Wind power

Wind EnergyBy

ALTEM POWER LIMITED

Defining Wind Power

• Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy, such as electricity, using wind turbines

• Wind energy systems convert the kinetic energy to more useful forms of power

• Wind energy continues to be the fastest growing Renewable Energy Source with worldwide wind power installed capacity reaching 14,000 MW

• Five nations – Germany, USA, Denmark, Spain and India – account for 80% of the world’s installed wind energy capacity

Why Renewable ?

• Global climate change threatens our economy, national security and the physical landscape itself, denying the urgency of global warming. That is why we cannot abandon the Kyoto Protocol, which calls for industrialized nations to take the lead in reducing greenhouse gas emissions

• Carbon credits are a key component of national and international attempts to mitigate the growth in concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs). One Carbon Credit is equal to one ton of Carbon. Carbon trading is an application of an emissions trading approach

• The objective of the Kyoto climate change conference was to establish a legally binding international agreement, whereby all the participating nations commit themselves to tackling the issue of global warming and greenhouse gas emissions. The target agreed upon was an average reduction of 5.2% from 1990 levels by the year 2012.

Kyoto Agreement Global Status

Countries Signed & ratified

Countries Signed & not yet ratified

Countries , not yet decided

Countries , no intention of signing

Types of Renewable Resources

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Comparison

Fossil Fuel• Have to be procured & made usable

through laborious & environmentally damaging process

• Limited in reserves, expected to be exhausted in coming 60 years

• Transportation required, for further processing exposing environment to

danger

• Has Geo-Political implications resulting in over-reliance on our energy security

Wind Energy• Usable as it exists

• Inexhaustible

• Use where it is available

• Reduces our dependency on our natural security

Why Wind Energy ?

• Most viable & largest renewable energy resource

• Plentiful power source

• Widely distributed & clean

• Can get started with as small as 100-200 W

• Produces no green house gas emissions

• Low gestation period

• No raw materials & fuels required

• No pollution

• No hassles of disposal of waste

• Quick returns

• Good alternative for conventional power plants

Wind Power In India

• The development of wind power in India began in the 1990s, and has significantly increased in the last few years. The "Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association (IWTMA)“  has played a leading role in promoting wind energy in India

• As of November 2008 the installed capacity of wind power in India was 9587.14 MW

• Wind power accounts for 6% of India's total installed power capacity, and it generates 1.6% of the country's power

India Wind Power Density Map

State

Gross potential

(MW)Technical potential

(MW)

Installed capacity

(MW)

Andhra Pradesh 8275 1750 121

Gujarat 9675 1780 376

Karnataka 6620 1120 688

Kerala 875 605 2

Madhya Pradesh 5500 825 53

Maharashtra 3650 3020 1242

Orissa 1700 680 2

Rajasthan 5400 895 386

Tamil Nadu 3050 1750 3148

West Bengal 450 450 2

Total (All India) 45195 12875 6018

State Wise Wind Power Potential In India

Wind Power Potential In India

• India ranks 4th in wind installation in the world

• Is at par with World in terms of manufacturing facilities & technologies

• Public sectors coming forward for investment

• Wind power potential in the country is 45000MW

• Present production is 8760MW

• Ministry of new & Renewable Energy targets the 11th plan at 10500MW

• Plan Objective is to attract new & large independent power producers to wind sector.

State Level Incentives

• Wheeling charge of mere 2 per cent • Uniform T&D loss of 5 per cent • Buy-back tariff of Rs 3.50 per unit with 15 paisa escalation for 13 years

• Third party sale and self-use allowed

• For evacuation arrangement (laying down high tension cables, feeder, sub-station, etc),50 per cent money given as subsidy through green fund and rest 50 per cent as interest-free loan

• No electricity duty levied for first 5 years from the date of commissioning of the projects for captive consumption

• Construction of approach roads to be fully funded through green fund

• Diversion of forest land for wind

• Few states giving sales tax incentive- Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra

Central Level Incentives

• 80 per cent accelerated depreciation on wind farm equipment/devices

• 10 years tax holiday for wind farms

• Custom duty exemption (Notification No. 21/2002-custom dated 01-03-2002)

• Excise duty exemption (Notification No. 6/2002-Central Excise andamendments Thereof)

• 20% additional depreciation under new plant and machinery

• Under RGGVY scheme 90% subsidy in case of rural electrification through renewable energy.

Rural Electrification through Renewable Energy.

Types of Wind Turbine

Today's wind turbines are much more lightweight than the turbines used on windmills of old. The wind turbine is usually standard in design, consisting of two or more rotor blades. The energy output of a wind turbine is determined largely by the length of the blades, which installers and engineers call "sweep.“

Majorly , there are three types:

• Large or medium/ small wind turbines

• Down or Up wind turbines

• Horizontal or vertical access wind turbines

ALTEM POWER LIMITED

Manufacturing Wind Turbines

Introduction to

OBJECTIVE

TO DEVELOP BEST TECHNOLOGICAL WIND MILL AT COMPETITIVE PRICE

VISION

MISSION

A DIVERSE, THRIVING & SUSTAINABLE NATURAL WORLD

TO BE A MAJOR FORCE IN CONSERVING ECO-DIVERSITY WORLD-WIDE

Group Introduction

• ALTEM formed because of the group’s focus on Renewable Energy

• Part of the group known in Indian Power Engineering Sector with interest in renewable energy, power distribution & management equipment

• The Group is a known name in power sector equipments

• Well equipped with modern infrastructure & well qualified technicians

Introduction to ALTEM POWER

• In collaboration with a major European company for manufacturing of wind turbine generators

• Research driven to provide good quality ,reliable , durable & cost effective products

