winaTqma es - Reso Kiknadzereso-kiknadze.de/bua/newadd/qarTulixalxurieposi.pdfcxovelTa Sesaxeb, rogorc `cxovelTa eposze~). arc imas, prozaulad aris moTxrobili, Tu leqsad anu `margalitad

winaTqma

eposi, rogorc Janri, mravali folkloruli formis momcvelia – es

SeiZleba iyos zRapari, miTologiuri gadmocema (andrezi), Tqmuleba, legenda, nebismieri narativi anu yvelaferi, rac naambobia, yoveli ambavi,

rac mbobas eqvemdebareba, magram struqturuli, kompoziciurad myarad

Sekruli, Tavisi dasawyisiTa da gardauvali dasasruliT. cxadia, moculobas ara aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba (laparakoben zRaprebze

cxovelTa Sesaxeb, rogorc `cxovelTa eposze~). arc imas, prozaulad aris moTxrobili, Tu leqsad anu `margalitad wyobilad~.

eposs farTo azriT mivakuTvnebT yvela TxrobiT Janrs, romelic ar

aris arc drama, arc lirika. klasikuri ganmartebiT, eposi upirispirdeba dramas da lirikas, Tumca ipoveba eposi, romelic Tavis TavSi aerTianebs

sityvierebis am saxeobebs.

arsebobs sagmiro-istoriuli eposi, romelsac raime istoriuli ambavi udevs safuZvlad. aseTebia elinTa eposi ìliada~, germanuli modgmis

xalxTa da irlandielTa sagebi, anglosaqsTa `beovulfi~, rusuli

bilinebi, espanuri poema `Cems sidze~, berZenTa `digenis akritasi~, somexTa `daviT sasuneli~ da mravali sxva.

aris eposebi, romlebic mowyvetilni arian istoriul drosa da

sivrces da mogviTxroben `zRaprul~, saarako WabukTa sagmiro saqmeT. es sagmiro-saTavgadasavlo anu safalavno eposebia. aseTebia sparsuli

dasTanebi (romlebmac CvenSi `yaramanianisa~ da sxvaTa saxiT hpova

gamoZaxili, wignuri àmirandarejanianic~ maT ricxvs ekuTvnis), Turquli modgmis xalxTa poemebi, narTebis eposi, romelic CrdiloeT kavkasiis

bevri xalxis zepirsityvierebis mniSvnelovan wils Seadgens.

arsebobs eposebi , romelTa mTavari personaJebi RmerTebi, naxevarRmerTebi an zebunebriv SesaZleblobaTa mqone adamianebia. es

miTologiuri eposebia da isini mogviTxroben samyaros, mcenareTa da cxovelTa Seqmnis, bunebis movlenaTa, adamianis, adamianuri sazogadoebis,

kacobriuli civilizaciis, sagnebis, sayofacxovrebo kulturis

warmoSobis ambavs. amitomac maT mTavar personaJebs ewodebaT demiurgebi – `naxevarSemoqmedni~ (Tu isini RmerTebia) da `kulturuli gmirebi~ (Tu

isini adamianebia). am Janris eposebs vadasturebT Suamdinarul (Sumerul-

aqadur), egviptur, indur, Zveliranul, ugaritul, xeTur mwerlobaSi. islandielebma werilobiT Semoinaxes germanuli modgmis xalxTa

miTologiuri eposi ùfrosi edas~ saxiT, finelebma `kalevalas~ runebi...

arsebobs samijnuro (romanuli) eposi, romlis klasikuri nimuSia Suasaukuneebis kelturi warmoSobis Tqmuleba tristanisa da izoldas

tragikuli siyvarulis Sesaxeb. amave Janrs unda ekuTvnodes saqorwino

urTierTobaze agebuli eposebi, rogoric aris germanelTa `kudruni~. romanuli motivi erTi Zlieri nakadia da xSirad TviTkmar Rirebulebas

iZens sagmiro-saistorio eposSi.

ra adgili uWiravs eposs qarTul folklorSi da romeli saxeobebiT aris igi warmodgenili?

mravalferovan da mdidari tradiciis mqone qarTul xalxur

sityvierebaSi epikuri Semoqmedebis wvlili, SeiZleba iTqvas, metad mwiria.

qarTul folklorSi ver vadasturebT istoriuli xasiaTis eposs, sadac ganzogadebulad iqneboda gadmocemuli xalxis istoria, rogorc es,

Cveulebriv, am Janris eposebSia; rogorc es aris `nibelungebis

simReraSi~ an Turqul `dede qorquTis wignSi~. ar Cans istoriuli an fsevdoistoriuli gmiri, romlis garSemo realuri istoriis Taviseburad

gardaqmnil sagmiro ambavTa ciklizacia momxdariyos, Tumca saqarTvelos istoria arcTu Raribia heroikuli epoqebiT, brZolebiT da, Sesabamisad,

istoriuli gmirebiT.

Cven ver vifiqrebT, rom xalxis epikuri cnobiereba gulgrili darCeniliyos im epoqaluri sasikeTo Tu sabediswero Zvrebis mimarT,

romlebic araerTgzis ganucdia qveyanas; ver vifiqrebT, rom

zepirsityvier matianes ar aesaxos espaneTis rekonkistis analogiuri uaRresad daZabuli xana, aSot kurapalatisa da mis TanamdgomTa gmiruli

epopea, rac qarTuli miwebis kvlav SemokrebiT dasrulda, magram espanuri

`Cemi sidis~ msgavsi xalxuri poema, sadac ukvdavyofili iqneboda TaobaTa xsovnaSi `Cemi aSoti~, ar dasturdeba; an masze adreuli xana

gorgaslisa, romlis miTosuri xati werilobiT matianeSi aris

moxvedrili, xalxuri eposis saxiT ki ar Cans; an, Tundac, ufro adreuli epoqa farnavazisa, romlis arqetipuli drois, rogorc `Zlieri Jamis~,

mefobis da sxva sulier RirebulebaTa, mraval siaxleTa dasabamieri

Jamis kvali werilobiTma istoriam Semoinaxa, xalxis xsovnas ki ver SemorCa. ra mizeziT? mizezi martivia: vrcelia `koleqtiuri~ mexsiereba,

magram is usazRvro da dauSreteli ar aris. mas ar SeuZlia

sinqronulad moicvas mTeli zepirsityvieri fondi misi `dasabamidan~, erTdroulad Seinaxos sxvadasxva istoriul epoqaTa zepirsityvieri

Semoqmedebis nayofebi. Taobebis monacvleobasTan erTad icvleba, periodul ganaxlebas ganicdis zepirsityvieri teqstebi; Zveli gadadis,

mis nacvlad axali mkvidrdeba. `xalxs is moswons, rac axalia~, amboben

òdiseaSi~ Zveli miTebis momRerlis demodokes msmenelni. da is Zveli, romelic ukan ixevs, gadis xalxis mexsierebis sawieridan, Tu aso-niSnebiT

ar iqna Cawerili, samudamo daviwyebisTvis aris ganwiruli. arc erTi

zemoxsenebuli xalxuri eposis xsenebac ki ar iqneboda, rom maT Caweraze ar ezrunaT. Seqmnidan orasi wlis Semdeg Cawerili iqna `simRera Cems

sidze~ (Semonaxulia erTaderTi 1307 wlis xelnaweriT); CaweriT

gadaurCa drois dinebisgan gariyvas `kalevala~, irlandiuri Tu islandiuri sagebi, epikuri ciklebi digenis akritasze; damwerlobam

gadaarCina rusuli bilinebi, romlebic maTi pirvelCaweridan asi wlis

Semdeg xalxis xsovnaSi ukve waSlili iyo. dasanania, rom saqarTveloSi, uZvelesi damwerlobis qveyanaSi, XIX

saukunis meore naxevramde ar ucdiaT xalxuri eposebis Cawera. Cvens

werilobiT ZeglebSi maTi arsebobis mxolod fragmentuli kvali SeiZleba davadasturoT. im xanamde, roca maTi Caweris interesi gaCnda,

qarTuli xalxuri eposi arasrulyofili, fragmentuli, SeiZleba iTqvas,

dakninebuli saxiT iyo moRweuli. ra saxe hqonda mas klasikur, epikuri

Semoqmedebis apogeaSi, CvenTvis samudamod ucnobi rCeba. magram, rogorc

odisevsi ambobs sakuTar Tavze, ̀ am galewili bzidanac Cans, ra TavTavic

viyavio~, igive SegviZlia vTqvaT am epikur teqstebze, romelTa analizs vTavazobT mkiTxvels winamdebare wignSi.

es sami eposi gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan. TiToeuli maTgani

warmoadgens epikuri Semoqmedebis gansakuTrebul saxeobas. isini ganekuTvnebian qarTveli xalxis kulturuli cxovrebis, qveynis istoriis

sxvadasxva periods, Seiqmnen gansxvavebul kulturul fenebSi. problematuria àmiranianis~ Seqmna-Camoyalibebis xana, magram Cven

SegviZlia zustad ganvsazRvroT àrsenas leqsis~ Seqmna-gavrcelebis

periodi. amirani miTologiur samyaroSi moqmedi personaJia, romlis asparezi sakacobrioa. arsena ki realuri pirovnebaa, masze SeTxzuli

`Sairsityvebis~ Tanamedrove. magram rac unda sxvaobdes maTi `sknelebi~,

maT Soris arsebiTi msgavsebaa, ris Cvenebasac cdilobs avtori. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom amirani xalxuri eposis ania (alfa) anu dasabami, rogorc

paradigma da arqetipi, arsena ki _ hoe (omega), misi ukanaskneli variacia.

asec SegveZlo gveTqva: àmiraniani~ da àrsenas leqsi~ erT epikur, magram sxvadasxva siRrmis dinebas ekuTvnian; `mas Jams~, magram ar viciT, rodis

gaWril saerTo kalapotSi miedinebian. msgavseba siRrmiseulia,

gansxvaveba _ epoqaluri. ver vpovebT sxva xalxur eposs, sadac ise mkveTrad iyos gacxadebuli adamianis amaRlebisa da dacemis

egzistencialuri drama, rogorc es àmiraniansa~ da àrsenas leqsSia~.

da mesame Cveni ganxilvis sagania romantikuli eposi _ poema èTeriani~, romelic adamianis bunebis sxva siRrmeebs swvdeba. aq

namdvilad `sxvaa adamiani~, ara epoqalurad sxva, aramed adamianis sxva

tipi, _ aseT sxvas vxvdebiT imave epoqis `vefxistyaosanSi~. aq siyvaruli Tavis Tavs ubrundeba, igi poulobs Tavis stiqias, rogorc cecxli eZebs

Tavis Tavs da poulobs im materiis simxurvaleSi, romelsac is ekideba. siyvaruli aq gamocdac aris da gansacdelic, is esqatologiuria

(amTavrebs uxano wuTisofels), samaradisod grZeldeba.

zurab kiknaZesof. almati

22 oqtomberi, 2001 weli.

àmiraniani~

amiranis ambavs mTels saqarTveloSi icnoben, SeiZleba iTqvas,

`nikofsiidan darubandamde~. igi dadasturebulia saqarTvelos TiTqmis

yvela istoriul mxareSi (qarTli, kaxeTi, fSav-xevsureTi, mesxeTi, javaxeTi, imereTi, raWa, leCxumi, svaneTi...). àmiraniani~ Zveli Tqmulebaa,

Cans, mas mouswria sruliad saqarTvelos Semovla. Canawerebi ki sakmaod

gviandelia, ara uadres XIX s-is 60-iani wlebisa. igi Zvelia, magram arc

ise Zveli, rom aTaswleulebs iTvlides. aTaswleulebis Semonaxva mxolod damwerlobas Tu SeuZlia, maT adamianis mexsiereba, Tundac

`koleqtiuri~, ver gauZlebs. uZvelesia àmiranianis~ motivebi,

miTologemebi, magram Tavad sxeuli misi SedarebiT mogviano warmonaqmnia. eposma Cvenamde fragmentuli saxiT moaRwia. igi arsebobs TxrobiTi

teqstis saxiT, romelSic alag-alag leqsiTi nawilebia CarTuli. ar arsebobs da arc SeiZleba arsebobdes erTi myari kanonikuri prozauli

teqsti, ver davadasturebT erTi da imave epizodis or identur Canawers.

mxolod leqsiTi nawilebia mdgradi, mcireodeni variantuli cvlilebebiT. unda SeiniSnos, rom swored gadamwyveti epizodebi ar aris

gadmocemuli leqsad, leqsiTi fragmentebi epizoduri xasiaTisaa. ar

moiZebneba Canaweri, romelic Tanamimdevrulad moicavdes amiranis Tavgadasavlis yvela SesaZlebel epizods, rac ganpirobebuli unda iyos

ara Tqmulebis Tavdapirveli fragmentulobiT, aramed alag-alag

tradiciuli epikuri xsovnis gamkrTalebiT. eWvi ar aris, rom epizodebi imTaviTve erTian epikur droSi unda yofiliyo CarTuli. àmiranianis~

mTlianobas, sxva niSnebTan erTad, misi dasawyisi da dasasruli mowmobs.

àmiranianis~ folkloruli Canawerebis monografiuli gamocema

ekuTvnis prof. m. Ciqovans _ mijaWvuli amirani (Tsu gam. Tb., 1947), sadac

Tavmoyrilia imxanad xelmisawvdomi, met-naklebad Rirebuli

folkloruli teqstebi saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela kuTxidan (qarTli, kaxeTi, fSavi, mesxeT-javaxeTi, xevsureTi, TuSeTi, xevi, mTiuleTi, guria,

imereTi, raWa, svaneTi, samegrelo, afxazeTi, oseTi), sul 69 teqsti. raime

arsebiTi siaxle àmiranianis~ SecnobisTvis am publikaciis Semdeg mopovebul masalas ar moutania. kvlevisas veyrdnobi zemoxsenebul

gamocemas.

ra tipisa Tu formaciis eposebs ganekuTvneba àmiraniani~? cxadia, igi ar aris istoriuli eposi. masSi ver aRmovaCenT verc erT istoriul

realias, verc romelime istoriuli epoqisa da istoriuli adgilis

kvals; misi gmirebis asparezi ganusazRvrelia; arafers gveubneba arc `balxi~, `balxeTi~ Tu `CabalxeTi~, arc àlgeTi~ (erTaderTi qarTuli

toponimi). arc personaJTa sakuTari saxelebia qarTuli istoriuli

sinamdvilidan aRebuli: badri, usupi, yamari arabul-sparsuli saxelebia. ar viciT, ra erqva mTavar gmirs, sanam mas amirani daerqmeoda. misi es

saxeli ufro gviandelia, vidre mose xonelis sagmiro-saTavgadasavlo

eposiseuli àmiran darejanis Ze~, romlis sparsuli warmoSoba karga

xnis gamokvleulia da eWvs ar unda iwvevdes: amir andare jehan niSnavs:

àmiri qveynierebaze~, iseve rogorc nest andare jehan niSnavs: àr aris [misi msgavsi] qveynierebaze~. simptomaturia, rom àmirandarejanianSi~ mTavari

gmiri arasodes moixsenieba rogorc àmirani~, xalxurma tradiciam mowyvita igi kompozits da damoukidebel andronimad aqcia, rac dRemde

asea.

yovelive amiT _ zemoT CamoTvlili niSnebiT àmiranianis~ qronotoposi zRaprul drosa da sivrces mogvagonebs, magram àmiraniani~

zRapari ar aris. misi tragikuli dasasruli auqmebs mis zRaprulobas.

àmiraniani~ arc miTologiuri eposia, swored misi asparezis

ganusazRvreli qronotopiurobis gamo. miTosi, rogorc wesi, ̀ dabmulia~ gansazRvrul sivrcesa da droze. sivrce miTosSi toponimizebulia, dro

_ winarewarsuli, romelic ebmis istoriul dros.

Tu SevecdebiT àmiranianis~ tipis gansazRvras, unda vuwodoT mas `tragikuli eposi~, sadac sagmiro-saTavgadasavlo da miTologiuri

motivebiT SeZerwilia adamianis aRzevebisa da dacemis drama. rogorc naCvenebi iqneba, ̀ amiranians~ ufro meti aqvs saerTo berZnul klasikur

dramasTan, vidre promeTeis miTosTan (amaze qvemoT). àmiranianic~,

msgavsad berZnuli dramisa, hubriszea agebuli. hubrisi anu gabudayeba

(mTiuluri terminia) kulminaciaa im zRurblTa Soris, romelTac gaivlis tragikuli dramis gmiri. ufro arsebiTad rom vTqvaT, ̀ amiranianSi~ dgas

adamianis problema da es problema , ar unda gagvikvirdes,

egzistencialur WrilSia dasmuli da gadawyvetili. amaSi mdgomareobs àmiranianis~ TavisTavadoba, misi unikaluri adgili msoflio xalxTa

eposebs Soris.

samwuxarod, rogorc iTqva, Cveni eposi fragmentebad aris Cvenamde SemorCenili. es fragmentuloba epikuri sunTqvis Sewyvetis Sedegia.

magram Cvens xelTaa fragmentebi da, rogorc odisevsi ityoda, Cemi

bzidanac Cans, rogori TavTavi unda vyofiliyavio, Cvenc igive SegviZlia vTqvaT maTze. es fragmentebi niSnebia da Cven unda avalaparakoT isini.

Cveni mizania, arsebul masalaSi gamovavlinoT is aucilebeli sazRurblo epizodebi, romelTa gareSe amiranis Tqmuleba dakargavda

TavisTavadobas. unda vecadoT, agreTve, rom am epizodebs gmiris

Tavgadasvlis droJamul mdinarebaSi mivuCinoT misi bunebrivi, erTaderTi adgili. àmiranianis~ dRemde SemorCenili masala iZleva amis saSualebas.

arsebul Canawerebze dakvirvebam cxadhyo, rom SesaZlebelia epizodTa

dalageba mkacri TanamimdevrobiT, iseve rogorc `svlebi~ misdevs erTmaneTs jadosnur zRaparSi (ix. vl. propis `zRapris morfologia~). am

epizodebs Cven vuwodebT zRurblebs, romlebic aRniSnaven gmiris gadasvlebs

misi yofierebis axal-axal viTarebebSi. amaTgan zogi sayovelTaoa

(universaluria), zogi ki – sakuTriv amiraniseuli. gansxvavebiT sxva eposTa gmirebisgan, romlebic mTeli Txrobis

manZilze igiveobrivni rCebian sakuTar TavTan, amiranis pirovneba ganviTarebas ganicdis, igi icvleba yoveli zRurblis gadalaxvis Semdeg.

zRurblebi gmiris sulier (aseve fizikur) ganviTarebaSi axal-axal

safexurebs aRniSnaven. Zveli da axali msoflio eposebis gmirebi _ odisevsi, aqilevsi, agamemnoni da sxvani dasrulebuli saxiT gamovidnen

TiTqos zevsis Tavidan. mudmivi epiTetebi, romlebic ganuyrelad Tan

sdeven maT, mowmoben maTi fizikur-sulieri saxis imTaviTve dasrulebulobas. rogorc Semodian isini TxrobaSi, iseTiveni rCebian

isini im kataklizmebisa da gansacdelebis Semdeg, romelTac ganicdian

isini. arc araferi ematebaT, arc akldebaT. odisevsi TiTqos SobiTganve mravalnacadi da didgamWriaxia _ es misi bedisweruli daxasiaTebebia.

aqilevsi mudam fexmardia, magram, rac mTavaria, xanmokle sicocxle misi

bedisweraa, misi xasiaTi imTaviTve dasazRvrulia da amgvari Semodis is

epikur sinamdvileSi. aseve germaneli zigfridi, franki rolandi, espaneli

sidi, berZeni digenis akritasi da sxvani da sxvani, romelTa xasiaTsa da bunebaSi Cven veraviTar cvlilebas gansacdelTa ganvlis Semdeg ver

vamCnevT. maT TavgadasavalSi ar SeimCneva gardamtexi zRurblebi,

romelTac ganviTarebis safexurebze ahyavT gmiri. Cveni amocanaa am zRurblTa SemCneva da maTTvis maTi kuTvnili adgilis miCena gmiris

TavgadasavalSi. epikuri gmiris anu, sxvanairad, tradiciuli gmiris Tavgadasavlis

epizodebad dayofas karga xnis istoria aqvs. pirvelad (1864 w.)

germanelma ioahan georg fon hanma scada 14 gmiris Tavgadasavlis safuZvelze daedgina 16-epizodiani modeli, romelic oTx jgufad hqonda

dayofili: dabadeba, siWabuke, dabruneba da sxva SemTxvevebi [34, 142-3].

iseTi gmirisaTvis, rogoric amirania, haniseul sqemaSi mxolod ramdenime elementi Tu gamodgeba, isic im SemTxvevaSi, Tu am elementebis Sinaarss

ramdenadme gavafarTovebT an transformirebulad warmovidgenT: gmiris

ukanonod dabadeba, dabadebisas dayolili niSnebi, gadagdeba, ucxo col-

qmris mier aRzrda. mis kvals mihyva (1881 w.) alfred nati (Nutt), romelmac

14-mde daiyvana epizodTa ricxvi, miuxedavad imisa, rom saanalizod

damatebiT kelturi (arturis cikli) da finuri Tqmulebebi gamoiyena [34,

143]. 1934 wels gamoqveynebul SromaSi `tradiciuli gmiri~ ficroi riCard

somerset raglanma (Fitzroy Richard Somerset Raglan) epizodTa raodenoba 22-mde

gazarda: Tormeti klasikuri, sami bibliuri (iosebi, mose, elia), erTi

germanikuli (zigfridi), erTi kelturi (arturi) da erTic Zvelegvipturi

(nikanga) `biografiebis~ safuZvelze [34, 145-150]. bolos, holandieli

folkloristi ian de frizi (Jan de Vries) 10-epizodian modelamde daiyvans.

Cveni azriT, igi yvelaze optimaluria da, albaT, universaluric, yovel

SemTxvevaSi igi ukeTesad esadageba amiranis Tavgadasavals. mogvyavs igi mTlianad: I. gmiri isaxeba, II. ibadeba, II. dabadebuls safrTxe emuqreba, IV.

izrdeba, V. uZlevelia, VI. ebrZvis gveleSaps da sxva urCxulebs, VII. didi

gansacdelis gavliT moipovebs sacoles, VIII. Cadis qvesknelSi, IX. brundeba iq, saidanac gamoaZeves da amarcxebs mtrebs, X. kvdeba [42, 143].

ra iwvevs aseT damTxvevas sxvadasxva TqmulebaTa gmirebis

TavgadasavlebSi? ra ZaliT xerxdeba maTi erT modelamde dayvana? f.r.s. raglani fiqrobs, da es namdvilad erTaderTi axsna unda iyos, rom am

TavgadasavlebSi saqme gvaqvs im ritualebis mimdevrobasTan, romelTac

tradiciul sazogadoebebSi eqvemdebarebodnen adamianebi, ara mxolod mefeebi, mTavrebi Tu beladebi. `tradiciuli gmiris Tqmuleba aris ara

realurad arsebuli adamianis cxovrebis realuri epizodebi, aramed

ritualur personaJTa cxovreba-saqmianobis ritualuri etapebi. aucilebeli ar aris aqedan davaskvnaT, rom am TqmulebaTa gmirebi

sinamdvileSi ar arsebobdnen. magram, vfiqrobT, Tu isini realurad arsebobdnen, maT moqmedebebs umeteswilad ritualuri xasiaTi hqondaT

an, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, maTi Tqmulebebi ise gardaiqmna, rom erT tipur

models misadageboda~ [34, 150].

isic usaTuod unda aRiniSnos , rom TqmulebaTa gmirebis

TavgadasavalSi, romlebic ritualTa Tanamimdevrobazea agebuli, am

ritualebs dakarguli aqvT Tavdapirveli funqcia. ritualis forma aq misgan gansxvavebuli realobis gamosaxatavad aris mowodebuli da,

ramdenadac tradiciuli sazogadoebebi yvelgan erTtipuria, tradiciuli

gmiris Tavgadasavlis modelic erTtipuri iqneba. f.r.s. raglani, cxadia, ar varaudobs, rom mis 22-epizodian modelSi yvela gmiris cxovreba

`jdeba~. 22 misTvis maqsimaluri raodenobaa, romlis realizacia yvelgan ar aris savaldebulo. magaliTisTvis, Tu oidiposis TavgadasavlSi

raodenoba maqsimaluria, Tesevsi 20 safexurs gadis, herakle _ Cvidmets,

persevsi _ Teqvsmets da a.S. avtori am naklulobas Tqmulebis xarvezs awers, magram xarvezi Tqmulebis cudad Semonaxulobis mizezi ar unda

iyos. Tu rituals TqmulebaSi Tavisi Tavdapirveli funqcia aRar

ekisreba, aucilebelic ar unda yofiliyo maTi sruli raodenobiT asaxva, an viciT maTi kanonikuri, yvela sazogadoebisTvis aucilebeli

raodenoba. rogorc arnold van genepma (Gennep) gamoikvlia [33], maTi

ricxvi SezRudulia, yovel SemTxvevaSi, arc ocdaoramde da arc aTamde

ar aRwevs. es aris zogadad e.w. gadasvlis ritualebi (rites de passage), romelTa meSveobiT Tu TanxlebiT tradiciuli sazogadoebebis wevri

icvlis asakobriv da socialur statuss. gadasvlis rituali sruldeba

Sobis, iniciaciis, qorwinebisa da sikvdilis SemTxvevebSi. es aris sami fundamenturi etapi adamianis cxovrebaSi da, cxadia, isini (nedli an

gardaqmnili saxiT) asaxuli iqneba nebismieri gmiris epikur

TavgadasavalSic. van xenepis mixedviT, es ritualebi qmnian jaWvs,

romelic sami safexurisgan Sedgeba: gamocalkevebis rituali (rites de separation), gadasvlis rituali (rites de passage), roca adamiani zRurblzea

(arc iqiT, arc aqeT) da mikuTvnebis rituali (rites de incorporation), roca adamiani _ ritualis obieqti sabolood mkvidrdeba axal statusSi

(asakobrivi iqneba cvlileba, socialuri, Tu metafizikuri). epikur TqmulebaTa analizi gamoavlens maT cxad Tu latentur monawileobas

mTavari gmiris cxovrebaSi. isini àmiranianSic~ ixilveba. misi analizi

gviCvenebs, rom qarTuli eposi ar misdevs im models, romelic evropelma mkvlevrebma daudgines klasikur Tu araklasikur Tqmulebebs. amirans

sakuTari gza aqvs, sakuTari etapebi am gzaze, romlebic Zerwaven mis ganumeorebel saxes, erTaderT tips, arc erT zemoxsenebul gmirs rom ar

enaTesaveba.

germaneli filosofosi, Tanamedrove hermenevtikis erT-erTi fuZemdebeli, h.-g. gadameri erTgan wers: `mTeli unda gavigoT nawilis

safuZvelze, nawili ki _ mTelis safuZvelze... nawili ganisazRvreba

mTeliT da, Tavis mxriv, gansazRvravs mTels~ [20, 72]. am gamonaTqvamSi TiTqos mankieri wrea, magram is WeSmaritebas gamoxatavs. aseve vityviT

àmiranianis~ epizodebze da im mTelze, im mTlianobaze, romlis nawilebi

es epizodebia. Cven SegviZlia gamovicnoT, romeli mTelis nawilia esa Tu is epizodi, Tuki am mTelze gveqneba warmodgena. mTelamde viciT nawili

da nawilamde viciT mTeli. sabolood ki, Cvens intuiciaSi mTeli da

nawili erTianobaSia. ai, es nawilebi, romelTa gareSe ver iarsebebs mTeli.

I. Soba

amirani, rogorc yoveli epikuri gmiri, saswaulebrivad unda iSvas.

magram saswaulebrivi Soba yvela variantSi erTi da imave xarisxiT ar

aris aqtualizebuli. misi Sesustebuli varianti iqneba bavSvis dabadeba xandazmuli mSoblebisgan. Tumca amgvari Soba ar CaiTvleba sakuTriv

amiraniseulad. mTavari mainc is aris, rom amiranis mSoblebi ucnobni unda iyvnen im sazogadoebisaTvis, sadac igi moxvdeba da gaizrdeba. arc

deda, arc mama misi Sobis Semdeg cocxali ar rCeba; mama Tu ar kvdeba, is

uCinardeba, raTa Senaxul iqnas amiranis warmoSobis saidumlo. mzeTunaxavi deda kvdeba, rogorc wesi, bavSvis dabadebamde. bavSvi unda

amoiridos dedis saSodan da monacvleobiT unda gamoiSuSos cxovelTa:

jer batknis, mere boColas faSvSi (kaxuri varianti) an dekeulis da mere kuros faSvSi (svanuri), an axladmokluli irmis `nedl tyavSi~ (guruli)

[10, 221]. SesaZloa, am epizodSi Zvel da e.w. primitiul xalxebSi

gavrcelebuli ritualis eqo iyos SemorCenili. mag., bantus tomSi bavSvebs winadacveTis win Cautareben rituals, romelsac xelaxla Soba

ewodeba. mama daklavs cxvars da sami dRis Semdeg gamoaxvevs mis faSvSi

an tyavSi. magram gamoxvevamde bavSvi unda wamodges sawolze da axalSobiliviT unda iWyipinos. sami dRis manZilze is cxovelis tyavSi

imyofeba. amgvarad, bavSvi eziareba bunebis sasicocxlo Zalebs, rac misi

momavali Zlierebis sawindaria. amiranis mama ufro xSirad monadirea, romelic amiranis dedas sadRac

miuval kldeSi, gamoqvabulSi xvdeba. SeiZleba gamoqvabuli koSkma

Secvalos, sadac mzeTunaxavia gamoketili. zogierT variantSi mamac iRupeba am SeuRlebis Sedegad. es misi bedisweraa.

amiranis obloba struqturuli elementic aris mis istoriaSi. obloba eposis dasasruls tragikulad meordeba martoobiT (XII) da

ase ikvris wre.

II. gadagdeba

amirani gadagdebuli bavSvia, TiTqos dasaRupavad ganwiruli. TiTqos

is im mizniT iqna gadagdebuli, rom daiRupos. Cvilis sicocxle bewvze

hkidia, magram Tu gadarCa, mas didi momavali eqneba. `gadagdebuli bavSvis tragedia anazRaurebulia oblobis miTologiuri didebulebiT,

pirvelyofili bavSvis ukiduresi martoobiT samyaroSi, misi unikalobiT.

aseTi bavSvis gamoCena Tanxvdeba saganTa gariJraJs, istoriis axal xanas, àxal cxovrebas~ realobis nebismier doneze~ [31-a, 250]. axladSobilis

bedis nivTieri gamoxatulebaa maxvili, romelic mas dedis muclidan

dahyveba da sabediswero gansacdelSi ixsnis mas. simartove amiranis mudmivi Tanamdevia.

svanur epikur poeziaSi Semonaxulia ambavi dakarguli Tu

gadagdebuli Cvili bavSvisa. dals bavSvi maRali kldis gamoqvabulidan gadmouvardeba. bavSvs mgeli dastacebs pirs da mihyavs. monadire Tofs

dascems mgels, bavSvs aiyvans da dedamiss, dals, ubrunebs gamoqvabulSi.

amis sazRaurad monadire dalisgan nadirobis iRbliT jildovdeba.

gadarCenili bavSvis Semdgomi bedi ki ucnobia [11, 268-273]. vin aris es gamoucnobi bavSvi? momavali amirania?

es siuJeti iZleva saSualebas sxvagvari daboloebisa, risi realizebac

ar dasturdeba svanur poeziaSi. erTi SesaZlo varianti: bavSvi dals gadmouvarda an bavSvi gadaagdes, mgelma ipovna da waiyvana (monadire ar

Sexvedria) gasazrdelad. mgeli gazrdis mas, raTa gazrdili daubrundes adamianur sazogadoebas. amgvari warmoSobis gmirebi xSiria msoflios

sxvadasxva xalxis folklorSi. SeiZleba warmovidginoT, rom monadirem

mglis piridan gamotacebuli bavSvi TavisTan waiyvana, radgan deda ar Cans, deda mkvdaria. monadire an Tavad gazrdis bavSvs, an daagdebs, raTa

axla sxva vinmem waiyvanos aRsazrdelad. xalxuri TqmulebiT, Tamaris Ze

– laSa-giorgi tyeSia gadagdebuli, raTa daifaros mSoblis sircxvili (TqmulebiT, Tamars maradiuli qalwuloba ewada). aseve gadagdebulia,

magram umotivod, rac miT ufro cxadyofs am aqtis aucileblobas gmiris

biografiaSi, misi Soreuli STamomavali erekle meore, romelsac amgvarad umRers leqsi: batoniSvil ereklesa irmis ZuZu uwovnia, wyali usvams

algeTisa, TrialeTze uZovnia, gadugdiaT saCaleSi, monadires upovnia.

gadagdebuli bavSvebi, romlebic miaRweven mowifulobis asaks, brundebian Sobis adgilze da xsna moaqvT TavianTi qalaqisTvis Tu

qveynisTvis, xalxisTvis. aseTebia: sargon aqadeli, mose, romulusi da

remusi, oidiposi da sxvani. akvanSi mwolare amirans ìamanis wyaroze~ dagdebulsac pouloben – es

TiTqos Sesustebuli variantia wyalSi gadagdebisa misi daRupvis mizniT.

xan akvani wylis fskerzea, ramac bazaleTis tbis andrezSi hpova asaxva esqatologiuri molodinis saxiT.

III. naTloba

qristianuli sarwmunoebis es upirvelesi saidumlo, rogorc zRurbli,

sakmaod mkvidrad zis amiranis biografiaSi. Tu naTloba siuJeturad ar

aris moTxrobili, is mainc fiqsirebulia amiranis vinaobis aRniSvnisas (àmirani iyo RvTis naTluli~, kaxeTi). naTlobis gareSe simZafres

dakargavda is tragikuli konfliqti, romelic naTliasTan SeWidebaSi

mdgomareobs. yvela variantSi, sadac ki naTlobis epizodia Semonaxuli, amiranis naTlia (qriste, ufali, iSviaTad – wm. giorgi) da misi

mimjaWveli erTi da igive piria. naTlia Rones daanaTlavs Tavis

naTluls da es aris misi saCuqari, romelic amiranma sasikeTod unda gamoiyenos da iyenebs kidec Tavisi yofierebis garkveul zRurblamde.

naTliave sjis mas. aq Cans qristes ori saxe – mwyalobelisa da

ganmkiTxvelisa (esqatologiuri mrisxane pantokratori). albaT, mniSvneloba aqvs imas, rom qriste RmerTi, misi naTlia, amirans

gzajvaredinze dagdebuls ipovnis da monaTlavs [1, 119]. gzajvaredini

misi SesaZleblobebis simboluri gamoxatulebaa.

III-a. rZeSi ganbana

es epizodi mxolod svanur variantSia dadasturebuli [14, 357]. rZeSi

mas dedobili ganbans, roca Seatyobs Cvils, rom is araCveulebrivi

bavSvia: dedobili masSi dalis naSiers amoicnobs. am ganbaniT dedobilma amirani Tavisi Cveulebrivi Svilebisgan gamoarCia.

sagulisxmoa, rom megrul TqmulebebSi aseve rZeSi ganbanen mZinare tyaSi

mafas Tmebs. rZeSi ganbana arqauli motivia, gamoyenebuli rogorc naTlobis gaZlierebuli varianti.

IV. boboqari bavSvoba

f.r.s. raglans, romelmac tradiciuli gmiris Tavgadasavlis saerTo modeli gamoikvlia [34, 152], SeniSnuli aqvs, rom gmirs yvelaze saocari,

anu gmirisTvis niSandoblivi ambebi mxolod mowifulobis xanaSi

gadaxdeba, xolo dabadebasa da am asaks Soris araferi xdeba. SesaZlebelia, es asec iyos mkvlevris xelT arsebul masalaSi, magram am

debulebas ar adasturebs amiranis eposi. xalxuri Tqmuleba icnobs

amiranis bavSvobas, romelic dauokebeli fizikuri Zalis gamovleniT xasiaTdeba. es TiTqos celqobaa, magram misi metismeti sicelqe TiTqos

samzadisia momavali brZolebisaTvis, romlebic man aucileblad unda gadaixados. misi es boboqari bavSvoba analogias poulobs gilgameSis

cxovrebis pirvel periodTan, roca veraferi aokebs mis Zalas. magram es

dauokebloba Tavis kulminaciaSi gamoaCens gamosavals: Tu gilgameSs uruqelTa vedrebis ZaliT moevlineba enqidu, romelic sxva

mimarTulebiT warmarTavs mis Zalas da mTel cxovrebas [2], amirani

kokebdamsxvreuli dedabris sityviT erTbaSad momwifdeba imisaTvis, rom aRasrulos vali adamianTa sazogadoebis winaSe, romelsac ase

saswaulebrivad moevlina.

`gmiruli bavSvoba~ gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia Turquli modgmis xalxTa eposisaTvis. `siuJetur-Tematuri datvirTva baRaTuruli

bavSvobisa (богатырское детство) ukiduresad mniSvnelovania. mudmivi

aqtivoba, zogjer zedmetad moWarbebulic ki, rac hipertrofiul saxes

iRebs xolme, baRaTuris ganmsazRvreli Tvisebaa da igi vlindeba ara uceb, aramed Senaxulia faruli saxiT mis bavSvobaSi... es erTgvari

inkubaciuri periodia, roca mimdinareobs qmnadoba da dagroveba personaJis qaraqterologiuri Tvisebebisa...~ [28, 129].

swored am aucilebel periods gadis amirani boboqari bavSvobis

saxiT. es periodi momdevno periodis, rogorc misi realizaciis, zRurblia, winapirobaa, romelsac mosdevs sxva, axali zRurbli.

V. devebTan brZola

epikuri gmiris biografiaSi aucilebeli epizodia borot ZalebTan brZola. amiranis eposSi am Zalebs devebi ganasaxiereben. ara Wabukobis

gamoCenisa da Zalis demonstraciisaTvis, ara TviTmiznurad, rogorc

xSirad xdeba àmirandarejaniansa~ da sxva safalavno eposebSi, ebrZvis amirani devebs, aramed gansazRvruli, erTjeradi miznis misaRwevad. rogor

ar hgavs safalavno eposis gmirebs amirani Tavisi erTjeradi

SebrZolebiT, Tavisi erTaderTi antagonisti deviT, erTi mizniT, roca

miaRwevs mizans da devebic misTvis (Tu saerTod?) aRar arseboben.

amirani mowodebulia daamkvidros am qveyanaze sikeTe, naTliisgan Zala mas swored amisTvis aqvs mimadlebuli. amirani mamobilis ojaxs,

romelic adamianur sazogadoebas ganasaxierebs, moevlineba rogorc

mxsneli. igi adamianebs ubrunebs devebis mier mitacebul teritorias, aTavisuflebs mas devebisgan. svanuri variantis mixedviT, amirani Tavis

mamobils, iamans ubrunebs devis mier motacebul Tvals. es aris sababi devebTan brZolisa. amirani devebs maTi qorwilis dRes ebrZvis. es

mniSvnelovania. aq aris esqatologiuri momenti: swored qorwilis dRes,

simbolurad ukanasknel dRes, roca yvelani erTad arian Seyrilni, erTianad unda gawydnen. es brZola sabolooa, radgan Tavad qorwilia

saboloo aqti, gadasvla erTi viTarebidan axal viTarebaSi, Zvelis

dasasruli axlis mosapoveblad. devebisTvis es `gadasxvavebaa~ (Sdr. jvar-xatebis epiTeti `dev-kerpT gadamsxvavebeli~ [18, 118]), amieridan am

qorwiliT unda Sewydes maTi Zveleburi yofiereba.

VI. ukanaskneli devi da camcumis koSki

marTalia, Cven miviReT Tezisi imis Sesaxeb, rom devebTan brZola

erTjeradia, magram iseve rogorc RvTisSvilTa da devebis brZolis

epopeaSi devebis ganadgurebis Semdeg ukanaskneli devi rCeba, romelsac sabolood iaxsari mouRebs bolos [5, 11], aqac gadarCeba erTi devi,

romelic unda ganadgurdes, raTa gamoCndes axali zRurbli gmiris

gzaze. am devis saxeli gamoCndeba SesaniSnav baladaSi, romelic àmiranianis~ bevr CanawerSi ipoveba. es aris leqsi, romelic iwyeba

sityvebiT `sanadirod gamovidnen amiran da Zmani misni, win iremi

gamouxtaT cas swvdeboda rqani misni...~ iremma monadireni camcumis koSkTan miiyvana, sadac daxvdaT mkvdari camcumi da werili, romelic misi

saxeliT iuwyeboda, rom mas moukvleli gadaurCa erTaderTi baybaydevi. werilis avtori devTan gasworebisTvis da Tavisi damarxvisTvis

sTavazobs Tavis iaraRs, cols da sxva. es is baybaydevia, romelic unda

Sexvdes camcumis koSkidan gamosul amirans, moiklas masTan orTabrZolaSi da sikvdilis win amcnos mas yamaris adgilsamyofeli.

aseve, es is devia, romlis moWrili Tavidan amosuli sami Wia momavali

epizodis Canasaxia. amirani ar klavs Wiebs da amiT qmnis safrTxes Tavis momaval asparezze. asparezi safrTxiT unda iyos savse, es aris misi

arsebobis forma. amiranis arCevani _ ar daxocos Wiebi _ Tavisufalia,

radgan arsebobs alternativa – Zmebis rCeva motivaciiTurT: mokali, Torem... amirani ki indobs, rogorc daindo gilgameSma xumbaba, miuxedavad

enqidus rCevisa. magram aq piruku xdeba: enqidu gilgameSis nacvlad

klavs urCxuls da swored misi sikvdili (ara dandoba, ̀ amiranianisgan~ gansxvavebiT) xdeba momavali safrTxis mizezi.

amrigad, balada, romlis organuli kavSiri amiranis eposTan TiTqos

eWvs iwvevs, gamoyenebulia xidad momdevno epizodisken (zRurblze) gadasasvlelad.

[àmirandarejanianSi~ analogiuri epizodi mTeli eposis karibWea,

saidanac iwyeba misi samyaro. abesalom mefe edevneba ucxo qurciks,

romelic Svidi dRis Semdeg miiyvans ucxo adgilas (`qveyana ucxod auCnda~), Tavad ki erT kldeSi gauCinardeba. mefe ixilavs qviTkiris

saxls, romlis SigniT kedlebze amiran darejanis Zisa da misi Wabukebis

saxeebia gamosaxuli. mefe moiwyens maTi ucnobobis gamo, rogorc rostevani ùcxo moymis~ gamo. mTeli àmirandarejaniani~ maTi Wabukobis

gadmocemas eZRvneba. amisgan gansxvavebiT amirani da misi Zmebi ar interesdebian camcumis warsuliT. maT mxolod pativi unda miagon

mkvdars da Suri iZion baybaydevze, anu gaagrZelon camcumis

daumTavrebeli saqme].

