World Bank Energy Week 2009 Ruth Potopsingh ACCELERATING ADVANCED ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES ACCELERATING ADVANCED ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES Wind Energy Development Wind Energy Development in Jamaica in Jamaica Ruth Potopsingh Group Managing Director, Petroleum Corporation of Jamaica
27
Embed
Wind Energy Development in Jamaica - · PDF fileWorld Bank Energy Week 2009 Ruth Potopsingh ACCELERATING ADVANCED ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES Wind Energy Development in Jamaica Ruth Potopsingh
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
World Bank Energy Week 2009 Ruth Potopsingh
ACCELERATING ADVANCED ENERGY TECHNOLOGIESACCELERATING ADVANCED ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
Wind Energy Development Wind Energy Development in Jamaicain Jamaica
Ruth Potopsingh Group Managing Director, Petroleum Corporation of Jamaica
World Bank Energy Week 2009 Ruth Potopsingh
Presentation Outline
• Country Profile – Jamaica• Case Study: Wind Energy in Jamaica –
Wigton Windfarm Experience• Challenges to implementation• Conclusions
World Bank Energy Week 2009 Ruth Potopsingh
Country Profile - Jamaica
• Population of 2.7 million• No proven commercial petroleum reserves
to date• Over 90% dependent on imported
petroleum• Inflation rate 2008 of 16.8%• Balance of payment deficit –
US$2,447.2million (August 2008)• HDI of 0.736 – ranked 101• GDP per capita – US$4,291
GRAND TOTAL 25,535,921 27,326,019 29,164,184 29,090,427 27,442,729
SOURCE: Bauxite/Alumina Companies, Caribbean Cement Company, Jamaica Public Service Company, Independent Private Power Companies, Refinery Statistics, Marketing Companies' Sales(Information provided by the Ministry of Energy)
World Bank Energy Week 2009 Ruth Potopsingh
3% 2%
36%
26%
19%
14%
Jamaica’s Generation Mix Hydro
Wind
Steam
Diesel
Gas Turbines
Combined CycleWind Energy ~ 2%Renewables ~ 5%
World Bank Energy Week 2009 Ruth Potopsingh
Renewable Energy Potential - Jamaica
Source Existing Capacity Estimated Potential
Wind 20.7 MW 60 MW
Hydropower 23.8 MW (installed) 81.7 MW
Bagasse 940,000 boe 68 MW
Bio ethanol 220 mgl (Imported Feedstock) 236 mgl (local feedstock 16mgl for local market)
Waste-to-Energy
55 MW
Biogas 840-6,300MWh estimated TBD
Solar 3 MWh est. 75-100 MWh
Photovoltaics 600w est. 1.0MW
Jamaica’s Renewable Energy Target is 10% electricity generation from renewables by 2010 and 15% by 2020.
World Bank Energy Week 2009 Ruth Potopsingh
WIND STUDY SITES
Spur Tree
762 m
Spur Tree
762 mBlenheim
800 m
Blenheim
800 mWigton
750 m
Wigton
750 m
Green Castle
79 m
Green Castle
79 m
World Bank Energy Week 2009 Ruth Potopsingh
• Wigton Windfarm Limited a state owned company owns and operates a 20.7MW wind farm in Manchester, Jamaica.
• Wigton Windfarm was commissioned in April 2004 with twenty-three 900kw turbines
• Capacity factor of 30% (normal capacity for wind farms worldwide)
• The wind farm supplies electricity tothe national grid.
• However despite the successful implementation of the plant the facility experiences technical and economic challenges
Wigton Wind Farm
World Bank Energy Week 2009 Ruth Potopsingh
Wigton Wind Farm• Wigton was financed with 62% debt, 12% equity
and 26% grant• Entered into a 20 year Power Purchase
Agreement with the Jamaica Pubic Service Company (JPSCo.) to sell all the electricity generated by the wind farm to the power company
• Transportation of new turbines to site • Local Geography
• Mountainous terrain• Local Infrastructure
• Narrow roadways• Poor road surfaces
• Special vehicles needed
World Bank Energy Week 2009 Ruth Potopsingh
Challenges• Additional Costs
• Wind regime in Jamaica more favourable in areas where the main public utility infrastructure is limited. Therefore additional infrastructure has to be incorporated into the project. For example construction of a substation.