• Core focus on customer service

• Office connectivity for real time data and faster services

ALTEM Product Range

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Technical Parameters (technical parameters may change due to continuous R&D)

Rated Power (KW) 9 / 10 15 20 - 25 50

Rated Wind speed (m/sec)

12 12 12 12

Number of Blades 2 2 2 3

Rotor dia (Met) 6.5 9.5 12 18

Swept area (Sq met) 30 58 113 226

Blade materialEpoxy / Glass

FiberEpoxy / Glass

FiberEpoxy/Glass

FiberEpoxy / Glass

Fiber

Blade weight (approx) (KGs) 44 64 80 122

Type of GeneratorPermanent

MagnetPermanent

MagnetPermanent

Magnet Permanent

Magnet

Transmission Drive direct Direct drive Direct drive Geared / Direct

drive

TowerFixed / Tilting

TowerFixed / Tilting

TowerFixed / Tilting

Tower Fixed

Type of Hub Fixed pitch Fixed pitch Fixed pitch Fixed pitch

Rotor speed at rated wind speed (rpm)

150 100 108 250

Cut-in wind speed (m/sec) 2.5 2.5 3 3

Cut-off wind speed (m/sec)

25 25 25 25

Control system PLC based PLC based PLC based PLC based

Approx Nacelle weight (KGs)

700 1000 1400 2000

Annual Energy output KWH (@ 6m/s)

23,000 38,500 64,000 1,28,000

Factors for setting up a Turbine

• Ideal site requirements:

Wind Speed – An annual mean wind speed of 5m/s or greater

Proximity to neighbors - More than 50 mt – 100 mt from the nearest neighbor property. This in effect eliminates many urban environment

Location - Good clear run of open ground without trees or building to the south west, maximizing wind speed & minimizing turbulence.

Wind Turbine Towers as per site conditions

• Small turbine towers - The case of small wind systems (more than a 1KW) is less simple, with several types of towers and different heights and configurations: guyed towers and non-guyed towers, cylindrical/pipe and lattice configurations, etc.

• Their installation should be done a) far enough of obstructions, and on the top or on windy hill sides: see Wind Turbines Location; b) with enough room to raise and lower the tower for maintenance and stabilization

• Guyed small cylindrical Towers - Many small wind turbines use narrow pole towers (pipe, tubing) supported by guy wires. It’s a cheap solution, though with some disadvantages: they aren't easy climbable (for inspections or repairs) and require more land than self-supporting towers, due to the guy wires.

• Non-guyed cylindrical towers - Non-guyed tilt-up/cylindrical towers use pipe or tubing and a self-supporting design. They do not use guy wires and have a small footprint. These towers can include climbing pegs but are a relatively expensive type of tower.

• Lattice configuration - Lattice towers use welded steel profiles and are a cheap and tested solution. Most lattice towers aren’t guyed, but there are also guyed configurations: three legged lattice structures suspended on all three sides by guy wires. They are usually climbable.

Typical Block Diagram

Obstacles Involved

• Wind speed at the ground is near zero, and increases with height.

• A 15m –18m tower will produce between 15%-25% more energy than a 12m tower

• Buildings, trees and other obstacles increase both surface roughness, slowing the wind down, and cause turbulence, which significantly affects turbine efficiency. This can cause more than a 50% energy loss

• Dense urban areas suffer from low wind speeds due to high surface roughness. Rooftops additionally suffer from turbulence

How to size a Battery Bank

Battery bank sizing can be one of the more complex and important calculations in your system design. If the battery bank is oversized, you risk not being able to keep it fully charged; if the battery bank is sized too small, you won't be able to run your intended loads for as long as you'd planned.

Calculative Factors

Before tackling the calculations, start by identifying a few key pieces of information:

• of electricity usage per day

• Number of Days of Autonomy

• Depth of Discharge limit

• Ambient temperature at battery bank

Step Process Example

1 Identify total daily use in Watt-hours (Wh) 6,000 Wh/day

2 Identify Days of Autonomy (backup days); multiply Wh/day by this factor

3 Days of Autonomy:6,000 x 3 = 18,000 W

3 Identify Depth of Discharge (DoD) and convert to a decimal value. Divide result of Step 2 by this value

40% DoD:18,000 / 0.4 = 45,000 W

4 Derate battery bank for ambient temperature effect. Select the multiplier corresponding to the lowest average temperature your batteries will be exposed to. Multiply result from Step 3 by this factor. Result is minimum Wh capacity of battery bank:Temp. in [degrees] F.     Factor                80+                 1.00               70                   1.04               60                   1.11               50                   1.19               40                   1.30               30                   1.40               20                   1.59

60° F. = 1.11 45,000 x 1.11 = 49,950 W

5 Divide result from Step 4 by system voltage. Result is the minimum Amp-hour (Ah) capacity of your battery bank.

49,950 / 48 = 1,040 Ah

Advantages of ALTEM Wind Turbine

• Can be installed with less investment in comparison to high capacity turbines

• Possibility of grid connected or stand alone (with battery bank) or hybrid with solar/diesel

• Installation possible in very limited space

• Installation/maintenance does not require crane. This gives opportunity for installation on mountains/hills

• More than 50 types of towers can be designed as per clients’ site requirements with fixed or tilting arrangement

• Can be installed in premises of schools/college/hospital/warehouse/housing colony & the likes.

• Start up or cut in wind speed of 2.5m/sec

ALTEM’s Achievements

• ISO Certified (see certificate attached)

• CE Certified Products (see certificate attached)

• Export of 25 KW to Italy

ISO Certified

CE Certification

Invest in a greener, brighter & safer tomorrow

Lets not blow our future

Thank You !!

by TEAM ALTEM