VII. STanTqma-amonTxeva (meored Soba)

gveleSapTan brZolis epizodi centraluria amiranis TavgadasavalSi.

amave dros igi miTo-epikuri gmiris aucilebeli gansacdelia, romelic unda gaiaros man, raTa axal qmedebaTa asparezi gaiSalos mis winaSe.

gveleSapTan brZola arsebiTad gansxvavdeba devebTan brZolisgan. devis

saxiT amirani amarcxebs, Zlevs borotebas, magram gveleSapi ar aris borotebis gansaxiereba, igi sruliad gansxvavebuli movlenaa da

gansakuTrebul funqcias asrulebs. ar unda miviCnioT Tavdapirvel

viTarebad, roca romelime variantSi gveleSapis funqciiT devi gvevlineba, mag., svanurSi, Tumca igi sxva arqaul motivebs Seicavs. aq

amiranis mamobilis Tvalis momtacebeli devi, romelsac amirani ebrZvis,

rogorc borot Zalas, da amiranis STamnTqmeli erTi da igive personaJia. baris variantebSi es igiveoba ar Cans, Tumca gveleSapi aq devis

transformaciaa: mokluli devis Tavidan amosuli Wia gveleSapad

daxvdeba gmirs gzaze. devebi mravlad arian, gveleSapi erTia, anu is gveleSapi, romelmac

gmiri unda Caylapos. yvela miTo-epikur gmirs cxovrebis gzaze, romelic faqtiurad

brZolis, winaaRmdegobaTa gadalaxvis gzaa, Tavisi gveleSapi (urCxuli,

drakoni) xvdeba. igi, cxadia, amarcxebs mas, magram gveleSapis Zleva gansxvavdeba sxva antagonistur arsebaTa, boroteul ZalTa (devebis)

Zlevisgan. rogorc wesi, gveleSapis mebrZoli gmiri unda STainTqas

gveleSapis mier, raTa Signidan daamarcxos igi, radgan garedan misi damarcxeba ar iqneba. magram STanTqma-Caylapvas kidev sxva ufro

mniSvnelovani datvirTva aqvs (amaze qvemoT). amirani ekuTvnis im gmirTa

wyebas, romlebic namyofi arian gveleSapis mucelSi da misi wiaRidan gamarjvebulni gamodian. vidre herakle, elinTa gmiri, daamarcxebda

urCxuls, romelsac mefis asuli hesione unda Caeylapa, jer Tavad

STainTqmeba mis xaxaSi, gaivlis mis wiaRs da gamova gareT. imave gansacdelis winaSea meore elini gmiri iasoni: miTosurad namdvil

iasons medeas micemuli wamliT ki ar dauZinebia oqros sawmisis mcveli

urCxuli, raTa es sawmisi mSvidad moepara, aramed jer Caiylapa mis mier da, roca ukan amovida, urCxuli gmiris am amosvliT ukve ganadgurebuli

iyo. es miTosuri sinamdvile erTi etruskuli xanis larnakzea

dadasturebuli [30, XV, 247], arc apolonios rodoselis àrgonavtikaSi~

da arc sxva werilobiT wyaroSi urCxulis amgvar aRsasrulze araferia

naTqvami (rogorc Cans, sityvierad gmiris am gansacdelis gamoxatvas gaurbodnen). amosvla, rogorc xsna, yovelTvis triumfaluria. es aris

xsna da gamarjveba erTdroulad. aseve STainTqmeba finuri eposis

`kalevalas~ gmiri veinemeineni vipunen-gveleSapis mier. mis mucelSi moxvedrili, igi naviT gacuravs zRvauri gveleSapis wiaRs (nawlavebs)

erTi bolodan meore bolomde da zRvaSi amoinTxeva. amiraniviT mounelebeli da mtkivneuli aRmoCnda igi vipunen-gveleSapisTvis (XVII

runa). amave eposis gmiri gveleSapisgan Caylapuli mWedeli ilmarineni

svanuri versiis amiraniviT ukadrisobs misi piridan an ukana nawilidan amosvlas da gveleSapis mucelSive gamoWedili daniT gamoWris misi

ferdidan gamosasvlels [26, 507; 32, 63].

gveleSapis epizodi ori nawilisgan Sedgeba: STanTqma da amonTxeva. ras gulisxmobs es epizodi garda masSi gadmocemuli sagmiro aqtisa?

STanTqma Tavisi warmoSobiT kosmogoniuri motivia, rogorc gveleSapTan

brZolaa kosmogoniis igavuri gadmocema. damarcxebuli gveleSapis sxeuli samyaros edeba safuZvlad, materiad. amis klasikuri magaliTia

marduqisa da TiamaTis orTabrZola, romelic kosmosis SeqmniT mTavrdeba

[5-a, 97-99]. magram kosmosis Seqmnas win uZRvis TiamaTis mier marduqis STanTqma da marduqis xeliT TiamaTis muclis gafatvra da amosvla,

rogorc mzisa wyvdiadidan, rac qaosidan kosmosis dabadebas niSnavs.

aseve kosmogoniuria Zvelinduri indrasa da gveleSap vritras Soris Serkinebis miTosi. uxelfexo uzarmazari gveleSapi vritra, romelmac

STanTqa mdinareTa wylebi da moaqcia Tavis SiganSi, ylapavs mis

winaaRmdeg galaSqrebul indras. indra Signidan ganwvalavs gveleSapis sxeuls, ixsnis Tavs da datyvevebul wylebsac, misi sxeulisgan qmnis

samyaros sxvadasxva nivTs [26, 534]. STanTqma-amonTxevis kosomogoniur miTosSi zogan gamWvirvaled, zogan

Sefarulad Cans erTi mniSvnelovani miTologema: STamnTqmeli zRvauri

urCxuli, gveleSapi STanTqmulis mSobeli dedaa, romlis saSodan xelaxla unda daibados RvTaeba, kosmogoniuri gmiri. babilonuri

kosmogoniuri eposis TiamaTi (`zRva~) yvela RmerTis didi dedaa, maT

Soris marduqisac, romelmac Signidan gafatra igi, raTa Seeqmna `mSvenierni nivTni~ anu kosmosi [5-a, 81. 105. 149]. am miTologiur faqts

mowmobs polinezieli gmiris STamnTqmeli gveleSapis saxeli – `didi-

didi-didi deda~ [30, 91]. STanTqmas, rogorc miTologemas, kidev erTi datvirTva aqvs: igi niSnavs

damarxvas, daflvas, saSoSi ukan dabrunebas anu, sxvanairad, embrionad

qcevas, raTa arseba kvlav iSvas. meore mxriv, STanTqma-STaflva sikvdilis sinonimia, rasac unda mosdevdes aRdgoma-gacocxleba, sabolood, isev da

isev xelaxali Soba. amrigad, gveleSapis muceli dedis saSoa, saidanac

unda daibados arseba. amitomac ar unda iyos moulodneli, rom tyeSi mdebare is qoxi, sadac sruldeba mowifulobaSi gadasvlis, SeiZleba

iTqvas, srulyofil adamianad `gamoSuSebis~ xangrZlivi rituali, ̀ dedis

saSod~ iwodeba da, imavdroulad, gveleSapis wiaRs warmoadgens. zogan

qoxSi Sesasvleli, sadac Sedis mowifulobis zRurbls miwevnili bavSvi,

`gveleSapis pirad~ iwodeba, karis daxurva ki gveleSapis mucelSi mis

gamomwyvdevas ganasaxierebs. axal gvineaSi sainiciacio qoxs gveleSapis forma aqvs Tavisi mucliTa da kudiT. bavSvi Sedis qoxSi, TiTqos

gveleSapis mucelSi inTqmebodes. es misi didi dedis saSoc aris, sadac

is ubrundeba embrionalur statuss da saidanac is meored ibadeba, rogorc sazogadoebis (tomis) srulfasovani da sruluflebiani wevri

[32, 35-36]. cxadia, amiranis STanTqma-amonTxevas aRar aqvs is datvirTva, rac mas

tradiciul sazogadoebebSi hqonda. amiranis TavgadasavalSi es epizodi

zRurblia, romlis gadalaxvis Semdeg misi yofa axal safexurze adis.Tu pirveli SobiT gmiris sicocxle iwyeba, meore SobiT _ axali

sicocxle. rogorc pirveli Sobis dros gaiWra dedis muceli, aseve am

meore Sobisas ikveTeba ferdi gveleSapisa im daniT, romelic Tan dahyva mas pirveli Sobidan. Cans, meore Soba gardauvali yofila: is am

Tandayolil danaSia nagulisxmevi. es imas niSnavs, rom gveleSapi

amiranis bedisweraa, TiTqos gadamwyvet zRurblze misi mSobeli deda xvdeba mas am gveleSapis saxiT, romelic xelaxla badebs mas. magram Tu

acnobierebs amas amiranis eposi, ufro sworad, am epizodis mTxrobeli Tu

misi am saxiT Semnaxveli? yvela variantSi, romelic ki gveleSapis epizods inaxavs, gveleSapis muclidan gamosuli amirani axladSobilis

niSans atarebs, rasac xatovnad gvauwyebs groteskuli leqsi:

amirani daibada: goWsa hgvanda, xuxalasa.Tma da wveri gascvivnoda, Ceeyara tomarasa.

es ori kupleti Tavisi sityvieri qsoviliT ar modis arqauli xanidan,

magram mas ZvelTaZveli miTologemis gamoxatva aqvs natvirTi. es groteski xatovnad gadmoscems axladSobilis saxes, mis ususurobas. wver-ulvaSis

gacvena migvaniSnebs, rom amiranis biologiuri dro ukuqceulia saSoSi dabrunebiT. dro xelaxla unda amoZravdes, `xuxala~ unda gaizardos,

Seimosos, unda miaRwios mowifulobas da es procesi unda daCqardes.

amisaTvis mowodebulia momdevno epizodi.

VIII. igri batonis wyali

es epizodi Tavis winapirobad gveleSapis epizods gulisxmobs, maszea

damokidebuli, Tumca SeiZleba TavisTavadi ambis STabeWdilebas tovebdes. amirani igris wyalSi unda ganibanos, rac TiTqos naTlobis

wyalSi ganbanis analogiuria. am dros TiTqos naTlobis ganaxleba

xdeba, rogorc Sobis momdevno, aucilebeli ritualisa. an SesaZloa, igris sabaneli im dekeulisa da kuros faSvis analogiuria, sadac dedis

saSodan naadrevad gamosuli amiranis sxeuli unda gamoSuSebuliyo.

amirani ganaxlebuli ZaliT amodis igris sabanelidan. ganaxleba aucilebelia misTvis, radgan mis winaSe axali, Znelad Sesasrulebeli

amocanaa. magram ra unda iyos imaze Zneli gansacdeli, vidre devebTan an

gveleSapebTan (TeTrTan, wiTelTan da, bolos, SavTan) brZolaa? rogorc Cans, aris aseTi gansacdeli, romelic amiranma, rogorc epikurma gmirma,

unda gadaitanos. es aris sacolis Zieba.

IX. yamari

sacole yovelTvis mosatacebelia. es aris udidesi gmirobis aqti da

zeadamianur Zalisxmevas moiTxovs. gmiri amisaTvis momzadebuli unda iyos, am aqtamde mas raRac unda hqondes Cadenili, Cadebuli unda hqondes

sagmiro windi. `sjobs sayvarelsa uCvenne saqmeni sagmironia~, SemTxveviT

ar dascdenia nestans es sityvebi. amiransac hqonda Cadenili sagmiro – es iyo devebTan brZola da is gansacdeli, romlis Semdegac igi xelaxla

unda dabadebuliyo axali sagmiros Casadenad. amiranis gza axal, ufro maRal safexurze adis. aq zRurbli xvdeba mas

da es zRurbli sagmiro da miTologiuri eposebis erT mniSvnelovan

motivTan aris dakavSirebuli. es aris mzeTunaxavis motaceba da igi gardauvalia, rogorc gmiris, ise qalis cxovrebaSi: mzeTunaxavi

samaradisod ar unda darCes koSkSi. vinmem igi mzis sinaTleze unda

gaiyvanos – mzeTunaxavma unda ixilos mze an mzem unda ixilos mzeTunaxavi. qali mzad aris amisaTvis da is elis Tavis gamomxsnels,

rogorc ukacur bnel saxlSi myofi farnavazi, romelic mzem gamoiyvana

velad da axilvina Tavisi Tavi `qvemdablad~. es yamars ar exeba, magram aq unda iTqvas, rom mzeTunaxavi, romelsac

saguldagulod malaven samzeosgan, bolos mainc mzis sxivisgan

mucladRebuli aRmoCndeba. winaswarmetyveleba, romlis Tanaxmad naSieri mamas an papas taxtidan gadmoagdebs, Tan axlavs siuJets, magram ara

yovelTvis. is aucilebeli ar aris. SeniSnulia koSkSi qalwulis

damwyvdevis ritualuri warmomavloba [29 -a , 27 ] . damwyvdeva , sazogadoebisgan ganrideba-gamocalkeveba e.w. gadasvlis ritualis

kuTvnilebaa. ganmartoebul koSkSi Sedis asakobrivi cvlilebis

zRurbls miRweuli da iqidan mowifuli gamodis. koSki Tu sxva nageboba, rac unda erqvas mas, koSki Tu `gveleSapis muceli~ an `dedis

saSo~, rogorc mas e.w. primitiul xalxebSi uwodeben, is adgilia, sadac mimdinareobs gogonas fizikuri momwifebisa da qalur `sibrZneSi~

wvrTnis periodi. da is mTavrdeba swored maSin, roca vaJic miaRwevs im

zRurbls, romlis gadalaxvis Semdeg mas SeuZlia qalis mopoveba. asakobrivi gadasvlis ritualis yru gamoZaxils axleburi motivaciiT

`vefxistyaosanSic~ vxvdebiT. Cven viciT, rom garkveul xanamde tarieli

da nestani erTad izrdebian. magram dgeba Jami da vaJs mama waiyvans, nestans ki mefe sagangebo saxls augebs. gavixsenoT strofebi 331-333:

mefeman saxli augo, Sigan samyofi qalisa: qvad fazari sxda, kubo dga iagundisa, lalisa,

pirsa baRCa da sabanlad saraji vardis wyalisa; igi mun iyves, medebis visgan saxmili alisa!

dRe da Rame mujamriTa ekmeodis alva Tlili;

zogjer koSks jdis, zogjer baRCas Camovidis, ra dgis Crdili. davar iyo da mefisa, qvrivi, qajeTs gaTxovili,

mas sibrZnisa saswavleblad TviT mefeman misca Svili.

sra edga mofardaguli oqsinoTa da SardiTa;

vervin vxedevdiT, Seiqmna piriTa mina-vardiTa;

asmaT da orni monani hyvian, imRerdis nardiTa;

mun izrdebodis taniTa, gabaons ganazardiTa.

am strofebSi bevri detali migvaniSnebs nestanis `samyofis~ ritualur bunebaze. misi mdidruli saxe, es fufuneba da garegnuli

brwyinvaleba mxolod imas gveubneba, rom igi ufliswulisTvis aris

gankuTvnili. SevcdebiT, Tu vifiqrebT, rom aq nestanis dro uzrunvelobasa da TamaSSi gadis (ìmRerdis nardiTa~). aq mimdinareobs

uasako gogonas wvrTna sadiaco asakisTvis. am strofebSi gamxelilia am

koSkis WeSmariti daniSnuleba: igi mxolod qalTa samyofia, sadac mamakaci ar WaWanebs. `vervin vxedevdiT~, ambobs tarieli da gulisxmobs

mamakacebs, TviT mama-mefis CaTvliT; qals ver ixilavs mamakacis Tvali,

mSoblisac ki, iseve rogorc Tvali mzisa, rogorc mzeTunaxavs: `Camovidis, ra dgis Crdili~, anu dRis im periodSi, roca Casulia mze; aq

wvrTnian mas (`mas sibrZnisa saswavleblad...~) qalur codnaSi anu

saidumloSi, romelic mamrTagan dafaruli rCeba. qaluri sibrZnis idumaleba aq gamoxatulia TiTqos qajuri codniT, romelSic mas davari

ganaswavlis. da, bolos, aq izrdeba is qalad, dedakacad: `mun izrdebodis

taniTa, gabaons ganazardiTa~; gabaonSi gazrdiloba, poemis avtoris mixedviT, srulyofili gazrdilobaa, roca asaki aRwevs saTanado

zRurbls. nestani sruliad gardaiqmneba koSkSi, is ucxoa, gaucxoebulia

tarielisgan, romelmac ver icno Tavisi toli, romelTanac erTad izrdeboda. es ucxooba, mowifulobis es siucxove aris moulodneli

siyvarulis afeTqebis mizezi. magram àmiranianSi, rogorc rusTavelis poemaSi, koSkSi yofna ar

inaxavs gadasvlis ritualis cocxal xsovnas. is mxolod saSeni masalaa sxva

motivis warmosaCenad.

vaJi swored maSin miadgeba koSks, roca qals aRar edgomeba iq, roca misi koSkSi yofnis dReebi amowurulia da axali zRurbli gamoCndeba

mis cxovrebaSi, mis fizikur-sulier zrda-ganviTarebaSi. amitomac qali

xalisiT mihyveba vaJs, exmareba kidec – ara Tu gatacebaSi, aramed mamis damarcxebaSic (ase iqceva, Tu gavixsenebT, kolxi medeac, romelic jer

mamis winaaRmdeg exmareba iasons, mere ki Zmas gawiravs).

amiran, gulad gmiri xar, kilo ar ici omisa.maRla raTa scem spilosa, dabla Semohkar rbilosa.

Cardaxs SeaWer boZebi, mas wamze miawvinosa.

qali TiTqos sadRacidan motacebulia da mas ZaliT akaveben koSkSi.

magram mas aRar surs Tundac brolis koSkSi darCena. qalisTvis es

tyveobaa, ufro sworad, garkveuli droidan is acnobierebs, rom datyvevebulia da rom sadRac arsebobs misi gamomxsneli. mainc saidan

moxvda es qali – yamari am koSkSi? es saidumloa, am saidumlos ver

amxels mTqmeli: koSki, romelic Suagul zRvaSia anu zRvis WipSi, miuwvdomlobis gamomxatvelia. eposma mxolod yofiTi motivi icis yamaris siucxovisa ded-mamisadmi, romlebic iqneb sulac ar arian misi

mSoblebi:

arca gamzarda dedama, arca metyoda nanasa,

gareT gadgamdiT akvansa, SigniT metyodiT nanasa.

roca Sin Semiyvanidi, yelze madebdi danasa...

ras niSnavs es `gareT gadgmuli akvani~ da `Signidan namReri nana~? xom

ar migvaniSnebs es yamaris araCveulebriv bavSvobaze, mis idumalebriv

warmoSobaze? amiranis akvanic xom gareT, iamanis wyaroze iyo gadgmuli. xom ar iyo yamari iseTive moZulebuli Svili, rogorc zRapris geri,

romelic ufliswulma unda gamoixsnas da didebaSi Seiyvanos, anu misi faruli dideba gamoaaSkaravos? (amis Taobaze ix. èTeriani~). radgan

brolis koSki ar aris is adgili, sadac asuli Tavisi nebiT imyofebodes,

asuls ara aqvs sakuTari neba, is ar irCevs Tavis adgilsamyofels. is mxolod elis, rogorc elis murmanis koSkSi gamomwyvdeuli eTeri

abesaloms. qalis, aq yamaris, pasiuroba kidev ufro amZafrebs mis

idumalebas. Tu amiranze, mis warmoSobaze raRac viciT, yamaris warmoSoba saidumloebiT aris moculi. ufro metic: Tavad yamaria saidumlo,

romlis arc dasabami viciT, arc – bolo. ra rols unda TamaSobdes qali

amiranis TavgadasavalSi, Tuki maT Sexvedras qorwili ar agvirgvinebs? arc erT Canawer variantSi ar aris naxsenebi maTi qorwili – naxsenebi

rom yofiliyo, es zRapris dasasruli iqneboda. magram amiranis Tqmuleba

ar aris zRapari, rom qorwiliT dasruldes. rCeba motacebis aqti, rogorc aqti, Tavis TavSi dasrulebuli, TviTkmari epizodi. amiT

motacebas (gamoxsnas) TavisTavadi, damoukidebeli Rirebuleba eniWeba.

motacebis Semdeg yamaris kvali ikargeba: mas ver vxedavT amiranis gverdiT misi cxovrebis sabediswero wuTebSi, verc maSin, roca is martoa

Tavis gabudayebaSi, verc – roca naTlias iwvevs orTabrZolaSi, verc –

roca kldezea mijaWvuli. amirani yamaris mosataceblad ebrZvis Zalebs, romelTac RrubelT

batoni ganagebs, caze Camokidebuli koSkidan Camohyavs qali, da am aqtis CadeniT TiTqos gascdeba adamianur zRvars, is TiTqos adamianze meti

gaxdeba. magram mas moelis iseTi gansacdeli, romlis gadasatanad aRar

hyofnis adamianuri Zala. mas win kidev erTi zRurbli-gansacdeli elis gadasalaxavad.

X. ambri arabi

es gansacdeli mkvdarma ambri arabma mouvlina amirans, roca amirani Tavisi Zlierebis mwvervalze iyo; roca is darwmunebuli iyo Tavis

uZlevelobaSi, Tavis erTaderTobaSi. vin aris ambri arabi, ra warsuli

aqvs, ra gmiroba Caudenia – es arc amiranma icis da arc eposis msmenelebma ician. sad iyo misi Wabukobis asparezi, an vin daumarcxebia

mas, arc es aris cnobili. is TiTqos sxva droSi da sxva sivrceSi

arsebobda da sikvdilis SemdegRa SemoiWra amiranis cxovrebaSi, rogorc cocxali dadastureba xalxuri Tqmisa: `mjobs mjobi ar daeleva~.

amirani Tavis Tavze ganicdis am andazis WeSmaritebas. is ismens ambris

dedisgan mware sityvebs, rogorc mxilebas:

àis qveyanamc krulia, sadac Sen amiranobdi,

Tavs ixuravdi CaCqansa, boloze hjaWvianobdi.

wesi Tu iyos dedaTi, advilad ginadirebdi~.

da sasowarkveTa moicavs mas, ormoc dRes iglovebs sabneloSi jdomiT

sakuTar Tavs. marcxi miT ufro samarcxvinoa, rom igi mkvdrisagan aqvs nawvnevi, sasowarkveTa miT ufro autanelia, rom igi veRarasodes

moaxerxebs ambri arabTan Sebmas Tavisi saamayo Zalis gamosacdelad da

rom igi ambri arabis ara mTelma Zalam daamarcxa, aramed misma naSTma – mkvdarma fexma, romelic urmidan gadmovardniliyo da miwaze naRari

gahqonda. ambri arabTan Sexvedram amiranSi CaTesa Surisa da sasowarkveTilebis Tesli, romelmac Semdeg gabudayebis (ZvelberZenTa

hubrisis) nayofi aRmoacena.

XI. Zalis ganaxleba

am sasowarkveTilebidan, romelic araraobis Segnebam warmoSva, amirans naTlia gamoiyvans. aq xdeba misi gardatexa, TiTqos sxva adamianad

dabadeba. naTliam icis, rom es amirani, romelic ixveweba Zalis

momatebas, is Zveli amirani aRar aris, borotebas rom ebrZoda akvanSi danaTluli ZaliT. naTliam icis, amirani am gaorkecebul Zalas

sasikeTod ar gamoiyenebs. magram naTlias, Tumca is yovlisSemZlea, ar

ZaluZs uari uTxras naTluls saTxovarze, radgan naTlulis uflebaa, saCuqari miiRos naTliisgan. naTliam icis, rom amiranisTvis es sasikeTo

ar iqneba, magram amiranma Tavad unda gamoscados is, rac man unda

icodes, rogorc adamianma, da rac misi, rogorc adamianis, gamosacdelia. naTliam is bolomde unda miuSvas, amoawurinos adamianuri

SesaZleblobani, sakuTar Tavze ganacdevinos adamianSi moqceuli, Tundac RvTiuri naTliisgan moniWebuli Zalis dasazRvruloba. naTliis codna

absoluturia: is, RmerTi, Wvrets yvela SesaZleblobas, maT Soris imasac,

romelic amirans sabediswero orTabrZolamde miiyvans. meore mxriv, naTlias ar SeuZlia uari uTxras naTluls, rogorc basili didi wers,

`RmerTi uZluria adamianis Tavisufali nebis winaSe, mas ar SeuZlia misi

iZuleba, radgan Tavisufleba RvTis yovlisSemZleobidan momdinareobs~. da amiransac, rogorc adamians, RvTis xatad Seqmnils, ar SeiZleba

waerTvas Tavisufali neba, Tunda igi borotebisken ixrebodes.

erTaderTi, rac `zRvars udebs~ RvTis yovlisSemZleobas, adamianis Tavisuflebaa. RmerTs ar `SeuZlia~ masze Zaladoba, radgan Tavisufleba

RvTis naperwkalia adamianSi.

XII. gabudayeba (hubrisi)

RmerTi ar akavebs, RmerTi miuSvebs. es RvTiuri miSvebaa. amirani

miSvebulia da isic etoqeba imas, vinc miuSva igi.

Zalagaorkecebuli amirani sruliad marto aRmoCndeba. rogor warmoiSva es simartove? sad aris yamari, romlis mosapoveblad man

arnaxuli gmiroba Caidina? ar viciT. mTxrobeli dums. ara Tu ar icis,

arc ainteresebs yamaris bedi, radgan es arseba Tavad amirans aRar esaWiroeba. sad arian Zmebi – badri da usupi, romlebic Tan axldnen mas

ganuyrelad da Semweoba gauwies yamaris mopovebaSi? mTxrobeli dums. amirans isini aRar esaWiroeba. Tavis gabudayebaSi amirani marto unda

iyos, rogorc absoluti, romelic ver iTmens Tavis gverdiT sxvas. erTi

variantis mixedviT, amirani Sin tovebs maT, Tan ar mihyavs saWabukod, xels

SemiSliano. marTlac, Zmebi iqneb xelisSemSlelni yofiliyvnen: amirani am qveynad xom yvelas unda dapirispireboda, raTa Tavisi Zalis

ùsazRvroeba~ gamoecada da ganecada, raTa martodmarto darCeniliyo

sakuTar TavTan. is ar unda SeCerebuliyo berikacis winaSe, romelTan orTabrZolasac Zmebi uTuod dauSlidnen. da amirani, raki mas naTlia

miuSvebda mis nebaze, bolomde gamocdida Tavs anu im Zalas, romelic Tavisi egoneboda, radgan daviwyebuli eqneboda, visi moniWebuli iyo igi.

amirani mowyda kacobriobas – man Tavisive xeliT gaaudabur-

gaaukacriela Tavisi garemo: arc toli, arc naklebi, arc mjobi, aRarc badri da usupi, aRarc yamari... arc devebi (garda erTaderTi calTvala

devisa) – martodmarto miwasa da cas Sua, uflis winaSe, RvTis pirispir.

miwas umZimda amirani. raRacis molodini iyo. sazogadoebisgan es kideganoba, asocialuroba, rac aSkarad SeiniSneba

amiranis pirovnebaSi [35, 315-316], sxva araferia, Tu ara misi gabudayebis,

hubrisis gamoxatuleba. is SeiZleba warmovidginoT, rogorc socialuri

struqturis, figuralurad, keriis damangreveli ànti-siZe~ [31, 202-203]. g. SaraSiZe mis am Tvisebas monadireobasTan akavSirebs. Tumca

amiranisTvis monadireoba ganmsazRvreli ar aris, magram is damatebiT

aZlierebs hubrisis xifaTs. miTosuri monadire, rogorc wesi, am motiviT iRupeba.

bolos, martod darCenili (sad arian misi Zmebi, sad aris yamari?)

amirani kvlav obolia da kvlav boboboqrobs, rogorc bavSvobaSi. meordeba misi boboqari, agresiuli bavSvoba – moWarbebuli Zalis usagno

demonstracia.

XIII. uflis gamowveva

`... maSin moicems guls, sazRvars gadalaxavs da Sescodavs. misi Zala

ki mis RmerTSia~ (abak. 2:11). amiranis momrevi aRaravin darCa qveyanaze. es misi bedisweraa. sabedisweroa im azriT, rom gardauvalia misi Sexvedra im berikacTan, romelmac erTxel Rame gaaTia misi mamobilis WerqveS da

axladmogvrili Svilis naTlioba SesTavaza. ar SeiZleba am berikacma ar

moikiTxos igi, ar daxvdes mas gzaze, raTa mouvlinos axali gansacdeli. amiranma ganizraxa aseTi absurdi – absoluturi Zalis mflobeloba, im

wyarosi, saidanac moedineba misi Zliereba.

amirani devebis saxiT dabal sawyiss ebrZoda da misi brZola warmatebuli iyo (àmiranma devi dasca...~). axla naTliis saxiT is

umaRles sawyiss ebrZvis da dascems sakuTar Tavs. erTxel amiranma

moiTxova imaze meti, rac SobiTgan hqonda micemuli, da mieca. axla man moisurva gamxdariyo imaze meti, rac iyo: amaRlebuliyo misTvis Zalis

momniWebelze. naTliasTan SebrZolebiT man moindoma, rom madli, romelic

mas mieca, misi buneba gamxdariyo. amiranSi meordeba adamis dacema. àdamis dacema imaSi mdgomareobs, rom man RmerTTan metoqeoba arCia, raTa

gaTanasworeboda mas, nacvlad imisa, rom mis madls ziareboda~ [25, 132].

amgvari ganzraxvis absurduloba yofierebaSi pirvelad maSin gamoCnda,

roca erTma ubrwyinvalesma angelozma, romelic yvela sxva angelozze

axlos iyo gamCenTan, misi taxtis xelyofa ganizraxa – Svilma moindoma,

Camoegdo mama da misi adgili daeWira. am aqtiT, – es iyo janyi, mwvervali gabudayebisa – sulier samyaroSi Semovida boroteba, romelmac mere

adamSi iCina Tavi. amiranis sasjelic iseTive aucdenelia, rogorc

sasjeli mojanye angelozisa. es aris misi mokveTa samzeodan, cocxalTa qveynidan da, rac ufro maRali iyo misi mdgomareoba, miT ufro Rrma iyo

misi dacema. amirani, rogorc adamiani, RvTis xats atarebs, RmerTma is Tavisufal arsebad Seqmna. da raki Tavisufalia, mas SeuZlia airCios

RvTis sawinaaRmdego, daupirispirdes kidec mas, vinc Seqmna igi. rogorc

Toma aqvineli wers, ̀ borotebis arCevis SesaZlebloba upiroboa, igi ar SeiZleba waerTvas srulyofil arsebas. aq aris Rrma safuZveli

gansacdelisa da angelozis janyisa, da, agreTve, adamianis gansacdelisa

da janyisa, rogorc pirveli adamianisa, aseve yvela Cvenganis. es aris yoveli sulieri arsebis xvedri: man unda gaiaros gansacdeli

TavisuflebiT~. SeiZleba Tu ara amiranis janyi ganvixiloT mamis

winaaRmdeg janyis saerTo tipologiur konteqstSi? kerZod, SesaZlebelia Tu ara misi CarTva berZnuli (da xeTuri) Teogoniis tipologiaSi?

kronosi Camoagdebs uranoss, kronoss Camoagdebs zevsi. mojanye imarjvebs,

misTvis ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli sasjeli. amiranis janyi, mxolod mcdeloba upiratesobis gamoCenisa, Tavis TavSive gulisxmobs sasjels.

amiranis eposi misdevs semitur yaidas, romlis Tanaxmadac mama yovelTvis

gamarjvebulia, misi marcxi warmoudgenelia, radgan is absoluturi mamobis gansaxierebaa.

XIV. mijaWva

amiranis sasjelis adgili igive adgilia, sadac man berikacs orTabrZola gaumarTa. Serkineba xdeba an romelime maRal mTaze

(ialbuzi, brutsabZela, sayornia...), an samWedlosTan, an gzajvaredinze. maRali mTa, mTis mwvervali kargad gamoxatavs misi zvaobis, gabudayebis

mwvervals, saidanac unda daiwyos misi dacema. is palo Tu uflis

yavarjeni, romelsac Zvra ver uyo amiranma, raki uflis brZanebiT fesvebi gaidga dedamiwis gulSi, iqceva im svetad, sadac miejaWveba meamboxe gmiri.

mijaWva ar akmara mrisxane naTliam – zed kldec gadaaxura, raTa

kacTagan uxilavi yofiliyo, rogorc dabeWdili saidumlo. daeca amirani. daeca, rogorc is angelozi, romelzec bibliaSia naTqvami: `rogor

Camoemxe cidan, mTiebo, Zeo ganTiadisa! miwas daenarcxe, xalxTa mtarvalo!

guSin ambobdi: cad avxdebi, RvTis varsklavTa zemoT taxts davidgam da davjdebi sakrebulo mTaze, Crdilo kalTebze. maRla RrublebSi

aviWrebi, uzenaess gavutoldebio! magram SaveTSi Cadixar, qvesknelis

ufskrulebSi...~ (esaia, 14: 12-15). is, rac daemarTa amirans, ar aris

ganpirobebuli mis gareSe arsebuli obieqturi garemoebebiT, arc winaswarganCinebiT (anu bedisweriT), aramed gamowveulia misi Tavisufali

nebiT. aq aris tragedia ara bediswerisa, rogorc antikur dramasa Tu miTosSi, aramed tragedia Tavisufali nebisa, rogorc qristianuli epoqis

dramaSi (Seqspiri, ibseni, vaJa-fSavela...). n. berdiaevi erTgan wers, rom

`namdvili tragedia aris tragedia Tavisuflebisa da ara bediswerisa~.

amiranis saqmeSi ar Cans bediswera. ar Cans arc winaswarmetyveleba,

romelsac unda gaurbodes is, rogorc oidiposi an aqilevsi gaurbian. bevri niSniT amirani enaTesaveba aqilevss [35, 309-310. 315-6. 319-320], magram am

erTaderTi gadamwyveti niSniT Sordeba. es aris Tavisufali neba anu

arCevanis Tavisufleba, rasac moklebulia elinTa saxelganTqmuli gmiri. amiranis sasjelis Tavisebureba is aris, rom mijaWvam samani daudo mis

hubriss, iseve, rogorc codvis Sedegad Semosulma sikvdilma adams mis

bunebaSi codvis gamaradisebis perspeqtiva aacila. aq Cans sasjelis ambivalenturoba, rac esoden nacnobia elinuri tragediisTvis.

Tavsdatexilma ubedurebam, rogorc RvTis sasjelma, kaTarzisi unda

dabados. amiranis tragedia elis kaTarziss.

XV. mijaWvuli amirani

amirani garidebulia kacobriobas. misi Tavdapirveli obloba

martoobis saxes iRebs. martoobis ganaCeni man Tavadve gamoutana Tavis Tavs, roca gabudayebis periodSi ganudga yvelas da, sabolood, yovlis

pirvel mizezsa da dasabams aujanyda. ar arian mis gverdiT arc misi

Zmebi da arc yamari. sad aris Semwe, mrCeveli da mosarCle? RmerTma dasaja da adamiani rogorRa gamoesarClos? aRarc metoqe, romelTanac

kvlav gamocdida Zalas. ukanaskneli Zala, romelmac is miajaWva, klded

aris aRmarTuli. axla is martoa Tavis TavTan, dasrulda epikuri dro da daiwyo egzistencialuri, misi sakuTari pirovnuli dro. am tyveobaSi

mis garSemo Cndebian sruliad axali personaJebi. aq aris goSia, romelmac mTeli wlis manZilze unda lokos jaWvi, gawyvetamde miiyvanos

igi, raTa mWedlebma kvlav gaamrTelon. es xdeba vnebis kviras, did

xuTSabaTs, roca mWedlebi dilaadrianad ubrad, mdumared grdemlze uros scemen TavTavianT samWedloebSi da maTi erToblivi ZalisxmeviT

iq, gamoqvabulSi, jaWvi kvlav iWedeba. mTiuluri Tqmuleba amgvarad

gadmogvcems amiranis jaWvTa yovelwliur ganaxlebas mWedlebis mier: àRdgomis sami dRis win, did xuTSabaTs, mWedelma grdemls kveri unda

dahkras, Toro amirani aiSvebs da mWedlebs emterebao. ramdenjerac kvers

grdemlze dahkramen, imdens muSkias lokviT gaTxelebuli amiranis jaWvi gasqeldebao. amirani aq, mleTaSia dabmuli~ [4, 107].

aqvea Citi, romelic periodulad ajdeba palos, raTa amiranma palo,

romelsac is aryevs mTeli wlis manZilze, Tavisda uneburad kvlav myarad CaaWedos kldeSi. paloze Semomjdar am ucxo, saidanRac

Semofrenil frTosans wili udevs TiTqos ukve Tavdaxsnili amiranis

xelmeored mijaWvaSi. amirani palos abrunebs miwis siRrmeSi. ras niSnavs es? risi niSania es Citi? imis xom ara, rom is jer kidev ar aris mzad

gasaTavisufleblad? es uneburi TviTSeborkva xom ar aris gamoxatuleba

im codvisa, romlisganac igi jer kidev ar gaTavisuflebula? an im absurdisa, romelSic sakuTar ZalaSi dajerebam Caagdo? igive Zala,

romelic misi imedi da siamaye iyo, iqceva mis kvlav mimjaWvelad. es Zala xom mainc misi sakuTreba ar aris – es misi naTliis Zalaa, romelic

mibarebuli hqonda mas. igive Zala ajaWvavs mas kvlav ganmeorebiT da ase

iqneba, sanam amirani amas ar mixvdeba.

goSia – miwis arseba – exmareba, Citi – cis arseba – xels uSlis. es imas xom ar niSnavs, rom ca jer kidev ar aris Tanaxma misi

gaTavisuflebisa? ca kvlav gansacdels ugzavnis mas, kvlav elis misgan

pasuxs. sijiutea, rom abrkolebs mis gaTavisuflebas. jer sijiute unda daiZlios.

XVI. gaTavisuflebis amao mcdeloba

Tanaxmad ramdenime variantad arsebuli Tqmulebisa, romelic SeiZleba

amiranis eposis epilogad miviCnioT, is klde, sadac mijaWvulia gmiri,

Svid weliwadSi erTxel iReba. ca kvlav aZlevs Sanss... erT-erTs am gaxsnaTagan Seeswreba erTi usaxelo mwyemsi, menaxire,

mecxvare Tu monadire [1, 95; 14, 338. 335. 346]. eposis dasawyisSi, mis

prologSi, vxedavT monadires, romelmac i povna bavSvi da ixsna daRupvisagan. epilogSi kvlav vxvdebiT monadires, romelsac amJamadac

amiranis gadarCenis misia akisria. am monadirem amiranis davalebiT

Sinidan (an samWedlodan) unda wamoiRos jaWvi (sakideli), romlis saSualebiTac amiranma Tavisken unda miizidos xmali, raTa gakveTos

borkilebi. monadirem ubrad unda wamoiRos es sakideli – aravis gasces

xma, aravis gamoepasuxos; dumilis dacva, saidumlos Senaxva aRTqmis Senaxvis badalia. mxolod aseT SemTxvevaSi eqneba warmateba mis

mcdelobas. Cveulebriv, monadire yovelTvis icavs akrZalvebs sanadirod

wasvlamde ramdenime dRiT adre. marxulobs, mdumarebs, ar ekareba cols. am akrZalvaTa Sesrulebazea damokidebuli misi warmateba nadirobisas.

magram monadire ver daicavs dumilis aRTqmas. abezari coli

daacdeninebs sityvas amiranis gamosaxsnelad mimaval qmars. monadire veRar miagnebs kldes da amiranis gaTavisuflebis saxsaric ispoba.

monadire ver icavs dumils, mWedlebi ki icaven, roca ubrad scemen grdemls, da maTi moqmedeba warmatebulia (gavixsenoT, rom arsebobs

sakmaod gavrcelebuli cikli TqmulebaTa akrZalvis damrRvevi

monadiris Sesaxeb). mWedeli icavs aRTqmas, monadire – arRvevs. es imas niSnavs, rom jer kidev Warbobs is tendenciebi, romlebic amiranis

mijaWvis pirobebs qmnian.

ras gveubneba xelmocaruli monadiris Tqmuleba? es Tqmuleba Citis epizodTan erTad gveubneba, rom amirans isev da isev fizikuri Zalis

imedi aqvs: is cdilobs fizikuri ZaliT aiSvas Tavi – palo moaryios,

xmali moizidos borkilTa gasakveTad. magram es borkilebi iseTi borkilebia, romlebic xmliT ar gaikveTeba. isini sxva Zalam unda axsnas.

Tqmuleba kidev, da es mTavaria, gveubneba, rom sanam adamiani aseTia,

rogorc is monadire, romelic arRvevs aRTqmas, manam amirani mijaWvuli iqneba. amirani swored imitom aris mijaWvuli, rom kacTa modgma ar aris

srulyofili. amiranis mijaWvuloba adamianTa sisustiT aris

ganpirobebuli. sanam arsebobs SesaZlebloba imisa, rom kacTa modgmaSi irRveodes aRTqma da fici, amiranic mijaWvuli iqneba da is verasodes

daixsnis Tavs borkilebisgan. ras niSnavs es? es imas niSnavs, rom amirani

codvili kacobriobis gansaxierebaa, rom is atarebs kacobriobis

codvebs, Sekrulia am codvebiT. da Tu kacobriobaSi aRmoCndeba erTi

wmida kaci, is erTic sakmarisi iqneba, rom amiransac daudges Tavisuflebis dRe – misi SeTxelebuli borkili sabolood gawydes,

moryeuli paloc sabolood amovardes.

jaWvi, rogorc sagani, sabediswero xdeba amiranisTvis; is ambivalenturia: jaWviT aris is dabmuli da jaWviTve cdilobs

gaTavisuflebas. sxva TqmulebaSi (megrulSi) monadires mwyemsi enacvleba, romelsac jaWvi miaqvs amiranis dasaxsnelad. mwyemss

monadireebi (rac, cota ar iyos, ucnauria) SeSlilad CaTvlian da

amiranisTvis gamzadebuli jaWviT Sekraven. amis Semdeg mwyemsi wyevlis monadireebs. yazbegis kldeze, ambobs Tqmuleba, hkidia es jaWvi, unda

vifiqroT, ara gaTavisuflebis simbolod, aramed imis niSnad, rom es

saSualeba ver gaaTavisuflebs mas. xalxis SefasebiT, Tu amirans gaTavisufleba uweria, unda

gaTavisufldes gardaqmnili amirani da ara iseTi, rogoric miajaWves.

aseTi amiranis aSveba araTu kacobriobis, aramed mTeli bunebis gamanadgurebelic aris. vaJas leqss àmirani~ amgvari SeniSvna axlavs:

`fSavlebis warmodgeniT, rodesac amirani aRdgeba, maSin bunebaSic

areuloba moxdeba~. xalxi, romelmac misi Tqmuleba Seinaxa, imitomac ekideba TanagrZnobiT mijaWvul gmirs, rom igi masSi sakuTar Tavs –

codvaTa sakrvelebiT dabmuls, xedavs da gaTavisuflebas elis. es

monadire xalxis warmomadgenelia . ara mxolod monadirea pasuxismgebeli, aramed TiToeuli Cvengani pirovnulad monawileobs misi

satanjvelis gaxangrZlivebaSi. amiranis sasjeli Cveni sasjelia. xalxis

Tvalsazrisi dasjili amiranis bedze mkafiod Cans erT moxevur TqmulebaSi. rodesac gamarjvebebiT gabudayebulma amiranma qriste

RmerTTanac Sejibreba moindoma, RmerTma is amisTvis myinvarwveris ferdobze miajaWvao. amiT undoda esargebla amiranis dauZinebel mters

gveleSaps, myinvaris wveridan gadmococda da dabmul amirans SeWmas

upirebda. magram misi es ganzraxva wm. giorgis gaugia da swrafad iqve gaCenila. wmindans gveleSapisaTvis TiTis daqneviT uTqvams: `SeCerdi,

amirani codvebis mosananieblad davabi da ara Sen gasaZRomado, mandve

gaqvavdio~. am sityvebiT gveleSapi iqve gaqvavebula [6, 242]. vinc amas ambobs, mas ar gaumetebia amirani samudamo satanjvelisTvis,

jojoxeTisTvis. es gveleSapi jojoxeTs atarebs Tavis TavSi, is modis,

rom sabolood STanTqas amiranis sicocxle. magram amirani unda gadarCes da igi mismave sakuTarma Zalam unda gadaarCinos. Tumca misi

mxsneli Zala ar iqneba fizikuri Zala, aramed Zala sinanulisa, raSic

unda STainTqas misi urCoba da ampartavneba. eposis Semnaxveli xalxic ase fiqrobs. is ar gansjis amirans, mxolod elodeba mis moqcevas. is

TanaugrZnobs mas, mis tanjvas, is ar gansjis, radgan ùkanaskneli sja

mxolod RmerTs ekuTvnis, adamians ki arasodes ar SeuZlia gansajos RvTis qmnileba, rogorc sabolood daRupuli da amitomac unda uyvardes

masSi xsnis potencia~ [19, 48]. amiranSi ki aris xsnis potencia,

SesaZlebloba gaTavisuflebisa sakuTari Zalmomreobisagan.

sasinanulod amirans micemuli aqvs vada. sasinanulo droJami mas ar

warTmevia. es igrZnoba moxeur TqmulebaSi – misi azri saerTo

suliskveTebis gamomxatvelia. xalxis sulma mSobliur landSaftSic ki – mTadqceul gveleSapSi – amoikiTxa, rom cas sabolood ar gauwiravs

adamiani, rom ca mis mxarezea.

àmiraniani~ ar aris dasrulebuli, misi droJami ar amowurula. siuJeturi dro emTxveva realur dros, romelic jer kidev miedineba.

amirani kacobriobis istoriis yovel awmyoSia, is yvela epoqis Tanamedrovea.

