Wine, Cheese and Scholarship€¦ · Form and Structure in Jazz Improvisation: Bill Evans’ Blue in Green Robert Larson, D.M.A., Director of Jazz Studies Jazz pianist Bill Evans

Wine, Cheese and Scholarship A Celebration of Faculty Research & Creativity

Thursday, February 23, 2017

Wine, Cheese and Scholarship is an exhibit of research proposals, research projects in process, findings, creative works,

interdisciplinary projects, scholarship of teaching and learning (SOTL), and other scholarly endeavor of

Shenandoah faculty and their graduate students

The Faculty Research and

Publications Committee Center for Teaching, Learning & Technology

Building Bridges: One Model for Exercise Science Consultation in Athletics .................................................................. 1JessicaC.Peacock,Ph.D.,M.A.,AssistantProfessor,ExerciseScienceJessicaKutz,Ph.D.,AssistantProfessor,ExerciseScience

Collegiate Modern Dancers Perform Similar to Recreational Athletes During Jumping Task ......................................... 1MichelePye,PhD,ATC

Creating Empathetic Students: One Classroom Experience ............................................................................................ 1JessicaC.Peacock,Ph.D.,M.A.,AssistantProfessor,ExerciseScience

Evaluation of the frequency of CYP2C19 variant alleles in a Mexican population compared to a Caucasian population .. 1RobbieKidd,PharmD,PhD,ProfessorandChair,DepartmentofBiopharmaceuticalSciencesSarahTrinh,PharmDCandidateDaniaSegura,PharmDCandidateLiaMerila,PharmDCandidate

Form and Structure in Jazz Improvisation: Bill Evans’ Blue in Green ............................................................................. 2RobertLarson,D.M.A.,DirectorofJazzStudies

Giving PA Students the QI Advantage ........................................................................................................................... 2AnneSchempp,MPAS,PA-C,AssociateProfessor,DivisionofPhysicianAssistantStudiesLeocadiaConlon,PA-C,MPH,AssistantProfessorDivisionofPhysicianAssistantStudies

Impact of Syrian War Population Displacement on Syrian Refugees and Lebanese in Lebanon ...................................... 2PatrickFarris,ProfessorofAnthropology

Josef Kaspar Mertz’s Sechs Schubert’sche Lieder in the Shadow of Liszt .......................................................................... 3JasonMullen,DoctorofMusicalArtsCandidate(guitar)(Nopresentation)

Knowledge and Attitudes Identifying Victims of Human Trafficking in the US: A cross sectional study ......................... 3PerezS1,EppesD1,AttaE1,JohnsonMPharmD1,YunHPhD2,PatelIPhD3

Making a difference through partnership: a trans-Atlantic team of midwifery consultants from the U.K. and the U.S. collaborate to support midwifery educators in Bangladesh ............................................................................................. 4KarenFeltham,AssistantProfessor,Nursing

Opioids in the Shenandoah Valley: Perceptions of Heroin Use and Prescription Drug Misuse Among Young Adults in the Lord Fairfax Health District ..................................................................................................................................... 4AudraL.Gollenberg,PhD,AssociateProfessorofPublicHealth

Potential Causes of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) Tolerance .......................................................... 5CraigRichard,PhD,ProfessorofBiopharmaceuticalSciences,LucreceTiengwe,PharmDcandidate,GraduatestudentinSchoolofPharmacy

Religion and Ecology in Senegal ..................................................................................................................................... 5KevinMinister,PhD,Assistantprofessor,Religion

The Flipped Classroom: Innovations in Recitation Across Campuses ............................................................................. 5MorganNowak,MS,PA-CStephanieBernard,MMSc,PA-C,RDErikaFrancis,MSPAS,PA-C

Abstracts are presented alphabetically Authors are associated with SU unless noted otherwise

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Building Bridges: One Model for Exercise Science Consultation in Athletics Jessica C. Peacock, Ph.D., M.A., Assistant Professor, Exercise Science Jessica Kutz, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Exercise Science

This poster will describe consultation work completed by the authors over several semesters, and bringing expertise from the Exercise Science field and department to the Athletics department and its athletes and coaches. These consultations have included physiological testing (i.e., anaerobic and aerobic fitness tests, InBody body composition, etc.) for various athletes in multiple sports, linked with psychological assessment (i.e., the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI-28; Smith, Schutz, Smoll, & Ptacek, 1995)) to highlight motivation and planning for physical and mental performance enhancement. The authors will discuss combining multiple specializations for more holistic consultation, and how academic departments can utilize consultation relationships to benefit all parties and establish increased scholarship opportunities.

