WINDBREAK SUITABILITY GROUPS INTRODUCTION Windbreak suitability groups are being developed to assist in selecting species best suited for the various soils and for predicting height growth and effectiveness. In this first stage, we have covered Land Resource Areas 67, 69, and 72. All species of trees and shrubs have climatic and physiographic boundaries. On the eastern plains, this is very apparent, as we are introducing species that are not native to the environment. The groups were developed by considering individual species performance under the following conditions: soil, climate, physiography, and management which includes species, spacing, and arrangement. They may be used to select species for a variety of purposes including: windbreaks, recreation, wildlife, ornamental, critical area, or reforestation plantings. All soil series mapped have been placed in 10 groups of similar soils. Groups 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 9 have been divided into subgroups. Group 10 contains the soils with restrictive conditions that will require an on-site inspection to determine if a planting is feasible. The tree or shrub heights listed in the tables show the expected height at 20 years after planting. This information should be used to determine placement of the windbreak, area of protection, and species arrangement.
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WINDBREAK SUITABILITY GROUPS
INTRODUCTION
Windbreak suitability groups are being developed to assist in selecting species best suited for the various soils and for predicting height growth and effectiveness. In this first stage, we have covered Land Resource Areas 67, 69, and 72.
All species of trees and shrubs have climatic and physiographic boundaries. On the eastern plains, this is very apparent, as we are introducing species that are not native to the environment.
The groups were developed by considering individual species performance under the following conditions: soil, climate, physiography, and management which includes species, spacing, and arrangement. They may be used to select species for a variety of purposes including: windbreaks, recreation, wildlife, ornamental, critical area, or reforestation plantings.
All soil series mapped have been placed in 10 groups of similar soils. Groups 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 9 have been divided into subgroups. Group 10 contains the soils with restrictive conditions that will require an on-site inspection to determine if a planting is feasible.
The tree or shrub heights listed in the tables show the expected height at 20 years after planting. This information should be used to determine placement of the windbreak, area of protection, and species arrangement.
WINDBREAK SUITABILITY GROUP - INDEX
Soil Group or SubgroupAbsted 9NAdena 3Albinas 3AIda 1AIda (saline) 9GAltvan 6GAnselmo variant 9NApishapa 9GArvada 9NAscalon 3Avar 9N
GROUP1 Loamy soils (<35% clay content) that are subject to frequent flooding or
seasonal high water tables; in the upper l2 inches they lack free carbonates, have a pH less than 7.8 and are non-saline.
1K Loamy soils (<35% clay content) that are subject to frequent flooding or seasonal high water table; in the upper 12 inches they have free carbonates, have a pH of 7.8 to 9.0, or have an electrical conductivity (EC) of less than 4 mmhos/cm
2K Artificially drained phases of very poorly and poorly drained soils; in the upper 12 inches they have free carbonates, have a pH of 7.8 to 9.0 or have an EC of less than 4 mmhos/cm.
3 Moderately well and well drained loamy soils (<35% clay content) and clayey soils with a loamy surface mantle greater than 20 inches with high available water capacities (AWC 7.5"); in the upper 12 inches they lack free carbonates, have a pH less than 7.8 and are non-saline.
4C Somewhat poorly, moderately well, and well drained soils with greater than 35% clay content throughout when mixed to 8 inches.
4L Somewhat poorly, moderately well, and well drained clayey soils with a 4-to-6 inch loamy surface mantel.
5 Moderately well and well drained loamy and loamy-skeletal soils with moderate and moderately high available water capacities (AWC 3.75 to 7.5"); in the upper 12 inches they lack free-carbonates, have a pH less than 7.8, and are non-saline.
5K Moderately well and well drained loamy and loamy-skeletal soils with moderate available water capacities (AWC 5.0 to 7.5"); in the upper 12 inches they have free carbonates, have a pH of 7.8 to 9.0, or have an EC of less than 4 mmhos/cm.
6 Deep, moderately well to excessively drained loamy-skeletal and sandy-skeletal soils with low available water capacities (AWC 2 to 3.75").
6G Deep, moderately well to excessively drained loamy-skeletal and sandy-skeletal soils with low available water capacities (AWC 2 to 3.75"). Moderately deep soils over sand and/or gravel.
6R Deep, moderately well to excessively drained loamy-skeletal and sandy-skeletal soils with low available water capacities (AWC 2 to 3.75"). Moderately deep soils with loamy surface over bedrock or a duripan.
7 Deep soils that are sandy throughout.8 Moderately well and well drained loamy soils (<35% clay content) with high
available water capacities (AWC >7.5"); in the upper 12 inches they have free carbonates, have a pH of 7.8 to 9.0 or have an EC of less than 4 mmhos/cm.
9G Deep soils with a water table within 5 feet of the surface; some are subject to flooding or ponding; in the upper 12 inches they have a pH of greater than 7.8 and an EC of 4-16 mmhos/cm.
9N Deep soils without a water table within 5 feet of the surface and are not subject to flooding or ponding; in the upper 12 inches they have a pH of greater than 7.8 and an EC of 4-16 mmhos/cm.
10 Very shallow and shallow soils; soils with a very low available water capacity (AWC <2"); very poorly and poorly drained soils that are saturated or ponded throughout the growing season; and toxic soils.
Windbreak Suitability Group 1
Description:Loamy soils (<35% clay content) that are subject to frequent flooding or seasonal high water tables; in the upper 12 inches they lack free carbonates, have a pH less than 7.8 and are non-saline.
Limitations:Spring planting may be delayed for a short period because of soil wetness.