* * *

blez paskali (1623-1662) werda, rom adamians ornairi gansacdeli

emuqreba: is SeiZleba Cavardes sasowarkveTilebaSi Tavisi uZlurebis gamo da SeiZleba gaampartavndes sakuTar Tavze gadametebuli

warmodgenis gamo. amirani moicva sasowarkveTilebam uZlevel ambri

arabTan Sexvedrisas da _ hubrisma, roca warmoidgina, rom misi momrevi

amqveynad da arc qveynis gareT aravin iyo. ambri arabis winaSe Tavis uZlurebaSi darwmunebuli, ormoci dRe da ormoci Rame glovobda. misma

naTliam, macxovarma ieso qristem, Seibrala igi da uzomo Zala mianiWa.

magram roca amirans qveyanaze aravin darCa mourevneli, mas daeufla

hubrisi da Tavad macxovari gamoiwvia orTabrZolaSi. gaampartavnebulma

imis damarcxeba moindoma, vinc Zala mianiWa. es iyo udidesi hubrisis gamovlineba, risTvisac amirani kldeze mijaWviT dasaja RmerTma.

SeiZleboda hubrisis gardaqmnili saxe dagvenaxa erT fragmentSi, sadac amirani wmida cxovelis uneblie mkvlelad gvevlineba:

mTas iremi wamogvixta, casa swvdeba rqani misi,

amiranma ro esrola, moido marjvena mxarsao, mivida, bevri itira, ro jvari naxa rqasao [13, 21].

aSkaraa, rom es fragmenti im vrceli baladiseburi teqstis nawilia,

romelic amgvarad iwyeba: `sanadirod wamovidnen amiran da Zmani misni... mTas iremi wamouxtaT, oqro iyo rqani misni, ucxo mTaze koSki naxes,

anagebi brolis qvisi~ da a.S. (ix. VI epizodi). am baladis arc erT

variantSi jvari ar gvxvdeba, arc is Cans, rom es oqrosrqiani iremi raimeTi niSnulia. àmiranma boZali hkra, wiTlad dasWra mxari misi~, da

am qmedebas ar mohyveba tragikuli Sedegi. magram raki mas Tundac erT,

unikalur variantSi, miewereba jvriani irmis mokvla, igi ar unda ugelebelvyoT, unda CavTvaloT amiranis ganwirulebis momaswaveblad am

ZvelTaZveli miTologemis saSualebiT. jer kidev agamemnonia gaxveuli am

miTologemaSi: TqmulebiT, mas mouklavs artemisis wmida Sveli, rac misi tragikuli daRupvis mizezi gamxdara. mogvianebiT igive mizezi

mouswrafebs sicocxles bizantiuri xanis berZen gmirs _ digenis

(òrgzis Sobil~) akritass. misi mokluli irmis rqebs Soris jvari da beWebs Soris yovladwmida RvTismSoblis xati aRmoCnda da manac,

rogorc zemoT moyvanil fragmentSi amiranma, gamoiglova Tavi: `samasi daTvi movkali da samocdaori lomi da, aha, bedisweram wmida irems

Semaxvedra, romelsac rqebSi jvari hqonda, Tavze varskvlavi da beWebze

RvTismSobeli. codvaSi Cavvardi da unda movkvde~ [23, 29-30]. digenisi

iRupeba, rogor tipuri monadire, romelsac nadirobisas Semoakvdeba nadirTpatronis rCeuli pirutyvi. amasTanave, SesaZloa, damatebiT misi

codva daxocili nadiris gadametebul ricxvSic (samasi daTvi da

samocdaori lomi) gamoixata. daismis kiTxva: romel epikur Tu miTologiur personaJebTan avlens

amirani tipologiur naTesaobas im masalis mixedviT, romelic Cvens xelTaa, rogorc igi Cans Cvenamde moRweul TqmulebebSi? elin

promeTesTan? aseTia gavrcelebuli azri, magram Tu masalidan amovalT

da ara winaswar SemuSavebuli azridan, amiransa da promeTes Soris verc fundamentur da verc tipologiur msgavseba-naTesaobas ver vpovebT.

tipologiuradac isini gansxvavebulni arian. aris mxolod erTaderTi

msgavseba maT Soris – mijaWva. orive gmiri mijaWvulia da mijaWvis adgilad orive TqmulebaSi kavkasiis mTebia dasaxelebuli. es ki sakmao

sacdurs iZleva maTi gaigivebisTvis.

vin aris promeTe da vin aris amirani? promeTe uzenaesi RvTaebis, zevsis Taobisaa; maT saerTo papa (uranosi)

da didi deda (gea) hyavT; olimposis mbrZaneblisgan igi arafriT aris

davalebuli, arc damokidebulia masze. Tumca is ar ekuTvnis olimposze dabrZanebul RvTaebriv elitas, romelic ganagebs samyaros.

amirani Tumca saswaulebriv aris Sobili, mainc adamiania, adamianTa

samyaros ekuTvnis. igi rom qriste RmerTis naTlulia da misgan ZalamoniWebuli, swored imas mowmobs, rom is ierarqiulad dabla

mdgomia. promeTe Semqmnelia adamianTa modgmisa, romelsac amiranic

ekuTvnis eladis sxva gmirebTan erTad (herakle, Tesevsi, persevsi da sxvani mravalni). promeTes sazrunavi adamianebia (adamianebi mas abaria),

amiranisa _ sakuTari Tavi, masze zrunavs ufali qriste. promeTes Zalis, RvTaebrivi unarebis wyaro Tavadvea, amiranis

Zlierebis wyaro ufalia.

promeTe da amirani kacobriobis ganviTarebis gansxvavebul safexurebs ekuTvnian. promeTes iaraRi aris Wkua, gamWriaxoba, moxerxeba; amirani ki

moqmedebs mxolod fizikuri ZaliT, rac migvaniSnebs, rom igi sxva, ufro

Zveli formaciis kacobriobas ekuTvnis. promeTes formacia meoreulia, igi axali kacobriobis warmomadgenelia. promeTe iseve upirispirdeba

amirans, rogorc mravalnacadi odisevsi fexmard aqilevss an omSi myivar

menelaoss, romelTa epiTetebi fizikur Zalaze miuTiTebs. pirvelTa rigSia marko kraleviCi, romelic gansacdelis (ufalTan gancdili

marcxis) Semdeg gadadis promeTe-odisevsis formaciaSi.

gansxvavebulia maTi dasjis motivebic. promeTe isjeba: 1) kacTaTvis cecxlis motanisaTvis anu cecxlis saidumlos gaTqmisaTvis, kacTa

modgmis mimarT gadametebuli zrunvis gamo, 2) zevsis sabediswero

saidumlos argamxelisaTvis (rom zevss misi da Tetisis naSieri Camoagdebs taxtidan), 3) aTenas motacebis mcdelobisaTvis.

amirani isjeba: 1) ufalTan gatolebis mcdelobisaTvis, 2) ficis

samgzisi gatexisaTvis (svanuri versiiT), da aramc da aramc cecxlis (an

yamaris) motacebisaTvis. arc erTi varianti ar laparakobs cecxlis

motacebaze da mis miwaze Camotanaze amiranis an mis ZmaTa xeliT. Tu

cecxlzea sadme laparaki, es exeba cecxlis moZebnas, ara – motacebas. ar aris damajerebeli yamarisa da cecxlis igiveobis argumentebi: `promeTes

oreuli amirani RrubelT ufals _ pirimzes qaliSvils, mzeTunaxavs

mostacebs da colad SeirTavs. am SemTxvevaSi cecxli mzeTunaxaviTaa Secvlili. asea gaformebuli amiranianSi es motivi misi ganviTarebis

umaRles safexurze~ [15, 235]. aRvniSnav, rom motacebul mzeTunaxavs amirani colad ar irTavs. romc irTavdes da igi cecxlis gamoxatuleba

iyos, es aqti mainc ar CaiTvleboda promeTeseul kulturul qmedebad.

yamari, rogorc cecxli, motacebis Semdeg aRarsad Cans. Tuki moitaces, xalxisTvis unda yofiliyo motacebuli.

mijaWva mxolod saSualebaa dasjisa, romliTac sxvadasxva

danaSaulisaTvis isjebian. mTavari ki aris ara `riTi isjeba~, aramed `risTvis isjeba~. Tu meore kriteriumiT davuwyebT Zebnas amiranis

oreulebs, pirvel rigSi, Tvalwin warmogvidgeba iseTi personaJebi

gansxvavebuli sagmiro-miTologiuri tradiciebidan, rogorebic arian osuri narTebis baTraZi, somxuri eposis mheri da samxreTeli slavebis

marko kraleviCi, afxazuri tradiciis abrskili da megrulis aramxutu.

devebTan mebrZoli baTraZi, romelic ciuri mWedlis qurdalagonis mier aris gamowrTobili, Tavis Zalas Zuarebis (jvarTa) da vacilebis (wm.

eliebis) winaaRmdeg mimarTavs. misi gabudayebis kulminacia RmerTTan

Serkinebaa, sadac uZleveli baTraZi marcxdeba: dedamiwis simZimis gudas ki aswevs, magram oqros Zafis gorgalis awevas veRar SeZlebs, ris

Semdegac igi aRiarebs, rom arsebobs misi mjobi.

asparezoba mxolod marcxiT ar mTavrdeba – RmerTi mzis mxurvalebiT acamtverebs mas. baTraZis Tqmuleba ar icnobs mijaWvas [8, 270-272].

aseve mijaWvis gareSe mTavrdeba markos marcxi. marko, dainaxavs ra, rom misi momrevi amqveynad aravinaa, ufals gamoiwvevs orTabrZolaSi. ufali

Camodis dedamiwaze, moxucis saxiT gamoecxadeba da dedamiwis wona gudas

daugdebs gzajvaredinze. marko ver aswevs, Tumca mTel Tavis Zalas mas daaxarjavs. bolos ufali gaumJRavnebs Tavs, marko inanebs, rom ufali

orTabrZolaSi gamoiwvia. uflis nebiT, marko kvlav uZlevel Wabukad

darCeba, oRond amieridan orTabrZolaSi Zalis nacvlad xerxsa da eSmakobas gamoiyenebs [29, 207-8]. aramxutus Tqmuleba, gansxvavebiT

àmiranianisgan~, mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli konkretul eTniur

garemosTan (sof. jvari, cimintiebi, qardavebi, ServaSiZe, visTanac mas urTierToba aqvs). igi Tavidanve moZaladea da RmerTsac eurCeba. wm.

giorgi mas, rogorc araqristians(!), verafers aklebs, RmerTi ki sjis: Zafs

Semoaqselavs tanze, jaWvad uqcevs da paloze daabams. aramxutusac Citi uSlis palos amoZrobas [14, 385]. arsebobs gayofiTebuli variantebi, sadac

aramxutus tyviiT(!) klavs cimintia, Tavs moaWris da jgeges miarTmevs

sofel jvarSi [14, 386]. aseve eTnizebulia, da ufro Zlieradac, abrskilis afxazuri Tqmuleba:

is ebrZvis samSoblos (afxazeTis) mtrebs (eWvi ar aris, rom es motivi

gviandeli warmoSobisaa). mis biografiaSi ZiriTadi gmiroba devis

mokvlaa. gaampartavnebul-gabudayebuli abrskili RmerTs etoleba –

arafris didebiT ar uxris mas qeds. Tavs arasodes xris, RmerTs ar

egonos, Tayvans mcemso. Tqmuleba orTabrZolas ar icnobs. RmerTi sjis mas: jaWviT Seborkils Wlous gamoqvabulSi (oCamCiris maxloblad)

rkinis boZze miabmevinebs. aqac vxvdebiT gaTavisuflebis amao mcdelobas

or variantad: 1) Citis mizeziT misi palo kidev ufro Rrmad iWedeba kldeSi; 2) afxazebi – aCbebi Tu cacbebi – miagneben abrskilis

gamoqvabuls, magram imedgacruebulni ukanve dabrundebian [3, 344-9; 9, 387-9].

adiReelTa narTebis meTaurma (Txamadam) nasiren-JaCem ganizraxa RmerTis

(Txas) meufebis damxoba. adis oSxamaxoze (ialbuzze), RmerTebis mTaze da

ebrZvis RvTaeba pakos, rom daibrunos warTmeuli cecxli. pako miajaWvavs

nasirens oSxamaxos wverze. SevniSnavT, rom adiReuri simRera-moTqma

mijaWvul nasirenze `wvrilmanebSic~ ki imeorebs amiranis dramas. mogvyavs es simRera:

ò uy-uiy, narTo nasiren! uiy, uiy nasiren-JaCe! muxanaTuria Seni qcevani, RvTis sityvas da saqmes Sen pativs ar scem. o, RvTisagan SeCvenebulo, o,

vinc mTaze aiyvanes, o, vinc mTaze miajaWves! Sens zemoT arwivia, gverdiT

Seni ZaRli giwevs! aryevs grialiT svets, Citi mofrindeba xolme, svetze jdeba. Sen brazdebi, ehei, yviri, qvas esvri, svets xvdeba, sveti ufro Rrmad

erWoba. Sens gverdiT ZaRli wevs, jaWvs RrRnis, Zafis sisqes xdis. roca

galokavs, mWedlebi samWedloSi sisxam diliT grdemlze uros scemen, jaWvi kvlav mTliandeba, rogorc iyo... vidre Cven ar agxsniT, RmerTi

gakavebdes mand dasaRupavad~ [27, 273-4].

gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs amiranis bedTan tipologiuri an, SesaZloa, geneturi msgavseba-siaxloviT somexTa mheri umrwemesi,

sasunelTa modgmis ukanaskneli gmiri. misi bavSvoba iseTive boboqaria,

rogorc amiranisa, xolo gabudayebis zRurblze dedamiwas aRar surs misi atana (siarulisas fexebi miwaSi efloba), anu is dawyevlilia

miwisagan. misi bolo kldis gamoqvabulia, rasac mhers misi ded-mama

uwinaswarmetyvelebs, roca igi maT saflavebs CasZaxebs SemweobisTvis da mheric miadgeba kldes, magram manamde is orTabrZolaSi iwvevs RmerTs

(àn Semerkine, an waiRe Cemi suli~), romelic mas Svid angelozs

SeabrZolebs. magram amaoa mheris cda: misi elva-xmali verafers aklebs uxorcoT. damarcxebulma mherma sakuTari maxviliT gaapo klde, romlis

wiaRSi `samudamod~ unda datyvevebuliyo. klde weliwadSi orjer ixsneba _ vardavarisa da amaRlebis dResaswaulebze. mheri gamodis gareT, magram

kvlavindeburad miwas ar surs misi zidva, is cxenianad efloba miwaSi.

kldis erT-erTi gaxsnisas Semodis mwyemsi da mis kiTxvaze, rodis gamoxval aqedano, mheri aZlevs sagulisxmo pasuxs: `Tu axla avdeqi da

gamovedi, ver amitans me miwa. sanam es wuTisofeli borotebiT aris savse,

sanam aseTi crua miwa, me ar mecxovreba qveyanaze. roca daemxoba es sofeli da kvlav aSendeba, roca xorblis marcvali kaklisodena

gaxdeba, roca askilis nayofiviT gaxdeba xorblis marcvali, ai, maSin

dadgeba Cemi dRe da im dRes gamoval aqedan~ [22, 340-341]. rogorc vxedavT, mheris gaTavisufleba iseve, rogorc amiranisa, esqatologiur

perspeqtivasTan, qveynis feriscvalebasTan aris dakavSirebuli. mheris

RmerTmebrZoli neba motexilia, igi, SeiZleba iTqvas, kaTarzisis procesSi

imyofeba da elis saboloo, esqatologiur Jams. ganwmedil-ganaxlebuli

mheri da àxali ca da axali miwa~ Seegebeba erTmaneTs.yvela am TqmulebaSi gamoxatulia tragedia adamianisa, romelic ver

egueba adamianur dasazRvrulobas da cdilobs gascdes kacobriv

sazRvars, gautoldes RmerTs, risTvisac isjeba. erTaderTi marko ar isjeba. mas miemadleba sxvarigi Zala – igi, SeiZleba iTqvas, am marcxiani

orTabrZolidan axal adamianad ibadeba. marko rwmundeba fizikuri Zalis umweobaSi, roca absolutur Zalas Seejaxeba. orTabrZola misi

gakveTili iyo. amiranisTvisac gakveTilia es sabediswero Serkineba Tavis

naTliasTan, isic unda darwmundes, rom adamianSi moqceuli Zala uflis winaSe araraobaa. is, rac markos pirovnebaSi moxda, aris gardaqmna –

metanoia, TvalTaxedvis Secvla, igive sinanuli, rasac RmerTi elis

mijaWvuli amiranisagan. promeTe ki arc adamiania da, amis gamo, arc sinanulis gancda aqvs, arc

zevsi moelis misgan sinanuls. amiranis tragedia gacilebiT Rrmaa, vidre

promeTesi, romlis bedi zevsis kaprizze Tu TviTnebobazea damokidebuli. amave dros promeTe ukve gamoxsnilia, magram is ixsna gareSe Zalam da

ara Sinaganma mzadyofnam xsnisaTvis. Tumca Sinaganis problema arc dgas

mis winaSe. es adamianis problemaa, promeTe ki adamiani ar aris. dasasrul, momyavs h.-g. gadameris lakoniuri daskvnebi, romlebiTac man

daasrula Tavisi narkvevi promeTeze:

àse iqceva promeTe simbolod kacobriobis TviTtanjvisa sakuTari sindisiT, cnobierebis tragediis simbolod~. da kidev: `masSi kacobrioba,

visTvisac is itanjeba, Wvrets sakuTar Tavs~. da bolos: `me meCveneba, rom

promeTes istoria iseve daumTavrebelia, rogorc Tavad adamianis istoria~ [21, 255].

me meCveneba, rom es sityvebi ufro amiranis egzistencialur mdgomareobas gamoxatavs, vidre promeTesas. istoriaSi promeTes drama

dasrulebulia, is herakles gamomsyidvelma aqtma gaauqma, amiranisa ki

dRemde grZeldeba `mijaWvul~ Tu gamoqvabulSi gamomwyvdeul (gavixsenoT platonis miTosi gamoqvabulze) kacTa modgmasTan erTad.

* * * amiranis saxis aratradiciuli interpretaciebi

roca mijaWvis mizezs (gabudayebas, hubriss) meoreulad Tvlian da

qristesmier naTlobas Canamatad miiCneven, es niSnavs ukve sxva eposze laparaks da ara im àmiranianze~, romelic xalxur tradiciaSi arsebobs.

sxva saxis eposi, gareSe imisa, rac folklorul CanawerebSia Semonaxuli,

rogoric gamovida xalxis piridan, ar arsebobs. rodis Seiqmna mijaWvuli an, saerTod, dasjili gmiris miTosi, es istoriuli problemaa, rac amJamad

Cveni interesis sagans ar Seadgens. CvenTvis mTavaria imis aRniSvna, rom

Tqmulebam amiranze, romelic adreul epoqaSi aSkarad sxva saxels atarebda, qristianuli epoqis gamovliT ideologiuri gardaqmna ganicada.

aRmosavleTi icnobs mijaWvis miTologemas. mis yvelaze adreul dadasturebas iranul miTosSi vxvdebiT, romlis gamoZaxilia `qarTlis

cxovrebaSi~ romeliRac teqstidan moxvedrili, rogorc Cans, SairiT

gawyobili orstriqonedi (pavle ingoroyvas aRdgeniT):

`romelman Sekra jaWviTa bevrasf, guelTa ufali,

da daaba mTasa [mas] zeda, romel ars kacT Seuvali~ [11, 13].romelmac daaba, es feridunia anu avestis Traetaona, xolo bevrasfi,

vinc man daaba, igive aJi-dahakaa (`Sah-names~ zahaq, misi qarTuli versiebis

zaaqi), gveladqceuli mefe, romelmac ufliswulobisas arimanis SegonebiT

mokla mama, raTa mis nacvlad gamefebuliyo. cxadia, bevrasfi mamis winaaRmdeg janyisTvis isjeba. somxuri tradiciiT, bevrasfi isjeba ara

mijaWviT, aramed mTis maxloblad sikvdiliT da gogirdis ormoSi CagdebiT [17, 99].

amrigad, mTavaria: risTvis isjeba gmiri. amiranis Taobaze xalxis

pasuxi erTmniSvnelovania: naTliasTan SeWidebisTvis, rasac sxvas verafers ver davarqmevT, Tu ara janys uzenaesis winaaRmdeg, gabudayebas,

romelic gardauvlad imsaxurebs sasjels. arc erTi Canaweri (varianti)

am epizodisa ar amarTlebs amiranis saqciels, ar laparakobs aRSfoTebiT, rom sasjeli daumsaxurebelia, rom dasjili gmiri ubraloa.

adgili ar rCeba aRSfoTebas, magram aris gulistkivili, TanagrZnoba,

survili imisa, rom mijaWvuli gaTavisufldes. aris aSkara, SeiZleba iTqvas, zepirovnuli, Tundac koleqtiuri (nu gaveqceviT am sityvas)

TanagrZnoba amiranis bedisadmi, rac gamoricxulia bevrasfisa da misi

rigis arsebaTa mimarT, romlebic xorcSesxmul borotebas warmoadgenen, da, miuxedavad am gulSematkivrobisa, ar Cans odnavi miniSnebac ki, rom

amiranis sasjeli daumsaxurebelia.

amiranis pirovnebaze sapirispiro warmodgenis (anu adamianTa TvalsazrisiT, sruli udanaSaulobis) mizezi amiranisa da promeTes, erTi

SexedviT, kanonzomier gaigivebaSi mdgomareobs, rasac safuZveli jer

kidev XIX saukuneSi Caeyara. promeTeze Seqmnilia miTosi, rogorc TavisuflebisTvis mebrZolze an pirvel mowameze kacobriobis

istoriaSi, rogorc marqsma warmoidgina. ufro metic SeiZleba iTqvas hipoTezis saxiT: usamarTlod dasjil, kacobriobis keTilismyofel

gmirad esqilem aqcia. Zvelma miTosma ukeT icoda iseve, rogorc zevsma, ra

`sikeTis~ momtani unda yofiliyo kacTa modgmisTvis motacebuli cecxli (an ra iyo Zveli miTosis cecxli?).

CvenSi amiranis totalur gamarTlebas safuZveli daedo 1883 wels,

roca akaki wereTelma genialur `Tornike erisTavSi~ CarTul, SeiZleba iTqvas, esqatologiur simReraSi promeTes siuJeti amiranze gadaitana da,

sabolood, mijaWvuli gmiri tanjul qveyanasTan gaaigiva. ai, es simRerac:

kavkasiis qedze iyo amirani mijaWvuli,

yvav-yornebi exveoda,

dafleTili hqonda guli.

qveynad cecxlis motanisTvis guls cecxli ar neldeboda

da raRaca manqanebiT

guli isev mrTeldeboda.

hqonda WirSi moTmineba,

arc kvnesoda, arc oxvrida;

usamarTlo Zlierebas monurad qeds ar uxrida. bolos mainc gamarjveba darCa!.. yvela gaaoca!.. da is Rvawli magaliTad

miwis SvilTa man gadmosca... kavkasiis maRal qedze

mijaWvuli amirani

aris mTeli saqarTvelo da mtrebi ki – yvav-yorani.

mova dro da Tavs aiSvebs,

im jaWvs gawyvets gmirTagmiri!.. sixarulad Seecvleba

imdeni xnis gasaWiri!~ am simReris amirans araferi aqvs saerTo

xalxur TqmulebaTa amiranTan. isini ar icnoben amgvar amirans. magram amgvarma amiranma SesaniSnavad aRasrula is misia, romelic mas poetma

daakisra. amirani tanjuli saqarTvelos metafora Seiqna. amisaTvis misi sasjelis namdvili mizezi unda miCqmaluliyo da mas promeTes mijaWvis

motivi _ `qveynad cecxlis motana~ Canacvleboda. warmoudgenelia, rom

poets RvTis mojanye amirani Cagruli saqarTvelos simbolod gamoecxadebina. amieridan qarTuli mwerloba da erovnuli ideologia

mxolod aseT – simarTlisaTvis mebrZol da qeduxrel, usamarTlod

dasjil – amirans icnobs. Tu CavukvirdebiT gamarjvebul qarTvel mxedarTa am simReras, Zneli ar iqneba masSi mesianuri suliskveTebis

amocnoba: Tu amirani kacobriobisTvis cecxlis motanis gamo isjeba,

saqarTvelosac unda hqonoda raRac sakacobrio Rvawli aRsrulebuli, risTvisac daisaja (ase swams poets?). da rogorc promeTem Tavisi

gamarjvebiT `yvela gaaoca~, aseTive iqneba saqarTvelos momavali. amgvar

mesianur mniSvnelobas iZenen gviandeli komentatorebis TvalSi sasuneli, mheri da gansakuTrebiT arTavazdi, romelic qajebma Tu devebma

kldeSi gamoamwyvdies. XIX saukunis `mecnierul-patriotulma~

publicistikam kldis siRrmidan maTi gaTavisuflebis miTosuri perspeqtiva somexi xalxis xsnis imeds daukavSira [22, 251; 26, 106]. magram

aris fundamenturi gansxvaveba qarTuli da somxuri miTosis gmirebsa da

elinuri panTeonis titans Soris. mheri, arTavazdi, amirani TavianT miTosebSi, e.w. siuJetur droSi, kvlav mijaWvul-datyvevebulni rCebian, ar

gaTavisuflebulan. maTi tyveoba kacobriobis mTels istorias gasdevs. [ucnauria, magram faqtia, rom samoqalaqo-patriotuli poeziis gmiri,

Tavis wyaros sruliad mowyvetili hipoTeturi amirani samecniero

kvlevis obieqtic ki Seiqna]. amiranul poeziaSi gverdi aqvs avlili amiranis mijaWvis namdvil

mizezs. TiTqos `rac ufro gasaidumloebulia mizezi, miT ufro mZafrad

aRiqmeba gmiris yofis tragizmic da aseve mZafri xdeba misi

gaTavisuflebis molodinic~ [16, 22-3]. akakis Semdeg vaJa pirveli iyo,

romelmac, akakis gavleniT, simRerebis mTeli cikli miuZRvna mijaWvul

gmirs, magram igic gaurbis mijaWvis namdvili an, saerTod, raime konkretuli mizezis xsenebas. vaJas pirvelive TariRiani (1984 w., amave

wels gamoqveynda `Tornike erisTavi~) leqsis saTauria àmirani~. aq

amirani dasaxulia dev-eSmakebis gamJletad. is usamarTlod aris dasjili, magram ra mizeziT? amaze arafers ambobs poeti. finia lokavs

jaWvs, misi Sesusteba undaT, magram mWedlebi grdemlze kvers arakuneben

da jaWvi isev mrTeldeba. mWedlebi dasaxulni arian, rogorc `bilwi~, `gulqva~. magram ratom an risTvis miajaWves maT devebis gamJleti gmiri?

simRera tendenciurad dums amis Taobaze. yuradReba gadatanilia mis

ganTavisuflebaze:

rodis aRdgeba amiran,

jaWv-abjriT Semosilio,

Camosdnobodes yinuli da ucinodes pirio.

Semodis axali motivi, TavisTavad mniSvnelovani, magram is ucxoa

xalxuri TqmulebisaTvis. aq ibadeba amiranis warmodgena gazafxulis RvTaebad Tu sulad, romelic zamTris yinuliT aris SeboWili. misi

tragedia bunebis dramad aris gardaqmnili, rkinis jaWvebi – yinulis

borkilebad.

tanze ahsxmia yinuli

da xavsi Savi feriso.

sxva simReraSi `gazafxuli~ (1988 w.) amiranis brZola devebTan

asimboliurebs amiranis brZolas zamTarTan, zamTris ZalebTan. miwis

duSmani yinvaa, aragvi amiranis gansaxiereba, romelic misi laxtiT ibrZvis.

aragvma laxti aiRo

amiranisa ra xani... devebi dafrTxnen, gaiqcnen,

gadmouyares abjari.

kidev erT simReraSi, romelic aseve `gazafxuliT~ aris dasaTaurebuli (1898 w.), gazafxulis gamarjvebisa da zeimis (qorwilis) mTavari gmiri

amirania. is bunebasTan erTad Tavisufldeba da, amave dros, misi

gamomxsnelic aris yinulis borkilebidan. is TiTqos qvesknelidan aris aRmdgari, rogorc gazafxulis suli.

amdgara amiranica,

kldeSi dabmuli jaWviTa. daubRujia xmlis vada

mouRalavis majiTa,

kvlav sTelavs dedamiwasa Tval-gauwvdenis lajiTa; sisxls iZevs, vinac tyveobis gmiri awama baJiTa.

vin miajaWva, vin awama gmiri? devebma da zamTris borotma Zalebma. am

leqsis Tanaxmad, namdvilad maT da aramc da aramc RmerTma, romelic

vaJas SegnebaSi ar SeiZleba usamarTlo iyos, ise rom adamians mouvides azrad SurisZieba mis mimarT. vaJas warmosaxvaSi amirani yovel

gazafxulze Tavisufldeba da `kvlav sTelavs dedamiwasa~, anu agrZelebs

Tavis agresiulobas, ramac is ukidures gabudayebamde miiyvana. xalxi ki fiqrobs, rom Tu amirani iseTi gaTavisuflda, rogoric miajaWves, anu Tu

SeinarCuna is hubrisi, risTvisac iqna mijaWvuli, sikeTes ar moutans kacTa

modgmas. mogviano prozaul TxzulebaSi àmiranis xmali~ (1902 w.) amirani ukve

namdvilad datyvevebuli, tanjuli samSoblos metaforaa, devebi ki _ misi

mtrebisa. aqedan _ naxtomi istoriul sinamdvileSi. `mtrebma amirani rom Seipyres, SeboWes da dids mRvimeSi didis jaWviT

daabes: `nu xar kerpi, urCi, gautexelio~. amirani imediT aris savse, is

sasikeTo niSnebs xedavs Tavis xmalze: kargi niSnebi Cndeba, TinaTin, RmerTi mowyalea... gveSveleba, usaTuod gveSveleba... ager Cemma xmalma

feri moiwminda...~ am da kidev sxva teqstebis meSveobiT amirani samudamod

damkvidrda qarTvelobis SegnebaSi, rogorc gmiri, romelic isjeba urCobisTvis, gautexlobisTvis. vin sjis mas – amirans da misi niRbis ukan

qveyanas, samSoblos, am TvisebaTa gamovlinebisTvis? erTxel kidev vsvamT

am kiTxvas. magram Znelia, gaices raime damajerebeli pasuxi am kiTxvaze. Tavad es Tvisebebi zneobriv planSi gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobebis

Semcvelia. Tu gareSe mtris mimarT urCoba da gautexloba dadebiTi Rirebulebebia, rogorc Tavisuflebisken swrafvis gamomxatvelni, RvTis

mimarT – damRupveli hubrisia, romelic gardauval sasjels imsaxurebs.

da kvlav vsvamT kiTxvas: rodis SeiZleba vuwodoT mters damsjeli? da

vpasuxobT: maSin, roca is iaraRia RvTis xelSi. es viciT Cven `JamTaaRmwerelis~ droidan moyolebuli. Tu es asea, dasasruls, gakvriT

SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom amiranis saxis amgvari gadaazreba unda

ganvixiloT, rogorc RvTis urCi da meamboxe personaJebis reabilitaciis kerZo SemTxveva. es procesi daiwyo gacilebiT adre, gnostikosTa, kerZod,

kaenitTa da ofitTa wreSi, sadac adamis Semacdeneli gveli da Zmis

mkvleli da RvTis mojanye kaeni WeSmariti RmerTis mociqulebad Seiracxa; xolo mogvianebiT is wamoiwyo jon miltonma `dakargul

samoTxeSi~, sadac meamboxe da Semdeg dacemuli angelozi simpaTiuri saxiT warmoadgina, da ganagrZo jorj baironma, romelmac imave meamboxes

da dacemuls _ lucifers moxsna yovelgvari braldeba, xolo kaeni

kacobriobis istoriaSi TavisuflebisTvis pirvel mebrZolad miiCnia. maT kvals gahyva lermontovi Tavisi tragikuli demoniT.

P.S. dabolos, amiranis saxis da misi interpretaciis istoriidan

bunebaSi da bunebidan istoriaSi moZraobis, misi perioduli

transformaciis, misi sazrisis saxecvlilebis (mis sabolood dakargvamde) igavurad naTelsayofad moviyvan franc kafkas igavs

promeTeze misi `parabolebidan~:

`promeTeze oTxi Tqmuleba arsebobs: erTis mixedviT, man adamianebis gulisaTvis RmerTebs uRalata, RmerTebma ki sasjelad kavkasions

miajaWves da arwivebi miusies gul-RviZlis sakortnad, magram gul-RviZli

isev da isev umrTeldeboda.

meore TqmulebaSi niskartebiT daZiZgnili, gawamebuli promeTe ise ekvroda kldes, rom bolos kidevac Seezarda.

mesamis mixedviT, aTaswleulTa manZilze es ambavi daviwyebas mieca.

misi Ralati daiviwyes RmerTebma da arwivebma, Tavad masac daaviwyda yvelaferi.

meoTxis mixedviT, yovelive uazrobad iqca da am uazrobam yvela moqanca. daiqancnen RmerTebi, daiqancnen arwivebi, Wrilobac ki gabezrda

da Sexorcda.

darCa gaugebari klde. Tqmuleba cdilobs, gaugebari axsnas. vinaidan am Tqmulebas safuZvlad WeSmariteba udevs, igi gaugebradve unda darCes~.

damowmebuli literatura

1. arjevaniZe e., anotirebuli bibliografia CMOMПK-Si gamoqveynebuli qarTuli xalxuri sityvierebis masalisa, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1971.

2. gilgameSiani, Zveli Suamdinaruli eposi, `ganaTleba~, Tb., 1984.

3. zuxba s., afxazuri zepirsityviereba, Tsu, Tb., 1988.

4. kaiSauri l., mTiuluri teqstebi, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1978.

5. kiknaZe z., qarTuli miTologia I, jvari da saymo, quTaisi, 1996. 5-a. kiknaZe z., Suamdinaruli miTologia, `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1979.

6. makalaTia s., xevi, tf., 1934. 7. megruli zRaprebi da miTebi, `merani~, Tb., 1994.

8. narTebi, osuridan Targmna meri cxovrebovma, ìrisToni~, cxinvali, 1988.

9. propi vl., zRapris morfologia, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1984.

10. rexviaSvili n., qarTuli xalxuri metalurgia, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1964. 11. svanuri poezia I, Tb., 1935.

12. qarTlis cxovreba I, Tb., 1955.

13. Ciqovani m., amiranis Tqmulebis poeturi Canawerebi, epikuri Janrebi, qarTuli

folklori X, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1981.

14. Ciqovani m., mijaWvuli amirani, `Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba~,

Tb., 1947.

15. Ciqovani m., qarTuli eposi I, mijaWvuli amirani, `saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba~, Tb., 1959.

16. CxeiZe r., amiranis Tqmuleba, Tb., `nakaduli~, 1991.

17. xorenaci movses, somxeTis istoria, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1984.

18. jvar-xatTa sadideblebi, Tsu folkloristikis kaTedris Sromebi 2, Tb., 1998.

19. Бердяев Н., Эрос и личность, Изд. “Прометей”, М., 1989.20. Гадамер Г.-Г., О круге понимания, Актуальность прекрасного, “Искусство”, М., 1991.21. Гадамер Г.-Г., Прометей и трагедия культуры, Актуальность прекрасного,

“Искусство”, М., 1991.22. “Давид Сасунский”. Армянский народный Эпос, “Советский писатель”, Ленинград,

1982.

23. Дестунис Г., Разыскания о греческих богатырских былинах средневекового периода, СПб, 1883.

24. Лосев А. Ф., Проблема символа и реалистическое искусство, “Искусство”, М., 1976.25. Мейендорф Иоанн, прот., Православие в современном мире, New York, 1981.26. Мифы народов мира, т. I, “Советская Энциклопедия”, М., 1980.27. Нарты, Адыгейский народный эпос, “Наука”, 1974.28. Неклюдов С. Ю. Героическое детство, Историко-филологические исследования,

М., 1984.29. Песни южных славян, “Художественная литература”, М., 1976.29-a. Пропп Вл., Исторические корни волшебной сказки, “Лабиринт”, М., 2000. 30. Campbell J., The Hero with a Thousand Faces, Bollingen Series XVII, Princeton

University Press, 1973. 31. Charachidzé G., Prométhée ou le Caucase, Essai de mythologie contrastive, Flamarion,

1986. 31-a. Eliade M., Patterns in Comparative Religion, New American Library, New York, 1974. 32. Eliade M., Rites and Symbols of Initiation, The Mystery of Birth and Rebirth, Harper

Torchbooks, New York, 1965. 33. Gennep Arnold, van, Les rites de passage, Paris, 1909. 34. Raglan L., The Hero of Tradition, The Study of Folklore, ed. Dundes A., University of

California and Berkley, 1965. 35. Tuite K., Achilles and Caucasus, The Journal of Indo-European Studies, vol. 26, N 3-4,

1998.

teqstebi*

STanTqma-amonTxeva

I

gauZRva Sikriki Zmebs da gaiyvana erTs trials mindorzed. gaixeda

amiranma da dainaxa, rom is samni Wiani, baybay-devis Tavebidan rom amococdnen, veSapebad qceuliyvnen. erTi TeTri iyo, erTi – wiTeli da

erTic – Savi. mindorSi midian da miimRerian:

mindorSi samni Wiani midian miimRerian,

Tvals ucems darejanisZes, magaTTan omi mwadian.

amiranma uTxra Zmebs: aba, Zmebo, meti Rone aRar aris, unda mag veSapebs SevebneTo. TeTri badrs, wiTeli usips, Savi Cemd ginebebiaT. TeTric Sena

da wiTelic, Savic Sen nagonaria, upasuxa usipma, aki giTxar, inanebo, Seni

gafuWebuli saqme Senve gaakeTe. Seni gamrudebuli gza Sen gaasworeo. _ hai, usipo, usipo! uTxra amiranma:

usipo, Cemi simuxTle sulmudam gulSi gdebia,

tvini, sadebi TavSia, CabalaxSia gdebia.

maS Sen mainc momeSvele, badrovo, uTxra badrs amiranma, magram badrmac

uari uTxra. maSin amiranma uTxra badrs:

ara hyofilxar, Zmav badro, feri arqati gqonia.

* mogvyavs mxolod ZiriTadi, sakuTriv amiraniseuli epizodebi: STanTqma-amonTxeva da gabudayeba-orTabrZola-mijaWva, gaTavisuflebis mcdeloba.

daje da hkere tyavebi, sxva xeli ara gqonia!

kidev uTxra usips, momeSveleniTo, magram usipma uari sTqva: Senisa

colis gulisTvis sul Zmebi davilieniT! maSin amirani Tavis abjars miubrunda da uTxra: Cemo xmalo da abjaro, saZaled momeSveleniT! da

dauwyo sastiki omi gveleSapebs. mohkla TeTric, mohkla wiTelic.

TeTri mohkla da wiTeli, Savsa Seeba maSvrali.

gaixeda amiranma da dainaxa, rom badri da usipi wasulan da gadadian

mTaze, dauZaxa:

romeli mixval ma mTasa, romeli mohkec ma gzasa?

gadadi da dauZaxe badrsa, usipsa Cems Zmasa:

TeTric movkal da wiTelic, nuRar gadivliT ma mTasa.

dabrundiTo. Seeba Savs gveleSaps daRaluli da damaSvrali.

Savma aiRo, Caylapa, Savi zRvisaken gaswia.

Caylapa Savma da gaswia Tavis dedisaken. raki dainaxes Zmebma, amirans uWirso, maSinve gaiqcnen amiranis saSvelad. daewivnen qarcecxls, esrola

usipma isari da cxra adli kudi moswyvita gveleSaps. qarcecxls ise

mowyvetili kudi ar stkioda, rogorc Caylapuri amirani atkiebda mucels. darejanisZe hglejda gul-mucels da iklakneboda qarcecxlic

saSinlad. qarcecxls erTi rkinis boZi hqonda, rom vinme Caeylapa,

movidoda, Semoexvevoda im boZs gars, daamtvrevda da moinelebda. exlac amiranis damtvreva undoda, Semoexvia boZs, magram kudi pirs aRar

moswvda, radgan usipma moawyvita. mivida dedasTan qarcecxli da

SesCivla: muceli mgvrems, cecxli mekidebao. vaime, Svilo, Tu darjanianTi vinme Cahylape, imaT kacs Sen ver mainelebo. ra kaci iyo, ra feri hqondao?

saceriviT Tvalebi hqonda da erTi oqros kbili edgao. amirani yofila,

Svilo, darejanisZe.

amirans jibeSi almasis dana edva, magram ar moagonda. bolod usipma

uTxra badrs: Zmao, CasZaxe, Seni xma mSvenieria, dana moagoneo.

Cadi, badro da CasZaxe, xma Seni mSvenieria.

maudis darejanisZeT jibes Cadeba danisa,

amoReba da gamoWra mag Savis gveleSapisa.

marTlac, moagonda amirans dana, amoiRo, gamosWra qarcecxlis muceli

da gamovida, magram wveri da Tma ki gascvivniyo. usipma Sehxeda

gaqosavebuls amirans, gaecina da dascina:

amirani daibada, goWsa hgvanda xuxalasa,

wver-ulvaSi gascvevnoda, Caeyara tomarasa.