Collegiate Modern Dancers Perform Similar to Recreational Athletes During Jumping Task Michele Pye, PhD, ATC

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries frequently occur during landing maneuvers. Research shows landing on an extended knee increases strain on the ACL, thereby increasing the risk of injury. Both female athletes and dancers land on an extended knee; however, dancers are 5x less likely to tear their ACL. There are several theories as to why dancers have a lower risk of ACL injury, including decreased jump height. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine jump height of collegiate modern dancers compared to recreational athletes. Forty-six females (14 dancers: age = 21.0 ± 2.3yrs, height = 164.4 ± 6.2cm, mass = 59.0 ± 5.8kg; 32 recreational athletes: age = 20.4 ± 0.9yrs, height = 165.2 ± 6.6cm, mass = 65.6 ± 11.3kg) participated in this study. Each participant performed 3 countermovement jumps on a force platform while in a neutral and turned out position. The order was randomized and maximum jump height for both positions were recorded. No significant difference in jump height was found in the neutral position between dancers (0.24 ± 0.04m) and recreational athletes (0.21 ± 0.05m) p=0.09. However, in the turned-out position, dancers (0.23 ± 0.04m) performed a significantly higher jump compared to recreational athletes (0.20 ± 0.04m) p=0.03. These findings suggest that dancers reach similar heights, and possibly higher heights compared to recreational athletes during jumping tasks; therefore, there are likely neuromuscular control differences between these populations that lead to the decreased risk of ACL injury in female dancers.

Creating Empathetic Students: One Classroom Experience Jessica C. Peacock, Ph.D., M.A., Assistant Professor, Exercise Science

This poster will present the experience of the author in teaching the award winning First Year Seminar 101-111 “We’re All ‘Humans of New York:’ Empathy and Connectedness on a Global Scale” during the Fall 2016 semester. Included will be literature highlighting the decline in empathy among college students over time (Konrath, O’Brien, & Hsing, 2009) and strategies employed in the FYS class to promote empathy including exercises in active listening and guest speakers from a variety of backgrounds. In addition, the poster will describe use of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI; Davis, 1980) to measure empathy, and student scores (n=19) using this instrument at both the start and the end of the semester that indicate an overall significant increase in empathy among the class. Finally, students’ own qualitative responses about why they believe empathy scores increased will be shared.

Evaluation of the frequency of CYP2C19 variant alleles in a Mexican population compared to a Caucasian population Robbie Kidd, PharmD, PhD, Professor and Chair, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences Sarah Trinh, PharmD Candidate Dania Segura, PharmD Candidate Lia Merila, PharmD Candidate

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Purpose: CYP2C19 is a cytochrome P450 enzyme involved in the metabolism of clopidogrel, carisoprodol, PPIs, and certain antidepressants/antiepileptics. Genetic variations can lead to changes in drug metabolism, which can be associated with adverse events and/or therapeutic failure. Extensive pharmacogenetic studies have been completed in Caucasians, but less research has been performed in Mexican-Americans. Methods: A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to test for the presence of CYP2C19*2 (rs4244285) and CYP2C19*17 (rs12248560) on a Applied Biosystems Quantstudio 6 Flex and a 7300 real-time PCR systems. The genotypes and allele frequencies were compared between groups using the Pearson X2 test and Fisher’s exact test, when appropriate. A p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: A total of 188 Mexican and 179 Caucasian samples were analyzed. The frequency of the CYP2C19*2 variant allele was 7.2% in the Mexican group compared to 16.0% in the Caucasian group (p<0.001). The genotype frequencies were also significantly different between the two groups (p=0.002). The frequency of the CYP2C19*17 variant allele was 6.0% in the Mexican group and 22.4% in the Caucasian group (p<0.001). The genotype frequencies were also significantly different between the two groups (p<0.001). Conclusions: The CYP2C19 frequencies were significantly different between these Mexican and Caucasian populations. These results reveal that Mexicans are less likely to possess these two CYP2C19 genetic variations, which are most common in Caucasians. Further research needs to determine if other CYP2C19 variant alleles may occur at a higher frequency in the Mexican population.

