Wind Mapping of Singapore by WindSim LEE JIA HUA @NUS Supervised by Dr. Hyun-Goo Kim @KIER Collaborated by Dr. Wan-Ho Jeon @CEDIC Mr. Seong-Wook Yoon @CEDIC
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Wind Mapping of
Singapore by WindSim
LEE JIA HUA @NUS
Supervised by
Dr. Hyun-Goo Kim @KIER
Collaborated by
Dr. Wan-Ho Jeon @CEDIC
Mr. Seong-Wook Yoon @CEDIC
Singapore
Land area: 710.3 sq km (Seoul 606, Kobe 552) Total population: 4.988 million (Seoul 10.5, Kobe 1.5)
Population density: 7022 per sq km (Seoul 17327, Kobe 2717) 23% of land area covered with forest and nature reserves
Top 1 busiest port in the world (Busan 5, FY2007) Major industries: Shipping, banking, tourism, electrical & electronics,
chemicals and oil refining
Wind Characteristics
Low wind speed for most neighboring countries
South-eastern side consists mainly of water bodies
Identify suitable sites with higher wind energy concentration for installation of wind turbine
Serve a purpose of indicating candidate sites where more measurements could be carried out
Low-speed wind turbine or BIWT
Biological and chemical defense
Urban planning works
Wind Engineering Application
Why a Singapore Wind Map?
About the Project
Highly urbanized city with 56931 buildings
Almost impossible to do a CFD simulation on each and every single buildings
z
d
Urban Canopy
zo
oz
dzuzU ln)( *
Effect of Urban Canopy
Packing density may affect the value of d and
Identify 2 areas with similar mean building height but different packing density
Identify a relationship between packing density, mean building height and d,
Urban Canopy Models
Sectors divided based on building density and land use
104 sectors were identified but reduced to 47 sectors zo d
Ap, Af H
Changi 3TIER
Climatology
Wind Resource Map
Fine resolution of 90m by 90m (SRTM)
Simulated 3D wind field covering Singapore
Able to extract wind speed at any height you want (transfer climatology)
Wind resource was very poor as expected
Nevertheless, wind map is valuable information
Transferred climatology offers wind design data
Wind environments around the Singapore Flyer etc.
Urban canopy model is to be more developed
Validation of MacDonald eqns. with real urban layouts
Consideration of forest model but tuning is required
Conclusion & Future Plans
Transferred Climatology
Changi Airport In-situ data
Design wind data are required here
Problem: Wind data is needed at point 2 No wind data or measurement equipment data available at point 2 Solution: The transferred climatology data obtained from the initial wind map is able
to provide an estimate of the wind conditions at that particular site
1
2
Wind Environmental Impact
Validation of MacDonald Eqn.
Wind Flow over a Urban Sector
Wind flow simulation for wind direction of NW
Areal-Averaged Wind Profile
1
10
100
1000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Heig
ht
ab
ov
e g
rou
nd
, ln
(z)
Areal-averaged wind speed (m/s)
― CFD fitting ― Empirical Eqn.
Areal-averaging of wind speed at 50m a.g.l.
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