[14, 316-317, fSavi, kaxeTi]

II

...eg devi rom mokla, isev wavidnen sanadiroT. kidev mividnen erT

udabur adgilas da sami veSapi naxes: Savi, wiTeli da TeTri. amiranma

uTxra biZebs, rom samivem gaviyoTo da vibrZoloTo. maT uari uTxres da amirani or veSaps Seeba. TeTric mokla, wiTelic, Sav gveleSaps ki

moRalulma veraferi ver uqna. veSapma gadaylapa amirani Tavis iaraRiTve.

maSin usufma dauZaxa:

darejanianT ician jibeSi danis debao,

amoiRe da da gamosWer, gamodi garedganao.

amiranma marTlac gamoyo Tavi gverdidan, gamosWra da gamovida gareT. gveleSapi mokla. amirans sul-wverulvaSi gascvenoda. usufma kidev

uTxra maSina:

amirani daibada, gavda qosa quxalasa, wverulvaSi moparsvoda, Calagoda tomarasa. [9, 334, raWa]

sasowarkveTa da gabudayeba, orTabrZola da mijaWva

I

erTi mkvdari devi mohyavdaT. devis deda Turme uremze ujda da devs klavi Zirs qonda Camovardnili. devis dedam dauZaxa amirans: Svilo,

dedaSvilobasao, es klavi auwie da uremze Semide isevo. amirani mivida,

bevri ecada, rom devis klavi aewia, magram ver SesZlo. devis dedam uTxra: Svilo, rom ar meTqva SenTvinao, mogklamdio. magram raxan Svili giwode,

arafers gizamo. im qalma maTraxis tariT auwia klavi. maSin amirans

Zalian Sercxva da Tavis naTlia qristes Seexvewa: ase uRono rad gamaCineo. Tavis naTlia gamoecxada mas da uTxra: Rones mogcem, magram

ver SeimSvniebo. amiranma uTxra: Sen Rone momeci da eg me vicio. man

misca Rone aTi uReli xar-kameCisa. amiranma Semoiara mTeli xmeleTi, veRar hpova Tavisi badali. amiranma raRai Tavisi toli ver hpova, TviT

qristesTan moindoma Sebma. mere uTxra Tavis naTlias: modi, me da Sen

daviWidoTo. naTliamac uTxra: me Cems yavarjens davasom miwaze, Tu imas dasZram, maSin viWidaoTo. uTxra: daaseo. daaso... amirani bevrs ecada,

magram miwidan veRar moglija. mere zedve miaba amirani qristem Tavisi

jaWviT. mere Tavze patara goraxi daadva da uTxra: es did mTad geqceso. qveS dahyva amirani. weliwadSi erTxel mas kari gaeReba da yorani wyals

moutans. [14, 335 mesxeTi]

II

...gzaSi erTi mkvdari mihqondaT marxiliT, cxra uReli kameCi ebaT da mainc Zlivsa Zravdnen. mkvdars marxilidgan mklavi gadmovardnoda da

miwas guTaniviTa sTxrida. mwuxare deda mkvdars cxeniT misdevda da xelSi maTraxi eWira. dainaxa amirani da uTxra: dedaSvilobas, eg mklavi

gulze daadeo. amirani mivida, undoda, mklavi gulze daedo, magram

saZraobac ver uyo. deda mkvdrisa gajavrda, gadmoswvda cxenidam mkvdars, maTraxis tariT mklavi gulze Seudo da amirans uTxra: dedaSviloba

rom ar meTqva, am maTraxiT gagaWrelebdio.

amirani daRonda da dauwyo vedreba Tavis naTlias-ufalsa. amirans gamoecxada ufali. amiranma sTxova, ro momeci Roneo, da agreTve

SesCivla, rom erTis mkvdris mklavi ver avwieo. ufalma misca amirans

kidev imdeni Rone, ramdenic im cxra uRel kameCs hqonda. gaxarebulma amiranma gamoswia da, rac gzaSi xe xvdeboda, sul aqeT-iqiT isroda. maSin

ufalma sTqva: es amodena Rone rom miveci, xalxs sul gamiwyvetso da

gamoecxada amirans sxva kacad. amiranma uTxra ufals: modi, dameWideo. ufali da amirani daeWidnen da, rogorc unda waeqcia amirans, ufali

gaeSvebina da uTxra: ai am yavarjens amohglejavo? ufalma yavarjeni

daarWo miwaSi. amirani mivida da ramdenic amoswia, imdeni ufro miwaSi

Cavida. maSin ufalma daswera pirjvari da amirani jaWviT daaba da zedac

didi uzarmazari mTa gadaafara. [14, 277, qarTli] gaTavisuflebis mcdeloba

I (mwyemsi)

yofila erTi mecxvare, romelic amiranis mTasTan misula da unaxavs,

rom mTis kari gaRebulia. dauZaxia amirans mecxvaresaTvis, modi CemTanao.

amas SeSinebia, ver movalo. didruani Tvalebi aqvs amirans. nu geSinia, modio, uTqvams kidev amirans. mecxvares gaubedia da misula. amirans

uTqvams: Tqveni puri vnaxoT, rogori gaqvTo. amirans mouWeria xeli da sisxli daqceula im puridan. mere uTqvams: Tqven sisxlis purs sWamTo.

kidev uTqvams: momita, ai, iq Cemi puriao. Tavis purisaTvis xeli rom

mouWeria, rZe gasvlia; rZiani puriT vcxovrob meo. axla is xmali momiwieo. Cemi xmali iqaa da me ki aq jaWviT var dabmulio. veraferi ver

upovnia mecxvares, rom meeba da miT miewia amirans Tavisken xmali. Sen

moebio. mecxvare mobmia da amirans Tavisken miuwevia. klavebi ro stkenia mecxvares, uTqvams: aba, wadi saxlSi da saxare tyavi momitaneo. qalma Tu

xma gaqces, araferi uTxra, Tu ara _ Cemi kari daixurebao. wasula

mecxvare saxres mosatanad, CamouRia saxlSi. xma aravis ar unda gasces, moaqvs saxre, magram coli gamosdgomia: rad mixval, ratom migaqvs, kaco,

ratom arafers gvetyvio? ra gamiWire saqme, dedakaco, miubarebia bolos

mecxvares da maSin mTac daxurula. roca misula mecxvare, daxuruli daxvedria mTa. amirani darCa isev dabmuli. amboben, Tu aiSva, mova

qveyanaze da qalebs daxocavs, maTze gajavrebuli ariso. magram vin icis,

visi javri aqvs! dabmuli ki aris mTis qveS. [14, 335-336, mesxeTi]

II (monadire)

erTxel, axalwlis wina dRiT, erTi monadire myinvarisaken sanadiroT

wasula. mas aq jixvi mouklavs, SemoRamebia da binas Turme eZebda. is

Sesula erT Ria qoxSi, sadac daunaxavs dabmuli uzarmazari adamiani. monadires SeSinebia da gamoqceula, magram amirans misTvis dauZaxia da

uTxovnia, iqve mdebare xmali miewodebina. monadires xmali uwevia, magram adgilidan ver dauZravs. maSin amirans uTqvams: Sen xmals xeli mokide, me

ki xels fexze mogkideb da xmali ise gamovaTrioTo. monadirec ase

moqceula. amirans misTvis fexi utkenia da xmalic ver gamouCoCebia. axla amirans monadirisaTvis uTqvams: wadi axlave, sanam axalweliwadi

gaTendebodes da saxlidan sakideli umZraxad wamoiReo, miabi am xmals

da mas me daviTrevo, rom ZaRlis lokviT gaTxelebul Cems jaWvs es xmali davhkra da gavwyvitovo.

monadire Sin gaqceula, sakideli Cumad Camouxsnia da ukanve

gamoqceula. magram cols es daunaxavs, ukan dasdevnebia da dauZaxia, sakideli sad migaqvso. monadire Zlier cdila, ukan ar moexeda da

colisTvis pasuxi ar gaeca. magram dedakaci mas ar moSvebia, sanam pasuxi

ar gasca Turme. monadire amiranis qoxs miuaxlovda Tu ara, mWedlebma saaxalwlod kverebi Turme dahkres. amiranis qoxs kari daeketa da misi

SeTxelebuli borkilic isev gasqelebula. [14, 346, xevi]

èTeriani~

èTeriani~ cameti variantis safuZvelze pirvelad p. umikaSvilma

gamoaqveyna 1975 wels. gamomcemeli mas `zRapars~ uwodebs (àbesalom da eTeris zRapari iseTi ram aris...~) da, marTlac, am ambavs variantTa

umetesobaSi zRapris samoseli mosavs Tavisi tradiciuli winkariT _

ìyo-da-ara-iyo-ra~. zogierT CanawerSi gazRaprebis procesi bolomdea misuli: ambavi zRapriseuli klasikuri dasasruliT – qorwiliT da

`Wiri-iqa-lxini-aqa~-Ti mTavrdeba, radgan ar gamoCndeba murmani Tavisi dauokebeli vnebiT da, cxadia, arc im tragedias rCeba adgili, romelic

èTerianis~, rogorc samijnuro eposis individualobas qmnis. am saxis,

Tumca mcirericxovan variantebSi, eposi mTlianad Zleulia zRapris stiqiisagan. gazRaprebis tendencia gasagebia, ramdenadac es TxrobiTi

Janri, rogorc misi sakuTreba, sxva JanrTagan yvelaze ukeTesad miesadaga

xalxis cnobierebas (rogorc davinaxeT, àmiranianic~ ver ascda am

tendencias). msgavsad àmiranianisa~, èTerianic~ prozisa da leqsisgan Sedgeba.

prozac da leqsic mTeli saqarTvelos farglebSi (da mis gareTac) aris

dadasturebuli. èTerianis~ pirveli gamomcemeli winasityvaobaSi werda: ès eTeriani, Sedgenili saxalxo leqsebisa da pirad naTqvamobisagan,

romelnic darCenilan dRevandlamde saqarTvelos yvela nawilebSi.

zemoxsenebuli leqsebi da pirad naTqvamobani (ricxviT cametni) ekuTvnis Semdeg adgilebs: qarTls, kaxeTs, imereTs, samcxes (axalcixis mazras),

xevsureTs, xevs (Tergisas) da qalaq mozdoks~ [3]. aq `naTqvamoba~ prozaul monaTxrobs gulisxmobs, romelic sakmaod sxvaobs variantebSi.

ar arsebobs kanonikuri prozauli xalxuri teqsti. leqsi ki ucvlelia

da metnaklebad inarCunebs Tavis saxes Canaweridan CanawerSi. es ki imas unda niSnavdes, rom poeturi teqsti èTerianSi~ pirveladia, arqetipulia,

prozauli ki _ meoradi, Semavsebeli. amitomac zRapradqceul variantebSi

poetur CanarTebs ver vxvdebiT _ aseTia variantTa wre I (ix. qvemoT). Tumca sxva SexedulebiT, ̀ eTerianis eposis birTvi prozaulia~ [8, 115] da,

ufro metic: eposi zRapris niadagzea Camoyalibebuli, anu misi

pirvelwyaro aris zRapari [8, 114. 113]. Znelia am Tvalsazrisis miReba, ramdenadac zRaparSi, rogorc aseTSi, ver aRmovaCenT iseT `birTvs~,

romelic misi siuJetis tragikul ganviTarebas gamoiwvevda. zRapris

principuli optimizmi ar iZleva amis SesaZleblobas. zRapari ver gardaiqmneboda im zomamde, rom Tavis Tavs dapirispireboda.

èTerianis~ arazRaprul warmoSobas isic mowmobs, rom misi sxeulis

mdgradi fena _ leqsiTi nawili ZiriTadad dialoguria, rac SeiZleba niSnavdes imas, rom èTerianis~ arqetipuli teqsti romantiuli drama

iyo. dialoguroba SeiZleba mis Tavdapirvel antifonur Sesrulebasac

mowmobdes [8, 119]. es dialogebia: dialogi abesalomsa da eTers Soris, romelic mTavrdeba abesalomis ficiT eTerisadmi; dialogi abesalomsa

da murmans Soris; dialogi marexsa da eTers Soris; ukanaskneli dialogi abesalomsa da eTers Soris. dialogebSi Cabmulia eposis yvela

personaJi, vinc ki individualur saxes atarebs. mTavari personaJebis

dialogebi iwyebs da amTavrebs nawarmoebs. leqsiTi variantebi eposis

mTels Sinaarss moicavs dawyebuli striqonebiT àbesalom da eTeri RmerTma Segvyara erTferi~ da damTavrebuli striqonebiT `Sen, Cemo

moyvris danao, ubes midevxar ganao, amogiReb da davicem marjvena

ZuZusTanao~ [4, # 44]. aSkaraa, rom èTeriani~ ar aris im xasiaTis nawarmoebi, romlis siuJets

zRaparSi unda epova xorcSesxma. arsebobs variantTa sxva wre, sadac eTeris warmoSoba ar ukavSirdeba zRapris siuJets da ambavSic ar

monawileoben zRapris tradiciuli (kanonikuri) personaJebi (avi

dedinacvali, keTili dedaberi). variantebis gansxvavebul wreTa arseboba sakmaod abundovanebs èTerianis~ warmomavlobas da, kerZod, eTeris,

rogorc personaJis, vinaobis sakiTxs. romelia pirveladi – èTeri-geri~

Tu èTeri-tyiuri~? xom ar SeiZleba warmovidginoT, rom misi arqetipi saerTod ar arsebula da èTerianis~ dRemde SemorCenili variantebi ori

erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli wyarodan momdinareobs? aseve daismis

kiTxva èTerianis~ dawyebis Taobaze. variantTa umetesobaSi ambavi eTeriT iwyeba (aqedan dakanonebuli saxelwodeba èTeriani~). magram

ipoveba variantebi, arcTu mcirericxovani, sadac ambavi abesalomis

sanadirod gasvliT iwyeba. romelia pirveladi? aqve unda SeiniSnos, rom xalxuri Txroba, Cveulebriv, iwyeba im personaJiT, romelic mTavaria

TxrobaSi, anu romlis ambavic aris mosaTxrobi. da, saerTod, romelia

èTerianSi~ mTavari gmiri? an rogor poulobs abesalomi eTers _ ZebniT, rogorc gazRaprebul variantebSia (wre I-II), Tu _ tyeSi SexvedriT (wre

III)?

gaCnda arcTu usafuZvlo eWvi, rom èTeriani~ wignuri warmoSobisaa. p. ingoroyva èTerians~ CamoTvlis im literaturul nawarmoebTa Soris,

romelTagan an fragmentebia SemorCenili an mxolod saxelebi. `rogorc Tavis droze gamorkveuli gveqneba, _ am romanidan aris warmoSobili

dRemde Senaxuli xalxuri Tqmuleba àbesalom da eTeri~, _ iseve, rogorc

SoTas vefxis-tyaosnidan Semdeg warmoiSva xalxuri vefxis-tyaosani~ [5, 486]. mkvlevari Seecada ucxour sakuTar saxelTa safuZvelze emtkicebina

Tavisi varaudi [6, 37-9]. mTeli wyeba niSnebisa, romlebic SeiniSneba masSi, SeiZleba amxeldes

mis wignur warmoSobas: − Rrma emociebis, Cvens SemTxvevaSi, siyvarulis dinamikuri gamomJaRvneba,

maSin roca `xalxur eposSi siyvaruli, Cveulebriv, statikur formaSia

mocemuli~ [1, 197]. Tu SevadarebT, erTi mxriv, amiran-yamarisa da, meore mxriv, abesalom-eTeris urTierTobas da murmanis damokidebulebas

eTerisadmi, maT Soris fundamentur sxvaobas davinaxavT. amiranisaTvis

yamaris mopoveba sagmiro saqmea, misi, rogorc safalavno an miTologiuri eposis an gmiris, gardauvali valdebulebaa. amiranis

mizani ufro gamoxsnaa koSkSi gamoketili mzeTunaxavisa, vidre misi, rogorc qalis, daufleba. amiranis Semdgom TavgadasavalSi, mis morig

zRurblebze yamari aRar Cans. xolo rac abesaloms da murmans

amoZravebT eTeris mimarT, es mxolod da mxolod Rrma adamianuri

siyvarulis grZnobaa.

− èTerianis~ personaJebi, gansxvavebiT folkloruli warmomavlobis personaJebisgan, aratipiurni, individualurni da unikalurni arian.

maTi saxeebi arsad sxvagan ar meordeba. xalxuri poetikisTvis ki

mxolod tipiuri, ganmeorebadi Tvisebebia yuradRebis Rirsi. − moqmedebis motivireba, razec agebulia èTerianis~ drama, principulad

ucxoa folklorisTvis. folkloruli gmiris moqmedebas ara aqvs motivacia. Tu folkloris gmiri sCadis borotebas, is sCadis mas,

rogorc borotebis gansaxiereba _ sxvanairad mas moqceva ar SeuZlia.

aseTi ar aris murmani: igi sCadis borotebas ara imitom, rom borotia, aramed imitom, rom sxva gamosavals ver xedavs [1, 202-203].

− folklorisTvis ucxoa gmiris feriscvaleba, rogorsac ganicdian jer

murmani, mere abesalomi. ver vifiqrebT, _ aseTia nawarmoebis logika, _ rom murmani Tavidanve, eTeris gamoCenamde, abesalomis orguli yma

yofiliyo.

− xalxuri epikuri _ zRapruli Tu arazRapruli _ Txroba ar

aRiniSneba mravalpersonaJianobiT. arsebobs erTi, mxolod erTi mTavari

gmiri, romelic atarebs eposis ideas, yvela danarCeni personaJi

damxmareni arian da ara TavisTavadni. zRaparSi maT Tav-Tavisi

funqciebi aqvT, romelTac isini mTavari gmiris mimarT asruleben da funqciis amowurvasTan erTad uCinardebian. rom ar vilaparakoT

zRaparze, ̀ amiranianis~ personaJebic aseve damokidebulni arian mTavar gmirze, maT, kerZod, amiranis Zmebs, TavisTavadi arseboba (egzistencia) ar

gaaCniaT. isini uCinardebian, rogorc ki maTi funqcia amoiwureba.

èTerianSi~ sami damoukidebeli, TavisTavadi personaJia (rogorc `vefxistyaosanSi~, rogorc `visramianSi~).

− dabolos, analogia kvlav `vefxistyaosanTan~ (p. ingoroyvas ZiriTadi

argumenti): rom ar SemorCeniliyo rusTavelis poema, xalxuri `vefxistyaosani~ anu `tarieliani~, isic, msgavsad èTerianisa~,

zepirsityvieri warmoSobis nawarmoebad iqneboda miCneuli. es iribi

argumentia, magram angariSi unda gaewios. es argumentebi saSualebas gvaZlevs vifiqroT èTerianis~ elitarul

warmoSobaze, anu CavTvaloT is e.w. daZiruli kulturis dovlaTis (Gesunkenes Kulturgut) erT kerZo gamovlinebad xalxur sityvierebaSi [12, 44-5; 10, 556-7]. qarTul folklorSi aseTebia: `tarieliani~, Sahnames xalxuri versiebi `beJaniani~, ̀ rostomiani~, ̀ rusudaniani~ da sxvani, romelTac Tav-TavianTi

wignuri wyaroebi eZebnebaT.

dResdReobiT metnaklebad sruli (ramdenadac SeiZleba hqondes sisrulis pretenzia xalxuri Canawerebis korpuss) gamocema èTerianis~

variantebisa ekuTvnis m. Ciqovans [4]. aq Tavmoyrilia 42 folkloruli

Canaweri saqarTvelos aTamde kuTxidan. variantebi qvemoT yvelgan am gamocemaSi miCenili nomriT aris

miTiTebuli.

teqstis morfologia

èTeriani~ ori nawilisagan Sedgeba:

1. eTeris ambavi abesalomTan qorwilamde. 2. ambavi abesalomisa da eTerisa da murmanisa qorwilis Semdeg.

arsebobs èTerianis~ variantTa sami wre (damatebiT meoTxe), romlebic

erTmaneTisgan arsebiTad sxvaoben ambis mxolod pirvel nawilSi, sadac Txroba abesalomisa da eTeris qorwilamde aRwevs. es nawili ZiriTadi

ambis (tragediis) eqspozicias warmoadgens. wreebi erTmaneTisgan eTeris warmomavlobiT (vinaobiT) gansxvavdebian. variantTa erT wreSi eTeri

geria (dediT oboli, dedinacvliT), meoreSi – dediT oboli

(udedinacvlod), mesameSi – tyiuri, arwivisa (an daTvis) gazrdili (udedmamod). meoTxe wre Txrobis dasawyisis mixedviT aris gamoyofili:

aq ambavi abesalomis gamoCeniT iwyeba.

nawili 1. eqspozicia. ambavi qorwilamde.

aq wamoiWreba problema: romelia Tavdapirveli eqspozicia eposisa? – variantTa is wre, sadac eTeri geria?

– Tu is, sadac eTeri udedinacvlo obolia?

– Tu is, sadac eTeri arwivis (daTvis) gazrdilia? romeli wridan aris namdvili eTeri?

ganvixiloT variantTa es wreebi – ra epizodebisgan Sedgeba TiToeuli

maTgani (vimeorebT, rom erTmaneTisgan maT eTeris warmomavloba ganasxvavebs).

wre I. eTeri-geri

variantTa am wreSi èTeri-geris~ mTeli Tavgadasavali qorwilamde

jadosnuri zRapris Sinaarss Seadgens. unda aRiniSnos, rom am wris variantebis erTi mniSvnelovani niSani

poeturi nawilebis ararsebobaa. es SeniSnulia literaturaSi [9, 12].

is mTlianad TxrobiTia, anu, p.umikaSvilis termins Tu gamoviyenebT, `naTqvamobisgan~ Sedgeba.

ZiriTadi epizodebi

I. dediT oboli eTeri dedinacvlis mier devnili geria; mas hyavs antagonisti (`crugmiri~) dedinacvlis asulis saxiT, romelic misi

sruli (fizikurad da sulier-zneobrivad) antipodia. igi mxolod

pasiuri iaraRia dedis xelSi eTeris winaaRmdeg. zog variantSi dedinacvlis asuli saerTod arc monawileobs. eTers hyavs Zroxa,

romlis saSualebiTac dedis suli Semweobas uwevs misi cxovrebis

gadamwyvet Jams.

II. eTeri gareT, kerZod, tyeSi unda aRmoCndes, rom beds ewios, romelsac

gangeba umzadebs mas. dedinacvali mas samwyesurSi gzavnis, magram am

gastumrebas gagdebis saxe aqvs. eTer-gers dedinacvali TiTqos agzavnis tradiciuli Zneli davalebiT, romelsac eTeri Semwis meSveobiT

asrulebs.

III. Sexvedra SemwesTan (dedaberi). es aris misi mwyalobelic. es Sexvedra gansacdelia, romlis Semdeg eTeri feriscvalebas ganicdis.

oqrosferi Tma, romelsac Tavisi sikeTis wil moipovebs, misi momavali

didebulebis pirveli niSania. magram garkveul dromde es niSani

dafaruli unda iyos, rom dedinacvlis avma Tvalma ar dainaxos [11, # 480]. [dedinacvlis gogo ver uZlebs am gansacdels da kidev ufro maxinji

brundeba Sin].

IV. dedis wyaloba. dedabris wyalobas dedis wyaloba mohyveba. furi, romelSic dedis sulia Casaxlebuli, daikvlis, misi Zvlebi Caimarxeba

saidumlo adgilas, sadac eTers daxvdeba Zvirfasi samoseli, oqros qoSi

da raSi [11, # 510 A].

V. eklesiaSi. sadedoflod gamowyobili eTeri ucxo asulad

gamoCndeba xalxSi, romelTa Soris dedinacvalic aris Tavisi

qaliSviliTurT.

VI. qoSi ikargeba. ukana gzaze eTers cali qoSi wyalSi uvardeba.

VII. abesaloms miarTmeven napovn qoSs an Tavad poulobs.

VIII. mTeli samefo eZebs qoSis patrons.

IX. dedinacvali cdilobs, Tavisi qaliSvili Seatyuos abesaloms.

X. qoSis namdvili patronis gamoCena da cru-eTeris mxileba. am dros

xvdebian pirvelad erTmaneTs abesalomi da eTeri. [erT mesxur variantSi es epizodi retardaciulia: rogorc ki abesalomi droebiT datovebs

sadedoflod gamzadebul eTers, dedinacvali gaxdis mas samosels,

moaWris oqrosfer Tmebs da Tavis Svils gamoawyobs abesalomisTvis, eTers ki ToneSi Caagdebs. eTeris wasayvanad ukan mobrunebuli abesalomi

Tonidan amoiyvans eTers, kvlav Semosavs da waiyvans].

XI. fici abesalomisa.

XII. qorwili. aq mTavrdeba zRapari. magram sadac zRapari mTavrdeba, iq

iwyeba abesalomisa da eTeris ambavi. qorwilis dros Semodis axali personaJi – murmani. droebiT SevwyvitoT Sinaarsis gadmocema am

epizodze da vnaxoT ra epizodebisagan Sedgeba variantTa meore wre.

wre II. eTeri-oboli (udedinacvlod)

(# 9, qarTli)

qarTls garda ùdedinacvlo~ variantebi dadasturebulia fSavSi (## 28, 29), xevsa (# 33) da raWaSi (# 42).

epizodebi

I. ìyo da ara iyo ra, iyvnen Raribi col-qmari~, eTeris mSoblebi, romlebic daixocnen.

II. ded-mamiT oboli eTeri Saragzaze gamvlel-gamomvlels Tavs

uxilavs mSoblebis sulis saoxad (Tanaxmad RvTisTvis micemuli ficisa). zogierT variantSi eTeri Tmas dedabers uxilavs, romelic amis

sanacvlod asaCuqrebs mas.

III. sanadirod gamosuli abesalomi eTers xis Ziras Sexvdeba, an Saragzaze, sadac eTeri gamvlel-gamomvlels Tavs uxilavs.

IV. eTeri Tavs uxilavs abesaloms RvTisadmi micemuli aRTqmis

Tanaxmad.

V. CaZinebulT qriste RmerTi daagvirgvinebs (gvirgvinebs daadgams

Tavze).

VI. abesalomis fici.

VII. qorwili.

wre II-a. eTeri-oboli (mamiT, udedinacvlod)

(# 4, qarTli)

epizodebi

I. eTeris mama `Zalian Raribi moxuci kacia~. deda ar Cans.

II. eTeri gadis samwyesurSi. eTeri Tavad sTxovs mamas – menaxired gauSvas. `dedinacvliani~ variantebis gagdebas aq nebayoflobiTi gasvla

enacvleba.

III. Sexvedra tyeSi. abesalomi gahyveba Suqs, romlis wyaroa muxis

fuRuroSi CaZinebuli eTeri. eTeri grZelTmiani mzeTunaxavia. xe da

grZelTmianoba im variantebisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli, romlebSic eTeri arwivis budeSia gazrdili (wre III).

grZeli Tma TiTqos miuTiTebs Tavis arqetipze: tyiuri mzeTunaxavis

erTaderTi samoseli Tmaa.

IV. abesalomis fici.

V. qorwili.

wre III. eTeri – arwivis (daTvis) gazrdili

(# 13, kaxeTi)

dasawyisi aq zRaprulia: ìyo da ara iyo ra...~ magram eTeri ara hgavs zRapris personaJs: is arc geria, arc oboli. is uCveulod naSobia da

tyeSia gazrdili (tyiuri).

epizodebi

I. uSvilo col-qmari.

II. qmari midis mkiTxavTan.

III. kaci Wams colisTvis gankuTvnil sam vaSls.

IV. eTeri Caisaxeba kacis kanWSi. V. moWril da gadagdebul kanWs arwivi Tu orbi (an daTvi) waiRebs Tavis budeSi (bunagSi), kanWidan

daibadeba eTeri.

VII. sanadirod gamosuli abesalomi Suqze miagnebs eTers (Sdr. 2, III).

VIII. Sexvedra da abesalomis fici.

IX. abesalomi saqorwilo (sadedoflo) samoseliT Semosavs eTers da waiyvans sasaxleSi.

X. qorwili.

wre IV. ambavi abesalomiT iwyeba

(# 2, qarTli, # 15, kaxeTi)

epizodebi

I. àbesalomi mefe iyo~. abesaloms esizmreba eTeri. kaxuri variantis

mixedviT, abesalomi suraTiT eZebs dasizmrebul eTers. eTeris

warmomavloba ucnobia.

II. abesalomi sanadirod gadis.

III. Sexvedra abesalomisa da eTerisa àmur-wyalze~ an `soflis bolos,

wylis piras~.

IV. fici abesalomisa.

V. eTeris Semosva (# 15).

VI. qorwili (`Svidi dRe-Rame~).

rogorc vxedavT, eqspoziciis (qorwilamdeli ambis) variantebSi

mTavari personaJi eTeri sxvadasxva warmoSobisaa: sxvaa eTeri, rogorc dedinacvlis geri; sxvaa eTeri, rogorc udedinacvlo oboli; sxvaa

eTeri, rogorc tyeSi gazrdili (Tumca aq Semotanilia oblobis axali

saxe, substanciuri udedmamobiT gaZlierebuli). aseve gansxvavebulia am variantebSi abesalomisa da eTeris Sexvedris pirobebi: eTeri-geri da

abesalomi eTeris saxlSi xvdebian. oqros qoSia Sexvedris (povnis)

piroba. udedinacvlo eTers abesalomi tyeSi poulobs; aseve tyeSi poulobs arwivis (daTvis) gazrdil eTers abesalomi.

nawili 2. ambavi qorwilis Semdeg

jvriswerisa Tu qorwilis Semdeg ambis gadmocemaSi yvela variantSi

epizodebi erTmaneTs arsebiTad emTxveva. abesalomisa da eTeris ambis sakuTrivi nawili swored es aris. Tu zRapari qorwiliT mTavrdeba,

abesalomisa da eTeris ambavi qorwilidan iwyeba, riTac isini emijnebian

zRapris personaJebs. sadac mTavrdeba zRapari, iq iwyeba tragikuli ambavi, romelic Semdegi epizodebisagan Sedgeba:

I. murmans Seuyvardeba eTeri, romlis xelSi CagdebisaTvis eSmaks

mihyidis suls. variantTa umravlesobis Tanaxmad, murmani jvriswerisa Tu qorwilis dros Semodis TxrobaSi.

II. xelSekruleba eSmakTan. sulis miyidva (murmani eSmakisgan Seityobs eTeris xelSi Cagdebis xerxs da qorwilis an jvrisweris dros

gamoiyenebs mas). zogierT variantSi deda gaiRebs Tavis suls (#16,

kaxeTi).

III. saxeze fetvis Seyra da eTeris dasneuleba. erT mesxur variantSi

(#26) eTers fetvs dedinacvali (zRapari am nawilSic aris SemoWrili!)

ayris da ara – Tavad eSmaki an murmani. ase rom, aq murmani Tavisufalia codvisagan . murmanis saxe (is ar aris eSmakTan wilnayari)

gafermkrTalebulia.

IV. eTeris sneuleba – ras niSnavs igi? zogierTi variantis mixedviT, eTeris sneuleba moCvenebiTia. eTeri abesaloms mxolod eCveneboda am

saxiT (#33, xevi).

V. abesalomi gadascems eTers murmans, romlis xelSi eTeri ganikurneba. es ori aqti erTdroulia. sad xdeba gadacema? – jvarisweris

dros, qorwilis dros, bednierebis kulminaciaSi.

VI. abesalomisa da murmanis dialogi. abesaloms surs, gaigos eTeris

ambavi. es dialogi (erT-erTi saukeTeso adgili mTels èTerianSi~,

romelic TiTqmis yvela CanawerSia Semonaxuli) leqsis saxiT aris gadmocemuli: `murman, murman, Sensa mzesa, Cemi eTer ra dReSia?~ (var. `Seni

coli ra rigia?~). kiTxvas mosdevs murmanis vrceli pasuxi: `ras

kiTxulob, caTa sworo, colis qeba augia...~ murmani aRuwers abesaloms `brolis cixeSi~ gamoketili eTeris silamazes, romelic amieridan

miuwvdomelia abesalomisTvis.

VII. abesalomi ueTerod – sneuli.

VIII. murmanis gagzavna ukvdavebis wylis mosatanad an salaSqrod

(Zneli davaleba). murmanis gagzavnis mizani abesalomisa da eTeris kvlav Seyraa. erT variantSi murmans dasneulebuli eTeri agzavnis ukvdavebis

vaSlis mosatanad faruli motiviT, rom didixniT (an sabolood)

moaridos `brolis cixes~, Tavad ki abesalomis sanaxavad wavides (#16, kaxeTi).

IX. asparezze gamodis abesalomis da marixi, rogorc elCi sneul

abesalomsa da datyvevebul eTers Soris. zogierT variantSi sneuli abesalomis mesaidumle dedaa. fSaur versiaSi is kiTxulobs Svilis

sneulobis mizezs:

`Svilo, visi gklavs survili, Zils ar gaZinebs mZinarsa,waval da imas gipovni, wyals Caudgebi mdinarsa~. (#28)

abesalomis deda, iseve rogorc deda murmanisa, yvelafrisTvis mzad

aris. abesalomi agzavnis marexs am davalebiT: àdeqi, marex-marskvlavo, eTersa karsa uare, Tu gkiTxos Cemi ambavi, dajed da wvrilad uambe~.

variantebs meore dac – `mariam-marskvlavi~ an `varex-marskvlavi~ –

SemohyavT. xalxuri Txrobis kanonis Tanaxmad, eTeri mesame misvlaze unda wamoyves elCs. es sami cda amgvarad SeiZleba ganawilebuliyo, risi

kvalic SemorCenilia variantebSi: a. `marex-marskvlavi~ midis samjer, mesame

misvlaze wamohyveba eTeri. kaxur variantSi (#14) marexs orjer uxdeba

eTerTan misvla. b. eTerTan midis jer deda, mere debi saTiTaod. bolo

mimsvlels unda wamohyves eTeri. srulad arc erTi SesaZlebloba ar aris

realizebuli (an ar aris Semonaxuli).

aRsaniSnavia eTeris sayveduri, romelic yvela variantSi Tanabari mxatvruli mTlianobiT ar aris SemorCenili. eTeri ase mimarTavs

abesalomis gamogzavnils: `marex-marskvlavo, ras brZaneb mag Senis tkbili eniTa, Tavs gvirgvini aixada, sxvas daadga xeliTa~ (#14, kaxeTi);

`RvTisgan dadgmuli gvirgvini ZaliT gadigdo xeliTa~ (#9, qarTli). sxva

variantis mixedviT, am sityvebs eTeri abesalomis meore das, marixis mimarTavs: `mari-qalo, iqiT wadi, nu damferfle eniTao, Tav gvirgvini

aixada, sxvas daadga xeliTao~ (#10, qarTli). am variantSi eTeri uaryofs

marex-marskvlavis elCobas da mari-qals mihyveba abesalomTan.

X. eTeri midis abesalomTan. zogierTi variantis mixedviT, mas martokas

ar uSveben `brolis koSkidan~ – mazlebi gamohyvebian (#16, kaxeTi), an

yvelani – `sul Tan gahyvnen~ (#2, qarTli). is namdvili patimaria.

XI. ukanaskneli Sexvedra. is, rac abesalomsa da eTers Soris iTqmis

maTi Sexvedrisas, ar aris adeqvaturi imisa, rasac igi unda iwvevdes.

TiTqmis yvela variantSi momakvdavi abesalomi sTavazobs eTers `garjisaTvis~ (`Cemi naxvisTvina~, #19, kaxeTi) oqro-vercxls, margalitebs,

raSs, moaxleebs, anu mefur ZRvens (#2, qarTli), zogan – mxolod cxens:

èTersa cxeni miarTviT, gava sqeli da maRali!~ (#14, kaxeTi). saCuqari SeTavazebulia TiTqos mxolod im mizniT, rom eTers SesaZlebloba

mieces ganacxados: èTersa cxeni ar unda, dana uboZeT almasi~ (#14). amas ambobs, Tumca mas Tana aqvs abesalomis naCuqari dana: èTersa cxeni rad

unda, dana uboZe Savtari. abesalomis danao, ubeSi devxar ganao, amogiReb

da dagikram marcxena ZuZusTanao~ (#2, qarTli).

XII. abesalomis sikvdili da eTeris TviTmkvleloba. bevri variantis

mixedviT, abesalomi kvdeba eTeris mosvlisTanave: abesaloms eTeris fexis

xma esmis mxolod – èTeri banze Semodga, kari da bani daiZra~ (#8, qarTli), erT CanawerSi vkiTxulobT: àbesalomma icno eTeris fexis xma~

(#9, qarTli). eTers esmis misi naTqvami, magram abesalomis yuramde veRar

midis eTeris pasuxi.

XIII. ori saflavi. vardi (da ia) da Tasi oqrosi. ambavi saflavze

leqsad aris Semonaxuli da am leqss Tavad eTeri warmoTqvams, sanam

gulze danas daicemdes. eTeri Tavad Txzavs Tavis da abesalomis ` e p i t a f i a s ~ . z o g i v a r i a n t i s m i x e d v i T , m u r m a n i s b e d i c

nawinaswarmetyvelevia (#2, qarTli).

XIV. murmanis dabruneba da TviTmkvleloba.

XV. mesame saflavi. murmani Tavis saflavs abesalomisa da eTeris

saflavs Soris gaiTxris. masze ekali amodis da ia-vardis gadaxvevas

uSlis xels. ekali codvis simboloa (adamis codvis daRi mcenareze), vardi – netarebis. ekali imasac gvaxsenebs, rac jvarisweris dros moxda

– eSmakeulis SeWra axaldagvirgvinebulTa Soris sikvdilSic meordeba. ekali _ arimanis (eSmakTa Tavadis) Suria ormuzdisadmi. murmanis

siyvaruli eklad gadaiqca.

XVI. esqatologiuri epilogi. èrTi kaci~ (mwyemsi, gamvleli, soflis xalxi) amoZirkvavs ekals (arimanis Surs, murmanis damangrevel

siyvaruls), romelsac murmanis Zvlebic amohyveba. ia da vardi kvlav

Caexvevian erTmaneTs. ambavi eTerisa, abesalomisa da murmanisa

eTeri-geri èTerianSi~ sami mTavari personaJia. ukve es `sameba~ mowmobs, Tu

raoden ucxo unda iyos es xalxuri nawarmoebi jadosnuri zRaprisTvis,

romelic SeWrila mis sxeulSi, Sezrdia mas da TiTqmis mis sxeulad qceula. ambavi abesalom da eTerisa Tavisi tragikuli dasasruliT

safuZvlianad gansxvavdeba jadosnuri zRaprisgan, romelsac gmirTaTvis

sasikeTo dasasruli aqvs. da mainc, èTerianis~ dRemde SemorCenil ZiriTad variantebSi misi erT-erTi mTavari gmiri – eTeri jadosnuri

zRapris personaJis biografiiT aris warmodgenili. misi pirveli nawili

(àmbavi abesalom da eTerisa qorwilamde~) mTlianad, yvela misi

epizodiTurT, farTod gavrcelebuli sazRapro siuJetis erTi variantia

[1, ## 480, 510 A].

èTerianis~ eTeris vinaobis gacnobisas da gadmocemisas Cven imavdroulad vecnobiT da gadmovcemT jadosnuri zRapris personaJis _

geris vinaobas da mis Tavgadasavals. am zRapris gmiri _ dedinacvlisgan

moZulebuli geri _ da romantiuli eposis gmiri eTeri erTi da igive pirovnebaa.

abesalomTan Sexvedramde da qorwilamde maT erTi cxovreba aqvT

gavlili. eposis xalxur mTqmelebs daebadaT survili, abesalomis rCeuli eTeri

geris statusSi warmoedginaT.

ra aris gerobaSi iseTi, rasac eTeris bunebis gamoxatva unda dakisreboda?

vin aris geri?

arsebobs wuTisoflis bavSvi, wers erTgan n. berdiaevi, da arsebobs

RvTis bavSvi, romelsac `bedi swyalobs~ da dasabamieri TavisuflebiT aris dajildoebuli. deda gamoxatavs RvTis samefos, xolo dedinacvali

_ am wuTisofels. Sesabamisad: oboli da geri, rogorc RvTis bavSvebi, ar

ekuTvnian am wuTisofels – isini ar arian misi mkvidrni. obloba da geroba aq tovebs socialur sferos da sxva ganzomilebaSi gadadis.

dedinacvali cdilobs, Tavisi RviZli Svili, asuli wuTisoflisa,

Seunacvlos wuTisoflis gers. da sakvirvelia, rom mama Cumi dasturiT monawileobs am boroteul SenacvlebaSi. geri, marTalia, daibada am

qoxSi, magram es qoxi ar aris misi namdvili saxli, misi saxli sxvagan dgas, is sasaxlea. ase, gadedoflebuli geri, magram dedinacvlisgan

devnili, ufliswuls wisqvilSi Sobs [11, # 403], romlis namdvili

samSoblo mefis sasaxlea. geris oqrosferi Tma, romelsac is dedabrisaTvis gaweuli sikeTis wil moipovebs, amis dasturi da niSania.

oqroa misi namdvili feri, romelic garkveul dromde dafaruli unda

iyos, raTa Tavis Jams gamobrwyindes. dedis gamogzavnili Zvirfasi Sesamoseli, oqros qoSi, sadedoflo Sesamoselia, romliTac is Sedis

eklesiaSi momavali qorwilis dRis winaswarsauwyeblad.

gers gzaSi ekargeba qoSi, radgan is Cqarobs Sin dabrunebas, rom ar gacxaddes misi saidumlo, radgan dedinacvali Casafrebulia saxlSi.

magram qoSis dakargva is aucilebeli dabrkolebaa, romelmac mas sikeTe

unda moutanos, iseve, rogorc dedinacvlis davalebebma. ase rom: dedinacvali Tavisi Zneli davalebiT Tumca paradoqsad Cans, magram

iseTive Semwea misi, rogorc dedis suli da keTili dedaberi, romelic,

SesaZloa, misi dedis ganxorcieleba iyos. yoveli misi metoqe ganwirulia dasamarcxeblad, radgan oqros qoSi mxolod mas ekuTvnis da sxvas

aravis dedamiwis zurgze. mTels wuTisofelSi ar moiZebneba asuli,

romelsac moergeboda es qoSi. qoSi da eTeri erTad daibadnen. mis fexs dahyva rCeulobis dideba. eTerisaTvis gankuTvnilma oqros qoSma

SeiZleba moiaros qveyniereba, magram is kvlav eTers daubrundeba, radgan misi cali masTan aris, rogorc dasabamieri jildo. da cali cals

Sexvdeba, miesadageba, Seikvreba, rogorc simbolo. yovelive amas

moklebulia dedinacvlis asuli, mas ara aqvs bedi, is ver uZlebs

gamocdas; mas imsxverplebs gansacdeli, radgan is ar aris RvTis bavSvi, is wuTisoflis RviZli da mkvidri Svilia.

pirveli konturebi geris bedisa maSin isaxeba, roca dedinacvlisgan

devnili tyeSi dedaberTan erTaderTi swori urTierTobis (sityva-pasuxisa da saqcielis) gamocdas, rogorc gansacdels, gaivlis. saidana

aqvs obolsa da gers amgvari qcevis gamocdileba? cxadia, is Tandayolilia. keTilSobileba, WeSmaritad dedofluri, usazRvro sikeTe

dedis saSoTganve dahyva mas. is saCuqari, romelsac geri dedabrisgan iRebs, mas damsaxurebuli aqvs Tavisi maRali warmoSobiT _ igi sruliad

bunebrivad, yovelgvari yoymanis gareSe ipovebs mas. es misi bedia. geri gogona zRapris mTavari personaJia. vaJi, romelic moZebnis da

airCevs mas, moklebulia TavisTavadobas – masze ar aris SeCerebuli

mTxrobelis yuradReba. is mxolod saSualebaa imisaTvis, raTa geri ewios Tavis beds, daxsnil iqnas am damcirebuli mdgomareobidan.

ufliswuli (misi mxsneli, rogorc wesi, ufliswulia) aucileblobiT

aris movlinebuli geris gadasarCenad _ misi gadarCena caSia gadawyvetili. geri, cocxalTagan moZulebuli, TviT mSobeli mamisganac

ki mitovebuli, dedoflis Rirsebamde aRwevs.

aqa aqvs gamarTleba da sazrisi gerebis zRapars, romelic gvimxels imaze mets, rasac geris socialuri Sinaarsi inaxavs.

im variantebSic ki, sadac gogona ar aris geri, aramed mxolod oboli da aravin aiZulebs mas Rirsebis `damamcirebeli~ samsaxuris gawevas, igi

Tavisi aRTqmiT asrulebs aseT samsaxurs. is Tavisi nebiT gadis

Saragzaze da gamvlel-gamomvlels Tmas uxilavs ded-mamis sulis saoxad RvTisadmi micemuli aRTqmisamebr. aseTi nebayoflobiTi samsaxuri

arasodes rCeba sazRauris gareSe, Tumca Tavad msaxuri arafers moiTxovs

sanacvlod. es iseTi samsaxuria, romlisganac arafers gamoelian. dedofali, rogorc mefe, Camodis taxtidan da emsaxureba Tavis

qveSevrdomT. es aris yvelaze maRali samsaxuri, roca uzenaesi udablesis

msaxuri xdeba (amis arqetipi gankacebis saidumloSia). zRaparSi oblis Sesrulebuli samsaxuri ar aris ganpirobebuli misi dabali socialuri

mdgomareobiT. misi msaxureba araCveulebrivi warmoSobisaa.

eTerisTvis ar unda iyos SemTxveviTi geris statusi. unda vifiqroT, rom eTeris epikur vinaobaSi iqneboda raRac iseTi niSani, romelic

swored gerobas unda gamoexata. Cven amis mxolod varaudi SeiZleba

gvqondes.

eTeri-tyiuri sul sxvaa es eTeri.

eTeris araCveulebrivi warmoSoba TvalsaCinoa im variantebSi,

romlebic ar iReben masalas jadosnuri zRaprebidan. visi Svilia igi? aravisi. is ibadeba saswaulebrivad, rogorc dionise zevsis barZayidan.

amgvarad Sobili eTeri gansxvavdeba dedinacvlis xeliT devnili da Seviwroebuli geri gogonasagan. magram es gansxvaveba zedapirulia. geri

da oboli qoxSi arian dabadebulni da qoxSi izrdebian (Tumca farul

brwyinvalebas atareben), qoxSive aRmoaCens mas abesalomi. arwivis (Tu

daTvis) gazrdili eTeri ki araTu ar Sobila qoxSi, aramed adamianTa sazogadoebaSic ar gazrdila. mas arc dedisgan (sad aris misi deda?)

ucnaurad gamogzavnili brwyinvale samoseli da oqros qoSi aqvs. misi

didebulebis erTaderTi niSani misi bunebrivi Tmaa. eTeri tyeSia gazrdili da tyeSive waawydeba mas sanadirod gamosuli abesalomi.

amrigad, es varianti sagrZnoblad SekumSulia. gza eTerisa Tavisi adgilsamyoflidan mefis sasaxlemde ukiduresad Semoklebulia. magram

raoden grZelia gza imisaTvis, visac arasodes unaxavs adamianTa

sazogadoeba! man unda daZlios is manZili, romelic Zevs tyidan sasaxlemde.