Description:Loamy soils (<35% clay content) that are subject to frequent flooding or seasonal high water table; in the upper 12 inches they have free carbonates, have a pH of 7.8 to 9.0 or have an electrical conductivity (EC) of less than 4 mmhos/cm.
Limitations:Spring planting may be delayed for a short period because of soil wetness. Free carbonates, high pH, and a slight EC affect the selection and growth of species.
Soils:Bankard KornmanGlenburg LasGlendive Las Animas (non-saline)Havre LincolnKitcarson Loveland
ADAPTED SPECIES FOR WINDBREAK GROUP 1K
MEASURED OR ESTIMATED HEIGHT IN FEET AT AGE 20BY MOISTURE (ANNUAL PRECIPITATION) SUBGROUP
Description:Artificially drained phases of very poorly and poorly drained soils; in the upper 12 inches they have free carbonates, have a pH of 7.8 to 9.0 or have an EC of less than 4 mmhos/cm.
Limitations:Spring planting may be delayed because of wet conditions. The degree of wetness and drainage, the calcic horizon, and high pH affect selection of species.
Soils:Las variant WannLoup
ADAPTED SPECIES FOR WINDBREAK GROUP 2K
MEASURED OR ESTIMATED HEIGHT IN FEET AT AGE 20BY MOISTURE (ANNUAL PRECIPITATION) SUBGROUP
Description:Moderately well and well drained loamy soils (<35% clay content) and clayey soils with a loamy surface mantle greater than 20 inches with high available water capacities (AWC 7.5"); in the upper 12 inches they lack free carbonates, have a pH less than 7.8, and are non-saline.
Limitations:Water erosion is a hazard on sloping areas.
Description:Somewhat poorly, moderately well, and well drained soils with greater than 35% clay content throughout when mixed to 8 inches.
Limitations:High clay content affects selection and growth of species. Extra care is required to insure the soil is firmly packed around the roots during planting. Drought tolerant species should be used.
Description:Moderately well and well drained loamy and loamy-skeletal soils with moderate and moderately high available water capacities (AWC 3.75 to 7.5"); in the upper 12 inches they lack free carbonates, have a pH less than 7.8, and are non-saline.
Limitations:Moderate to moderately high AWC can affect selection and growth of planted material.
Moderately well and well drained loamy and loamy-skeletal soils with moderate available water capacities (AWC 5.0 to 7.5"); in the upper 12 inches they have free carbonates, have a pH of 7.8 to 9.0, or have an EC of less than 4 mmhos/cm.
Limitations:The calcic horizon and high pH in the upper 18 inches and the skeletal soils affect selection of species.
Soils:Bushman NeespahHarvey OteroIldefonso
ADAPTED SPECIES FOR WINDBREAK GROUP 5K
MEASURED OR ESTIMATED HEIGHT IN FEET AT AGE 20BY MOISTURE (ANNUAL PRECIPITATION) SUBGROUP
Description:Deep, moderately well to excessively drained loamy-skeletal and sandy-skeletal soils with low available water capacities (AWC 2 to 3.75"). Moderately deep soils over and and/or gravel.
Limitations:Field windbreaks are generally not recommended. Drought tolerance will need to be considerated in species selection.
Description:Deep, moderately well to excessively drained loamy-skeletal and sandy-skeletal soils with low available water capacities (AWC 2 to 3.75"). Moderately deep soils with loamy surface over bedrock or a duripan.
Field windbreaks are generally not recommended. Drought tolerance will need to be considered in species selection. When the soil is saturated, a perched water table can occur.
Limitations:Drought conditions and soil blowing are the principal concerns in the selection and growth of plants. The sandy soil requires specialized site preparation and planting methods to insure establishment. Optimum growth and survival are not expected unless the plantings are irrigated.
Description:Moderately well and well drained loamy soils (<35% clay content) with high available water capacities (AWC> 7.5"); in the upper 12 inches they have free carbonates, have a pH of 7.8 to 9.0, or have an EC of less than 4 mmhos/cm.
Limitations:Free carbonates and a high pH affect the selection and growth of trees and shrubs.
Description:Deep soils with a water table within 5 feet of the surface; some are subject to flooding or ponding; in the upper 12 inches they have a pH of greater than 7.8 and an EC of 4-16 mmhos/cm.
Limitations:High pH and concentrations of salt are the primary hazards and will affect the selection and growth of trees and shrubs. Spring planting may be delayed because of soil wetness.
Soils:AIda (saline) Heldt (salt meadow)Apishapa Las AnimasBloom LongmontDwyer variant WestplainHayford
ADAPTED SPECIES FOR WINDBREAK GROUP 9G
MEASURED OR ESTIMATED HEIGHT IN FEET AT AGE 20BY MOISTURE (ANNUAL PRECIPITATION) SUBGROUP
Description:Deep soils without a water table within 5 feet of the surface and are not subject to flooding or ponding; in the upper 12 inches they have a pH of greater than 7.8 and an EC of 4-16 mmhos/cm.
Limitations:High pH and concentrations of salt are the primary hazards and will affect the selection and growth of trees and shrubs.
Description:Very shallow and shallow soils; soils with a very low available water capacity (AWC <2"); very poorly and poorly drained soils that are saturated or ponded throughout the growing season; and toxic soils.
Limitations:Soils in this group are generally unsuited for windbreaks. On-site investigations should be carried out to determine if special treatments tailored to the existing soil conditions would allow plantings to survive. The selection of species must
be tailored to the soil conditions existing at each site.