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Slide 1
WIND ENERGY Shaw STEM Lab 2013-2014
Slide 2
BACKGROUND If you think about it, humans have used the power of
the wind for a very long time! Think about sail boats, how
Christopher Columbus sailed across the ocean!
Slide 3
HARNESSING THE WIND FOR ENERGY! In July 1887 a Scottish man
named James Blyth invented the first battery charging machine. Also
in 1887 the first automatically operated wind turbine was built in
Cleveland Ohio by Charles Brush. 18 meters tall, 4 tons, and
powered a 12kW generator!
Slide 4
BACKGROUND The activities in this PowerPoint are intended to
give you a basic understanding of wind generators, how they harness
the wind energy to produce electricity, and how various factors can
affect the amount of electricity produced. Click the wind generator
for an interactive website on how wind generators work!
Slide 5
QUESTIONS/RESEARCH Define the following terms in your own words
Electrons Current Voltage Conductors Magnetism Magnetic fields
Induction
Slide 6
SAFETY! Never stick your hands in any moving parts! Wait for
all moving parts to stop moving on their own! When rotating the
blades or pressing the buttons on the green demonstration board, do
so GENTLY!
Slide 7
TRANSPORTING THE WINDYANMO II In this lesson youll be using
some very expensive equipment! You must handle all of this
equipment with care! Be sure you carry the Wind Generator with two
hands and not by the cord!
Slide 8
THINGS YOULL NEED WinDyanmo II High velocity fan Stop watch
Meter Stick Read the Safety and Transporting sections before
checking these out from Mr. Ochs
Slide 9
HOW THE WINDYANMO II WORKS Electrical generators produce
electricity by moving a conductor through a magnetic field. A
conductor is a type of material through which electrons can easily
flow. A magnetic field is an invisible force field that surrounds a
magnet. This force field is what causes magnets to attract or repel
other magnets. Magnetic fields are thought to be made up of
invisible lines of force, called flux. See figure A below.
Slide 10
HOW THE WINDYANMO II WORKS When a conductor is moved through a
magnetic field, it cuts across the invisible flux lines. This
causes the electrons in the conductor to move. In other words, an
electrical current has been produced in the conductor. This process
is referred to as induction.
Slide 11
HOW THE WINDYANMO II WORKS The WinDynamo II has a conductor
made of fine strands of wire wrapped around iron cores. This
conductor spins on a shaft inside a circular magnet. The conductor
spins on a shaft inside a circular magnet. The conductor spins
because it is connected to the WinDynamo IIs propeller blades.
Slide 12
HOW THE WINDYANMO II WORKS As the rotating conductor moves
inside the magnet, it cuts across the invisible magnetic flux lines
(figure B below). This produces a voltage in the conductor. The
electricity moves out of the conductor and through the wires
connected to the generator. The electricity then flows from the
WinDynamo II through the red lead to the activity board. To make a
complete circuit, the electricity flows through the black lead and
back to the WinDynamo II.
Slide 13
QUESTIONS/RESEARCH Describe how the WinDynamo II works. What is
an electrical generator? How does one work? Explain what a
conductor is. Explain what flux lines are. Describe the flow of
electricity from the conductor in the WinDynamo II and back.
Slide 14
ACTIVITY 1: BLADE ANGLE For this activity you will need the
WinDyanmo II and a stop watch. Place the WinDynamo II 30
centimeters from the fan. Adjust the propeller to the 10 degrees
blade angle With the stopwatch, turn on the fan to the high setting
and time how many seconds it takes for the propeller to start
turning. Turn off the fan, record the time in a chart like the one
on the following slide. Repeat the procedure with the blade angles
at 25 and 40. Make sure the fan stops before starting the next
test.
QUESTIONS/RESEARCH Describe what you noticed about the
relationship between the blade angle and the length of time it took
the propeller to start turning. Formulate a line graph using the
information from your table. The X axis should be the blade angle,
and the Y axis should be the number of seconds it took for the
propeller to start spinning.