am eTeris silamaze pirvelqmnili, bunebrivi silamazea, risi niSani

grZeli Tmebia, eTeris erTaderTi Sesamoseli; mas esaWiroeba Semosva da abesalomi Semosavs kidec mas; Semosavs, raTa SesaZlebeli gaxdes misi

sasaxleSi Seyvana. amave dros Sesamoseli abesalomis ZRvenia,

sasZlosaTvis TiTqos saqorwino niSnad mirTmeuli, analogiurad dedisagan nawyalobevi saCuqrisa, rogorc mziTvisa. im variantSi, sadac

eTeri arwivis gazrdilia, gamzrdeli arwivi itacebs misTvis Sesamosels

da mosavs mas. socialur dapirispirebas, romelsac gazRaprebul variantebSi qmnis

eTeris warmoSoba, anu dapirispirebas qoxsa da sasaxles Soris, variantTa

am wreSi enacvleba dapirispireba tyesa da sasaxles Soris. TavisTavad es aris kerZo SemTxveva fundamenturi dapirispirebisa bunebasa da

kulturas Soris, rac SeiZleba RvTis qmnilebasa da adamianis qmnilebas

Soris dapirispirebaSi gadaizardos. aq erTmaneTis pirispir dganan ara mxolod vaJi da qali, aramed arsebani, romlebic yofierebis gansxvavebul

sferoebs ekuTvnian. aq iseTive dapirispirebaa abesalomsa da eTers Soris, rogorc

`gilgameSianis~ SamxaTsa da enqidus Soris, oRond rolebi Secvlili

aqvs qal-vaJs: Tu `gilgameSianSi~ enqidu-vaJi bunebas ganasaxierebs, SamxaTi-qali _ kulturaa, romelic urbanistul centrs warmoadgens,

èTerianSi~ – qalia buneba, vaJi _ kultura. sagulisxmoa, rom Sexvedra

qal-vaJs Soris sanadiro adgilebSi xdeba, rogorc Cvens, ise aqadur eposSi. rogorc `gilgameSianSi~ usaxelo monadire gadis sanadirod

udabnoSi da mihyavs qali SamxaTi, uruqis kulturis gamomxatveli da

matarebeli, raTa veluri enqidu Seityuos uruqSi, aziaros mis sazogadoebas, kulturas, aseve iqceva abesalomi.

gauxedneli da gaxednili – es dapirispirebac erTi kerZo SemTxvevaa

im Zireuli dapirispirebisa, bunebasa da kulturas Soris rom arsebobs. homerosi gauxednels uwodebs qalwuls, romelic ar Sebmula saqorwino

uRelSi. niSandoblivia, rom sacolis mopoveba tyeSi xdeba: abesaloms

eTeri mihyavs sasaxleSi, rogorc nanadirevi, monadirebuli. bunebrivad JRers saqorwino simRera:

movdivarT, mogvixaria,

mogvyavs dedali xoxobi...

es, SesaZlebelia, abesalomis simRera yofiliyo, rogorc monadirisa –

masSi erTiandeba mefe da monadire. monadire xom, Cveulebriv, imaze

mniSvnelovans moinadirebs, risTvisac sanadirod gadis (Sdr. farnavazis aRmoCena tfilisis RirRalebSi, mirian mefis gansacdeli TxoTis mTaze).

murmani èTerianis~ specifikas, mis individualobas, rogorc Tqmulebisa, qmnis

murmani. mis gareSe abesalomisa da eTeris ambavi zRaprad darCeboda. mas gahyavs zRapris sivrcidan eTeri da abesalomi. igi uxsnis maT gzas sxva

dasasrulisken. murmania, romelic eSmakis manqanebiT gardaiqmnis Tavs Cvens Tvalwin da gardaqmnis abesalomsac, Seucvlis adgils eTersac.

murmanis tipi unikaluria qarTul folklorSi, mis gamo eTeric da

abesalomic iZenen unikalobas da isini erTgvarad axali, moulodneli saxiT warmogvidgebian. maTi namdvili, sakuTrivi cxovreba murmanis

gamoCeniT iwyeba. murmani ar aris ubralo antagonisti, romelic

jadosnur zRaparSi gamoCndeba xolme mTavari gmiris gzaze. mas Tavisi mkveTri individualoba, Tavisi Sinagani samyaro, Tavisi cxovreba, Tavisi

mizani aqvs. is damoukidebeli personaJia, is TiTqos abesalomis ymaa,

magram eTeris `mopovebis~ Semdeg arc ymas hgavs – is sruliad avtonomiuri xdeba Tavis samflobeloSi, sadac abesaloms verc ki

miesvleba.

murmani, Tu zRapris eTosidan gamovalT, dedinacvlis asulis erTgvari

gamoZaxilia: Tu eTeris gverdiT arsebobs crugmiri (crueTeri), romelsac

eTerobas akisreben, abesalomsac aRmoaCndeba crugmiri (cruabesalomi) murmanis saxiT. murmanis siyvaruli `Zlieria sikvdiliviT~, da Suri misi

`sastikia jojoxeTiviT~ (`qebaTa qeba~). aseTi siyvaruli uCveuloa zRaprisaTvis da sazogadod folkloruli prozisaTvis. is gulisxmobs

pirovnebas, individualobas, rac aseve ucxoa folklorisTvis. murmani

siyvarulisaTvis suls mihyidis eSmaks, mihyidis imas, rac misi erTaderTi ganuyofeli sakuTrebaa. suls gascems imis sanacvlod, rac mas ar

ekuTvnis da kanonierad ver moipovebs. aq problema imdenad zneobrivi ar

aris, ramdenadac egzistencialuri. siyvarulis sagnis mosapoveblad murmani mzad aris `sxvad~ iqces, ̀ gardasxvavdes~, radgan iseTi, rogoric

is àmJamad~ aris, ver daeufleba eTers. is usaTuod eSmakTan unda iyos

wilnayari, rom SeuZlebeli SeZlos: daepatronos imas, rac mas ar ekuTvnis. aq SeiZleba gavixsenoT wmida saganZuris miTosi: rogorc ganZis

mparavi xdeba àntimsxverplis~ Semwirveli – usurmagi cxovelis sisxls miasxurebs ganZs, raTa waarTvas mas misi mfarveli siwmide da

uvnebelhyos xelyofisaTvis [7, 253], ase iqceva murmanic: fetvi mis xelSi

is magiuri saSualebaa, romliTac igi saxes ucvlis eTers, raTa TavisTvis, rogorc aw ukve eSmakeulisTvis, xelmisawvdomi gaxados.

murmani-yma eTeris xelSi CagdebiT ar SeiZleba, ar ganicdides

upiratesobas, magram efemeruls, ueTerod darCenili abesalomis mimarT, ueTerod, romelic misi sicocxlis mizani iyo. is gamoixateba Tundac

mimarTvaSi `ras kiTxulob, caTasworo...~ es upiratesoba unda hbadebdes

ymaSi hubriss da, sabolood, mcdelobas ierarqiuli Tanasworobis

mopovebisa. is eTerma unda aiyvanos abesalomis safexurze (rogorc

TinaTins ahyavs avTandili taxtze, an nestans – tarieli). magram eTeri ar

nebdeba mas, eTeri ar aris misi, is mainc abesalomisaa. suli – anima, romliTac is eTeris siyvaruls moi povebda, gayiduli aqvs da

veRarasodes daibrunebs. mas aRar gaaCnia sulis is unari, romliTac

SesaZlebelia siyvaruli. rogorc abesalomia RvTis ficiT samudamod Sekruli eTerTan, ase murmania samudamod Sekruli eSmakis ficiT. amis

Semdeg mas ar unda ukvirdes, rom eTeris daufleba mas ar SeeZleba. `Seni

bralia, eTero, mzis qoniT CrdilSi bereba, Sen amikrZale is wesi, rac col-qmarT Seefereba~, wuxs murmani. eTeri misTvis kvlav miuwvdomelia.

murmani cocxliv jojoxeTSia: wvavs survili, magram ver isrulebs

sawadels. flobs ganZs da verc flobs, ver tkbeba misi qonebiT, radgan suli dakarguli aqvs.

ra SerCa murmans? hubrisi, siampartavne. ar aris SemTxveviTi, rom

abesalom-murmanis dialogSi abesalomi `caTasworad~ iwodeba ymis mier. `ras hkiTxulob, caTasworo...~ pasuxi ampartavnulia, magram is gamoxatavs

obieqtur mdgomareobas: abesalomi caTasworia. murmani ver moitacebs

abesalomis am Rirsebas, rogorc eSmaki ver Seswvdeba cas. arsebobs Canaweri, sadac abesalomis sakuTari saxeli `caTasworia~. murmanma icis,

rom caTaswors ver gauswordeba da es aris misi bediswera.

aris kidev sxva niSani hubrisisa. murmanis `brolis cixis~ aRweriloba

migvaniSnebs, rom murmani, msaxuri, gamzadebulia mefobis misataceblad. is yvelafers flobs, rom Seiqnas mefe, garda erTisa, romelic gadamwyvetia:

es aris eTeri. misi dauflebis gareSe is mefobis maradi maZiebeli an

uzurpatori iqneba (amitom ver eufleba indoeTis taxts unestanod darCenili tarieli). mas aqvs cixe, magram ar hyavs dedofali, romelmac

es cixe samefo sasaxled unda aqcios. Tumca taxtis daufleba ar aris murmanis mizani _ is mijnuria anu siyvaruliT Sepyrobili, rogorc

tarieli, romelsac nestanis gadakargvis Semdeg aRar gaxsenebia Tavisi

kanonieri ufleba samefoze.

`brolis cixes~ aqvs sxva aspeqtic. mis SenebaSi mJRavndeba hubrisis ukiduresi saxe, uaresi, vidre amqveyniuri siuzerenis mimarT ampartavnoba

da janyis samzadisia.

`kargad ici, brolis cixe rogor camdi maRalia...~

`brolis cixis~ daxasiaTeba – `camdis maRali~, ̀ cas wveri miubjenia~,

`wveri camdis maRalia~, ̀ cis wveramdi amigia~ – mowmobs misi amSeneblis ampartavnobas ara mxolod Tavisi siuzerenis mimarT, aramed janysac cis

winaaRmdeg. `babilonis godlis~ am miTologemas qarTul folklorSi

gamoZaxili aqvs: `camdis maRali~ cixisa Tu koSkis maSenebelni RvTis risxvas daiTeven~ [7, 176]. aseve Serisxulia RvTisagan murmanic:

eSmakisaTvis sulis miyidva da `camdis maRali cixis~ ageba uRvTo saqmis ori, erTmaneTis Semavsebeli, gamoxatulebaa.

arsebobs murmanis vinaobis gansxvavebuli interpretacia. kiTxva asea

dasmuli: rogori unda yofiliyo literaturuli èTeriani~ da misi

gmiri murmani? r. CxeiZe [9] amodis ra ZiriTadad swori varaudidan, rom

èTerianis~ epikuri sxeuli dazianebulia, askvnis, rom `yvelaze Zlier

albaT murmanis saxe dazianda~. igi xalxuri versiebis werilobiT dedanSi varaudobs murmans, rogorc `Rirseul pirovnebas~, faustis

monaTesaves, visTvisac `siyvarulis srulyofili gancda~ samyaros

saidumloTa Secnobis tolfasia, adamians, romelic àmaRlebul mizans mieltvis~, gmirs, romelic ìqneb uSualod Seeba gveleSaps, iqneb

sikvdilis wylebi gadalaxa~ da a.S. magram, vikiTxoT, Tu arseboben folklorSi an literaturaSi amgvari ekleqturi gmirebi? Tu aris

warmosadgeni gveleSapmebrZoli gmiri, qalwulis gamomxsneli, romelic

siyvarulis mosapoveblad, gamoxsnili qalwulis gulis gasaRebad suls uTmobs boroteuls, romelic wesiT misi antagonisti unda iyos? an Tu

Cans raime kvali xalxur CanawerebSi murmanis fausturi Ziebisa?

garda amisa: siyvaruli Rrmadpirovnuli grZnobaa, miTosuri gmiris Sinagani samyarosgan igi Sors aris. gveleSapmebrZolni siyvarulisTvis

ar ibrZvian, arc amirani itacebs siyvarulisTvis yamars.

Tu miznad davisaxavT murmanis reabilitacias, _ àdamiani, visac aseTi siyvarulis unari Seswevs, SeuZlebelia daclili iyos sulierebisagan~,

amisaTvis sruliadac ar aris aucilebeli misi gadayvana sapirispiro

JanrSi, misi heroizacia an faustur paradigmaSi Casma im personaJis saxiT, romelic siyvarulSi eZebs wuTisoflis saidumlos amocnobas.

bolos da bolos, murmani mxolod nawarmoebis gmiria, is `teqstis tyvea~

da ara realuri piri, romlis Sinagan samyaroSi axal-axali moulodneli Tvisebebis aRmoCena SegveZlos. misi ambavi Cven erTaderTi wyarodan _

xalxuri Canawerebidan viciT da ufleba ar gvaqvs, ar miviRoT is

ganaCeni, romelic gamotanilia mis mimarT da Cawerilia mis tragikul biografiaSi _ teqstSi. saeWvoa, literaturuli èTerianis~ avtors sxva

ganaCeni gamoetanos misTvis. Tumca `TanagrZnobac~ SeiZleba da `gulwrfeli siyvarulic~ (rogorc jon miltonis `dakargul samoTxeSi~

mojanye da dacemuli angelozis mimarT), radgan samudamod daiRupa

adamianis suli, Casafrebulma mterma izeima RvTis xatze gamarjveba. magram arc Cveni sinanuli, arc TanagrZnoba arafers Secvlis mis bedSi,

radgan Tavad ara aqvs sinanuli. xalxuri versia Cven gvafrTxilebs

murmanis magaliTiT. Tumca is ar eweva SiSvel moralizebas, ar gvaswavlis Wkuas. is gvafrTxilebs swored ise, rogorc RvTis xma

afrTxilebda pirvel kacismkvlels: `codva Casafrebulia karTan: Senken

aqvs mas ltolva, Sen ki ibatone masze~ (dab. 4:7). Tu es sityvebi ar

gauqmebula araTu am Cvens yovlisdamtev da yovlismosalodnel

saukuneSi (eonSi) cocxali adamianebis mimarT, aramed teqstebSi, siuJetur

droSi CaketilTa mimarTac, maSin Tu eyofa visme moraluri Zala,

Seecados murmanis apologias im argumentiT, rom mas àseTi siyvarulis unari Seswevs~?

r. CxeiZe fiqrobs, rom gardareul siyvaruls SeuZlia gamoisyidos

danaSauli, romelic adamianma Caidina sulis winaSe. magram Tu suli daiRupa, rogorRa icocxlos siyvarulma? suli, romelic aris RvTis

naperwkali adamianSi, xolo `RmerTi aris siyvaruli~? da `rai miscis

kacman nacvlad sulisa Tvisisa?~ (m. 16:26).

bolos da bolos, is savaraudo Txzuleba, davarqvaT mas àmbavi murmanisa~, Tu is SuasaukuneebSi daiwera, xom qristianul zneobriv da

esqatologiur mrwamsze iqneboda dafuZnebuli. analogiisTvis ar

gamodgeba j. miltonis `dakarguli samoTxe~, sadac mojanye angelozi reabilitirebulia, Sewyalebulia adamianis mier. misi avtori ùgebs~ mas

adamianuri poziciidan. magram es nawarmoebi ar ekTvnis Suasaukuneebs, is

protestantuli epoqis nayofia, romlis msgavsi ar Seqmnila aRmosavleT saqristianoSi.

eSmakisTvis sulis miyidvis aqtis zneobrivi Sefaseba mxolod

qristianobaSia SesaZlebeli. am aqtSi, romlis ZaliTac sabolood daiRupa suli, SeuZlebelia Rirsebis raime kvalis danaxva: `Rirsebis is

sxivi, rasac murmans sakuTari sulis gawirva sZens...~ TiTqos es sakuTreba Cveni mopovebuli iyos, rom SegveZlos misi gawirva. an TiTqos aq murmanis saqcielSi igulisxmebodes moyvasisTvis sulis (sicocxlis) gawirva,

rasac qriste siyvarulis umaRles gamoxatulebad uTvlis adamians.

ùfrois amisa siyvaruli aravis aqvs, raiTa suli Tvisi dadvas megobarTa

TvisTaTvis~ (i. 15:13). Tu udevs wili aq naxseneb siyvaruls im siyvarulTan, risTvisac murmani swiravs Tavis suls? an am gawirvas Tu

aqvs raime saerTo im TavganwirvasTan, rasac macxovari axsenebs adamians?

(isic unda iTqvas, rom aq `suli~ niSnavs ara im nawils adamianisas, romelic SeiZleba eSmakis kerZi gaxdes, aramed sicocxles).

murmani ukve, dResve (eSmakeuli vadis gasvlamde) jojoxeTSia: ndoma

aqvs, swvavs survili, magram ver eweva survils... eSmakma gaacura murmani. suli gamostyua, siyvaruli ki ver moapovebina, radgan eSmaki is arseba ar

aris, romelsac siyvarulis gacema SeeZlos. murmanis survili

ganuxorcielebeli rCeba. eTeri misTvis sikvdilSic miuwvdomelia. mis saflavze amosuli ekali usiyvarulobis niSania. es aris murmanis

tragedia, rasac araferi eSveleba: flobs ganZs da verc flobs.

dabolos, SeiZleba iTqvas aseT murmanze, _ sxva murmans ki ar icnobs folklori, _ rom man `srulyofilad ganicada siyvaruli~? [9, 49].

abesalomi im dialogis Semdeg, mas mere, rac murmanisgan abesalomma eTerze

moismina – mis simrTeleze, silamazeze da miuwvdomlobaze, rom eTers brolis koSkSi daubrundeba Tavisi silamaze, romelic saqorwilo

taxtze mjdomares fetvma daufara, rogorc adre konkebi faravda, –

abesalomi sneuldeba. is ar hgavs im abesaloms, galaRebuls, sanadirod gasuls, eTeris momnadirebels. axla is sneulia mijnurobiT, sawadelis

miuwvdomlobiT, sasurvelis `ver-mixvdomisa wyeniTa~. sad aris

gamosavali, xsna, gankurneba? erTaderTi, rasac am dros tradiciuli eposi da cxovreba sTavazobs sasomixdil mijnurs, sasurvelis motacebaa.

magram èTerianSi~ es ar xerxdeba. eposi sabolood emijneba zRapars, sadac gasaWirSi Cavardnil gmirs meyseulad evlineba Semwe. abesaloms

ar gamouCnda Semwe, romelic mas moatacebinebda an Tavad moutacebda

eTers.

wuTisoflis tyeSi abesalomma hpova Tavisi cali – anima, magram dakarga igi. da misi es mdgomareoba tragikulia: sjobda, yvelaferi

sizmari yofiliyo! abesalomi gviCvenebs anima-dakarguli adamianis saxes.

is ganaxevrebulia, is calia mxolod da, rogorc mxolod cali, ganwirulia dasaRupavad. is tarielis mdgomareobaSia. tarielma icis,

rom arsebobs anima, magram ar icis misi adgilsamyofeli, misi mopovebis gzebi da itanjeba. abesalomma Tumca icis eTeris samyofeli, magram mas

ara aqvs misi dabrunebis saxsari da kvdeba. nestani da eTeri – oriveni

miudgomel koSkSi arian sasiZos molodinSi gamoketilni. oriveni unda moelodnen mxsnels. marTalia, nestanis werili iuwyeba, rom mas imedi ara

aqvs am wuTisofelSi tarielTan Sexvedrisa, magram eposis logikiT, igi

tarielma unda ixsnas. es mis bedSia Cawerili. magram ra dReSia eTeri? eTeric elis mxsnels, magram mas, vinc mxsneli unda iyos, ar ZaluZs misi

gamoxsna `gardaqajuli~ murmanis koSkidan. is Tumca ar mdebareobs

sadRac dasakargavSi, aramed aqvea, misi sasaxlis mezoblad, magram es mezobloba, es siaxlovea swored, `siSoris siaxlove~, rom aaskecebs

abesalomis mwuxarebas, TvalnaTliv aCvenebs ra mis uZlurebas.

aseTi uZluri iyo didxans tarieli da dasasruli ar uCanda mis urvas. is daRupuli iyo am usasrulo wuxilSi. am udabnom, am

kideganobam, am sulierma depresiam – mis yoveldRiur yofaSi daisadgura,

Seiqna misi wesi cxovrebisa, romelic misi buneba xdeboda, rom avTandils ar moeswro.

tariels gamouCndeba Semwe, romelic mis nacvlad eZebs mis dakargul

satrfos. is akeTebs imas, risi gakeTebac tariels Tavis mdgomareobaSi ar SeuZlia.

erTaderTi Semwe, vinc unda Seweoda abesaloms dakarguli eTeris

dasabruneblad (warmovidginoT, rom is qajebs hyavs motacebuli), sxva vin SeiZleba yofiliyo, Tu ara murmani. is aris misi yma, qveSevrdomi, veziri.

vezirma unda uSvelos mas siyvarulSi, radgan mefis siyvaruli da

yvelaferi, rac mas mosdevs, rogorc Sedegi (qorwili, Zeoba), saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis movlenebia da maRla dgas veziris

piradul bednierebaze.

magram veziri abesalomisa aris misi ubedurebis wyaro. Tu zRapris eniT vilaparakebT, murmani abesalomisTvis crugmiria, romelic itacebs

mTavari gmiris monapovars da surs, misi pirovnebac miiTvisos. murmani

antigmiria: tradiciuli eposis kuTxidan Tu SevxedavT mis saqciels, is sCadis imis sawinaaRmdegos, rasac gmiri unda sCadiodes. gmiri unda

aTavisuflebdes koSkidan mzeTunaxavs, murmani ki amwyvdevs mas. tyve

moelis mxsnels da mxsnelic Tavis droze moevlineba mas. es gardauvali wesia. magram èTeriani~ imiT aris gansakuTrebuli, rom is arRvevs am

wess: datyvevebul eTers ar hyavs gamomxsneli, metic: is namdvilad ar moelis mas. iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom murmanma eSmakis SemweobiT ara

mxolod eTeri daaziana, aramed abesalomic. eTerTan erTad abesaloms

waerTva mxneobac, waerTva is, rasac rusTaveli erT-erT pirobad uyenebs

WeSmarit mijnurs: `daTmoba, mZleTa mebrZolTa mZleoba~. abesalomi aRar

aris is mijnuri, romelsac siyvarulis Zala aZlevs sagmiro aqtis

Cadenis stimuls. is daZabunebulia xorcielad da sulierad. es siZabune, SeiZleba vifiqroT, eSmauri qmedebis Sedegia.

ratom moxda ase?

ase moxda, radgan abesalomi dahyva, Tumca Tavisda uneburad, eSmakis nebas. Tavisi arCevaniT saSualeba misca eSmaks misi jojoxeTuri gegmis

gansaxorcieleblad. `vis gindaT qali eTeri?~ – swored am sityvebs, romlebic abaTileben tyeSi micemul saSinel fics, moeloda misgan

eSmaki. abesalomi ar aris eSmakis tyve, rogorc murmani, magram is

dasjilia imisaTvis, rom ar eyo Tmena eSmakis ganzraxvis CasafuSavad. es iyo Cavardna abesalomis nebaSi. murmanis xeliT Semodis gansacdeli

abesalomisTvis. gansacdelis winaSe dgas ara mxolod murmani, romelsac,

rogorc Tavisufali nebis matarebels, SeeZlo uari eTqva eSmakis rCevaze, aramed abesalomic, romelsac aseve SeeZlo ar daeTmo eTeri.

magram abesalomi Tmobs eTers, gansacdelSi marcxdeba igi da amis gamo

tyeSi warmoTqmuli is fici damokles maxviliviT daRirebulia mis Tavze. abesaloms ara hyavs avTandili, magram mas hyavs marexi, romelic

asmaTobas uwevs mas. magram asmaTi uZluria avTandilis gareSe. aseve

uZluria marexic, magram mas ar SeiZleba hqondes vinmes imedi. ra SeuZlia marexs? mas mxolod is SeuZlia, rasac igi sCadis abesalomisTvis: mas

mxolod miaqvs misi siyvarulis ambavi eTerTan. marexi Suamavalia animus-

sa da anima-s Soris.

esqatologiuri Sexvedra

abesalomi da eTeri Sexvdnen erTmaneTs, magram es Sexvedra ar hgavs

samijnuro Sexvedras. abesalomi ganwirulia, eTeris naxva ver gankurnavs mas. ratom xdeba ase? mxolod imitom, rom eTers daugvianebia? `Zmao,

movida eTeri, TuRa gaq TvalSi naTeli!~ momakvdavi pasuxobs: `movides, TuRa movida, ara maqvs TvalSi naTeli~ (#5, qarTli). Cans, eTeris Suqmac,

erT dros muxis fuRurodan rom anaTebda, ver ixsna igi. isic Cans, rom

xsnas abesalomi saWiroebs, ara eTeri. ra SeiZleba iTqvas am damasrulebel epizodze? eTeri brundeba abesalomTan, magram abesalomi

kvdeba. sicocxleSi Seuyrelni sikvdilSi Seeyrebian erTmaneTs. ratom

xdeba es? nuTu ise Rrmad SeaRwia eSmakis manqanebam adamianis yofaSi, rom siyvaruli uZluri aRmoCnda mis winaSe da ver mkvidrdeba wuTisofelSi?

es TiTqos asec unda momxdariyo – radgan `yoveli sofeli borotsa

zeda dgas~. ase xdeba wuTisoflis sazRvrebSi. eTeris dabruneba, romelic mxolod Senacvlebaa misi xsnisa, arafers cvlis abesalomis

tragikul bedSi. eTeri ki ar unda dabrunebuliyo, aramed unda

gamoxsniliyo, unda gamoCeniliyo gmiri, pirovneba, romelic Caidenda am aqts, daamxobda borotebas, rogorc naTqvamia, rom `borotsa sZlia

keTilman, arseba misi grZelia~. mxolod es aqti xsnisa, nebelobiTi aqti,

gaarRvevda wuTisoflis sazRvrebs da gaiyvanda yofierebas absolutur dasasrulSi. is esqatologiuri Jamis gmiri, romlisganac moelis xsnas

ara mxolod wuTisoflis tyve eTeri, aramed mTeli yofiereba, aklia

èTerians~. is, visac unda ekisra es amocana, sneulia da misi sneuleba,

pirvel rigSi, nebis sneulebaa. xsna ar arsebobs Tavisufali nebis

gareSe. marTalia, tarieli uavTandilod ver miaRwevda sawadels, magram avTandilic uZluri iqneboda utarielod, Tu rom tarielis neba ar

gaTavisuflebuliyo satanis sakvrelTagan. avTandils ar SeeZlo

tarielisTvis qvabSi miegvara nestani, es ar iqneboda xsna. nestanis gamoxsnaSi tarielis neba da xeli aucilebeli iyo. tarielis xsna da

nestanis gamoxsna erTdroulad unda momxdariyo. isini paraleluri aqtebia.

TiTqos èTerianis~ dasasruli tragikulia. siyvaruli amqveynad

marcxdeba. magram misi meufeba gaaRwevs am wuTisoflis miRma, sadac xdeba gayrilTa SeerTeba. amis niSani maT saflavebze amosuli ia da

vardia. amodis maT Soris ekalic, eSmakis moqmedebis niSnad, magram

gaivlis vinme gamvleli da amoZirkvavs ekals. gana es ar niSnavs imas, rom eSmakis manqaneba CafuSulia? jadosnur zRaparSi, romelic èTerianis~

mxolod eqspozicias warmoadgens, moqmedeba im zRurblamde midis, romlis

Semdeg iwyeba axali era, uboroto da ueSmako, radgan zRapris gmirma ar datova pirobebi borotebisa da eSmakis manqanebaTa asaRorZineblad.

gayrilTa bednieri Sexvedra am wuTisofelSive xdeba zRurblTan da

isini gadadian axal eonSi. xolo rac xdeba èTerianSi~, zRapris uaryofaa. asec SeiZleba

gaviazroT masSi gaTamaSebuli drama. èTerianis~ sakuTrivi ambavi

qorwilidan iwyeba, rac zRaprisTvis dasasrulia. magram rac zRapris dasasrulia, is dramis dasawyisia, romelic mTavrdeba sikvdiliT anu

wuTisoflis wesiT. zRaparSi ki wuTisoflis wesi gauqmebulia. ra xdeba

èTerianis~ qorwilze, romelic zRapris esqatologiuri qorwilis yofiTi saxea? murmanis saxiT zRapris crugmiri aRdga TiTqos

sasjelidan da kvlav daisakuTra namdvili gmiris monapovari. aq imarjvebs, magram droebiT, is, vinc zRapris bolos mxilebulia, rogorc

antigmiri. is CafuSavs namdvil qorwils da eklis saxiT Cadgeba mefesa

da rZals Soris. eSmaki, kacobriobis mteri, angrevs aSenebuls isev da isev adamianis xeliT. is gamoCndeba zRapris bolos da ukan daatrialebs

yvelafers. kvlav wvaleba, wuxili, sinaklule, rac, rogorc viciT, iwvevs

gmiris gasvlas saxlidan, mis gadakargvas. eTeri kvlav mosapovebelia, is kvlav am wuTisoflis eSmakeul koSkSia gamoketili. eSmaki, romelTanac

murmanma xelSekruleba dado, esqatologiuri qorwilis mteria. is xels

uSlis axali cisa da axali miwis Seqmnas, mas surs samaradisod gagrZeldes dacemuli soflis JamTa dineba. wuTisofelSi is udarajebs

yovel murmans da ucdis Sesafer Jams, rom gamoiyenos igi Tavisi miznis

misaRwevad. eSmaks surs adamianis sulis xelSi Cagdeba, magram ufro metad mas surs, rom CaifuSos saboloo qorwili da samudamod gayaros

erTmaneTs mefe da sZali. magram sabolood eSmaki uZluri gamodga. man

mxolod murmanis suli Caigdo xelSi, qorwili ki ver CafuSa. qorwili dausxlta mas xelidan da im samefoSi gadainacvla, sadac eSmaks aRar

ZaluZs SeRweva. im samefos niSnebi ia da vardia, sxvadasxva Jamis

yvavilni, amieridan maradisobaSi ganuyofelni (ekali maT Soris

efemerulia, mas aqve amoZirkvavs yoveli gamvleli), da wyaro oqros

TasiTurT simbolod maTi Sendobisa.

P.S . Tavis dasawyisSi naxsenebi iyo hi poTeza èTerianis~ literaturuli warmoSobis Sesaxeb. moyvanili iyo argumentebic

narkvevSi gatarebuli iyo paralelebi `vefxistyaosanTan~. axla SeiZleba

iTq v as , rom ` eTeria n i ~ , Tuki is m arTlac literaturuli warmomavlobisaa, ̀ vefxistyaosans~ win unda uswrebdes, Tumca mis epoqaSi

unda iyos Seqmnili. `vefxistyaosani~ mesaxeba èTerianis~ replikad, imis

saCveneblad, rom arsebobs xsna, rom araTu brolis koSki, aramed qajeTis cixis Zlevac SesaZlebelia, radgan arsebobs amqveynad, am dacemul

wuTisofelSi, megobroba, siyvaruli, erTguleba. èTerianis~ sami

personaJi da erTi toposi `vefxistyaosanSi~ pouloben TavianT Sesatyvisebs: abesalomi – tarielSi, eTeri – nestanSi, marexi – asmaTSi,

brolis cixe – qajeTis cixeSi. avTandilis adgili èTerianSi~

carielia. da es aris swored èTerianis~ tragediis mizezi. `vefxistyaosani~ avTandilis gamoCeniT Zlevs am tragediis

SesaZleblobas.


1. bardaveliZe j., individualuri xasiaTis problema folklorSi, qarTuli folklori III, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1969.

2. gilgameSiani, Zveli Suamdinaruli eposi, `ganaTleba~, Tb., 1984.

3. eTeriani, ambavi abesalom da eTerisa. Sedgenili saxalxo leqsebisa da

naTqvamebisagan petre umikaSvilis mier. dabeWdili eqvTime xelaZisagan. tf., 1875.

4. eTeriani, xalxuri sityviereba IV, meore seria, redaqcia, Sesavali statia

da SeniSvnebi m. Ciqovanisa, `saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis

gamomcemloba~, Tb., 1954.

5. ingoroyva p., CaxruxaZe poeti. mogzauri., `kavkasioni~ 1-2, tf., 1924. 6. ingoroyva p., rusTavelis epoqis saliteraturo memkvidreoba, `rusTavelis

krebuli~, 1938.

7. kiknaZe z., qarTuli miTologia I, jvari da saymo, quTaisi, 1996.

8. qurdovaniZe T., eTeriani, ̀ Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba~, Tb., 1974.

9. CxeiZe r., murmanis tragedia, literaturul-folkloruli cda, `lomisi~, Tb., 1995.

10. Коккьяра Дж., История фольклористики в Европе, М., 1960.11. Курдованидзе Т., Указатель сюжетов грузинской народной сказки, “Мерани”. Тб.,

2000.12. Bausinger H., Formen der “Volkpoesie”, Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin, 1980.

teqstebi*

1. eTeri-geri

* yvela varianti moyvanilia m. Ciqovanis gamocemis mixedviT [4].

(# 18 kaxeTi)

abesalom da eTeri RmerTma SeÁyara erTferi! erTi kaci iyo da am

kacma sxva miiyvana coli. im kacsa yvanda erTi geri da, vinc miiyvana,

imasac yvanda erTi Svili. memre im Svilsa swavlaSi atarebda is dedinacvali da is eTeri, rogorc ici dedinacvalis ambebi, baraTa yvanda

Zroxis momvlelad. ramwam adgeboda, maSinve im gers etyoda, ro e Zroxa

waiyvane. erT patara natex purs miscemda da etyoda: Senca Wame, gamvlelsac aWame da aqac moitaneo. mainc ras izamda, adgeboda da

gamvlelsac aWmevda, gamomvlelsac da Sinc miitanda. mSieri rCeboda. memre gaagdo is furi. beberma dedakacma dainaxa, eTers kviritavi eWira,

matyli da saqme. bebris saxlTan wyali midioda. eTers Cauvarda

kviristavi da dauZaxa: dedi, momawodeo. modi, Svilo, Zirs Camodi, mklavi mtkiva da damizileo. Cavida da dauzila. beberma aswavla: virifer

wyalma rom Camoiaros, ar Cayo Tavio. SavSi ar Cayo da oqrosferSi Cayeo.

yvelam Camoiara. oqrosferma rom Camoiara, eTerma maSin Cayo Tavi da oqrosferi Tma gaukeTda. memre Saixvia Tma. furi miagdo da mivida

dedinacvalTan. roca gamouCnda bewvi oqros Tmisa, dedinacvalma hkiTxa:

ega ra ario? SeeSinda da uambo: eger, egre, Camivarda tari, beberma damiZaxa da iman maswavlao. memre dedinacvali adga da Tavisi qali

gamoiyvana skolidan da is gagzavna furTan. qalma Zalad Caagdo tari da

dauZaxa: he, bebero, momawode tario. – Camodio, rogorc eTers uTxra, imasac egre uTxra, damzileo. Cavida da dauzila da imasac uTxra:

oqrosferSi ar Cayoo. SavSi ar Cayoo da viriferSi Cayeo. viriferSi Cayo

da garSemo Semeertyo WuWuebi rgoliviT. ro movida, dedi, ai, ra maqo! daaWrian da mouva, daaWrian da mouva. memre isev eTeri gaayola Zroxas

da is qali Sina yavs. memre kargi dReoba modis da, rac soflebia, iqidan

xalxi sul modian eklesiaSi. dedinacvali da is qali wavidnen da eTers uTxra, is furi unda daklan, romelsac eTera dasdevda. eTeras uTxres:

varcli cremliT unda aavsoo. eTeri tiriliT iklavs Tavs, rogor unda avavsoo. furma uTxra: me rom damklaveno, waiRe Cemi kerZio da sardafSi

Caasxio. ro dakles da miawodes kerZi, Svilo, sardafSi Caasxa. avida da

adga da im bebers SeekiTxa: ra unda gavakeToo? ai, Svilo, ra unda gaakeTo. mariliani wyali gaakeTe da varclSi Caasxio. fetvi qonda kidev

asakrefi da aswavla: dauZaxe, Svilo, qaTmebsa da akrifeo. dauZaxa qaTmebs

da akrifa, sanam dedinacvali eklesiidan mova. furma uTxra, roca gagiWirdes, axade ormo da giSvelio. axada ormo da amovida oqros

cxeni, oqros qoSebi da tanisamosi. qoSebi Caico, Seajda am cxens da

midis da midis. sanam is dedinacvali mova, unda movides Sin. unda tansacmeli Caewyo, raca furma uTxra. xalxma gza uyves, roca midioda.

Seiqna qoTqoToba. gadmoxta cxenidan, daanTo kelaptrebi eklesiaSi.

mardad midis cxeniT, sanam dedinacvali mova. qoSi Cauvarda wyalSi da mivida Sin. gaixada tanisamosi da Caawyo Sig. dedinacvali da is qalic

mividnen... erTi xenwife iyo da gaatana cxenebi im wyalzeda. da nazir-

vezirebma uTxres, wyali ar daliao. Zliero xelmwifeo, im wyalSi raRac gdia yviTlada da imiTvis ara svameno. memre adga, wamoida xemwife, mivida

da amoiRo qoSi. xemwife saqorwilo iyo ra... imana Tqva: visac es

gamoadgeba, is unda SavirToo. Camoiara soflebSi, Svilo, da mivida im

dedinacvalTan. dedinacvalma eTeri godorSi Casva da Tavisi qali iq

daimyofa, rom misces xemwifes. Sinjaven da is qoSi zogs didi adgeba, zogs – patara. dedinacvalma Tavis qals fexi waaTala, qoSi didi unda,

aRar adgeba, aRar adgeba. xemwife dajda godorze da eTeram dablidan

nemsi amoyo da uCxvlita. xemwife wamoxta: es ra ambaviao. qali ki amoiyvanes da qoSic gamoadga. me eg unda SevirTo, Tqva xemwifem da

daniSna da waiyvana. Zalian didi qorwili qonda. roca mefe-dedofalma daiZina, erTi murmani SaeCvia. kargi iyo is qali. oblad iyo gazdili, mara

kargi iyo. murmanma eSmaks uTxra: netavi es qali Cemi gaxdeso. eSmakma

uTxra: ras momcemo? Seni suli mameo. rasac Ramesao erTad daiZineben, iqo buxari ari da erTi jami fetvi dadgio buxarze da kbenrad

gadaiqceva. dedofali roca adgeba, Tavs Seaxliso... egre iqca kbenrad da

ver maaSores. mere xemwifem daiZaxa: qali vis unda eTeri, qali ampartavaniao. – me mindao, meo, – daiZaxa murmanma. waiyvanes memre. erTs

sadme cixeSi Saiyvana, ro cas wveri ubjenia, da iq ari. cxra rZali yav da

erTi muli. isini yav pirisfareSad. memre imisma qmar, abesalomma uTxra, rom eTerio, ra miyoo. murmanma uTxra abesaloms: eTeri cixeSi ariso, cas

wveri miubjeniao da erTi muli yavs pirisfareSio. xemwifis Svili gaxda

egeTi avad, rom meti ar iyos, javridana. memre Tavis das uTxra: wadi da uTxari eTerisao: wamoveli april-maissao, eTero, adeqi da wamodi, iqneba

mamirCes Zma isao. adga da memre amoiRo Tavis ziTvi, dana. abesaloms ena

aRar qonda da cocxali aRar iyo.

Cemo mziTvis danao,

jibeSi zixar ganao,

amogiReb da dagisvam marjvena ZuZusTanao.

amoiRo da daikra gulSi. isini, col-qmari, daixocnen da orive daasaflaves. TaviT vardi amovida da boloSi wyaro. vinc mividoda,

Sesandobars svamda. mere murmanma Zalad moikla Tavi. imas TavSi ZeZvebi

mouvida. 2. eTeri-oboli (udedmamo, udedinacvlo)

(#9, qarTli)

iyo da ara iyo ra, iyvnen Raribi col-qmari. maT hyavdaT mzeTunaxavi

qali. am qals eTers eZaxdnen. eTers mSoblebi adre daexoca, darCa

oblad. eTerma ifiqra, me rom ar davexmaro, vai Tu Cemi mSoblebis suli jojoxeTSi moxvdeso. adga da RmerTs SeuTqva. da jda qali Saragzaze

da gamvlel-gamomvlels Tavs uxilavs. swored am gzaze, sadac eTeri

ijda xis Zirasa, erTi xelmwifis Svili dadioda xSiraT sanadiroTa. am xelmwifis Svils erqo abesalomi. eTerma abesalomsac uTxra: xelmwifis

Svili ki xar, magram, raki RvTisTvis fici mimicia, Senc unda gagixilo

Tavio. adga abesalomi da kalTaSi Tavi Caudo. orives daeZinaT. manam isini gaiRviZebdnen, qriste RmerTma orTaves gvirgvinebi daadga Tavze.

roca gaeRviZaT, naxes, ro Tavze gvirgvinebi adgiaT. abesaloms moewona

eTeri da uTxra, colad wamomyeo.

wamomye, eTero, saxlSi,

Zirs nu uzixar xesao,

adeqi, saxlSi gamomye, aq nu iRereb yelsao.

eTerma ar daujera xemwifis Svilsa da uTxra, Seni coli ver

gavxdebio. Sen didi xar, mdidris Svili,

ded-mamiTa xar qebuli, me Raribi glexis Svili,

oblobiT var daCagruli.

Sen wadi, RmerTi giSvelis, damtove wyalwaRebuli.

magram abesalomi ar moeSva. abesaloms Zaan Seuyvarda eTeri.

abesalomi eTersa qveS Walas eficeboda, Tu giRalateo:

omSi xmali moviqnio,

zed Suaze gamiwydesa,

omSi wyali movikiTxo, wyaro iyos, damiSresa,

omSi puri movikiTxo,

isic iqve gamiwydesa.

bolos eTermac daijera abesalomis fici da wamoyva colad.

abesalomma eTers Savtariani dana aCuqa (maSin eseTi wesi iyo).

abesaloms yavda erTi veziri – murmani. amasac gaswyromia RmerTi da eTeri Sehyvarebia. exla murmans unda, iseTi wamali iSovnos, rom

abesalomma eTeri SeiZulos da mas darCes. eSmaks eSmaki gamouCnda

damxmared da aswavla murmansa: jamiT fetvi dadgi karebis zemoT. abesalomi da eTeri rom Semovlen, abesalomi Tavs Sehkravs da fetvi

eTers daeyrebao. gaivseba eTeri kbenariT, ver gaaclian da eTeri Sen dagrCebao. marTlac, ese moxda. abesalomi iZulebuli gaxda, eTeri

gamoeyvana da xalxSi daiZaxa:

vis gindaT qali eTeri, me sanadiroT mivalo.

raki aravis undoda, gamovida murmani, dauCoqa da SeRaRada:

uboZe Sensa murmansa, Seni erTguli yma varo.

mokida Tu ara xeli murmanma eTers, maSinve gascvivda kbenari.

abesalomi javriT avad gaxda. aRarc Wama agondeboda da aRarc – sma. aba, xelmwifis Svili iyo, ki arafers ar aklebdnen! magram... mounda

eTeris naxva. wavida da murmans SeekiTxa, eTeri rogor ario.

murman, murman, Sensa mzesa, eTeri rogor ramea?

murmanma upasuxa:

ras kiTxulob, caTasworo, colis qeba ra rigia?

Sen ginaxavs brolis cixe,

rogor camdi maRalia,

Sig mizis qali eTeri, yeli mouRerebia.

yel-yuri mZiviT savse aqvs,

mkerdi CamouTovia, mkerdis CamoTovnisTvisa,

baRi auSenebia. Tavs adganan sami muli,

ia-vardis konania,

sami mazli gverdiT uzis, dalesili frangulia,

mamamTili ezoSi wevs,

mTel xmeleTis patronia, rom mixvide, ar migiRebs,

qali ampartavania.

abesaloms erCia, es sityvebi sulac ar gaego. is maSinve Zalian avad gaxda. ufro Sewuxda. Tavisi da marexi gagzavna eTerTan.

ade, marexo, varskvlavo,

eTersa kari uare, Tu gkiTxos Cemi ambavi,

dajeq da marTla uambe.

Tu ara gkiTxos ambavi, gamobrundi da iare.

marexi wavida da mivida koSkSi. eTers SesCivla:

sami Tve aris, mivlia: marti, aprili, maisi.

fexSiSvels gadmomivlia me sabralos samTa isi.

ade, eTero, wamomye,

Sen momirCine Zma isi.

eTerma ar daujera da uTxra:

nu styui, qalo, nu styui,

nuRar TvalTmaqcob eniTa, RvTisgan dadgmuli gvirgvini

ZaliT gadigdo xeliTa.

