Wind power plant

WIND POWER PLANT

WIND POWER PLANT

IntroductionNeed of wind power plantWorking ModelWorking & power generationMerits and demeritsPresent scenario & future

Introduction

Why wind power?

The recent attention paid to climate changes, the demand to increase the amount of green energy and fear of a decrease of oil fuel in the future have promoted a renewed interest in the production of electrical energy from renewable sources and also from the wind power.

The Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) with upstream three-blade rotor has been most popular and has found a remarkable development, characterized both by a quick growth in size and power, as well as by a wide spread.

Since the atmosphere tends to constantly re-establish the pressure balance, the air moves from the areas where the pressure is higher towards those where it is lower; therefore, there is wind movement of an air mass, more or less quick, between zones at different pressure.

The profile and jaggedness of the surface of the dry land or of the sea deeply affect the wind and its local characteristics; in fact the wind blows with higher intensity on large and flat surfaces, such as the sea. This represents the main element of interest for wind plants on- and off shore.

Moreover, the wind gets stronger on the top of the rises or in the valleys oriented parallel to the direction of the dominant wind, whereas it slows down on uneven surfaces, such as towns or forests, and its speed with respect to the height above ground is influenced by the conditions of atmospheric stability.

Working Principle Of Wind Turbine Model

Wind turbines operate on a simple principle. Wind is merely air in motion. Wind turbines convert kinetic energy from the wind that passes over the rotors into electricity.

Implementing Same Principle By Using

A fanA mini dynamo, Copper wireAn led bulbCrafting materials to construct the windmill body and blades

(could include wood, cardboard, paper, etc.)

What is DYNAMO? A machine for converting mechanical energy into

electrical energy, typically by means of rotating coils of copper wire in a magnetic field.

A dynamo is an electrical generator that produces direct current with the use of a commutator. Dynamos were the first electrical generators capable of delivering power for industry, and the foundation upon which many other later electric-power conversion devices were based, including the electric motor, the alternating-current alternator, and the rotary convertor

Working Of Wind Power Plant:

Build the windmill tower. The tower will serve as the base of windmill and can be crafted from anything that will hold it solid and steady.

The tower must be tall enough to keep the blades of the windmill from touching the ground as they spin. It will also depend on the length of blades.

For a traditional looking Dutch-style windmill, we can cover the base in cardboard, construction paper to make it resemble a miniature structure. This is also a means for concealing the dc motor inside the windmill for a more attractive finished model.

Step 1: The Windmill Tower

Step 2 : The Windmill Blades

The blades will catch air and spin to power our windmill

They should be fairly light and positioned on a slight angle to better catch wind.

Just like the tower, the blades can be crafted from a variety of materials depending on what we have on hand and the look we are trying to achieve.

CONTINUE :

Pre-made blades could be used from a small fan or a pinwheel toy. We could cut blades in our preferred shape from cardboard or balsa wood.

The blades must be joined in the center around an object that can be mounted onto the spindle of our Dynamo (basically functioning like a wheel on an axel). This could be a wooden disk with a center hole drilled in, or even a piece of cork.

Most model windmills utilize 4 evenly spaced blades.

The size of the dynamo will depend on the size of windmill, but most dynamos are 1.5 to 4.5 volts. When attached to a windmill at the spindle, the spinning blades create an electrical current within the dynamo. If the dynamo is wired to a LED (and if we are creating enough electricity) the LED will light up.

Step 3 : Attach The Dynamo

STEP 4 : Attach The Windmill Blades

The blades will be mounted onto the spindle (metal point) of the Dynamo. The mounting must hold the spindle securely so that it spins smoothly as the blades turn.

Connect the dynamo to an . This will allow the electricity generated in the motor to light up the LED.

Use two wires (preferably copper at least 6 inches (15 cm) in length). Connect each wire separately to the two leads on the back of the dynamo. Each lead should have one wire connected to it.

Step 5 : LED light

Connect the other end of the wires to the two ends of an LED light, with one connected to the negative terminal and the other connected to the positive terminal.

Test the connection by quickly spinning the blades of the windmill to light up the LED.

Place it in a windy area and keep it securely mounted so it doesn't blow over, or place it in front of a fan.

Step 6 : Set Up The Windmill

Advantages Of Wind Power Plant

Low maintenance costPollution free and cleanVast feasible wind energy is available (10 million

mw)Can supply the power to remote areasEconomically competitiveCan be produced for domestic purpose on small

scaleRenewable source of energy

Low energy density.Irregular, unsteady wind energyVariable wind direction.High capital cost.Can be located only in vast open areasDistant from load centersComplex designs

Disadvantages Of Wind Power Plant

Present Scenario

India has the fifth largest installed wind power capacity in the world

As of 31 Jan 2013 the installed capacity of wind power in India was 19779.15 MW

State-level wind power generation:Tamil Nadu : 7158 MW Generates 40% of India's wind power. Gujarat : 3093 MWMaharashtra : 2976 MWRajasthan : 2355 MW

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has fixed a target of 10,500 MW between 2007–12, but an additional generation capacity of only about 6,000 MW might be available for commercial use by 2012.

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has announced a revised estimation of the potential wind resource in India from 49,130 MW assessed at 50m Hub heights to 102,788 MW assessed at 80 Hub height. The wind resource at higher Hub heights that are now prevailing is possibly even more .

Future Planning

Kumar ShresthaMechanical Engineer9088795033

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