Form and Structure in Jazz Improvisation: Bill Evans’ Blue in Green Robert Larson, D.M.A., Director of Jazz Studies

Jazz pianist Bill Evans is renowned for his incredible harmonic approach, his flawless technique, and his fruitful collaborations, bringing the piano trio to an extremely refined level of collective improvisation. According to Peter Pettinger, writing in his 1998 biography of Bill Evans (Bill Evans: How My Heart Sings), “The members formed…one of the most important, one of the best-knit, and one of the most subtly inventive groups ever to exist in music”. Evans’ recording of Blue in Green on Portrait in Jazz from 1959 highlights another important aspect of his playing – his sense of form and structure. In a 1984 interview with Martin Williams, (The Complete Riverside Recordings, 1984), Evans states that “…the trio will grow in the direction of simultaneous improvisation rather than just one guy blowing followed by another guy blowing”. The unique circular form of Blue in Green unfolds with diminution and augmentation of time values, providing fertile ground for Evans', bassist Scott LaFaro, and Paul Motian to unify the performance. Through the use of Schenkerian analysis and formal structural/intensity graphs, this presentation explores the long-range unifying processes that make this recording so important and influential. It will be demonstrated that Bill Evans provides a model of form and structure while improvising that is remarkably sophisticated.

Giving PA Students the QI Advantage Anne Schempp, MPAS, PA-C, Associate Professor, Division of Physician Assistant Studies Leocadia Conlon, PA-C, MPH, Assistant Professor Division of Physician Assistant Studies

Possessing competence in quality improvement (QI) is a critical skill for PAs to possess in clinical practice. This presentation will explore our program’s innovative approach to implementing QI education into a PA curriculum and present data from evaluating the impact of QI curricular components.

Impact of Syrian War Population Displacement on Syrian Refugees and Lebanese in Lebanon Patrick Farris, Professor of Anthropology

Since the beginning of the Syrian Civil War in 2011 displaced Syrians have fled their homes and communities to every neighboring nation in the region, but the second highest number – over 1.6 million – have relocated to Lebanon, creating a situation in which one out of every three people in Lebanon is a Syrian refugee. Syrian refugees in Lebanon live in camps and neighborhoods of cities, but many live dispersed throughout the country.

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Lebanon’s limited resources have become increasingly strained as the war continues without foreseeable conclusion and even more refugees cross the border. Past influxes of refugees have left a record with a predictable and re-emergent pattern: with no possibility of return to their homes, frustrated refugees can neither leave Lebanon nor gain access to political or economic power. Any incident between refugees and Lebanese leads to a backlash against refugees by armed militias and even the state. This study is designed to gauge the contemporary mood of the resident Lebanese and Syrian populations in one of Lebanon’s 26 districts concerning each community’s perception of themselves and each other, as well as their prospects for continued coexistence. The goal of this study is to generate data and analysis which may be useful in regulating everyday life for both communities and calming tensions between them in order to prevent the occurrence of hostilities in the future.

Josef Kaspar Mertz’s Sechs Schubert’sche Lieder in the Shadow of Liszt Jason Mullen, Doctor of Musical Arts Candidate (guitar) (No presentation)

In 1845 the guitarist-composer Josef Kaspar Mertz (1806–1856) published his Sechs Schubert’sche Lieder (Six Schubert Song Arrangements) for solo guitar. Through these arrangements, Mertz attempted to transfer the musical and emotional essence of Schubert’s original Lieder to a single, and wordless, instrument. Mertz, however, was not the first to arrange Schubert Lieder for a solo instrument, and, by all accounts, took inspiration from the earlier arrangements by Franz Liszt (1811–1886). In 1833 Liszt began publishing and performing his arrangements of Schubert Lieder for solo piano. Liszt’s fifty-six arrangements championed Schubert’s Lieder, which, at the time, were still relatively unknown outside of Vienna. Despite the difference in instrumentation, the Liszt arrangements provided a model out of which Mertz’s own arrangements were formed. This poster presentation explores the evolution of Liszt’s and Mertz’s instrumental arrangements compared to Schubert’s source Lied Lob der Thränen (In Praise of Tears). Through harmonic and textual analysis, I highlight technical conventions employed by both Liszt and Mertz, on their respective instruments, and question how each setting remains faithful to Schubert’s original Lied. I argue that the limitations – absence of text, lack of volume (guitar) – inherent in such a transference of medium, instead, offer an occasion for both composers to further exhibit their brilliance as independent compositional agents. In utilizing the same musical DNA we are allowed a glimpse, not only, into the compositional styles of three composers, but also a chance to consider their ethics and artistic integrity regarding one another.