Senma mzema, misma mzema, visi ficic mimicia,

CemTvis mZivi, samkauli,

SalifaSi Camiwyvia.

marexi cdilobs daarwmunos eTeri, rom murmani laSqrobidan aRar

dabrundeba (murmani am dros salaSqrod aris wasuli):

murman laSqarT ars wasuli, iqidan ar dabrundeba.

Sen adeqi, wamomyevi,

Cemi Zma kargad gaxdeba.

eTero, agigeb Cardaxsa

marmarilosa qvisasa, ise Sagiyvan Sinamdi,

fexi ar swio qviSasa.

eTeri wamohyva marexs. abesalomma icno eTeris fexis xma da brZana: – eTersa aq mosvlisaTvis

cxeni uboZeT CaRari.*

– eTersa cxeni ar unda, mieciT qamar-xanjalio.

upasuxa eTerma. magram abesalomma eTeris es naTqvami veRar gaigona. is

mokvda. eTerma amoiRo is dana, abesalomma rom aCuqa, da Tqva:

abesalomis danao,

jibes midevxar Tanao,

amoviReb da davicem marjvena ZuZusTanao.

erTadamc davixocebiT,

erTadamc dagvmarxiano. gzis Zirsac dagvaRireben,

gzis Tavsac dagvmarxiano.

wyaroni gadmoskdebian, Sig vercxlis Tasi diano.

amdinar-Camomdinari smian da gvlocavdiano:

es ra kargni daxocilan,

esevec adgebiano! Cvenzeca movlen iani,

dilis niavi Sliano,

murmanzec movlen eklebi, virni sakortnad diano.

magram es sityvebi eSmaks gaugia da uTqvams:

adgoma wesi ar aris, suliTac cxondebiano.

marTlac, eTeri da abesalomi erTad damarxes. laSqridan rom movida

murmani da es ambavi gaigo, gaiTxara eTerisa da abesaloms Sua saflavi da daimarxa. abesalomis saflavze marTlac ia da vardi amovida,

murmanze ki dila-saRamos lekvebi amoZvrebian da ymuian xolme.

2-a. eTeri-oboli (udedmamo, udedinacvlo)

(#28, fSavi)

iyo erTi xelmwifiSvili da imas erqo elusameli, da imasa hyvanda erTi yma gverdiT, eSmakebTan gaficuli. saxeli imisa iyo Sereloma. is

batoni elusameli iyo, didi xani ucolod dadioda, unda colad SairTos

is glexis qali, romelic imas TvalSi mouva. misdioda xma, rom erT

* asea wignSi. unda iyos `saRari~.

adgilas erTi qali glexisa mewisqvileebTan mesafqvaved idga, saxelad

eTeri. mivida is elusameli da dainaxa qali, erTi sityviT, mzes udris, da

hkiTxa erTs kacs, qmriani xom ar ariso, da imanac uTxra, arao. wavida da dedas uTxra elusamelma:

baRdads rom uflis yana dgas,

brinjaos adga naTeli. qaris wisqvileb ubrunavs,

mesafqvaveT hyav eTeri. is momewona, dedavo,

is aris Cemi saferi.

ra imisma dedam eTeris qeba gaigona Svilisagana, gagzavna Svili da uTxra: wadi, Svilo, da moiyvaneo. wamovida elusameli da uTxra eTersa:

gadamayole, eTero,

eg Seni kabis saxeli.

eTeri:

damexsen, elusamelo,

ara var Seni saferi. Sen didi xar, didebuli,

ded-mamiTac qebuli.

me glexi var, glexis qali, glexurad Tavdadebuli.

Sen ro Seni hqna, waxvide,

gamwiro wyalwaRebuli!

elusameli:

eTer, Sens moRalatesa

zeciT RmerTimc gauwyreba, mtrisad moqneuli xmali

vadaSiamc gautydeba. ialbuzis mindorzeda

qariSxalimc autydeba.

Zalian mowyurebulsa wyaros wyalimc dauSreba!

eTeri:

am purma da am marilma, am Rvinoma vazisama,

saxnisma da sakveTelma,

gaweulma xarisama, Sens meti biWi ar minda...

ficma ra qnas qalisama.

adga da gahyva eTeri elusamelsa. ra naxa Serelomama, ro imis batons imisTana qali moeyvana, SeSurda da daibara TavisTan eSmakebi. mouvidnen

Serelomas eSmakebi da uTxres: Zmobilo, ra gindao? aba, Cemma batonma

eTeri moiyvana da amisTana sikeTe miyaviT, rom magas aaSoroT da me damCeso. aiRes erTi muWa fetvi, Seuloces da misces Serelomas da

uTxres, rom roca jarzed dasxdebiano, maSin miayare da sul mkbenaraT

aCndeba da daiwunebso. Serelomamac ise moixmara is fetvi da gadaaCnda

sul is fetvi tilada. bevri ecadnen, magram veraferi uSveles. adga da

amoTqva tiriliTa elusamelma: qali vis gindaT, eTeri,

me xels aviReb, wavalo.

Sereloma: me minda, Serelomasa,

Seni erTguli yma varo.

misca xelSi da waiyvana Serelomama Tavis saxlSia. gavida ramdenme

xani, Seiyarnes erTada sanadiro tyeSi, CamouvardaT laparaki da uTxra

elusamelma Serelomasa:

Sereloma, Sensa mzesa,

Seni coli ra feria?

Sereloma:

ras ikiTxav, caTa sworo,

colis qeba augia.

xo Senc ici brolis cixe, rogor camdi maRalia.

Siga zis qali eTeri,

yeli mouRerebia. cxviri – stviri, kbili – mZivi,

bage xaxvis furcelia.

karzed udgan cxrani mazlni, fxaasxmulni afTarnia.

TaviT uzis mamamTili,

gvelveSapis mylapavia. fexTiT uzis dedamTili,

abreSumis saceria. gverdiT uzis Tavis muli,

ciT Camosul varskvlavia.

yel-yuri mZiviT savse aqvs, Sig urevia giSeri.

ar Secde da ar waxvide,

Torem veRaras giSveli!

wamovida gamwarebuli Sina da survilisagan Zalian wuxiT Seiqmna.

dedam bevri uara, bevri awamla da ver gaugo satkivris Tavi da TiTon-ki

malavda, riTac avad iyo. undoda, rom momkvdariyo, raki imisi sasurveli sxvisa coli iqneboda SecdomiTa da Tanec imodena fics gadavida. wavida

bolos imisi deda erT naqeb mkiTxavTan da akiTxvina. im mkiTxavma uTxra,

rom roca mixvalo, erTi xorcis qada gamoucxveo da, miutan Tu arao, maSinve karebs ukan daimalevo da yuri daugdeT. mivida beberi, gamoucxo

qada da moutana. TiTon karebs ukan daimala. roca SemosWra qadasa, sTqva:

lamazi xar, qadao, wven gidga wurviliviTa,

Sagxvrito, gulzed mewebi,

eTeris surviliviTa.

deda:

Svilo, visi gklavs survili, Zils ar gaZinebs mZinarsa.

waval da imas gipovni,

wyals Caudgebi mdinarsa.

elusameli: adeg, uStaro, dedao,

eTersa karad uare, jer-ki atirdi bralada,

merme Tav Seampuare.

wavida beberi, mivida da miiWra eTerTana, atirda da uTxra:

gamamye, qalo eTero, mzesa im Senis Zmisasa! karzed agigeb Cardaxsa, sul brol-marilis qvisasa. gagivleb yaW-abreSumsa, saCrdilobelsa mzisasa, gagifen xaliCeebsa sul ferad-feradisebsa. zed Sen gagavlev, eTero,

fexi ar dahkra qviSasa. maincadamainc eTerma ver gabeda wasvla da

axla bolos muli mouvida da uTxra:

eTer, ar gebralebia, rZals geubnebi dobasa, erTi Zma myvanda, mikvdeba, yelSi gavivleb danasa, Sen Semogayri codvasa.

eTeri: ras ambob, Suqur-varskvlavo, ras filofozob eniTa? gana Sen TviTon ar ici, radRa gindaris Cemi Tqma: RvTisagan dadgmul gvirgvini gadigdo Tavis xeliTa.

gaistumra is mulica, magram TiTonac Zalian ewada wasvla, rom

cocxal enaxa, magram Sereloma aSinebda. am dros dainaxes indueTisakn

laSqari. is Sereloma asisTavi iyo da iq wasvla undoda. mivida eTerTana da uTxra:

Semixvie, qalo eTer, ZuZu-mkerdsa brolisasa, xvale laSqars unda gavyve didis indueTisasa. gadadian galavansa orRobeTa fiCxisaTa, gadadian, gadahyrian

namtvrevebsa lodisebsa. vinc iq wava, veRarc mova, vai dedas biWisasa! Cagvixocen ymawvilebsa, uCvevlebsa omisebsa.

eTeri: sami welia, Serelom, ar vici Tavis dadeba, moxval da maSin Segixvev, minda av-kargis gageba.

Sereloma:

Seni bralia, eTero, mzis qoniT grilSi bereba. Sen amikrZale is wesi, rac col-qmarT Seefereba.

eTeri:

mapative, Serelomo, jer sxvas mivec didi aRTqma.

gviRalate wamlebiTa,

RmerTma gTxovos Cemi warTma. wuTisofel damimware,

sabneloSi vzivar raTa?

Sereloma laSqarSi wavida Tu ara, adga eTeri da wavida

batoniSvilTan da banzed Sexda. Caugzavna kaci winandels naqmrevs da

gamaiTxova karzed. magram saidam unda gamovides? mTavari suli im dros dalia. maixeda kidev elusamelma da sTqva:

vin Tqva, Tu eTer movida,

mze gorTa dila mavali, eTersa aq mosvlisada

cxeni uboZeT saRari,

Tan kvici gamouyvaneTZuanaRebi, maRali.

eTeri:

eTersa cxeni ar unda, dana mieciT javari.

Sen adeq, karzed gamodi,

ro xar sulamomavali.

elusameli:

Tu moxval, Sinac Semodi,

mokle gaqvs Semosavali. me karzed veRar gamoval,

suli wavida mTavari. miRalate, qalo eTer,

Wir Cem Tavs mivec mravali.

ro mklavda Seni survili,

vin iyo Cemi wamali.

eTero, dana daiec,

CemTan Senc dasTme Tavia, cocxalsa Serelomasa

me aq gerCio mkvdaria.

cal-calkemc dagvaRireben, erTadamc dagvmarxviano,

foTolTamc mogvaRireben, miwaTamc mogvayriano.

saflavzed Cvenze iani

foTolsamc gadaSliano. Serelomais saflavzed

ekalnimc iqnebiano,

narimc amova, ekali, virebimc mosZovdiano.

Cven TaviT civi wyarua,

Sig vercxlis Tasni dgiano, Samaval-gamaval mgzavrni

Sendobas gvetyodiano.

dauTavebia Tu ara es leqsi, maSinve suli daulevia batoniSvils da eTersac dana daucia gulzeda da Tavi mouklia. daumarxian erTada. am

dros or eSmaks uTqoms:

ra mSvenivrebi svenian, isevmac aRdgebiano!

aRdgoma wesimc nu aris,

suliTamc cxondebiano.

3. eTeri – arwivis gazrdili

(#13, kaxeTi)

iyo da ara iyo ra, RvTis ukeTesi ra iqneboda, iyo SaSvi mgalobeli,

RmerTi Cveni mwyalobeli!

iyo erTi uSvilo col-qmari. uSvilod gadagebas apirebdnen, rom cols

ar aeniJa qmarisaTvis: wadi mkiTxavTan, akiTxvine, gaige, ra mizeziT ar

gvyavs Svili, iqneba wamali icodes rame, iqneba gvaswavlos da gveSveloso. wavida kaci mkiTxavTan da akiTxvina. mkiTxavma sami vaSli

mihca da Tanac daariga: waiRe es vaSlebi. rodesac mohSivdes, eg ori

vaSli miec Sen cols, SeWamos. erTic ro mohwyurdes, maSin SeWamoso da Svili geyolebaTo. gzazed kacs mohSivda, veRar gahZlo da SeWama ori

vaSli. mohwyurda wyali da SeWama mesameca. vaSlebi SeWama Tu ara, kacs

kanWSi qali Caesaxa. moiWra kanWi kacma da gadaagdo gzazed. gaigo sunzed orbma, mofrinda, dahyoyina kanWs, CahWida frCxilebi da waiRo

Tavis budeSi, erTi maRali xis kenwerozed. gaCnda qali, uvlis orbi,

uzidavs saWmels. wavidoda orbi, daivlida mTel qveyanas, mohZebnida, ipovida, sadac kargi saWmeli iqneboda da moutanda qalsa. qali dRiT

izrdeboda. iseTi lamazi iyo, iseTi lamazi, rom imazed mSvenieri

amomavali mzec aRar iqneboda. im adgilSi erTi xemwifis Svili iyo,

saxelaT abesalomi. im adgilebSi, sadac xe idga, sanadirod iareboda.

SeniSna xezed qali da Cauvarda imisi siyvaruli gulSi. midioda

yoveldRe xesTan da esiyvaruleboda SoriT. abesaloms erTi yma hyvanda, saxelaT murmani. erTxel abesalomma yelmoRerebuli eTeri ro dainaxa,

veRar gahZlo da dauZaxa eTers:

Camodi, eTero, Zirsa, mand ras uzixar xesao,

Camodi, colad gamomye, mand nu iRereb yelsao!

arao, upasuxa eTerma, me Sen colad ras gamogadgebio:

mdidari xar, mdidris Svili, ded-mamiTa xar qebuli.

me oboli, oblis Svili,

kacis kanWSi Casaxuli. Saris pirsa nagdebio,

orbis klanWiT aRebuli,

xis kenweros gardilio. Sen Seni hqna da waxvide,

gamiSva wyalwaRebuli.abesalomma RvTis fici mihca, ar giRalatebo:

zevidam RmerTi cecxlsa hyris, qveS abesalom udgeba:

eTero, Sensa am Ralats

RvTis meti vin Seudgeba, omSi xmalamoRebulsa

abJaric Camamiwydeba,

wyali uwylosa alagsa, zRva iyos, amamiSreba,

Svidis wlis gzasa mavalsa sagZali wamomiwydeba,

muxlebze nadebi Tofi

ubeSimc damibrundeba.daijera eTermac abesalomis fici, dahTanxmda colobazed. abesalomma niSnad fics erTi Savtariani dana miayola,

Seisva cxenzed da waiyvana saxlSi. murmani win gagzavna Tavis da,

marexTan, da SeuTvala: coli momyavs, oqros Tavmosniani eTeri, da saqorwilod tanisamosi mogvimzadeo. miiyvanes eTeri Sina, Caacves

tanisamosi, daswera abesalomma wignebi da komlze kaci daibara Tavis

saxelmwifodam. gagzavna murmani gzazed, Sehyria eTeris survili da hklavs imis survili. vin aris kaci iseTi, ro imodena SehZlos, eTeri

abesaloms SeaZulos da me Camigdos xelSio? hfiqrobs TavisTvis murmani.

Samoxvdeba win eSmaki murmans da hkiTxavs: sad midixar, an mangre ras dauRonebixaro? murmanma Tavis ambavi uambo. eSmakma uTxra: Sors rad

ivli, wamals me gaswavlio, iseT wamalso, rom abesalomma eTeri Tavis

xeliT Sen mogceso. wamals gaswavli, Tu Sen suls mamcemo. oRond eTeri Cemi gaxdes da suls rogor davzogavo, uTxra murmanma. maS qaRaldi

damiwereo, upasuxa eSmakma, rom Sens pirs ar gadaxval da mere gaswavli

wamalsao. dauwera murmanma qaRaldi da mihca eSmaks. eSmakma uTxra:

jvars ro daiweren eTeri da abesalomi, eTers Cumad erTi muWa fetvi

xel-ukuRma Seayare, eTers mkbenari Saexveva da, ramdenic unda acalon, veRar moacliano, sanam Seni xeli ar mohxvdebao. wavida gaxarebuli

eSmaki Tavis bunagSi da sulgayiduli murmani saxlSi dabrunda. jvari

ro daiweres eTerma da abesalomma da gamodiodnen eklesiidam, murmanma qals erTi muWa fetvi Seayara, Saexvia mkbenari eTers, aclian, magram

ufro meti exveva. Sehwuxda abesalomi, gamoiyvana eTeri xalxSi da sajarod daiZaxa:

orSabaTs Seyril mijnurnisamSabaTs gaviyareniT, visac ro Sayra gewyina, gavyrilvarT, gaixareniT! vis gindaT qali eTeri, me nadirobas mivalo?

ausrulda murmans guliswadili, gaxarebulma CoqiT salami mihca

abesaloms da SehRaRada: uboZe Sensa murmansa,

Seni erTguli yma varo.

aiRo abesalomma eTeri da mihca murmans. raki murmanma xeli moSWida, eTers mkbenari mohSorda imwamsve, waiyvana da daisva colad. eTeris

survili cecxlad moedo abesaloms, Sehxvda murmans, veRar moiTmina da

eTeris ambavi hkiTxa:

murman, murman Sensa mzesa,

eTeri rogor ramea?

murmanma upasuxa:

ras hkiTxulob, caTa sworo,

colis qeba augia.

Senc ginaxams brolis cixe, rogor camdis maRalia,


yeli mouRerebia. weli – wvrili, beWi – farTe,

TeZos Tavi dabalia, Subli – wvrili, warbi – brtyeli,

safeTqeli mwyazaria,

cxviri – stviri, kbili – mZivi, bage xaxvis furcelia.

cxrani mulni gverds usxedan,

yvela piris fareSia, dedamTili ukan uzis,

giSris dalalis mwvnelia,

cxra mazli karebs adganan, dalesili almasia,

mamamTili erdoze wevs,

gveleSapis mylapavia.

amis gamgone abesalomi eTeris siyvaruliT ufro Sehwuxda da avad

gaxda. moindoma murmanis daSoreba da eTeris isev xelSi Cagdeba, daibara murmani da ubZana: wadi, ukvdavebis wyali momitane, egebi kargad gavxdeo.

murmani gulSi Sefiqrianda, CemTan farsagi ar ariso? gamohTxova cxra

dRis vada abesaloms da wavida eTerTan gamosaTxoveblad. eTers uTxra:

amaRam ki Camitole,

qalo, mkerdsa brolisasa. qalo, algeTSi mgzavnian,

pirsa algeTis mTisasa,

survilisa qvas isvrian, monatexis lodisasa,

vaime, Tavs gagvitexen,

uzarelsa lomisasa. nu Seixvev avsa kacsa,

nurca avis gvarisasa,

wava, sworSi daikvexebs, xvevnas viyav mTvarisasa.

eTerma upasuxa:

gavixdi gamxa-atlassa, Cavicvam bamba-bumbasa,

aviReb koka-kutalsa,

wyals Semovitan mdinarsa,

arc Seval Senis Zmisasa,

arc Senis mezoblisasa.

Tu Seval, asre gamoval, rogorc da Tavis Zmisasa.

is Rame murmanma eTerTan gaatara.

amaRamdelo Rameo,

numc gaTendebi maleo,

vexvevi brolisa mkerdsa, veRar viSovi xvaleo!

meore dRes dedas da das Zalian Saexvewna murmani: gaufrTxildiT

eTers, niavsa da mzis sxivsac nu miuSvebT imasTanao.

abesalomi saSinlad avad gaxda, kvdeboda, imisi wamali aRarsad iyo.

gamova abesalomis da marexi, wava sofelSi da Civis: Zma mikvdeba,

miSveleT rame, uwamleT Cem Zmasao. iqneba eTeris survili hklavdeso, uTxres marexs. Seitane, dauwye taxtze tredis fTa, gamtkiculi puri,

wiTeli Rvino da yornis fTao. Seitana marexma da yvela es daawyo

taxtze. mobrunda abesalomi, aiRo tredis fTa xelSi da uTxra: tredis fTav, TeTri xar, magram eTerisTana ki vera xaro! aiRo axla gamtkiculi

puri da uTxra: puro, gamtkiculi xar, magram eTeris saxisTana ki vera

xaro! aiRo wiTeli Rvino da uTxra: wiTelo Rvinov, wiTeli xar, magram eTeris loyebiviT ki verao! bolos yornis bolo aiRo da sTqva: Savi

xar, Savi, yornis bolov, magram eTeris Tval-warbisTana ki – verao. marexs

uTxra:

ade, marexo, maskvlao, eTersa karsa uare.

Tu gkiTxos Cemi ambavi,

dajeq da wvrilad uambe!

wavida marexi eTeris mosayvanad... eTeri dedamTils gamohparviyo,

abesalomis avadoba ro gaego. Savida abesalomis baRSi, erTi Wandris qveS dajda da daiwyo tirili. bevri itira, daiRala da daeZina. movida marexi

da, ro dainaxa mZinari eTeri, dauZaxa:

me bani-ban dageZebdi, Sen baRCis bolos geZina,

oqrosa Rili gagexsna,

brolisa mkerdi geCina. eg Seni Savi dalali

morevisaviT gefina.

eTers mainc ver gaagona, meored dahZaxa:

eTero, Semoviare

im Senis cixis aresa.

gadmovixede, avtirdi, logini gigav mTvaresa!

es gazafxulic movida,

marti, aprili, maisi, ade, eTero, gamamye,

Sen mamirCine Zma isi.

aviReb barsa, niCabsa, davxvetav gzasa xvinWasa,

zed marmarilos dagifen, fexi ar dahce qviSasa!

iseTs sasaxles agigeb,

sul marmarilos qvisasa, Siga-Sig ficars Cauyri

abanouris xisasa,

win saCrdilobels moviyvan maRalsa alvis xisasa,

zed yaW-abreSums gadmovfen,

saCrdilobelsa mzisasa, Sig xaliCeebs dagifen,

naqsovsa feradisasa! eTeri gahyva. netavi Cemis naxviT ki mogirCes Zma

da rogor ar wamovalo. wavidnen da mividnen abesalomis karsa. qalma ro banzed Sedga fexi, abesalomi suls ebZoda, icno kide eTeris fexis xma,

wamoiwia da daiZaxa:

eTeri banze Semodga, bani da kari SainZra.

banidam Camaixeda,

sulSi naTeli Camidga!

wamwamsa da wamwam Sua

baRi gamiSenebia, eTeris mobZanebisTvis

madli momixsenebia!

eTeri tyvila garjila, var saiqios mavali.

ufalsa ubrZanebia gza viwro, martod savali.

movida marexi da axara abesaloms:

Zmao, movida eTeri, Tu TvalebSi gaqvs naTeli!

abesalomma uTxra:

Tu mova, aqac Semova, cota aqvs Semosavali.

eTersa cxeni ar unda,

arsad ar aris wamsvleli.

upasuxa eTerma. Cavida eTeri. karebTan ro mivida, ymawvili gadabrunda,

piri kedlisakena qna, mivida eTeri da uTxra:

Sen ymawvilo, besiao, piri kedels giqniao,

gadmobrundi, genacvale,

Cemi ara braliao!

gadmobrunda abesalomi da im wams suli dalia. eTeric mivida da

daekona.

abesalomis danao,

j i b e s m i d e v x a r

ganao, amogiReb da dagicem

m a r j v e n a s

ZuZusTanao. piri Cemken, tari

Senken, m e c d a g a k v d e b i

Tanao.

e r T a d a m c davixocebiT,

e r T a d a m c

dagvmarxviano, g z i s Z i r s a m c

dagvaRireben,

g z i s T a v s a m c dagvmarxviano,

m i w a s a m c

mogvaRireben, f o T o l T a m c

mogvayriano!

T a v s v a r d i amosuliyves,

dilis niavi hSlideso,

zed modiodnen Citebi,

budobdnen, bartyebs zrdideso,

zed nari amosuliyos,

viri saZovrad videso. f e x T i T a w y a r o m c

gamova, S i g o q r o s T a s i

videso,

y v e l a m u S a d a maSvrali,

y v e l a C v e n

dagvnatrideso! dahlevdes amvlel-

Camvleli,

S e n d o b a s SeuTvlideso:

r a k a r g n i r a m

daxocilan, isevamc adgebiano!

wamomdgara eSmaki da uTqvams:

aRdgoma wesi ar aris,

suliTamc cxondebiano! . . .

abesalom da eTeri

RmerTma Sehyara erTferi!

movida murmani, naxa eTerisa da abesalomis saflavi, gaiTxara saflavi

da isic imaT SuaSi Cawva. imazed nari amovida, abesalomzed da eTerzed – vardi da ia. gadaixrebian vardi da ia erTmaneTis mosaxvevad, magram

ekali sdgas da uSlis. murmanis fexTiT lekvebi amoZvrebian xolme da

dila-saRamos ymuvian...

Wiri iqa, lxini aqa,

qato iqa, fqvili aqa.

. . .kargi sityva, kargi mTqmeli,

kargi Rvino, kargi msmeli!

4. ambavi abesalomiT iwyeba

(#15, kaxeTi)

abesalomi mefe iyo. aman sizmriT naxa mSvenieri qali da saxelic uTxres, eTeri hqviano. gamoiRviZa Tu ara, im suraTis xati Caido ubeSi da

mTeli weliwadi Zebnas Seudga. didi wvalebisa da Zebnis Semdeg

abesalomma ipova eTeri erTi soflis bolos wylisa pirsa. im wylis

pirze xuTi-eqvsi qali batebs aZuebdnen da amaT Soris iyo eTeric.

abesaloms elda eca eTeris silamazisagan da maSinve suraTi amoiRo ubidgan, daxeda suraTs, qalsac Sexeda da mere hkiTxa: ra gqvian

saxelaTao. qalmac uTxra, eTerio. abesalomma sTqva:

ha, eTero, brolis yeli, oqros saltaT moxuSruli.

ha, eTero, cxen-jorebi, afxazureb dakazmuli.

ha, eTero, xelmandili,

bolo Wreli, gaqarguli!

Tqva eTerma:

arca minda brolis yeli,

oqros saltaT moxuSruli. arca minda cxen-jorebi,

afxazureb dakazmuli.

arca minda xelmandili, bolo Wreli, gaqarguli.

Tqva eTerma:

Sen didi xar, didebuli, ded-mamiTa xar qebuli.

Sen Seni qna da waxvide,

gamiSva wyalwaRebuli.

(Wkviani iyo qali: qalwuloba raxan moeSleboda, raRa gamovidoda!)

Tqva abesalomma:

eTero, Sensa Ralatsa ra kaci Seudgebiso.

zeidan RmerTi cecxlsa hyris (fics aZlevs), qveS abesalom dgasao.

gaWenebulsa cxensa

abJanda Camouwydeso. amoRebuli maxvili

vadaSi gadautydeso.

eTeri miendo fics. abesalomma Caacva, daaxura da waiyvana Sin. qorwilis Tadarigs Seudga. qali mefurad morTo da daniSnul dRes

gadixada qorwili. abesaloms erTi veziri hyavda, saxelaT murvani erqva.

aman ro eTeri dainaxa, gulSi cecxli moekida, gagiJebuli gavarda gareT, eSmaks xeli dauWira da uTxra: Cemi suli SenTvis momicia, oRond eTeri

Cemi iyoso. eSmakma erTi muWa miwa misca. es miwa eTers Seayareo da bugri

daexvevao. maSin xelSi ro moigdeb, Tormeti xeli tanisamosi gamoucvale da isev is eTeri iqnebao. murvanma Seayara is miwa da eTers daexvia

saSineli bugri. abesalomi xelsaxociT moswmendda xolme saxes da

kocnida, magram tili isev exvevoda xolme mTel saxeze da tanze. eTeris mulebi gabezrdnen. wadga didi da uTxra abesaloms: raT gindoda

tiliani da matliani ro mogvgvareo. qveyanaze gana qali gawyvetiliyo,

Sen vin dagridebda qalsao. ganrisxda es ufrosi mefis dai, moaglija

eTers gvirgvini, gadisrola kuTxeSi da daiZaxa:

vis gindaT qali eTeri, axalTavgvirgvinosani?

wadga murvani, wauCoqa:

me minda qali eTeri, Tu batoni ar miwyreba.

eTeri gaatanes murvans da murvanma gamoucvala Tormeti xeli tanisamosi da mSvenieri eTeri isev ise mSvenobda. jarianoba astyda.

abesalomma daibara murvani da uTxra: aba, unda jars gahyveo da Tanac

hkiTxa:

murvan, murvan, Sensa mzesa,

Seni coli ra rigia?

murvan uTxra:

ras hkiTxulob, caT maRalo,

colis qeba augia.

Senc xom ici brolis cixe, rogor camdi maRalia.


yelic mouRerebia. yaWs arTams da abreSumsa,

igini xelT auRia.

dedamTili pirs ukeTebs, muli piris fareSia.

cxra mazli Tavs axvevia,

Selesili afxazia. mamamTili karsa uwevs,

gveleSapis mylapavia. Svidi wlis sarCo Siga aqvs,

SeSa da mkvari bevria.

murvanma amis gaTavebac ver moaswro, ro abesaloms elda eca, damblaT daeca da loginaT Cavarda. didxans itanja mefe da sikvdilis dRes ro

miaRwia, did das dauZaxa da uTxra: wadi, eTers dauZaxe, nu momklav imis

unaxavaTao. didi da wavida da naxa eTeri bagaSi mjdomiare da uTxra:

ager movida zafxuli,

TvalmSvenieri maisi,

eTero, Senis naxviTa Sen gamicocxle Zma isi.

eTerma miugo:

ras moxval, ras

mosisinob

e n k e n i s T v i s gveliviTa.

Tvali Zer-yores

migigavs, piri momtvreul

Wursa.

m o m x a d e o q r o s

gvirgvini,

wyal mie mdinaresa. S e n i C i q i l a

davxure

S e n g v e r d i T mwoliaresa!

abesalomma daxeda, ro da carieli movida. axla uncros das Seexvewa:

Sen genacvale, dao, axla Sen wadi. iqneb Sen dagijeroso. umcrosi da

mivida da uTxra eTers:

ager movida zafxuli,

TvalmSvenieri maisi.

eTero Senis naxviTa Sen gamicocxle Zma isi.

eTerma xma ar gasca. mere abesalomis dam moimdabla Tavi da uTxra: me patara gamomgzavnes,

moval parkis cercviviTa.

gavixdi zari-zarbafsa, Cavicvam bambaobasa.

eTerma kidev xma ar gasca da qalma ifiqra, erTs kidev vetyvio.

xelSi daviWer surasa, vinac win Semogeyreba, eTero,

vetyvi Svilsa da Zmobasa.

qveS marmarilos dagigeb, fexma ar gikras qviSasa.

asre wadi, eTero, asre modi,

rogorc Zma iyos disasa. eTero, Seni naxviTa

Sen gamicocxle Zma isi.

maSin cecxli moekida eTers, Tavi veRar Seimagra borotisagan da gamoudga.

eTeri darbazs Semodga,

daZra ficari-yavari!

abesalomma sTqva:

eTers aq garjisaTvis

cxeni miarTviT naRari*,ukan ro kvici misdevdes,

gavasqeli da maRali.

Semovida eTeri abesalomTan da uTxra eTerma:

abeslom, besiao,

javri visTvis giqniao,

* asea wignSi. unda iyos `saRari~.

gadmobrundi, Semomxde,

javri misTvis giqniao.

abesaloms xma Cauwyda da maSin gaSterebulma eTerma wamoiZaxa: abesalomis danao,

ubes midevxar ganao,

amoiRe da daikar marjvena ZuZusTanao!

abeslomi da eTeri erT dResac daixocebian.

fexqveSa wyaro gamodis,

gzaTa mavalni smiano,

TavqveSa vardi amova, dilis niavi Sliano.

murvani ro dabrunda brZolisagan, naxa, rom eTeri da mefe erTad

daxocilan da erTad erT saflavSi daumarxavT, adga, TiTonac gaiTxara saflavi da cocxal-cocxali Cawva imaT Sua. axla dResac amaT saflavze

marjvniv-marcxniv vardi amodis da undaT, rom erTmaneTs gadaexvivnen,

magram Suaze ekali amodis murvanis saflavze da ar uSvebs, rom es vardebi erTmaneTs Caekonon.

leqsiTi variantebisgan Sedgenili teqsti

maRla mTazeda wyaro sdis, narinji ferad gadmodis,

Siga zis qali eTeri, muSk-am[b]ris suli amozdis.

abesalom da eTeri RmerTma Sehyara erTferi!

_ èTero, dabla Camodi, mand ras uzixar xesao,

Camodi, colad gamomyev, mand nu iRereb yelsao~. _ `Sen didi xar, didebuli, didi ded-mamiT qebuli;

var oboli, obliSvili, oblobisgan daCagruli.

vai Tu bolos miRalato, gamiSo wyalwaRebuli!~ _ èTero, Sensa Ralatsa RvTis meti vin Seudgeba?

omSi xmaldaxmal Sesulsa vadaSic gadautydeba da cxensa gamalebulsa uzangic Camouwydeba,

wyali uwylosa alagsa, wyaronic amouSreba,

Svidi wlis savalsa gzaze sagZali wamouwydeba!~

abesalom qorwili qna, dabZanda oqros taxtzeda,

saymo sul daipatiJa, ar mova saTvalavzeda.

_ `sad aris Cemi murmani, rom aq ar gvizis taxtzeda?~ gadipatiJes, daisves oqros xaliCis pirzeda.

murmanma qalsa Sexeda, JrJola mouva tanzeda:

_ `vin aris kaci iseTi, es SeaZulos wamzeda!~ wamodga pilwi eSmaki imav qarTulis Tqmazeda:

_ `murmano, suli me mame, me SevaZuleb wamzeda~.

aiRo, suli mas misca, imav qarTulis Tqmazeda. [vici, raT qSinav, murmano, ra cecxlica gWirs gulsao.

yvelafers me mogixerxeb, Tu momcem dedis sulsao].

eTers fetvi Seayara, birna* Sezdinda tanzeda,

xamsa da xamsa ucvlian, birna avida Tavzeda.

orSabaT dila gaTenda, abesalom dgas karzeda, gamoiyvana eTeri, daiso muxlis Tavzeda:

_ `SafaT Seyrilni mijnurni orSabaT gaviyareniT,

visac rom Seyra gewyinaT, gavyrilvarT, gaixareniT. vis gindaT qali eTeri, TeTr qoriviT mwyazaria?~

murmanma CoqiT salami: _ `batono qali me mame,

Cemze erTguli yma Sena ara gyavs mTel TemSia~. [_ `vis gindaT qali eTeri, oqros Tavgvirgvinosani?~

_ `murmans uboZe eTeri, Seni erTguli yma ari~].

aiRo, qali mas misca imav qarTulis Tqmazea. waiyvana da iq dasva, sad brolis cixe camdea.

ori kvira gamovida, abesalom gabZandeba:

_ `ras amivli, ras Camivli mag Tuxarekis cxeniTa! Sen Tu Cem fics gadaurCi, qorwili qeni rTveliTa.~

_ `Se abesalom batono, ra wuni naxe CemSia,

rad gamiwbile mayrebi ucxos Tem-qveyanaSia, zeciT mosuli gvirgvini garie Cala-mtverSia!~

eTeri:

_ `ras ambob, Zmao, ras ambob, ra filasofob eniTa, ciTgan mosuli gvirgvini, vin agacala xeliTa?

_ aqamde guliT giyvardi, axla damiwye Zuleba, netavi Sematyobina, vin Segicvala guneba?~

_ `murman, murman, Sensa mzesa, Seni coli ra rigia?!~

_ `ras kiTxulob, caTa sworo, colis qeba augia! Senc ginaxam brolis cixe, rogor camdin maRalia.

Siga zis qali eTeri, yeli mouRerebia.

yeli – grZeli, weli – wvrili, TeZos Tavi dabalia. Subli brtyeli, piri badri, saferTqeli mwyazaria.

yaWsa arTams, abraSumsa, igi xeliT augia.

cxrani mulni win usxedan, misi piris fareSia. dedamTili ukan uzis, oqros dalalis mwnelia.

cxrani mazlni kars udganan, dalesili almasia,

mamamTili erdos adga, gveleSapis mylapavia, mazliswuli nadirobs da nadirebis mamtania~.

_ `murman, wadi sanadiroT, Sveli mokal, jeirani!~

murmani gulSi Sefiqrda: _ `CemTan farsagni ar ari!~ _ àmaRamdelo Rameo, nu gaTendebi maleo!

maxvie brolisa mkerdsa, veRar viSovni xvaleo!~

_ `Semixvie, qalo eTer, ZuZu-mkerdsa brolisasa, xvale laSqars unda gavyve, didsa indueTisasa.

gadadian galavansa, orRobeTa fiCxisaTa,

* asea wignSi. unda iyos `burna~.

gadadian, gadahyrian namtvrevebsa lodisebsa.

vinc iq wava, veRarc mova, vai dedas biWisasa!

Cagvixocen ymawvilebsa, uCvevlebsa omisebsa~. _ `sami welia, Serelom, ar vici Tavis dadeba.

moxval da maSin Segixvev, minda av-kargis gageba~.

_ `Seni bralia, eTero, mzis qoniT grilSi bereba, Sen amikrZale is wesi, rac col-qmarT Seefereba~.

_ `mapative, Serelomo, jer sxvas mivec didi aRTqma. gviRalate wamlebiTa, RmerTma gTxovos Cemi warTma.

wuTisofel damimware, sabneloSi vzivar raTa?~

_ `dilaze qveviT mgzavnian, Walasa ilingTisasa. or kibesa Cavla unda, saSiSarsa lekisasa,

kojoris mTas movla unda, mosarbensa orbisasa,

iq ro qvas gamoisvrian, monagersa lomisasa, momartymen, Tavs gamitexen, Tavs am spilosa Zvlisasa.

nurc Seixvev avsa kacsa, nurca avis gvarisasa,

nurcara Sexval disasa, nurcara mezoblisasa. Tu Sexval mezoblisasa, rogorc da iyves Zmisasa.

davagdeb Cardaxobasa, Camoval darbazobasa,

gavixdi atlasobasa da Cavicom bamb[a]obasa, xelsa maSrafas daviWer, zurgT avikideb kokasa~.

_ `mari, mideq, dedamTilo, nuRar mTaflav eniTao,

Tav[s] gvirgvini Sen momxade, sxvas daadgi xeliTao~.

_ èTero, Semoviare im Senis cixis aresa,

gadmovixede, avtirdi, logini gigav mTvaresa!

es gazafxulic movida: marti, aprili, maisi. ade, eTero, gamamye, Sen mamirCine Zma isi.

[eTero, Senis naxviTa, Tu gamicocxlo Zma isi]. aviReb barsa, niCabsa, davxvetav gzasa xvinWasa,

zed marmarilos dagifen, fexi ar dasce qviSasa.

iseT sasaxles agigeb, sul marmarilos qvisasa, Siga-Sig ficars Cauyri, abanouris xisasa,

win saCrdilobels moviyvan, maRalsa alvis xisasa,

[karze dagidgam alvis xes, saCrdilobelsa mzisasa, zed oqros SuSas davkidam sasmelad vardis wylisasa],

zed yaW-abreSums gadmovfen, saCrdilobelsa mzisasa,

Sig xaliCeebs dagifen, naqsovsa feradisasa~.

_ àdeqi, Suqur-maskvlao, eTersa karsa uare,

Tu gkiTxos Cemi ambavi, uar da uar, uambe.

raT ar naxam Sen darbazsa, Temirxanis agebulsa, qamxa-atlass raT ar naxam, indueTiT motanulsa?

abesalom raT ar naxam, SengniT damwvar-dadagulsa?~

_ àra vnaxam Cemsa darbazs, Temurxanis agebulsa, arca qamxa-atlass vnaxam, indueTiT motanulsa,

arca abesaloms vnaxam, eSmakebis waRebulsa!

marex-qalo, gamecale, nu Semfixvli eniTao,

Tavs aixada gvirgvini, ymas daxura xeliTao.~

erdos eTeri Semodga, ficari SeZra, yavari. _ èTeri tyvilaT garjila, var saiqios mavali,

ufalsa ubrZanebia gzawvrili, marto savali.

garSemo bevri masxedan, episkopozi mravali. eTersa cxeni uboZeT, gavasqeli da maRali,

mas ukan kvici misdevdes, tanad dabali, saRari.~ _ èTersa cxeni raT unda, arsad ar ari mavali...

abesalom da eTeri RmerTma Segvyara erTferi.

erTgana davixocebiT, erTgana dagvmarxiano, gzis TavSi dagvaRireben, gzis ZirSi dagvmarxiano,

mogvaRireben, foTolTamc mogvayriano.

fexzedac ia amova, dilis niavni Sliano, fexTiTa wyaro gamova, Sig oqros Tasi dgiano.

yvela muSa da maSvrali sul Cvena dagvnatriano,

gamvleli da gamomvleli Sendobas gvetyodiano. fexqveSa wyaro gamodis, gzaTa mavalni smiano,

TavqveSa vardi amova, dilis niavi Sliano.

Sen, Cemi moyvris danao, jibes midevxar ganao, amoviReb da davicem marjvena ZuZusTanao~.

[abesalomis danao, jibes midevxar Tanao,

amoviReb da davicem marjvena ZuZusTanao]. erTadamc davixocebiT, erTadamc dagvmarxiano,

gzis Zirsac dagvaRireben, gzis Tavsac dagvmarxiano.

wyaroni gadmoskdenian, Sig vercxlis Tasi dgiano, amdinar-Camomdinari smian da gvlocavdiano:

es ra kargni daxocilan, isevec adgebiano! Cvenzeca movlen iani, dilis niavi Sliano.

murmanzec movlen eklebi, virni sakortnad diano~.

ra mSvenivrebi svenian, isevamc aRdgebiano! aRdgoma wesi ar aris, suliTamc cxondebiano.

arsenas eposi (poezia da sinamdvile)

àrsenas leqsi~ qarTuli xalxuri epikuri Semoqmedebis gviani nayofia. igi XIX s-is me-2 naxevarSia Seqmnili. misi mTavari gmiri savsebiT

realuri pirovnebaa, TiTqos cnobilia misi dabadebis (1797), gavardnisa

(1823) da sikvdilis (1842) TariRebi – daax. 1797-1842. miuxedavad amisa, àrsenas leqsis~ gmiri tradiciuli epikuri gmiris yvela niSans atarebs.