Slide 17
ACTIVITY 2: ENERGY CONVERSION The Generation of electricity is
really the conversion of energy from one form to another.
Specifically, it is the changing of mechanical energy, or motion,
into electrical energy. There are many types of energy in the
world: mechanical, electrical, light, sound, chemical, nuclear, and
heat, to name a few!
Slide 18
ACTIVITY 2: ENERGY CONVERSION How about the toast you ate for
breakfast this morning? How many and what types of energy changes
must have taken place to heat the toast? Lets start at the
coal-powered electricity-generating plant. The coal stores chemical
energy, which is released as heat energy when it is burned. The
heat is used to boil water and create steam. The expanding steam
spins a turbine wheel. The energy has now been converted into
mechanical energy. The spinning turbine is sent through the power
lines to your home. The electricity goes from the outlet into the
toaster, where it is converted again into heat energy, and toasts
your bread!
Slide 19
ACTIVITY 2: ENERGY CONVERSION Experiment with the WinDynamo IIs
output devices on the activity board. Place the WinDynamo II in
front of the fan. Switch the fan to the highest setting and operate
the various output devices individually or in combinations.
Slide 20
QUESTIONS/RESEARCH What types of energy do the three output
devices (on the activity board) produce? Describe the energy
transformation from the wind (from the fan) to the WinDynamo II
engine and then to the output devices. Choose one output device and
make a flowchart indicating the energy transformations beginning
with the wind (from the fan) and ending with the output
device.
Slide 21
ACTIVITY 3: WIND SPEED Note: This activity will require the
digital multimeter. Attach the multimeter to the WinDyanmo II. To
do this, push the end of the WinDynamo IIs red lead into the red
Volts (positive) socket on the multimeter. Then push the end of the
black lead into the black COM (negative) socket on the multimeter.
Operate the multimeter as pictured on the next slide.
Slide 22
ACTIVITY 3: WIND SPEED Set the MultiMeter on 20 DC The RED
circle
Slide 23
ACTIVITY 3: WIND SPEED Place the fan facing the WinDynamo II.
Place the fan 30 centimeters away. Adjust the blade angle to 30
degrees. Turn on the multimeter and turn on the fan to the low
setting. When the propeller reaches a steady speed, record the
voltage on a chart like the one on the following slide. Turn the
fan to the medium and high setting and record the voltage for each
on the chart as well.
Slide 24
ACTIVITY 3: WIND SPEED SpeedVoltage Low Medium High
Slide 25
QUESTIONS/RESEARCH Describe what conclusion you can make about
the relationship between wind speed and the voltage produced by the
WinDynamo II?
Slide 26
ACTIVITY 4: DISTANCE Note: This activity also requires the
digital multimeter. Attach the multimeter to the WinDynamo II. TO
do this, push the end of the WinDynamo IIs red lead into the red
Volts (positive) socket on the multimeter. Then push the end of the
black lead into the black COM (negative) socket on the multimeter.
Operate the multimeter as shown on the next slide.
Slide 27
ACTIVITY 4: DISTANCE Set the MultiMeter on 20 DC The RED
circle
Slide 28
ACTIVITY 4: DISTANCE Place the fan 75 centimeters from the
WinDynamo II. Turn the fan to full power and record the voltage
shown on the multimeter display. Move the WinDynamo II to a
distance of 61 centimeters, then 45 cm, 30 cm, 15 cm and 0 cm.
After each distance, stop and record the voltage reading for that
distance. Summarize your data into a chart like the one on the
following slide.
Slide 29
ACTIVITY 4: DISTANCE DistanceVoltage 75 cm 60 cm 45 cm 30 cm 15
cm 0 cm
Slide 30
QUESTIONS/RESEARCH Graph the data from your chart into a bar
graph. The X axis should be the voltage, and the Y axis should be
the distance the WinDynamo II was from the fan. Describe what you
noticed about the relationship between voltage output and distance.
Describe how these results are related to your conclusion in
Activity 3.