• Tariffs • No special legislation governing renewable energy• Office of Utilities Regulation (OUR) provides an
indicative cost• rates from public utility negotiated on individual sites• Final rates approved by the OUR
• Negotiation prowess informs the commercial agreement with the Public Utility Company
• Wind energy development was new to the Caribbean therefore it was difficult to negotiate rates as there was no standard/precedent
World Bank Energy Week 2009 Ruth Potopsingh
Challenge
• Technology Transfer• Maintenance contracts are usually tied to the
turbine supplier • Training of local technicians is limited• Certification programmes by turbine supplier
is guarded
World Bank Energy Week 2009 Ruth Potopsingh
Challenge
• Lengthy bureaucracy• Procurement processes• Cabinet • Contracting Process• Financial guarantees• CDM - Lengthy verification process and long
delay period for payment
World Bank Energy Week 2009 Ruth Potopsingh
Challenge• Access to Land
• Land ownership had to be established • Overhead line route had to be determined as
the transmission lines had to be installed along parochial roads and private properties.
• 20 year lease arrangement executed with land owners to erect the wind turbines.
• Some farmers on-site were compensated for crop damage during the construction and commissioning of the wind farm.
• Agreements were signed mandating that farmers desist from further use of the land
World Bank Energy Week 2009 Ruth Potopsingh
Challenge• PERMITS/APPROVALS
• An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report had to be prepared.
• NEPA reviewed EIA then issued permit for construction
• Mining permit • Dynamite blasting procedure for civil works
(foundations)• Manchester Parish Council Building Permit• Power Generating License from Office of Utilities
Regulation (OUR)• Local stakeholder consultations
World Bank Energy Week 2009 Ruth Potopsingh
Challenge
• Supply of Wind Turbine Equipment • The demand on the world scene for wind
turbines has increased dramatically over recent years and as such the waiting period for the delivery of turbines has moved from less than 1 year to periods of 18 – 24 months.
• The unit price for wind turbines is still high despite the recent global financial downturn
World Bank Energy Week 2009 Ruth Potopsingh
Challenge
• Financial Viability• Global Financial Markets• Operations
• Utility incidents• Power Interchange Agreement
• Contractual• Tariffs• Penalties
World Bank Energy Week 2009 Ruth Potopsingh
New Technologies - Consideration
• Jet ducted; no propellor• Variable pitch control• Modular and scalable
• Up to 7 times more energy density per land area • Units have smaller dimensions for equivalent rated
power
• 25% capital cost
• Less maintenance
• Operates at lower cut in speeds
• Shorter delivery times
• Components ship in standard sized containers Multiple WindJets per Tower
World Bank Energy Week 2009 Ruth Potopsingh
Conclusions – Role of Multilateral
• Policy• Site specific or macro country approach
• How can the arguments for or against be advanced through shared information, experiences, protocols. Much RE policy is advanced from industrialized countries
• What protocols could be used in Developing Countries as well as Economies in Transition given their unique situations?
• Development of Tariff Rate Structures for Renewable Energy• Legislative Framework
• Technology• Risk Assessment of new technologies• An approach for allowing energy technology to be accommodated
in Developing Countries whereby investment and infrastructure risks do not leave these countries worst off
World Bank Energy Week 2009 Ruth Potopsingh
Conclusions – Role of Multilateral
• Capacity Building• Negotiation skills for Commercial Contracts for RE is
weak. This affects fair pricing, leads to inequities; penalties and profits; technology transfer.
• Training in RE impact analysis: measurement of efficiencies, project outputs and development results
• Research and Development• Increase facilitation of R&D through
Developed/Developing Country counterpart studies and living laboratories.
• Knowledge Management – RE Chat line to discuss newer technologies.