`leqsi~ anonimuria. cnobilni arian mxolod is xalxuri mTqmelebi –

moxetiale mestvireebi, romlebic mTel saqarTveloSi avrcelebdnen

`Sairsityvas~ ukve legendad qceul keTilSobil yaCaRze, ase tragikulad

rom daasrula Tavisi cxovreba. ukanasknel xanamde mestvireTa repertuaris aucilebel nawils Seadgenda àrsenas leqsi~; asrulebdnen

mas religiur Tu saxalxo dResaswaulebze, Tavyrilobebze, soflad Tu

qalaqad.rogorc Cans, `Sairsityvebi~ arsena oZelaSvilze missave sicocxleSi

yofila SeTxzuli da gavrcelebuli. rusuli gazeTis `kavkazis~ (1846 #7) cnoba mowmobs am leqsebis popularobas xalxSi. germaneli

mogzaurisa da eTnografis a. haqsthauzenis (1792-1866) wignSi (rusuli

Targmani “Закавказский край” gamoqveynda 1857 w.) moxvda arsenas ambavi,

romelic mas germaneli kolonistebisgan hqonia gagebuli TbilisSi jer kidev 1843 wels. arsenas `Sairsityvas~ germanelTa wreSic SeuRwevia; ar

aris gamoricxuli, rom a. haqsthauzenisTvis Tbilisel germanelebs

arsenas Tavgadasavali swored xalxuri leqsebis mixedviT eambaT, ramdenadac am monaTxrobis detalebi emTxveva àrsenas leqsis~ zogierT

epizods, Tumca arsebiTi gansxvavebebic arsebobs (ix. damateba 1). rogorc

garkveulia, leqsi Tu leqsebi arsenaze 1841-1846 wlebSi unda Seqmniliyo [7].

pirveli publikacia àrsenas leqsisa~ ekuTvnis nikoloz yifians

(1847-1905), romelmac sxvadasxva variantis safuZvelze Seadgina erTi Serwymuli teqsti da ilias `kako yaCaRTan~ erTad dabeWda calke wignad

(1872 w.).is teqsti àrsenas leqsisa~, romelic dRemde ibeWdeba, p. umikaSvilis

xelidan aris gamosuli (pirvelad gamoqveynda 1874 w.). àrsenas teqstis~

dadgenaSi p. umikaSvilis Rvawlis Sesaxeb ix. [6, 45-46]. man gamokveTa eposis saboloo saxe, erT Zafze aago mis xelT arsebuli calkeuli

epizodi, romlebic erTmaneTTan daukavSireblad sruldeboda mestvireTa

mier. umikaSvilis arqivSi daculia epizodebi, romlebic mas ar gamouyenebia àrsenas leqsis~ asagebad. da mainc umikaSviliseuli

gamTlianeba arsena yaCaRis garSemo arsebuli `Sairsityvebisa~

metnaklebad amomwuravia da dRemde inarCunebs rogorc mxatvrul, ise informaciul mniSvnelobas. mis Semdeg aravis ucdia Sevseba àrsenas

leqsisa~ sxva epizodebiT, an p. umikaSvilis mier gamoyenebuli masalis

sxvagvarad ganlageba. vixrebi im azrisken, rom p. umikaSviliseuli teqsti optimaluria: TiToeuli epizodi masSi poulobs Tavis erTaderT

kuTvnil adgils. marTalia, mestvireTa repertuari arasodes moicavda

yvela arsebuli epizodisgan Semdgar erT mTlian teqsts, unda vifiqroT, rom maT cnobierebaSi virtualurad arsebobda calkeul epizodTa

Tavdapirveli erTianobis gancda. savsebiT gasaziarebelia amasTan

dakavSirebiT g. barnovis Tvalsazrisi, romelic man amgvarad gamoTqva: àrsenas leqsi~ ar warmoadgens sxvadasxva epizodebis meqanikur gadabmas.

igi Tavidanve gaazrebuli unda yofiliyo rogorc epikuri tilo, mTliani istoria saxalxo gmirisa . vfiqrob, swored aman ganapiroba

rekonstruqciis warmateba~ [5, 24]. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis

SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis literaturis institutis folklorul

arqivSi, p. umikaSvilis koleqciaSi, daculia àrsenas leqsis~ erTi

teqsti, rogorc Cans, pirveli (an erT-erTi) cda arsebuli variantebis

gamTlianebisa, romelic p. umikaSvils ar gamouqveynebia (SoTa rusTavelis sax. qarTuli literaturis institutis folkloruli

arqivi = fa. umik. 15/2).àrsenas leqsis~ gmiri arsena oZelaSvili realuri piria. Tavisi

epoqisa da sazogadoebis Svili; misi samoqmedo asparezic, cxadia,

savsebiT realur sivrceSia gaSlili – es aris aRmosavleTi

saqarTvelo, misi TiTqmis yoveli mxare. àrsenas leqsi~ sxva xalxur qmnilebaTagan toponimebis uCveulo siuxviT gamoirCeva. misi gmiris

saasparezo are vrcelia: TrialeTi, marabda, koda, TeleTi, kumisi, somxiTi

(sofeli), Tbilisi (`qalaqi~), almasis wyali, Siraqi, Tavfaravnis tba, gomareTi, qiziyi – bodbisxevi, martyofi, diRomi, mcxeTa, muxaTgverdi, zemo

qarTli, axalcixe. saqarTvelos farglebs gareT: yazaxi (azerbaijanSi).

arsenas ambavSi monawileoben da ubralod naxsenebi arian sxvadasxva erovnebis warmomadgenlebi, rac kargad asaxavs istoriuli saqarTvelos

eTnikur-demografiul suraTs.

visi Semqmnelic unda iyos àrsenas leqsi~ – qarCoxeli mecxvarisa Tu raWveli mestvirisa, igi xalasi xalxuri geniis Semoqmedebis nayofia,

masSi sWvivis qristianuli suli, gamgebi da mimtevebeli yoveli

adamianuri codvisa. xSiri xseneba RvTis saxelisa, mironis madlisa, pirjvrisa, dalocvis sityvebisa àrsenas leqsSi~ arc SemTxveviTia, arc

ubralod sityvis masalaa, arc mxolod Cveuleba an tradiciaa, arc e.w. xarkia epoqisadmi. es realiebi leqsis organuli nawilia, romelic

gansazRvravs mTavari gmiris xasiaTs, rogoradac surs, igi dainaxos

mestvirem, romelic Tavis simReras, Zveli rafsodebis msgavsad, uzenaesis xsenebiT iwyebs: `SairsityviTa mestvirem RmerTi maRali axsena~... RvTis

saxelis xsenebiT iwyeba da sasufevlis naTlis xsenebiT mTavrdeba

àrsenas leqsi~. es, pirvel rigSi, mestvireTa religiurobis, maTi qristianuli mrwamsis gamoxatulebaa. Znelia moiZebnos xalxuri

nawarmoebi, romelic ise mdidari iyos qristianuli leqsikiT, rogorc

àrsenas leqsia~. esoden mcire sivrceze RmerTisa da sxva wmida saxelTa (siwmideTa, rogoric aris: mironi, naTloba, sefiskveri, wirva, pirjvari,

madli, aRdgoma, RvTismSobeli...) da gamoTqmaTa xSiri xseneba (yovel

meTxuTmete striqonSi!) gansakuTrebul sulierebas aniWebs teqsts, romlis mTavari Tema TviT mis SemqmnelTaTvis srulebiTac ar aris

religiuri – is arsenas sagmiro saqmeebs gadmogvcems. gansxvavebiT sxva

sagmiro leqsebisagan, Tundac amiranis miTologiuri eposisagan, ̀ arsenas leqsSi~ datrialebuli suli gvagrZnobinebs mis mkiTxvelT, rom

qristianul qveyanaSi vimyofebiT (mestvire yovelnairad aZlierebs am

gancdas) da ara sadRac religiurad gaurkvevel samyaroSi.da mainc, arsena, cxadia, epikuri gmiria. amitomac misi gmiruli

biografia tradiciuli epikuri gmiris Tavgadasavlis kalapotSi miedineba. aq Cven gvecnaureba ti purad igive epizodebi, igive

`zRurblebi~, romlebic gaiara da gadalaxa amiranma. arsena gardauvali

aucileblobiT gaivlis maT. arsena amas ver ascdeba, Tumca igi

istoriul droSi cxovrobs da moqmedebs.

àmiraniansa~ da àrsenas leqss~ Soris siaxlove pirvelad aRniSna anton xinTibiZem: `Cven zemoTmoyvanili adgilebis mxolod formaluri

damTxveva aRvniSneT. unda vivaraudoT, rom mas Sinaarsobrivi safuZvlebi

eqneboda. es, erTi SexedviT, TiTqos ar Cans, magram amiranisa da arsenas mxatvruli saxeebis guldasmiTi analiziT aSkara xdeba. marTlac, am ori

gmiris cxovrebis epizodebi erTmaneTs emTxveva~ [10, 89]. Tumca avtori ar akonkretebs am epizodebs. igi avlebs mxolod zogad paralels maT

brZolebSi, erTi mxriv, borotebisa da, meore mxriv, usamarTlobis

winaaRmdeg. sagulisxmoa daskvna: àrsenas leqsi~ Sorsaa miTiuri garemosagan, amitom gmiris cxovreba realisturad aris asaxuli, magram

àmiranisa~ da àrsenas leqsis~ am adgilebis plastikur-poeturi

Strixebi mainc erTimeores emTxveva. aqac aSkarad Cans àmiranis~ gavlena àrsenas leqsze~ [10, 89].

msgavseba am or eposs Soris ufro metia da Rrma, vidre plastikur-

poeturi. is siRrmiseulia, rasac maTi struqtura aaSkaravebs. saerTo agebuleba (epizodTa Tanamimdevrobis saxiT) amxels maT siRrmiseul

identurobas, romelic tipologiuric aris da geneturic, ramdenadac

isini erTi saerTo tradiciis kuTvnilebaa. àrsenas leqsze~ gacilebiT adrindeli, SeiZleba iTqvas, misTvis arqetipuli àmiranianis~ gavlena

mxolod amgvarad unda iqnas gagebuli. àrsenas leqsi~ da àmiraniani~

erT epikur kalapotSi (tradiciaSi), Tumca radikalurad gansxvavebul socialur SreebSi miedinebian.

zemoTqmuli gvaZlevs saSualebas, rom àrsenas leqsSi~ àmiranianis~

analogiuri epizodebi gamovyoT.àrsenas leqsSi~ erTmaneTs erwymis da emsWvaleba sami Sre: 1.

miTologiuri, romelic SeiZleba saTaves iRebdes uSualod arqetipidan an uaxloesi wyarodan – àmiranianidan~. gmiris aRzeveba da dacema.

janyi, hubrisi. 2. socialuri Sre: samarTali-usamarTloba. winaaRmdegoba,

Seurigebloba, krizisi socialur niadagze. 3. egzistencialuri plani.

pirovnebis bedi. krizisi pirovnul niadagze. samive Sre met-naklebad `leqsis~ yvela ZiriTad epizodSi ikiTxeba.

gamovyoT da gavaanalizoT àrsenas leqsis~ ZiriTadi epizodebi.

I. epikuri gmiris warmoSoba saswaulebrivi unda iyos. arsenas `Sairsityvis~ variantebs Soris ar ipoveba teqsti, romelic gvamcnobdes misi araTu

saswaulebrivi, aramed Cveulebrivi dabadebis ambavs. magram arsenas

warmoSoba mainc araCveulebrivia. ar aris SemTxveviTi, rom mestvireebi ar gadmogvcemen misi mSoblebis vinaobas, TiTqos isini arc arsebulan.

Tumca SeuZlebelia, maTi saxelebi drois esoden mcire manZilze

daviwyebas miscemoda. aq saqme unda gvqondes mSobelTa vinaobis principul ucnobobasTan. gmiri amozrdilia, rogorc aisbergi – Tavis

wreSi, Tavis socialur garemocvaSi. is aris udedmamo, unaTesao, uojaxo.

mSobelTa uxsenebloba miT ufro niSandoblivia, rom àrsenas leqsSi~ monawile pirebi savsebiT realurni arian da TavianTi namdvili gvar-

saxelebiT ixseniebian (zaal baraTaSvili, sumbaTovi, makarovi...). arsenas

obloba arsebiTia, es misi, rogorc epikuri gmiris, dasabamieri

gansazRvrulobaa. obloba niSania misi gamorCeulobisa sazogadoebaSi,

sadac is TiTqos RvTiT aris movlenili. is TiTqos geria wuTisoflisa. erT-erTi varianti gvamcnobs:

rom daibada arsena, pirvelad RmerTi axsena...

es lakoniuri `Sairsityva~ amave dros gmiris maRal warmoSobaze miuTiTebs, mis saswaulebriv Sobazec da imazec, rom misi naTlia ufalia,

romlis saxeli Sobidanve dahyva mis bageebs, rogorc amirans – oqros kbili da fizikuri Zala. magram sinamdvile, rasac zemoTnaxsenebi

haksthauzeni gadmogvcems arsenas Sesaxeb, sruliad sawinaaRmdegos

metyvelebs: àrsena meduqne iyo, e.i. daxlis mepatrone tfilisSi~ (ix. damateba 1). ar gvaqvs safuZveli, rom am cnobas eWviT movekidoT, Tumca

igi ver egueba jer mestvireTa da mere Cvens warmodgenas mis heroikul

pirovnebaze.

II. baRaTuruli zrda (boboqari bavSvoba). gmiris fizikuri Zalis amofrqveva adreuli asakidanve iwyeba: amirani akvanSive iCens Tavis Tandayolil

Zalas, romelic naTliam daanaTla mas. magram es ar aris sakuTriv

gmirobis aqti, aramed Zalis mxolod pirvelCena. p. umikaSvilis `leqsSi~ arsena amgvarad iCens Tavs:

rom Seiqna Teqvsmeti wlis, mTa da bari Seajera...

magram sxva variantebSi, romlebic p. umikaSvils ar gamouyenebia, asaki sagrZnoblad daweulia:

Tormeti wlis rom Seiqna, ulvaSebma daamSvena...

sxva fragmentSi kidev ufro daiwevs misi gamoCenis asaki da zRaprul-

miTosurSi gadadis:

Svidi wlisa rom Seiqna, cxenxedna dauwesesa,ise fantams Tavadebsa, viTa bora wiwilebsa...

arsenas gamoCena saswaulebriv-moulodnelia, auxsnelia misi baRaTuruli zrdis, saxecvlilebis mizezi:

mTeli qveyana gahkvirda: arsena ram daasqela.saca cxeni gaaWena, kldeze mtveri aayena...

es is zRurblia, saidanac iwyeba misi baRaTuruli saqmianoba; igrZnoba, rom ùerTod ar daixarjvis~ misi energia, romelic awveba mas, raTa gaiyvanos igi gareT – asparezze; masSi zambarasaviT Cawnexili Zala aiZulebs amas.

III. qalis motaceba. tradiciul eposSi am qmedebas win uswrebs gmiris

ZiriTadi Rvawli, romliTac is gmirobs – es aris brZola borot

ZalebTan. àrsenas leqsSi~ ki qalis motacebiT iwyeba gmiris saqmeni sagmironi. Tumca wina epizodi (fizikuri Zalis pirvelCena) dasturia

imisa, rom mas ZaluZs am Rvawlis aRsruleba, rasac eposSi baRaTuruli

niSnoba gulisxmobs.qalis motaceba savsebiT Tavsdeba batonymur yofaSi: motacebuli

moaxlea, momtacebeli – yma, arc erTi ar aris Tavisufali. batonis moaxlis momtacebeli yma am aqtiT arad agdebs batonis nebas, eurCeba da,

sabolood, ujanydeba mas. is garbis moaxlesTan erTad, riTac Tavisi

xeliT iWris gzas ukan dasabruneblad. misi es gaWra imis niSania, rom is

ver Tavsdeba Tavis (romelic iqneb sulac ar aris misi) socialur

garemoSi, im statusSi, romliTac daibada. am motacebiT, am gaWriT is icvlis statuss, rogorc ardaSir papakani, romelmac Tavis patrons, mefes

mxevali da Tasi mostaca, riTac Tavi gaiTavisufla ymobisgan, raTa

dabadebiT momadlebuli mefoba moepovebina [2, 46]. niSandoblivia, rom sinamdvile (anu is, rac sinamdvileSi moxda) ufro axlos aris ardaSiris

epizodTan, vidre `leqsi~: `maSin arsenam RamiT gamoiyvana Tavadis saukeTeso cxeni, moitaca qali da mTebSi gaixizna~ (damateba 1).

ajanyebuli arsena, ardaSiris msgavsad, Tavisi batonis moaxles mis

cxenTan erTad itacebs.aq unda SeiniSnos, rom motacebis mizezi arsebobs – mowoneba: `batons

ro erTi gogo hyavs, arsenas moewoneba~, magram ar Cans mizani motacebisa.

motaceba motacebadve rCeba, rogorc sabediswero saqcieli, rogorc garkveuli zRurblis gadalaxva, romelic mTlianad cvlis gmiris

mdgomareobas, mTel mis cxovrebas. moaxlis motacebas TviTkmari

Rirebuleba aqvs gmiris biografiaSi. amitom aris, rom ucnobia araTu saxeli motacebulisa, aramed misi asaval-dasavalic motacebis Semdeg.

igi iseve uCinardeba, rogorc amiranis yamari, romelmac Seasrula Tavisi

funqcia gmiris gzaze da ukvalod gauCinarda. mestvireTa arsena amas sCadis, rogorc epikuri gmirisTvis savaldebulo aqts. am epizodSi

mestvire ugulebelyofs sinamdviles, romelic Tumca tragikulia, magram

ar scildeba yofiT realobas (ix. damateba 1 da 2). sinamdvileSi ki, cnobilia, rom arsenas TamaraSvilebis xelSewyobiT axalcixeSi uTxovia

qali [9, 127].

is unda gasuliyo Tavisi wridan, saxlidan, sadac daibada, zRapris gmiriviT da am gasvlis motivi qalis motacebaa – akrZalulis xelyofa.

magram am aqts faruli motivi aRZravs, ris ganxorcielebasac arsena mTel Tavis cxovrebas miuZRvnis: is daupirispirdeba batons, raTa Tavad

gaxdes batoni da Taviseburad gagebuli samarTali daamyaros (`mdidars

arTmevs, Raribs aZlevs...~). àrdaSir papakis Zis saqmeTa wignSi~ naTqvamia: `kaci, romelic Tavis batons gaeqceva, didebasa da mefobas miaRwevs~ [2, 46].

ymaSi iRviZebs pirovneba. mestvire grZnobs am gaRviZebas. Tumca man

icis (unda icodes), rom arsena arasodes yma ar yofila [7, 17], misi ojaxi saeklesio glexebi iyvnen [7, 33]. `biWo, arsenav, ra miyav, yma iyav

magisTanao! ~ zaal baraTaSvilis sinanuliT naTqvam am sityvebSi `yma~,

SesaZloa, arc niSnavdes mainc da mainc batonis ymas. `biWo~ ki namdvilad mis yoCaRobaze miuTiTebs [1, 9]. baraTaSvili aSkarad keTilganwyobilia

mis mimarT, rac dokumenturadac dasturdeba (ix. damateba 5). arsena

axalcixeSi miatovebs Tavis motacebuls da iwyebs gasvlas.

IV. brZola usamarTlobasTan. mteri `leqsSi~ rus-yazaxebis saxiT aris

warmodgenili. anu miTosuri mteri (devi) yofiT-istoriuli mtris

konkretul saxeSia ganxorcielebuli, amave dros es saxe groteskuli unda iyos, rogorc berikaobis Tu yeenobis personaJebisa.

aq unda SeiniSnos, rom yazaxebTan Setakeba qalis motacebis faqtiT

aris ganpirobebul-motivirebuli: batonma unda daibrunos motacebuli

da gauswordes ajanyebul ymas. magram is umweoa – is `qoSs ukuRma

hyris~, garbis, ̀ orTav TvaliT~ icremleba, ̀ saCivars wers~... àTi-Tormeti

yazaxi~ arsenas Sesapyrobad igzavneba. swored es àTi-Tormeti yazaxia~ arsenas namvdili da erTaderTi mteri. arsena Seebmis maT, rogorc

amirani – devebs. brZolis aRweraSi aSkarad ismis, Tumca groteskamde

CamoqveiTebuli, amiranuli brZolis eqo:

aTi-Tormeti yazaxi sul cxvariviT gadmodena.

TeleTis bolomde mohyva, somxiTSi ar gaaCera.im sawyali yazaxebis zurgze boli aayena.

damarcxebuli yazaxebic amiranul ganzomilebaSi aRiqvamen arsenas

pirovnebas:

an aris devi, lomgmiri, an aris rkinis mkvnetela...

epikuri gmiri erTxel unda amarcxebdes borot Zalas, rogorc iTqva,

mas erTaderTi mowinaaRmdege unda hyavdes. amiranis brZola devebTan erTjeradia, is erTaderTjer ebrZvis devebs, Tu iamanis mitacebuli

Tvalia dasabrunebeli, an Tu adamianTa miwa-wylidan arian gasarekni.

danarCeni brZolebi mxolod ganmeorebaa, mxolod siWarbea da axals da arsebiTs arafers sZens gmiris biografias.

arsenas yoveli Setakeba Tavis arqetips yazax-rusebTan im pirvel

SetakebaSi poulobs. aqedan eZleva dasabami mis brZolas socialuri usamarTlobis winaaRmdeg, romelic xorcieldeba deviziT `mdidars

arTmevs, Raribs aZlevs~. brZola borotebis winaaRmdeg socialur

sferoSia gadanacvlebuli.

V. Ralati. Ralati ar aris gamoricxuli epikuri gmiris biografiaSi

(Tumca miTosSi mas ar eZleva zneobrivi Sefaseba). SeiZleba is

davadasturoT àmiranianSic~ – im epizodSi, roca Zmebi amirans sami veSapis pirispir miatoveben. zRaparSi Ralatis msxverplia umcrosi Zma,

anu ambis mTavari gmiri, romelic asrulebs mTavar saqmes.

àrsenas leqsSi~ Ralats ormagi funqcia ekisreba: Cveneba wuTisoflis muxanaTobisa arsenas keTilSobilebasTan dapirispirebiT (raTa

gamoikveTos arsenas zneobrivi upiratesoba im garemocvaSi, sadac mas

uxdeba urTierToba) . misTvis sabedisweroa, xolo arsebuli sinamdvilisTvis niSandoblivi, rom Ralati `naTel-mironis~ mier aris

Cadenili; es mowmobs wuTisoflis uaRresad dacemul mdgomareobas.

Sendoba RalatisTvis Zlieri qristianuli niSania àrsenas leqsSi~. tradiciul eposebSi, aseve zRaparSi, romelTa finali esqatologiuria,

muxanaTobisTvis iSviaTia patieba. avismoqmedi sabolood dausjeli ar

unda gadarCes. es gadaxveva epikuri tradiciidan (kanonidan) sinamdviliseulia. am epizods realurad momxdari faqti udevs

safuZvlad. is momxdara 1837 wels. Semonaxulia dokumenti (gubernatoris

werili), sadac laparakia 13 bodbisxevelis oTxmocdaaTi maneTiT dajildovebaze arsenas gacemisTvis [7, 20].

amave dros, kompoziciurad da arsobrivad Ralatis epizodi ganapirobebs momdevno mniSvnelovan epizods, romelsac ver ascdeba

vercerTi epikuri gmiri.

VI. cixe-abano. am epizodSi gveleSapis motivis yvela elementia

mocemuli. arsena STanTqmulia cixis mier, saidanac TiTqos araviTari

saxsari ar arsebobs misi Tavdaxsnisa. mas gardauvali daRupva elis, ris ueWvel niSansac es Zunwi protokoluri, Tumca amave dros simboluric,

sityvebi iZleva:

sacimbirod gaamweses, cali wveri moparsesa...

ra Zalam unda moabrunos Tavisuflebisaken `calwvermoparsuli~

adamiani? magram aRmoCndeba saswaulebrivi saxsari – èrTi sawyali

manaTi~ da is qlibi, romelic keTilad ganwyobilma mikitnebma Caudes jibeSi. am qlibma sxva ra unda gagvaxsenos, Tu ara is almasis dana,

romelic amirans dahyva SobiTgan da romlis meSveobiTac man daaRwia

Tavi gveleSapis mucels?amiranis gamosvla gveleSapis wiaRidan mis meore Sobad davsaxeT.

arsenasaTvis es abanoa. Znelia Tqma, gulisxmobda Tu ara p. umikaSvili

meored Sobis miTologemas, roca abanodan mis gamosvlaze werda: àrsena meored ibadeba!~ [10, 212]. yofiTi abano iseTive wylis stiqiaa, rogorc

miTosuri gveleSapis muceli, saidanac amirani xelaxla iSva. abanos, am

sayofacxovrebo dawesebulebas, mniSvnelovani miTologiuri datvirTva aqvs miTossa da Zvel eposebSi. abanosTan dakavSirebulia marcxic da

gamarjvebac (aRorZineba): Sumeris RmerTs enlils abanoSi mostaces

`bedisweris dafebi~; gilgameSma, sabanaod wyalSi Casulma, dakarga `siWabukis balaxi~... abanoSi mokles troadan dabrunebuli agamemnoni...

abano is saSoa, sadac SeiZleba daiRupos nayofi da saidanac ibadeba axali sicocxle. abanoSi Sesuli an veRar gamova iqidan cocxali, an

gamova aRorZinebuli da Zalaganaxlebuli, meored Sobili. Tbilisis

sinamdvilis uaRresad yofiTi realia – abano bunebrivad Semodis `leqsSi~ da imkvidrebs iq Tavis kuTvnil adgils tradiciuli gmiris

TavgadasavalSi.

abanodan TavdaRweuli arsenas meored Soba groteskulad aris

warmodgenili: is ùfrosis~ SinelSi, rusul CeqmaSi da `SlapaSi~ gamowyobili gamodis gareT Seucnoblad – ìmaT batoni egonaT, es arsena

gamoZvresa~, sul es aris misi saxecvlileba, meored dabadeba. is gamodis

rogorc oinbazi, miTologiuri striqteri (oinbazi), romlis gmirobis, Cveulebriv, kulturuli Rvawlis aRsrulebis erTaderTi xerxi eSmakoba

da oinbazobaa. oRond arsena savsebiT acnobierebs am komikur situacias, romlis wyalobiTac man ixsna Tavi: `patara gamoiara, Tan sicili

autydesa~.

àmiranianSi~ gveleSapis (meored Sobis) epizods yamaris motaceba

mosdevs. àrsenas leqsSi~ es Tanamimdevroba, rogorc davinaxeT, Secvlilia (rom ar vTqvaT: darRveulia). arsenas ukve motacebuli hyavs

Tavisi `yamari~. ra elis win arsenas? ra Rvawli aqvs aRsasrulebeli

abanodan gamosvlis Semdeg? abano xom is zRurbli unda iyos, romlis gadalaxvis Semdeg gmiris moqmedebam axal safexurze unda iCinos Tavi?

abanodan arsena galaRebuli gamodis, is yovlisSemZlea. ra dabrkoleba

unda Sexvdes mas Tavis gzaze, rom ver gadalaxos? SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

arsena misma davlaTma TavisuflebaSi gaiyvana. ganmeorda is pirveli

gasvla, roca yma motacebul moaxlesTan erTad Tavis batons gaeqca.

magram aris gansxvaveba am or gamosvlas Soris: pirveli gzis dasawyisi iyo, meore ki is mwvervalia, saidanac iwyeba dacema, am dacemis niSani ki

gabudayebaa (hubrisi).VII. gabudayeba. martyofis monastris epizodi gardamtexi momentia

arsenas cxovrebaSi. aqedan iwyeba misi gaampartavneba. hubrisi, romelic farulad izrdeboda masSi, aq iCens Tavs pirvelad. aq Cven TiTqos sxva

arsenas vxedavT – ver vcnobT mas. marTlac, arsena, romlis bageTagan

arasodes gamosula RvTis mgmobi sityva (mestvire gansakuTrebiT zrunavs mis sametyvelo leqsikaze), saqmiTac qristianuli zneobis magaliTi

uCvenebia (Ralatis patieba farsadanisTvis), axla am wmida adgilze,

saRvTo dResaswaulis dRes, SurisZiebis JiniT aris aRZruli da angariSsworebisa da Seuracxyofis mizniT ganaiaraRebs eklesiidan

gamosul sumbaTovsa da makarovs mandilosnebis Tvalwin. mestvire

sagangebod, ara SemTxveviT, arc sityvis masalisaTvis, aRniSnavs adgilisa da drois siwmindes:

RvTaebobis madli gywalobT, martyofis TavSi svenia,

iq iyo misi dReoba, TiTonac giaxelia...roca wirva gamovida, imisi madli Senia.

Zneli warmosadgenia, am epizodis avtors, romelic iqneb marTlac

eswreboda wirvas martyofis taZarSi, efiqra, rom taZris midamoSi myofTa (vinc ar unda yofiliyvnen isini), Seuracxmyofel arsenasTan RvTis madli

iqneboda. unda iTqvas, rom sinamdvileSi makarovisa da sumbaTovis

Seuracxyofa moxda ara martyofis monastris galavanSi, aramed misken mimaval gzaze, tyis piras, anu ara wmida adgilze, aramed arsenas, rogorc

`tyeSi gavardnili kacis~ teritoriaze. da moxda ara iseTi mwvave, damamcirebeli saxiT, rogorc mestvire aRwers (ix. damateba 4). mestvire

am gamonagoniT Segnebulad amZimebs arsenas codvas misi cxovrebis

tragikul periodSi, miawers ra misTvis, rogorc `tyeSi gavardnili kacisTvis~, Cveul Zaladobas Seuferebel adgilze. Tavisi antagonistebi

rom dainaxa arsenam, pirjvari dauweria...

cxadia Seusabamoba am pirjvris gadawerasa da im saqciels Soris, romelic uSualod mosdevs mas. es pirjvris gadawera gamiznulad aris

Semotanili TxrobaSi. es epizodi rom sabediswero, avbediTi Setrialebaa

arsenas cxovrebaSi, iqidanac Cans, rom arsena, aqamde devnili yaCaRi, romelic imaleba da tyes afarebs Tavs, martyofis dReobis Semdeg ori

kviris naqeifari, sruliad axdilad Sedis qalaqSi (anu TbilisSi),

rogorc triumfatori. sabedisweroa misi Semdgomi nabijebi, rac martyofis epizodis bolos savsebiT gacnobierebulia:

ori kvira ToneTSia qeifebsa bevrsa swevsa,

gamvlelsa da gamomvlelsa suyvelas Rvinos asmevsa.meore kvira gaTavda, qalaqisken gamoswevsa,

mTeli qalaqis biWebi mtredis gundiviT dasdevsa.

arsenam sasworze Seagdo Tavisi bedi – TiTqos gamoiwvia naTlia, an

sakuTar davlaTs mindobili scdis RmerTs. da RmerTi amjerad ar

gaswiravs mas:

RmerTs uSvelia, arsena, amieriT gansacdelsa...

RmerTi jer kidev masTan aris, jer kdev scdis mas, aZlevs vadas am

gansacdelSi, romelSic arsenam Tavisi nebiT Caigdo Tavi. magram rogor iqceva is? mas kvlav mikitnebTan vxedavT, romlebic macTunebeli

sirinozebiviT ityueben mas:

saca miva mikitnebTan, yvela mas dauqnevs xelsa.

sabedisweroa es xelis daqneva. es yofiTi Jesti mawvevarisa tragikul

niSnad iqceva. `yvela mas dauqnevs xelsa~ – TiTqos yvela SeTanxmebula mis dasaRupavad. ar arsebobs Zala, romelic gauZlebda am xelis daqnevas.

Rirs oriode sityva iTqvas mikitnebze, am tipiur qalaqur personaJebze.

Tumca Rvinis mimwodebeli iseve Zvelia (noes Jamidan), rogorc Tavad cTuneba, romelic sulmudam sdarajobs adamians. Rvinis mimwodebeli iyo

sirinozi qali siduri, romelic gilgameSs akavebda mis gzaze da

WeSmaritebis maZiebels ukan, yoveldRiurobisken abrunebda. arsenas mikitnebi neitraluri xalxia: isini yvelas miawodeben sasmels – es maTi

mowodebaa – miT ufro iseT martosuls, rogoric arsenaa, visTvisac

Rvino, SesaZlebelia, monatrebul Wers cvlides, an misi erTaderTi axlobeli iyos. avbediTad gaismis: `daxede, is mikitnebi megobraTac

gauCndesa!~ Tu erTxel mikitnebis sasmelma ixsna arsena (straJnikebis

daTrobis epizodi), axla maTi RviniT savse tiki misTvis aSkarad damRupvelia. tiki gatanebulia, is unda daicalos, man Tavisi saqme unda

gaakeTos, mas ukan veraferi daabrunebs. am dros arsenas ukve nanaxi aqvs

is sizmari, romelSic Tavisi gardauvali aRsasruli amoikiTxa: `nebiT gamoviWri yelsa~. es sityvebi, rogorc Tavadve daaskvna, ara mxolod misi

aRsasrulis gardauvlobaze mianiSnebs, aramed im codvazec, romlis Cadenac mas, rogorc bediswera, uZevs win, Tumca TviTmkvlelobaze fiqric

ukve codvis dasabamia. amitomac am duqanSi is ukanasknelad gascems

Tavis nayaCaRars SesandobarisaTvis (`Sesandobari dalieT, roca arsena mokvdesa~). sagulisxmoa, rom erTi Canaweris mixedviT, am sizmars, rogorc

saidumlos, arsena kuWatnelTan SebrZolamde aRsarebis saxiT Caabarebs

mRvdels: `sveticxovelSi Sevida, aRsareba uTxra mRvdelsa, wuxeli vnaxe sizmari~... (fa umik. 15/2). es epizodi realobas efuZneba. v. barnovi

mogviTxrobs arsenas momswreTa mogonebas: àrsena morwmune kaci iyo.

yovel didmarxvaSi movidoda SerCeul dRes, dRisiT, moiTxovda aRsarebas da ziarebas Rvdlisagan. aRsarebis dros cxenidan erT fexs Camosdgamda.

erTi isev uzangSi edga. etyoda: – umTavresi codva, kacis kvla ar

Camideniao. Tu mamiklavs, roca SemebrZoleboda, maSin~ (damateba 3). ziarebis moTxovnileba, rac mudam Tan sdevs mas mis arCeul gzaze, iseve

rogorc misi RvTismosavuri metyveleba, bunebrivia saeklesio (kerZod,

Tbilisis ierusalimis eklesiis) glexis ojaxidan gamosulisTvis [7, 33].sizmridan Cans, rom axlovdeba aRdgoma, win aris dReebi vnebis kvirisa

– da es Svideuli, rogorc gansacdeli, elis mas. im sizmris Tema –

erTaderTi Sinaarsi `sisxlSi viRebavdi wversa~ – tragikulad exmianeba

saaRdgomo kvercxs, romlis xelSi daWeris imedi arsenas aRara aqvs.

VIII. wiTeli paraskevi (naTliis gamowveva). es sabediswero Sexvedra giorgi kuWatnelTan, Tuki odesme sxva dros Sejaxebia am kacs, romelsac wyevlas

uTvlis meleqse, ara imdenad mis pirovnebas, aramed am SemTxveviTobas,

swored am dros kaxeTidan imereTSi rom waiyvana da udroo dros

moqeife arsenas Sehyara [misi Sairsityva `gzebze sufris gadafenis~ xsenebiT iwyeba da miTve mTavrdeba], SesaZloa, wiTel paraskevs arc

momxdara. esec arsenas bediswera yofila, – ase fiqrobs meleqse, roca

aRniSnavs kuWatnelis gamoCenas muxaTgverdTan:

im giorgi kuWatnelsa gamCeneli gauwyresa,

wamosula kaxeTidan, imereTSi gamoswevsa.

anu: raRa swored am dros gamoiara kuWatnelma – sinanuli Cans mestviris sityvebSi. magram kuWatneli Tavis gzaze gaswevs. adamiani

midis Tavisi gziT, Tavis saqmeze midis. magram mas, SesaZloa, RmerTi gzavnides, rac ar ewinaaRmdegeba Tavad adamianis nebas, gaswios Tavis

gzaze, Tavis saWiroebaze. RmerTs SeuZlia Tavisi miznisTvis gamoiyenos

misi svla. aTasidan erTi SesaZlebloba gamoarCios da Tavis samsaxurSi Caayenos. `gamCeneli gauwyresa~, ambobs mestvire (TiTqos arsenas eTqvas:

es xom arsenas Cveuli sityvebia, yovelTvis mzad rom aqvs mas

sabediswero wuTebSi), romelic adamianuri TvalTaxedviT afasebs movlenaTa mdinarebas. mas arsenas mxari uWiravs. raRa swored am dros,

roca arsena, martodmarto, yvelasgan gariyuli, muxaTgverdSi qeifobs,

ufiqria kuWatnels Tavisi mgzavroba kaxeTidan imereTisken? – fiqrobs mestvire. magram kuWatnelis gamoCenaSi swored am dros gana RvTis xeli

ar urevia? gana arsena mowyvetilia mTel samyaros? gana es Sexvedra misi

gansacdeli ar aris? misi bedis nawili ar aris? gana kuWatneli misi ambri-arabi ar aris, is mkvdari bumberazi, amirans rom daxvdeba gzaze

gamosacdelad? mestvirem icis, rom sabedisweroa arsenas `nabdis gaSla~

muxaTgverdTan da es dRe swored wiTeli paraskevi unda iyos, rom arsena daisajos – gamoCndes vinme, vinc aRasrulebs RvTis sasjels. sasjeli

unda aRsruldes, magram wyevla-krulva mas, visi xeliTac aRsruldeba. ase

fiqrobs mestvire. kuWatneli yvelaze arasasurveli mgzavria am dros im kacisaTvis, vin mTel qveynierebas gaeriya. aq aseT dros viRac usaTuod

Caivlida, magram vinc Caiara, mosalodnel CamvlelTa Soris yvelaze utyuari iyo. es Cavla Tavisi simarTliT yvelaze mkacri da sastiki

Cavla iyo. es iyo sabediswero Cavla. swored amitom aris, ̀ rom mTqmelebi

giorgi kuWatnels iseTi muqi saRebavebiT ar xataven, rogorc es mosalodneli iyo usayvarlesi gmiris mkvlelis daxatvisas~ [4, 9].

vnebis kviraa, dRe wiTeli paraskevisa. am dros arsenas vxedavT gzaze

`mcxeTis pirdapir~, saidanac jvari da, albaT, sveticxovlis saydaric Canda, puris saWmelad damjdars, qristianisTvis Seuferebel viTarebaSi,

xolo arsena qristiania, qristes mcnebaTa Semnaxvelia sityviTa da

saqmiT, amas `leqsis~ bevri epizodi adasturebs. martyofis Semdeg, roca arsena `SiSvlad~, davlaTis amara, gacxadebulad Sedis xalxmraval

qalaqSi, mestvire ambobs: `RmerTs uSvelia, arsenao~. maSin jer kidev

masTan iyo RmerTi, romlis saxels is mudam axsenebda.

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT kuWatnelis pirovnebas, rom is Cveuli ar unda yofiliyo adamianis ferebas da tkbili sityvac arcTu xSirad, SesaZloa,

sulac ar dascdenia mis bages. mis pasuxs moqeife yaCaRis mopatiJebaze

stumarmaspinZlobis wesis Selaxvad an mopatiJis Seuracxyofad ver miviCnevT. ras eubneba gzad Cavlili arsenas? ras Seaxsenebs mas? imas

xom ara, rac yovel qristians unda xsomeboda? yoveli qristianisTvis cxad WeSmaritebas xom ara, romelic arsenas daviwynia? Seaxsenebs ara

dayvavebiT, aramed kicxviT da ginebiT (aseTia, arsenasgan gansxvavebiT,

kuWatnelis leqsika) da es ar cvlis saqmis arss:

va, Se sawyalo arsena, rada xar WkuaTxelia?

me dRes Rvinos rogor davlev, wiTeli paraskevia!

es iyo da es. ai, es sityvebi warmoiTqva arsenas gasagonad da manac gaigona es sityvebi. da wavida Tavisi gziT am sityvebis mTqmeli. datova

sityva da wavida. sityvis gamgonma ki ar Seismina. gana es yaCaRi,

muxaTgverdTan wiTel paraskevs moqeife, marTla sawyali, Sesacodebeli, rogorc codvis Camdeni, da WkuaTxeli ar iyo? sxva dros amgvarad

Semkoba `tyeSi gavardnili kacisa~ da SemoTavazebul pur-marilze uaris

Tqma – `Tu egre Rvino mindodes, jibeSi fuli bevria~, – aSkarad Seuracxmyofeli iqneboda. magram wiTel paraskevs, vnebis kviris yvelaze

mZime dRes? `kacad rodiRa Camagdo, raRa biWoba Cemiao~, – mZvinvarebs igi,

`kacad!~ – ai, hubrisi. aRar axsovs qriste, arc jvarcma, arc... axsovs Tavisi Tavi – kaci, Tavisi warmavali RirsebiT (`biWobiT~), romelic adamianis,

rogorc qristianis, Rirsebas aris Senacvlebuli da masze maRlaa

dayenebuli. mgzavrma pur-marilze fexi ukra, magram man Tavad? Tavad xom am dRes hkra wixli, gaTela es dRe? `kacad rodiRa Camagdo, raRa biWoba

Cemia~, ambobs is, rogorc farsadanze SurisZiebiT aRZruli ambobda: `Tu

naTlimamas SevarCine, kacad vinRa Camagdebsa~ (fa umik. 15/2). maSin man sZlia Surisgebis cdunebas.

nacvlad imisa, rom mikitnebisgan cdunebuli arsena gonze moeyvana

wiTeli paraskevis xsenebas (visganac unda moesmina es sityvebi da ra mkvaxedac unda Tqmuliyo, isini WeSmaritebas RaRadebdnen), is Selaxuli

Tavmoyvareobis aRdgenas cdilobs. da mere rogor? is unda daedevnos

garidebul kuWatnels Seuracxsayofad, radgan gaZarcvis mizani amjerad damcirebaa:

àn unda momce fulebi, an Seni cxeni damrCesa!~

wiTeli paraskevis siwmide erTxel kidev ibRaleba. SeeZlo Tu ara arsenas pativmoyvareobis daokeba, daZleva angariSis sworebis,

SurisZiebis grZnobisa? arsenas, rogorc Cven mas vicnobT `leqsis~

mixedviT, SeeZlo es. man xom ibatona SurisZiebis grZnobaze, roca Ralati apatia farsadans. es iyo misi maRalzneobrivi, WeSmaritad qristianuli

saqcieli. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am dros Sejamda mTeli misi cxovreba, gasxivosnda mironisa da RvTis winaSe, rogorc paradoqsuli pasuxi

TxuTmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi sakuTar Tavze nawvnevi umadurobisa.

SurisZiebis grZnobiT atanils – javriT Semuruli misi gulis siRrmes

xom mainc miswvda mitevebis RvTiuri naperwkali. man, TiTqos rogorc

macxovarma, ormodan amoiyvana farsadanis codvili suli. magram am zneobriv mwvervalze amaRlebuls ram ubiZga daRmasvlisken? mestvire

aRwers mis dacemas muxaTgverdTan, magram misTvis dafarulia dacemis

motivi. es Tavad arsenas Rrmadpirovnul saidumlod rCeba, romlis mxolod niSania is Semzaravi sizmari, sadac sruli sicxadiT aris

nawinaswarmetyvelebi misi bolo. raRac Catyda mis arsebaSi, azri gamoecala mis arsebobas. kerZod, ra naxa man sizmarSi? mxolod is, rom

sisxlSi iRebavda wvers, meti araferi? magram am sizmareul moqmedebaSi

man sakuTari ganaCeni amoikiTxa; ara mxolod ganaCeni, aramed zusti droc ki misi aRsrulebisa. wiTeli kvercxi mis sizmarSi mxolod vnebis kviris

dReebSi unda amotivtivebuliyo. wiTeli kvercxis gaxseneba Tu

moaxloebulma paseqma moitana, sakuTar sisxlSi wveris Rebva gardauval daRupvas – sisxlian dRes uqadda mas:

`ver daveswrebi aRdgomas, ver daviWer wiTel kvercxsa.

Tu Zalad aravin momkla, nebiT gamoviWri yelsa~.

`ver daviWer wiTel kvercxsa~ – is grZnobs, rom araTu ver moeswreba

aRdgomas, aramed Rirsic ar iqneba aRdgomis simbolos xeliT Sexebisa.

sizmari yovelTvis simboluria. am sizmarSi kvercxis wiTeli – qristes sisxli da Tavad is wiTeli, romliTac igi wvers iRebavs, sabediswerod

xvdeba erTmaneTs.

es ambavi, kuWatnelTan Setakeba, SesaZlebelia, sulac ar momxdara wiTel paraskevs. haksthauzenis CanaweriT, ar Cans, rom es dRe

maincdamainc wiTeli paraskevi yofiliyos (arc 1872 wlis gamocemaSia

wiTeli paraskevi naxsenebi). da sababic kuWatnelisgan pur-marilis miuReblobisa sxvaa: moucleloba (ix. damateba 1). aSkaraa mestviris

tendencia: is sabediswero konteqstSi xedavs arsenas sikvdils, rogorc misi cxovrebis kanonzomier aRsasruls. es ar darCa SeumCneveli p.

umikaSvilisTvis. ai, ras wers igi arsenas aRsasrulze:

ès arsenas sikvdili gegoneba TiTqos SemTxveviTi sikvdili iyoso, magram kargaT ro davakvirdeT, meore mxaresac davinaxavT. giorgi

sulieri kacia da adaTis amsrulebeli. salocavad miemgzavreba. arsenas

adaTi araT miaCnia, Tunda paraskevic iyos, Taviseburad Seeqceva. giorgi miwvevaze aginebs wiTel paraskevs Rvinos smisaTvis da xalxisaTvis

pativcemul da miRebul adaTis gatexisaTvis da, ai arsena, xalxis moyvare

da xalxisagan Seyvarebuli, rodesac xalxis adaTis aRsrulebas uarsa hyofs, da aqac Tavisufleba unda, rogorc yovelTvisa hqonia – am dros

TiTqos bedic xels iRebs da sikvdiliT sjis~ [8, 217].

arsena Tavisi sisxliT gamoisyidis danaSauls (sxvisi sisxliT arc axla, arc am ukanasknel orTabrZolaSic, Tavdacvis drosac, ar mZimdeba

misi suli) da savsebiT amarTlebs im sityvebs, romlebic, mestviris

TqmiT, wauweria mcxeTis xalxs misi saflavis qvaze:

àqac kai kaci iyo, iq naTeli daadgesa~.