Knowledge and Attitudes Identifying Victims of Human Trafficking in the US: A cross sectional study Perez S1, Eppes D1, Atta E1, Johnson M PharmD1, Yun H PhD2, Patel I PhD3

Department of Pharmacy Practice, Shenandoah University, Winchester, VA, 2 Department of Social and Administrative Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 3 Department of Pharmacy Practice, Research and Administration, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV Human trafficking typically originates in disadvantaged communities with high levels of poverty, lack of opportunities and high crime rates. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes about identifying victims of human trafficking among US pharmacy students. This was a cross-sectional study. A survey was distributed amongst pharmacy students in a private U.S. university. The questionnaire comprised of 17 questions that was divided into four components: general questions about human trafficking (7), types of human trafficking (4), human trafficking and health (5), and attitude about human trafficking (1). SPSS Version 21 was used to perform T-test and Chi square test for continuous and categorical variables respectively. A total of 219 pharmacy school students participated in the survey. Study participants had poor knowledge about the age group (13.24%), race (2.28%), and warning signs (14.16%) of victims of human trafficking respectively. Only 7.31% of participants had accurate knowledge about the disease conditions associated with human trafficking. Participant gender was associated with the knowledge about the

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placement of human trafficking in global criminal activity (p <0.05). A significant number of study participants had a positive attitude about calling 911 upon encountering a victim in the pharmacy (p<0.01). Pharmacy students had poor knowledge about identifying victims of human trafficking. This study stresses the need for implementing education about human trafficking in the pharmacy curricula to raise awareness about this serious issue, both in the US and across the globe.

Making a difference through partnership: a trans-Atlantic team of midwifery consultants from the U.K. and the U.S. collaborate to support midwifery educators in Bangladesh Karen Feltham, Assistant Professor, Nursing

Title: Making a difference through partnership: a trans-Atlantic team of midwifery consultants from the U.K and the U.S. collaborate to support midwifery educators in Bangladesh Purpose: The purpose of this presentation is to present the goals, methods, outcomes and lived experience of an international midwifery consultant team working in Bangladesh. Although maternal and newborn mortality numbers have improved, only forty-two percent of births in the past three years in Bangladesh were assisted by a medically trained provider. To improve access to care, an initiative from the Prime minister aimed for 3000 newly graduated midwives by 2015. A proliferation of training programs followed. An initiative funded by DFID and led by BRAC University, the Developing Midwives Project (DMP), aims to prepare diploma midwives from underserved rural areas for community-based midwifery care. Discussion: In June 2015, DMP stakeholders and the Director of Midwifery Education (DME), re-examined faculty development-which had relied upon OB/Gyn involvement-to include midwifery consultants from outside of Bangladesh. Six experienced midwifery educators were recruited and assigned to each of the outlying teaching sites. The goals of the project were: direct supervision and “hands on training” of midwifery faculty, design and implementation of individualized faculty learning plans, demonstration of effective clinical teaching skills, and modeling professional midwifery. The mentors developed a collaborative partnership maintaining daily contact; sharing teaching strategies, techniques, successes and challenges. Several themes emerged from the mentor-faculty experience including enthusiastic Bangladesh faculty participation and self-assessment. In all locations, gaps in knowledge and clinical expertise were identified. Application to midwifery education: It has proven a challenge to quickly develop a cadre of competent midwives and faculty in many countries. International midwifery consultants may have a role to play as a valuable resource in support of new midwifery programs. Follow-up research is needed to determine the effectiveness of such an intervention. Despite the perceived differences in midwives across continents, an easy partnership is possible when based upon a shared philosophy of midwifery.

Opioids in the Shenandoah Valley: Perceptions of Heroin Use and Prescription Drug Misuse Among Young Adults in the Lord Fairfax Health District Audra L. Gollenberg, PhD, Associate Professor of Public Health

Background: Heroin and prescription opioids are a frequently misused class of drugs among young adults, yet the perceptions of the culture surrounding its use is understudied in this population. Aims: We sought to gauge the perceptions of heroin use and prescription drug misuse among young adults aged 18-25 in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Methods: Focus groups were conducted by trained interviewers in 5 counties in the Lord Fairfax Health District from July-September 2016. Participants were asked about the perception of danger of both heroin and prescription drug misuse, where drugs were acquired, and how the drug use began. They were also asked if anyone had ever spoken to them about the dangers of prescription drugs. A qualitative data analysis was completed using constant comparative thematic methods. Results: Eighteen focus groups were conducted with a total of 141 participants. There was a clear perception that heroin is a rising problem in the local communities, and that it is very dangerous and highly addictive. In contrast, participants did not perceive the same level of danger for the misuse of prescription drugs. Most

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prescription drugs were acquired from friends, family members, or doctors, and often started with social pressures, injuries, or poor mental health. Participants reported a great need for more education on prescription drugs/opioids for youth. Conclusion: Methods of acquisition and reasons for using such drugs are important for understanding how to control and prevent opioid misuse. There is an unmet need for prevention education in this community’s youth.

