job Microcontrollers can do 90% of the job at a fraction of the (cost, size, weight)at a fraction of the (cost, size, weight)
Solar works well, expensive, hard to Solar works well, expensive, hard to concealconceal
Wind works sometimes, hard to concealWind works sometimes, hard to conceal
Future WorkFuture Work
More applications: science, agriculture, More applications: science, agriculture, even tourismeven tourism
Better visualization of dataBetter visualization of data
Evaluation with larger actual networksEvaluation with larger actual networks
Protocol improvementsProtocol improvements
Better, lower power, less conspicuous, Better, lower power, less conspicuous, cheaper sensors and camerascheaper sensors and cameras