Potential Causes of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) Tolerance Craig Richard, PhD, Professor of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Lucrece Tiengwe, PharmD candidate, Graduate student in School of Pharmacy

Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) is a physiological response due to a variety of tactile, auditory, and visual stimuli. The resultant feeling is often described as relaxing and calming with physical sensations of tingles in the head. The potential impact of ASMR on healthcare could be possible treatment or adjunctive treatment for patients with insomnia, depression, anxiety, and/or chronic pain. Online communities have reported that the ability to experience ASMR can fade or go away, often referred to publicly as “ASMR immunity”. This study is aimed to identify the potential causes of this ASMR decrease. An IRB-approved, online survey was created and shared with online ASMR communities and websites. Data was collected from participants who responded “Yes” to the question “Has your ability to experience ASMR ever gone away or decreased?” which included the question, “how often were you experiencing ASMR when you noticed the change and was there anything else you believe may have influenced the change”. The responses were categorized for common themes. Our findings represent factors that may affect ASMR decrease. Excess and frequent use of ASMR triggers was commonly reported with a decrease in ASMR. Additionally, ASMR was commonly reported to return by taking a break and/or decreasing frequency/use. “ASMR tolerance” may therefore be a better term for this phenomenon instead of “ASMR immunity”. These findings may be helpful to the potential application of ASMR for insomnia, depression, anxiety, chronic pain, and/or related disorders.

Religion and Ecology in Senegal Kevin Minister, PhD, Assistant professor, Religion

The ecological challenges we face as a planet are interconnected but manifest in unique ways in different geographical locations. While we must collaborate to address these ecological challenges, successfully responding to these unique ecological challenges requires understanding and working with local ways of living, including religious traditions. This project studies the relationship of religion and ecology in Senegal by analyzing how religious traditions and ecological contexts intersect in popular Senegalese practices, symbols, and arts. Exploring the relationship of religion and ecology in Senegal helps us understand how religious traditions must be taken into account when developing responses to ecological challenges and how an understanding of ecological space is integral to perceiving the meaning and function of religion. This project aims to aid those studying environmental sciences understand the role of religion in shaping how Senegalese communities relate to their environments and help those studying religion to perceive how religious traditions in Senegal are shaped by the spaces and places in which they are lived.

The Flipped Classroom: Innovations in Recitation Across Campuses Morgan Nowak, MS, PA-C Stephanie Bernard, MMSc, PA-C, RD Erika Francis, MSPAS, PA-C

Shenandoah University’s Physician Assistant division redesigned the curriculum in 2011 to a flipped classroom teaching model. This model consists of self-directed learning, lectures, expert teaching cases, and interactive recitation sessions. The recitation sessions are used to highlight key concepts and application of

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course content. Recitation also allows for increased retention of long term knowledge through conversation, action, role play, illustration, and even competition. Retention of information is paramount as our students need to apply critical medical concepts not just to pass a course, but to eventually provide high quality healthcare to patients. In 2016, incorporation of the first satellite campus PA students presented a new challenge to recitation. We experimented in recitation strategies over the past year and closely monitored student outcomes in order to assess the impact of these dual-campus sessions. Grade analysis has demonstrated statistically equivalent success between campuses as well as improvement in outcomes when compared to previous years. Students were surveyed periodically throughout the semester and offered positive comments and feedback specific to recitation. We anticipate continued success in the future and hope to share best practices for these innovative, exciting, and effective learning recitation sessions.

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The Faculty Research and Publications Committee and the Center for Teaching, Learning, and Technology would like to thank everyone who made this event possible including

Office of Academic affairs for its support

BSC staff for room arrangements

OMC for helping to spread the word

ACT for providing technology assistance

Copy Center for its outstanding printing services

Sodexo for providing the all-important wine and cheese

Volunteer faculty for insightful abstract reviews

All of the researchers for their expertise, creativity and dedication