TiTqos misi ukanaskneli saidumlos gamJRavnebaa sikvdiliswina

sityvebi:

`Cemi Svidasi Tumani kaspSi erT dids kldeSi devsa;Raribsa, aras mqonesa, mieces da moxmardesa~.

es `Svidasi Tumani~, kldeSi damarxuli, rogorc saarako ram ganZi, misi

sikeTis, rogorc es mestvires esmis, nivTieri gamoxatuleba, TiTqos sasufevlis mosapoveblad Cadebuli windia.

finalSi isic sagulisxmoa, rom ganZis saidumlos is Tavis mkvlels umxels da am faqts momakvdavis piridan aRmomxdar SeZaxilTan `ver

gagimete, giorgio~ erTad msmeneli ar SeiZleba ar aRiqvamdes rogorc

mtris Sendobis qristianul aqts, riTac mas, wiTeli paraskevis gamtexs, gza gaexsna sasufevlisaken.

daskvna

arsenas hubrisi ar amoiwureba religiuri momentiT. es mxolod

zedapirze Zevs. mis hubriss Rrmad pirovnuli motivebi aqvs.

misi cxovrebis dramaSi arc socialuri problemaa mTavari. is mxolod iwyeba socialuriT, magram mTavrdeba pirovnuli tragizmiT.

siRrmiseulad, rogorc pirovneba, is ar ekuTvnis im wres, saidanac

gamovida, romlis `Svilic~ unda yofiliyo. ver mivida im wremde, romelsac daupirispirda. erTs gaeqca, meores ver eziara. daiwyo ki

imgvarad, rogorc maRali wris Svilebi iqcevian: `batons rom erTi gogo

hyavs, arsenas moewoneba~. mestviris am SairSi Zlieria kategoriuloba adamianisa, romelsac viRac moswons. is avlens gardauval nebas. gana yma-

glexis arCevania mowoneba da am grZnobaze mTeli Tavisi bedis Segdeba?

is, xelgaSlili, udardeli, uangariSo, araviTar kanons ar dagidevs, garda Sinagani Zaxilisa – moiqces ase da ara – ise. es TviTneboba misi

konstituciaa. moiqces ara ise, rogorc socialurad misi tolebi

iqcevian. àrsena gamonaklisia. mis xasiaTs da cxovrebis wess Rrmad damCnevia erTaderTobis daRi~ [3, 77]. Cven SegviZlia vilaparakoT realur

arsenaze, romlis saxe daWerili aqvs mestviris Sairsityvas. Tumca

Sairsityvis gareSe darCa bevri moaruli ambavi mis òriginalur da amay xasiaTze~ (damateba 1). mestvires ar SeeZlo aReqva misi saqcieli da

qceva martyofis dReobaze, rom gaexada igi Sairsityvis masalad, radgan

is sruliad ucxo iyo misi warmoSobis adamianisaTvis. misi qceva Tavadis winaSe spontanurad avlens Tavisuflebas da Tanasworobas, Tandayolil

aristokratizms: sTxovs saCuqrad dambaCas da, roca dambaCis patroni mimarTavs misken iaraRs, is uSiSrad uaxlovdeba damiznebul lulas

asaRebad. mere, situaciis gantvirTvis Semdeg, sTxovs Tavaduri JestiT mis

qaliSvils, romelmac is sikvdilisgan ixsna: `neba miboZeT, kabaze da xelze gemTxvioT~ (damateba 1). es ar SeiZleboda yofiliyo mestvireTa

Tema. aseTi arsena ar aris maTi gmiri, Tumca mestvire mainc grZnobs, rom

arsenaSi aris raRac iseTi, rac ganasxvavebs mas im wrisagan, sadac is daibada.

es `silaRe sulisa~, romelic gansakuTrebiT `gzebze sufris

gadafenaSi~ [3, 77] da sxva qcevebSi vlindeba, anomaliad Cans

yoveldRiurobis WapanSi gabmuli glexobis wreSi. arsena `Taviseburi

gadaxraa normidan, vinaidan Tavisi mdgomareobiT mkveTrad gansxvavdeba

umravlesobisagan: arc xnavs, arc Tesavs~... [3, 77]. es namdvili rusTveluri

mocaleobaa, rac kidev sxva mowodebebs uxsnis gzas. `mdidars arTmevs,

Raribs aZlevs~ rusTveluri `Sen daamdidre yovelis~ Taviseburi

paradigmaa. arsena iqceva, rogorc uflebamosili da es ufleba, gamoWedos axali adli, man TviTve mianiWa Tavis Tavs. Tumca es TviTmarqvioba masve

Semoubrundeba – aRdgebian cruarsenebi da misi saxeliT borotad

amoqmeddebian.Znelad moiZebneba, SesaZloa, verc ki moiZebnos qarTul mwerlobasa da

yofaSi iseTi tragikuli piri da personaJi, rogoric arsena iyo da aris.

iyo erTxel Tavis sisxliT da xorciT Tavis kuTvnil droSi da sirvceSi

da aris samudamod darCenili SairsityvaSi. misi saxe moZraobs sinamdvilesa da poezias Soris. Sairsityvam aitaca igi sinamdvilidan,

masSi iseTi ram dainaxa, rac mas eposis tragikul gmirad aqcevda. Tu

elinuri dramis mTavari mamoZravebeli zambara hubrisia, amasve vityviT

àrsenas leqsze~ da misi gmiris mimarT gamoviyenebT qarTul sityva-

cnebas silaRes. àrsena laRi iyo. silaRe simpartavne ar aris. arsenas

kacoba silaRiT ikafavda gzas~ [1, 6]. kargi naTqvamia. magram silaRes,

romelic namdvilad ar aris ampartavnoba, axlavs ampartavnebaSi, dauokebel silaReSi gadazrdis xifaTi. arsenas mTeli gza Tavisi

aRsasruliT amas emowmeba.


1. abaSiZe b., erovnuli fenomeni da arsenas leqsi, Tb., `merani~, 1991.

2. ardaSir papakisZis saqmeTa wigni, falauridan Targmna, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo Teo CxeiZem, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1975.

3. asaTiani g., saTaveebTan, `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1982.

4. barnovi g., adamianis Sinasamyaros gamoxatva qarTul xalxur poeziaSi, ̀ qarTuli

folklori~ VI, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1976.

5. barnovi g., werilebi, `merani~, Tb., 1989.6. gvaramaZe l., petre umikaSvili – redaqtor-gamomcemeli, ̀ macne~, enisa

da literaturis seria, 1971, # 2.

7. kakiaSvili g., arsena qarTul literaturaSi, Tb., `xelovneba~, 1955.

8. umikaSvili p., xalxuri sityviereba IV, Tb., `literatura da xelovneba~, 1964.

9. WiWinaZe z., saqarTvelos batonymobis faqtiuri masalebi, t. 2-3, 1924.10. xinTibiZe ant., folkloruli masalebi arsena oZelaSvilze, Tb., 1968.

damateba 1

epizodebi arsenas cxovrebidan

arsena meduqne iyo, e.i. savaWros patroni tfilisSi. mas Seuyvarda

Tavad baraTovis ymis qaliSvili, romlisTvisac igi arsenas gamosasyids sTxovda. arsenam mTeli weli bejiTad imuSava da, bolos, saWiro Tanxac

daagrova, magram baraTovma piri uSala da axali pirobebi wauyena. maSin

arsenam RamiT gamoiyvana Tavadis saukeTeso cxeni, moitaca qali da

mTebSi gaixizna; magram daiWires da cixeSi Casves. ramdenime wlis Semdeg

gaaTavisufles. amasobaSi misi Seyvarebuli Tavadma sxvaze gaaTxova. maSin arsenam dastova qalaqi, wavida mTebSi da yaCaRoba daiwyo.

martodmarto, bevri wlis manZilze awuxebda Tbilisis Semogarens. bevrs

yvebian misi originaluri da amayi xasiaTis Sesaxeb. igi aerTebda gabedulebasa da jiut vaJkacobas araCveulebriv RonesTan, ise rom

veravin bedavda misTvis winaaRmdegobis gawevas, igi mxolod aucilebels iRebda. erTxel vaWari gauCerebia, romelsac Tan uzomo fuli hqonia,

Sexvewnia damindeo, arsenas is sadRac gaugzavnia Tavis nacvlad 4 maneTi

valis gasastumreblad.

mis dasaWerad didi Tanxa iyo gamocxadebuli, magram veravin bedavda am

Tanxis damsaxurebas. bolos mis naTlimamas gauCnda es survili. saojaxo

saqmeebze molaparakebis sababiT, man saxlSi dapatiJa igi. misi xmali kedelze dakides, maspinZeli ki yovel Rones xmarobda mis dasaTrobad.

`vin arian, Seni saxlis garSemo rom darbiano?~ maspinZels feri ecvala.

arsenam daiyvira, Ralatiao, da uxmlod gavarda oTaxidan, Seaxta WiSkarTan dabmul cxens da gaqusla. tyviebi daadevnes, dauWres cxeni,

magram Tavad gadarCa da miimala. naTlimama amis Semdeg mudmiv SiSSi

iyo, sul imaleboda da marto arasodes wveboda dasaZineblad. mcire xnis Semdeg martyofSi saeklesio dResaswaulze gamoCnda arsena uamrav

xalxSi, romelTagan naxevarze meti scnobda mas. magram TiTqos veravin

amCnevda. igi mivida Tavad orbelianTan, romelic iq Tavis ojaxTan erTad iyo mosuli, da erTi Wiqa Rvino mosTxova. Tavadma daakmayofila misi

Txovna. `mcnob me?~ – hkiTxa arsenam. `gcnob. arsena xar~. – `maSin sTxove

im kacs, – miuTiTa Soriaxlo myof Cinovnikze, – rom maCuqos Tavisi xmali~. – `Sen Tavad sTxove~. arsena mivida CinovnikTan, magram man,

aRSfoTebulma, uari uTxra Txovnaze. maSin Tavadma mas ori sityva wasCurCula da Cinovnikmac misca xmali arsenas.

ramdenime xnis Semdeg SemTvrali arsena isev mivida TavadTan da

uTxra: `Seni dambaCa momwons, maCuqe~. Tavadma Caxmaxi Seayena, daumizna da uTxra: `modi, waiRe!~ arsena uaxlovdeboda, rom am dros axalgazrda

Tavadisqali mivarda mamas da daiyvira: àm wmida dResaswaulis

gulisaTvis, nu daRvriT sisxls!~ arsena mivida TavadisqalTan: `Tqven sikvdilisgan mixseniT. neba miboZeT, kabaze da xelze gemTxvioT~, da

Seeria xalxs. meore dRes man ukan daabruna xmali, ar undoda, codva

dasdeboda aseT dResaswaulze.

roca yazarmaSi mimaval oficrebs Seeyreboda, arafers uSavebda maT,

pur-marilze hpatiJebda, isinic siamovnebiT Tanxmdebodnen.

bolos arsena orTabrZolaSi daiRupa. erTxel igi amxanagebTan erTad ijda tfilisis maxloblad gzaze. am dros gamoiara imerelma aznaurma

msaxurTan erTad. arsenam miipatiJa igi pur-marilze, magram man uari

uTxra im mizeziT, rom gadaudebel saqmeze midioda. roca is wavida, megobrebma arsenas uTxres: `marTla daijere, rac giTxra? SenTan puris

Wama ercxvineba~. – àse fiqrobT?~ – àba ra!~ arsena Seaxta cxens da

meored dapatiJa aznauri. – `Tu mibrZaneb da memuqrebi, gangeb ar

wamoval~. orTavem iSiSvles xmlebi da daiwyo sastiki brZola. aznauris

msaxuri mSvidad adevnebda Tvalyurs. aznauri orjer daiWra, arsenas ki jer erTi Wrilobac ar hqonda. bolos, aznaurma uyvira msaxurs: ùnda

moakvlevino Seni batoni!~ msaxurma gulcivad daumizna da adgilzeve

mokla arsena.

Август фон Гакстгаузен, Закавказский край, ч. 1, Санкт-Петербург, 1857, стр. 85-88.

damateba 2

arsena oZelaSvilis ambavi

roca arsenas moutacia moaxle, maSin mamaCemi estate 15 wlisa yofila

da algeTze xborebi hyolia da SaSinebia, qali ro mohyamdaT wiokobiTa da arsenas uTqom: estateo, Sen nu geSiniao, me Sen arafers gerCio.

arsenas ro qali moutacnia, gomareTs wauyvania, iq dautovebia, TiTon

wamosula, albaT iq mokeTe eyoleboda, da saridali (`tifi~) Saxvedria. lekianoba ro yofila da xalxi ro gaqceulan, iq dasamali alagebi

yofila feiqarTubanSi, – kldeebia, ro xami kacma naxos, ityvis, es ra

sakurveli rame yofila. iq Wala iyo da iq ucxovria arsenas. cxeni hyolia da gauSvia WalaSi xurjingadakidebuli. purica hqonia, Rvinoca,

xorcica da ise avaT yofila im saridoTi, ro Tavi ara hqonia, roma

misuliyo, xurjini CamoeRo da puri eWama. roca morCenila, memre dauZaxnia im cxenisaTvis, lurja, modio. ise gawurTnuli hyolia cxeni, ro

dauZaxebda, movidoda maSveTi. ro mosula cxeni, yvelaferi ayrolebuli

yofila. mere Camosula ninikas binaSi. saca Rori hyvanda da maSveTi ro misula, gaqceula ninika, ro Rori daklas da, ar dakla Rorio, ninikao,

Roris xorci ar minda meo da mand jorjiaSvileb ro amboben, bogvSia.

jorjiaSvilebis bina yofila iqve axlo ninikasTan da uTqom, ninikoo, wadio jorjiaSvilebis binaSio da uTxario, cxvari gamamigzavnono.

rogor ar gamougzavnidnen, arsenas saxeli ro gaiges. gamougzavnes erTi

kai Wedila da is dakles. memre kai puri Wames erTaT da ninikamaca da arsenamaca da mere arsenam uTxra, ro ninikoo, erTi rame unda giTxrao da

ar damzardeo. aba uar rogor etyoda da uTxra: ai es Cemi cxenio da Sajeqio da wadio. Rame gaugzavnia marabdaSi, ro aravin naxos. arsenas

cxenze Samjdara da uTqom, roma Cem saxSi ar mixvideo. – iq naTlideda

hyolia. gamaacxoso da Rvinoc, tiki gagimsoso da ise midio da wamodio, ro aravin ara gnaxoso. ise, ro Tel marabdas xeli hqonda mowerili, ro

Tu arsena gamoCndeboda sadme, Tel marabdas gadaasaxlebdnen. (sof. tbisi).

Tamar salariZe, algeTis xeobis qarTluri, ̀ mecniereba~, 1978, 190-1.

damateba 3

oZelaSvili da iakob mRvdeli

kodaSi, Sua sofelSi mozrdili saxli, didi derefani muxis koWebze,

SuaSi veeba boZi. Sesavali kedeli Ria, gelazebiT SezRuduli, kibec – sami gelazi. marjvniv – patara oTaxi. imis gverdze marcxniv kedelSi

didi karebi garanduli. es iyo didi oTaxis kari sastumrosi. urdulTan

kars rom gaaRebdi, ori kibe iyo qvisa, Caxvidodi Sin saxlSi.

samzareulo, sakuWnao, kidobani aq iyo gamarTuli. marcxniv Sesavali saToneSi, Sin saxlidan pirdapir marnis kari – sufTa oTaxi,

qvevrebmomwkrivebuli, baRis iaraRi, jagnebi. am patara oTaxSi mudam mwife

xilis suni idga. es iyo arsenas oTaxi. egre veZaxdiT.

iakobma gvian Seimosa mRvdloba. manamdisin moqeife axalgazrdobaSi

reuliyo. axovani vaJkaci, TeTr-wiTeli, mZlavri marjvenis meqone. kargi mTqmeli, cota damcinveli. daaxlovebiyo arsenas da bolomdis SerCa

megobrad. gaWirebaSi arsena Seefareboda Rvdlis saxls. imisTvis mzad

iyo yvelaferi maranSi. marans erTi fanjaraca hqonda SemTxvevaSi gamosayeneblad.

arsena morwmune kaci iyo. yovel didmarxvaSi movidoda SerCeul dRes,

dRisiT, moiTxovda aRsarebas da ziarebas Rvdlisagan. aRsarebis dros cxenidan erT fexs Camosdgamda, erTi isev uzangSi edga. etyoda: –

umTavresi codva, kacis kvla ar Camideniao. Tu mamiklavs, roca

SemebrZoleboda, maSin. gasacarcvad ki aravis vindob: mec miWirs da gaWirebuli megobrebic bevri myavs. eziareboda, xelze emTxveoda.

gamigia, roca arsena iakobTan iyo saziareblad Tu mosasveneblad,

sofeli misaval gzebze yarauls daayenebda, rom droze ecnobebina mZebnelis misvla. isic uTqvamT, vinme soflidan mosakiTxsac miarTmevdao.

amaTac, Rvdels da arsenas, erTxel Sejaxeba mohxdeniaT: kodidan

patarZali mihyvandaT marabdas. meqorwineebs ambavi mihsvliaT: arsena gdarajobT, patarZlis motaceba undao. SeSinebulan, misulan da

uTxovniaT iakobisaTvis: wamogvyevi, Seni xaTri aqvs da gamklavebac

SegiZliano.

SezarxoSebul Rvdels xalxis Txovna ar gaetexa, CamoeRo xmali da gahyoloda mayrebs.

Rame sironikaanT orRobeSi, bogirTan, marTla dahxvedriyo arsena da

Seetia.

yvelani ganabuliyvnen. iakobi wamdgariyo wina da daeZaxa: gza

daagdeo! wamosuliyo arsena misken dambaCiT xelSi. gansacdelSi Rvdels

daeqnia xmali. daWriliyo arsenas cxeni.

– arsen! – daeZaxa Rvdels.

– iakob, Sen? Cqara cxeni, Cemi daWrilia.

Rvdeli maSinve gadmosuliyo Zirs da mieca Tavisi cxeni. patarZali mainc gadaerCina.

ramdenime dRis Semdeg cxeni isev mihsvlia Rvdels.

arsenas bina kumisis mRvimeebSic hqonda da, Tu nuzla Semoakldeboda,

Rvdeli gaatanda imasTan ulufas, viTom diakvans samebaSi gzavnida.

is Zveli saxli kodaze daqceulia. axliT aris Secvlili.

arsenas erTi xmalTagani SeCenoda marans. iq ekida taxtis kedelze. Cem dros ukve Jangmokidebuli iyo. memre xanjlad gadaakeTa solom.

v. barnovi, samwuxaro Rimi: Txzulebani, tomi 10, ̀ literatura da xelovneba~, 1964, gv. 336-7.

damateba 4

Sexvedra makarovTan martyofis gzaze, 15. VIII. 1839 w.

guSindel dRes , naSuadRevis xuT saaTze me Cemi ojaxiT mivemgzavrebodi sof. noriodan salocavSi martyofis mama antonis uZvelesi drois RvTaebis taZarSi. Cveulebriv, 15 agvistos aq mravali xalxi iyris xolme Tavs. is iyo, mivaRwieT mTis Zirs norixevze, rom uecrad viRac cxenosani SemefeTa. manamde me mas ar vicnobdi, arsad minaxavs. igi momiaxlovda cxendacxen da momTxova puri da Rvino, razec me uari vuTxari. maSin man gamomicxada: `me arsena oZelaSvili var da, Tu Cems moTxovnas ar SeasrulebT, Cvens Soris usiamovneba datrialdebao~. am sityvebis wamosrola da misi cxenidan Camoxtoma erTi iyo. Tvalis daxamxamebaSi Cerqezuli xmali Camomaglija, magram, rom gaigo, vinca var, or-sam wuTSi isev damibruna. Cems maxloblad mimavals ki [Tavad sumbaTaSvils] ZaliT aarTva spilosZvlistariani Cerqezuli xmali da oqroTi movarayebuli dambaCa. me ramdenjerme vTxove arsenas, daebrunebina misTvis warTmeuli Zvirfasad Semkuli iaraRi, magram igi civ uarze iyo da daemuqra kidec. me meti aRar Cavreulvar am saqmeSi. davbrundi Tavzardacemul da SeSinebul Cem ojaxTan da monastrisken ganvagrZeT gza.

am SemTxvevis dros Cems garda iq sxva xalxic iyo da maT Soris sofel noriodan glexi zaqaria ZiZikaSvili, mgram arsenas SiSiT man krintic ver daZra.

es yaCaRi zorba, lurj ulayze ijda; SeiaraRebuli iyo osmaluri dambaCiT, TofiT, xmal-xanjliT da mkerdze gardigardmo patrontaSebiT. CemTan Sexvedramde arsena viRac mgzavrebs misdevda da xmamaRla emusaifeboda, magram me rom daminaxa, imaT Tavi gaaneba da gaCerda. monastrisken mimavalni laparakobdnen, rom arsena oZelaSvili muqaraze mets aravis arafers erCoda, araviTar borotebas aravis mimarT ar Cadioda, aravisTvis uwyeninebiao...

es aris sinodaluri kantoris Cinovnikis ivane arjevaniZe-makarovis

xeliT rusul enaze dawerili axsna-ganmarteba Tavad sumbaTaSvilis

moxsenebiTi baraTis gamo martyofis incidentis Sesaxeb.

ivane arjevaniZe, ivane makarovi da arsena oZelaSvili, ̀ literaturuli saqarTvelo~, 1967, #47.

damateba 5

zaal baraTaSvili arsena oZelaSvilze*

me arsena damaviwyda kidec, masTan sadao ara maqvs ra. Sevityve kargad, rom me igi ara mmtrobs da Cemi waxdena mas ar unda. Tanaxma var, Zalian kargi. saqme mxolod mTavroba aris. me aras verCi, Tu mTavrobac aras etyvis da apativebs. mTavrobas mis Sesaxeb ara aqvs kargi Sexeduleba. mTavroba mas uyurebs, rogorc Tavis mters da xalxis amjanyebels. mec ki vecdebodi, rom mTavrobamac Seiwynaros igi da apativos, magram ubedureba

* Zneli saTqmelia, ramdenad sarwmunoa es cnoba.

imaSi aris, rom mas bevri mteri hyavs da amitom mas bevr rames swameben, bevrs danaSaulobas, ymebis ajanyebas, aramc Tu marto batonebis winaaRmdeg, aramed mTavrobis winaaRmdegac.

z. WiWinaZe, saqarTvelos batonymobis faqtiuri masalebi, t. 4, 1925, gv. 133-134.

arsenas leqsi

SairsityviTa mestvirem RmerTi maRali axsena:

RmerTma mogces ganaTleba, oZelaSvilo arsena!

qeifi imas uyvarda, gzebze sufris gadafena. Svids weliwads tyveT iara, mTa da bari Seajera.

5 ro Seiqmna Teqvsmeti wlis, ulvaSebi daiSvena,

Sejda Tavis lurja cxenze, gaaWen-gamoaWena.zaali baraTaSvili Zalian gagvinawyena.

batons rom erTi gogo hyavs, arsenas moewoneba:

`gogo me mame, batono, Sen ki ara wagixdeba!~10 ra ro Sinidan gavida, baraTaSvils gademtera,

ès arsena ra gagvixda, ra aris magisTanao?

biWo arsenav, ra miyav, yma iyav magisTanao!~

`mogitan Tormet Tumansa, mogiTvli Cqara-Cqarao~.es rom zaalma gaigo, warbi ar Seixarao!

15 `Tormeti aRar migdia biWebi SenisTanao?~

àba Tu Tormetica gyavs, adeq da mamyev Tanao!~i ro zaalma gaigo, qoSi ukuRma hyarao;

karidgan veRar Seaswro, fanjridan gadiparao!

mostaca batons moaxle, axalcixes gaduyena,20 CiTis kabebi gaxada, sxva farCebi Seukera;

imis qvemo SeidiSi koWebamdin daumSvena.

mobrunda Cveni arsena, col-SviliT gaanamtvera.

es rom gaigo zaalma, orTav TvaliT Seqna cremla.

dajda is Cveni zaali da stolze wigni daswera,25 qalaqSi gamoacxada, Rubernators moaxsena:

`gamivarda erTi biWi, damaqcia, damanela.erTi kargi gogo myavda, wamarTva da gadmiyena!

wamaxdina arsenama, – Tu rasme miSveliT Tqvena!

Tu Tqven imas ver daiWerT, Znelia Cemi darCena!~

30 aTi-Tormeti yazaxi gaswevs TrialeTiskena.

kodaze rom Semovidnen, win iq dauxvdaT arsena:

`drasti, znakom, gagimarjos! kuda idoS, saiTkena?~`Cven Seni javri ara gvaq, mivdivarT marabdiskena.

erTi biWi gamogveqca, saxelad hqvian arsena,35 Tu visme ki gagegonos, gvinda imisi daWera~:

es rom arsenam gaigo, Caicina nela-nela,nabadi gverdzed iqcia, Tofi fexze Seayena.

jer rom Tofi daaxala, mere xmali SeaSvela;

aTi-Tormeti yazaxi sul cxvariviT gadmodena.40 TeleTis bolomdis mohyva, somxiTSi ar gaaCera.

im sawyalsa yazaxebsa zurgze boli aayena,

`nas kakoic~, miaZaxa – `TavaT gaxlavar arsena!~

sul ukan ixedebodnen, – àRar mogvdevdes arsena~.qalaqSi rom Camovidnen, Tavis ufross moaxsena:

45 ùzarbaznoT ar iqneba Tqveni arsenas daWera.

an aris mdevi, lom-gmiri, an aris rkinis mkvnetela.

Tu Cvengan ar daijereb, netavi marto gaCvena!romelsac xeli mogvkida, fexzed aRar dagvayena.

eqvssa Tofebi wagvarTo, sul miwebiT dagvitena~.50 es rom zaalma gaigo, orTav TvaliT Seqna cremla:

`netavi kaci maCvena im arsenas damWerela,

oqro da vercxli vaCuqo, ra fulebi amotela!~

almasis wyalze uriebs awyevina bediswera.gamoarTva xaxams adli, oTxs kiserSi Caadebsa.

55 `Tu karg adaTs ar daiWerT, gagwyromia xvna da Tesva,

ZalaT gaWmevT Roris xorcsa, kefaze dagasxamT wvensa.

Tu imas ar damjerdebiT, qarTulad dagparsavT wversa,CamoxvidodiT qalaqSi, yidulobdiT farCas Wrelsa,

CamoxvidodiT soflebSi, lamazaTa hkazmavT cxensa.60 qvrivsa da sawyals gvityuebT, nametnavad patarZlebsa~.

maTi adli roma naxa, arsenas ar daujdesa,

gatexa da gadaagdo: `fu, gamWedi gauwydesa!~

Sindis joxi gamouWra, romelic rom grZeli Tqvesa.Svidi mtkavliT gauzoma. misxali ar daakldesa:

65 `Tu amiTi ar gahyideT, vai dediTqvenis RmerTsa!

saca rom Semogeyrebi, suyvelas gamogWri yelsa!~im sawyalma uriebma sul kankali daiwyesa:

`Cven rom amiTi gavyidoT, raRa daxli dagvijdesa?

iseve Cveni farTali, im Cven duqnebSi dalpesa.70 arsena rom daibada, Cveni saqmeni waxdesa!~

`saaxaluxe mamyideT, im Tqveni ded-mamis mzesa!~

ara Rirda or maneTaT, erT TumnaT daufasesa.

maSin Cveni arsenai TiTo muStebs waadebsa.daxede, saaxaluxes sul tyvilaTac waarTmevsa,

75 kidev imas eubneba: `Tqven jibeSi fuli Zevsa,

uriav, fulebi mame, vici sagzlaT mamindesa~.i sawyali uriebi daekiTxnen erTmaneTsa:

`vaJo, e fulic CaudoT, egeb cocxals gagviSvebsa~.

amoiRes da gadudes, TxuTmeti Tumnisodena,80 xuTi Tumani aiRo, aTi ukan gaadevna:

òRond dagvexsen arsena, gamovacxobT sefiskversa,

qarTulaT davinaTlebiT, karga daviparsavT wversa,

ZalaTa vWamT Roris xorcsa, ze Tavze davisxamT wvensa!~

gzas somexi modioda, arxeinaT, nela-nela.85 arsena rom dainaxa, Tavqve cxeni daaWena.

winidgan wamouara: `saiT mobrZandebiT Tqvena?eg qulaja gaixade, es Teqa CaicviT Tqvena~.

is qulaja wamoisxa da beWebi daimSvena.

cxeni griloSi daaba, TavaT iqac moisvena.90 brZaneba SemoeTvalaT [qalaqidan ufrosebsa]:

èrTi kaci agre Cadis, aTasi ras SeiZlebsa?!

asi oqro gauCineT, vinc arsenas daiWersa~.

karaxtinebi Seukres, lekSi arsad gadvidesa.`Tu rom es lekSi gadvides, yaCaRobas daiwyebsa.

95 yaCaRobas vin daeZebs, Tbilis-qalaqs wagvixdensa!~

gauwyra maRali RmerTi farsadan bodbisxevelsa:naTlimamaT moikida, magram is uRalatebsa.

roca SiraqSi dacxeba, TrialeTs aasxams cxvrebsa.Tavfaravanis tbazeda win arsena dauxvdesa:

100 àrsenav, geTayvanebi, ratom ar modixar Cvensa?~

`miRalateb, naTlimamav, mitom ar movdivar Tqvensa~.àrsens rogorc giRalateb samis Svilis momnaTvlelsa,

Cemi mironis mimRebsa?!~

Zirs dedamiwas aZlevda da maRla zecaSi RmerTsa.105 maSina Tqva arsenama: `mirons rogor damiqcevsa!~

moityuiles arsena, tkbilis RviniT dagviTvresa,

kai lamazi RviniTa is arsena dagviTvresa.

Semwvari da moxarSuli win tabakiT miarTvesa.damTvralsa da galeSilsa tkbili Zili moundesa.

110 iaraRi aiyara, naTlidedas abarebsa:

`xval Tu mSvidobiT gaTenda, adrianad damWirdesa~.ialuCi da baliSi saCqaroze miarTvesa.

zed tyavebi waafares, arsens ar Segvicivdesa.

am mamaZaRl farsadansa gunebaSi ra uZevsa?115 SuaRame rom Seiqna, Tavis amqarSi gaswevsa.

aTi-Tormeti mecxvare Tavs mZinares daawvesa.

arsenam wamoiwia, Seevedra meufesa:

è mamaZaRli tieli ra buzebi masxeds esa?~aTsa egre wamoudga, sul muStiT daamtvrevs ybebsa,

120 meTerTmete, meTormete arsens gaukravdnen xelsa.

ise magrad gauWires, frCxilebSi sisxli gaswveTsa.`naTlimamav, nu mRalatob, nu Camagdeb mtrebis xelsa.

aTaswilad sikvdili sjobs imaT xelSi gansacdelsa!

me mRalatob, naTlimamav, iq ras etyvi maRla RmerTsa?125 Cems magier samarTalsa RvTismSobeli gagiCensa!

nu mRalatob, farsadano, nu Camagdeb mtrebis xelsa,

oras Tumans aq gaCuqeb, samas Tumans gomareTsa~.

farsadans ase egona, Cins momcemen, temlakebsa.

es arsena cxenze Sesves, Zirs fexebi gaukresa.130 biWi mardia arsena, gzazed arsad gadmoxtesa.

wamoiyvanes qalaqSi, Tvalidgana Rvrida cremlsa.

mTeli qalaqis biWebi mtredis gundiviT dasdevsa:

imerlebi iZaxian: `ki, ki, kisa da qve-qvesa!~somxebi gaiZaxian: `lave biWi ari esa!~

135 osebi ki iZaxodnen: `xorzu, xorzu ari esa!~

rusebi: òCen xaroSi, ei boRu, maladeca!~

bebrebi gaiZaxian: àx netavi dedaSensa!~patarZlebi iZaxian: `netavi Sens meuRlesa!

netavi imis sofelsa, visac Sen gadaxvev xelsa!~140 magari borkili miaqvs: Tvara wvrilebs daamtvrevsa.

jiRistola Tvalebi aqvs, mteri raRas daaklebsa.

moubrundeba arsena, kambeCiviT SeubRversa:

`ras mipireb, naTlimamav, Tu wauvel amaT xelsa?TrialeTSi cxvars gagiwyvet, mindorSi dagiwvam Znebsa,

145 mironsac aRar daveZeb, RoriviT gamogWri yelsa~.

im ufrosis karebzeda arsena moiyvanesa.

ufrosi gamobrZandeba, balkomidan gadmoscqersa,farsadans gaujavrdeba, Tavsa da pirs daamtvrevsa.

`Se wuwko da mamaZaRlo, raT iWerdi e mag tyvesa,150 erTi gavardnili kaci tyeSi efareba xesa!~

araferi ar aCuqes farsadans – imis damWersa.

farsadans ase egona – `jamagirsac gamiCensa~.

imdeni mama ucxonda, ramdenic imas miscesa,erTi oTxiod panRuri amohkres da gaagdesa.

155 ufrosma naxa arsena, Zalian Seibralao:

`ra kargi vaJkaci iyo, zezeur Camomxmarao.rac Seni ambavi momdis, raTa hqen, Cemo arsena?~

`me arc erTi ar miqnia, sul tyuili mogexsena:

marTalia, gavardnili davdiodi mSier vela,160 magram mdidars Tu varTmevdi, miyvarda Raribis Wmeva;

danaSauli esa maqvs, neba Tqveni asruldesa.~

arsens xelebi Seuxsnes, fexSi borkili miscesa,

im nariyala cixeSi is arsena Seagdesa.Svidi kvira da Svidi dRe im cixeSi amyofesa.

165 sacimbiroT gaamweses, cali wveri mohparsesa.

maSina Tqva arsenama, `vai dediCemis RmerTsa!me rom am cixeSi movkvde, biWobas vin damigdebsa?~

im aficrebs Seexvewa: ìm Tqveni ded-mamis mzesa,

abanoSi naCvevi var, tanze WuWyi mawuxebsa,170 wamiyvaneT abanoSi, misi dardi ar gamyvesa~.

waiyvanes abanoSi, yaraulebi misdevsa.

erTi sawyali manaTi arsens jibeSi udevsa,

amoiRebs, gadaugdebs, mikitans da sirajebsa:

àmis otka CamoasxiT, misviT mSier saldaTebsa~.175 daxede, is mikitnebi megobraTac gauCndesa,

sirajma da mikitanma Tvali uyves erTmaneTsa:

saldaTebs otka hgoniaT, CumaT romi Causxesa,ise daTvrnen saldaTebi, vera scnoben erTmaneTsa.

abanos karze mivida, Sevida da SeaRebsa,180 ukan mikitani misdevs, jibeSi qlibs Caudebsa.

maSina Tqva arsenama: `ha dideba mowyalesa!Cemi saqme aris esa!~

auzebTan rom mivida, aiwevs da gadaxtesa,

midga es Cveni arsena, borkils xexvas dauwyebsa,185 yaraulebsa hgoniaT: àguriT ixexs fexebsa~,

aqeT-iqiT Semoxexa, gadaswevs da daamtvrevsa,

feStamlebi daaxvia, raJRaruJRs ar daiwyebsa.gatexa da gadmoagdo: `fu, gamWedi gagiqresa!~

am xanaT modis ufrosi, abanoSi Sevidesa,190 aiyara is Sineli, maRla balkonzed dadebsa.

gamova Cveni arsena, Sinels gaugdebda mxrebsa:`vnaxo, rogor margebs esa?~

rusul Ceqmebs Caicvams, rusul Slapkas daidebsa.karebSi rom gamovida, win doinjsac gaigdebsa.

195 Semoxeda yaraulebs: `xabarda da staraneca!~

suyvela yaraulebma, suyvelam gza daugdesa.

imaT batoni egonaT, es arsena gamoZvresa.patara gamoiara, Tan sicili autydesa.

meidanze gamovida, miaZaxa medroSkesa:200 ̀ ficxlave droSka momgvare, Torem cxenebs davWri yelsa~.

romelic kargi droSkaa, arsenasa moarTvesa.

daujda biWi arsena, gaudga damoJnis gzebsa.

kumisis mTaze gadadga, biWi miuZRvis sidedrsa.arsenam rom dainaxa, Tqva, `dideba mowyalesa,

205 Cemi saqme aris esa!~ Tavdabla moaxsenebsa:

`Tu ukacravad ar viyo, dedi, CamobrZandi cxensa.

me tyve var gamoparuli, arc me matkens eg fexebsa~.daxede, imisi siZe xanjalze daidebs xelsa:

`gaswi iqiT, gamecale, rogor mogcem am Cem cxensa,210 xelmwifis gzazed mixvdebi, es kaci ar gagiJdesa!~

maSin Cveni arsenai kambeCiviT SeubRversa:`mogibrundebi, Semogkram, sul muStiT dagamtvrev ybebsa!~

raRa bevri mogaxseno, xeliTa sces erTmaneTsa.

arsena Ronieria, im biWs qveS wamoigdebsa.215 ori muSti rom Semohkra, yalfuziviT daabnevsa.

dedakaci exveweba, `nu momiklav Cems siZesa.

mag Cem gamomcxvar nazuqebs RmerTi tkbilaT Segargebsa!~

cxenic imas dauloca, ze xurjinsac gaatnebsa.

`dedav, dedaSvilobasa, Sen nu damiwyevli gzebsa~.220 is dedakaci locevda: `RmerTma mSvidoba mogcesa,

sadac wabrZand-wamobrZande, arsena, gagimarjvdesa!

maZRars arTmev, mSiers aZlev, RmerTi rogor wagaxdensa!~pataraze gaiara, xurjins Cxrekas dauwyebsa.

cal xurjinSi tikWoraa, cxra nazuqi Tavsa Zevsa;225 calgniT ori qaTamia, indouri Tavs aZevsa.

dajda es Cveni arsena, lamazad qeifsa swevsa.erTi somxiTeli biWi qalaqisken gamoswevsa.ori maneTi aCuqa, or sityvas daabarebsa:

àse uTxari qalaqSi mikitnebs da sirajebsa;230 arsena rom daiWires, qveiT midioda dResa.

mdidars arTmevs, Raribs aZlevs, RmerTi rogor waaxdensa?

sadac TaTars dainaxavs, `burdavalas~ aZaxebsa.

sadac titvelasa naxavs, Tavis peragns Caacmevsa.

or kviraze im bebersa isev gaugzavnis cxensa.235 erTi Tumani aCuqa, rac rom nali gaucvdesa.

beberic amas uTvlida: `RmerTma mSvidoba mogcesa!~

samadlos duqanze miva, filipes cxens waarTmevsa:`Tu ukacravad ar viyo, mag cxenze aiReb xelsa.

me tyve var gamoparuli da qvebi fexebs matkensa!~240 mejinibes eubneba: ùnagiri sada Zevsa?~

ùnagiri da lagami orTave TaviT uZevsa.

cxra mosarTavs Tu mouWer, Torem oTx-xuTs gagiglejsa,

litra aRvirs Tu amosdeb, Torem Tavsac wagarTmevsa~.`biWi arsena mogikvdes, Tu cxeni gadmomagdebsa!~

245 gadajda da gamoswia, gadmoudgeba mindvrebsa.

yazaxSi rom gadavida, emsaxura TaTris begsa.àmaT rjulze ver davdgebi, me xom ver mouSveb wversa~.

iqidganac wamovida da somxiTSi gamoswevsa.ori Tvis gamosavali gamoirbina or dResa.

250 iq Cavida qiziySia, naTlimamas miagnebsa.

bodbisxevSi rom Sevida, sul karebi Caketesa.

es farsadanma Seityo, imisTana Tqvensa mtersa.metis-meti javrisagan adgilze veRar dadgesa.

Zmebsa kaci gaugzavna: àrsena ar mamarCensa~.255 maSin farsadanis Zmebi arsens gadasdeben xelsa:

`gvapative farsadani, rac rom unda gagvixdesa~.

`vidre farsadans ar movklav, guli rodi gamiZlebsa~.

maSin farsadanis Zmebma ostatoba ixmaresa,erT uadgilo alagas didi ormo amosWresa.

260 is sawyali farsadani Sig ormoSi Caagdesa.

zed ficrebi waafares da miwa daayaresa.

`vici, arsenam mogaswro, cocxals rodi gagiSvebsa!~

ori dRe uyaraula, Tvals ki versad moaswrebsa.mesame dila gaTenda, maSin pirjvars daiwersa:

265 ̀ TxuTmet wels yaCaRaTa var, kacis codva ar maZevsa,

exla movkla naTlimama, bolos suli wamiwydesa!`gamobrZandi, naTlidedav~, – xelSi mohkidebda xelsa,

`gamouSvi farsadani, aras verCi arafersa!

vapative naTlimamas, jer mirons da mere RmerTsa.270 farsadans mainc ar movklav, Tugind rom win damixvdesa!~

RvTaebobis madli gwyalobT, martyofis TavSi svenia,

iq iyo misi dReoba, TiTonac giaxelia.

sumbaTovic iq mobrZanda, is Cveni qalaqelia.sumbaTovsa da makarovs Tan SeekazmaT cxenia.

275 kneinebic iqa hyvandaT, zed gadexviaT xelia.

roca wirva gamovida, – imisi madli Senia, –ro dainaxa arsenam, pirjvari dauweria.

im sumbaTovs eubneba: à, gamarjveba Senia,

qalaqSi ro Sars migdebdi, axla xo mogasweria!280 mag Sens apelatebzeda SeniT aiRe xelia!~

kneina eubneboda: `Seni Wirime, Senia!

aiRe da gadaugde eg oxraT dasarCenia.Tvarem eg arsena aris, vici gamogWra yelia.

suyvela oxrad dagrCeba droSka da Seni cxenia,285 me xom arsena wamiyvans, Sen darCi carielia~.

Sinlianeb gadmougdo apelatebi sqelia.wamoifina arsenam, gamorbis, rogorc mSvelia.

makarovs Tavis xamlzeda aaRebina xelia!

orkvira ToneTSi iyo, qeifebsac bevrsa swevsa,290 gamvlelsa da gamomvlelsa suyvelas Rvinos asmevsa.

meore kvira gaTavda, qalaqisken gamoswevsa.

mTeli qalaqis biWebi mtredis gundiviTa sdevsa.RmerTs uSvelia arsena amieriT gansacdelsa.

saca miva mikitnebTan, yvela dauqneven xelsa.295 amoiRebs im fulebsa, tol-amxanagebs aZlevsa:

`Sesandobeli dalieT, rodes arsena mokvdesa~.rac imas saqme eamba, imisTana Tqvensa mtersa:

`vnaxe wuxeli sizmari, sisxlSi viRebamdi wversa.

wreul me xom ar movrCebi, rac rom unda gadawydesa:300 an TaTari miRalatebs, qarTveli ar momarCensa.

ver daveswrebi aRdgomas, ver daviWer wiTel kvercxsa.

Tu ZaliT aravin momkla, nebiT gamoviWri yelsa~.`ras ambobs biWi arsena! rodi emeteba RmerTsa!

TuTxmet wels yaCaRad dadis, kacis codva ar aZevsa:

305 sadac titvelasa naxavs, Coxas ixdis da acmevsa~.

maSin i Cveni arsena zemo qarTlisken gaswevsa.

diRmis sworad rom movida, mikitnebma daaTvresa,ki bevri daalevines, tikSic bevri Causxesa.

mcxeTis pirdapir movida, muxaTgverdSi qeifs swevsa.310 is rom puris WamaT dajda, cxens balaxze gauSvebsa.

im giorgi kuWatnelsa, gamCeneli gauwyresa!wamosula kaxeTidgan, imereTSi gamoswevsa.

amouara arsenas, gamarjvebas etyvis erTsa:

`gamarjoba~, `gagimarjos~, salamaT xom es iyvesa.315 `giorgi, Rvino miirTvi im Seni ded-mamis mzesa~.

giorgi Semoaginebs dedisa da mamis yelsa:

`va, Se sawyalo arsena, raTa xar WkuaTxelia?me dRes Rvinos rogor davlev, wiTeli paraskevia.

Tu egre Rvino mindodes, jibeSi fuli bevria~.320 es rom arsenam Seityo, muxlze daikra xelia:

`kacad rodiRa Camagdo, raRa biWoba Cemia.biWi arsena mogikvdes, ver Segicvalo feria!~

gajavrebuli arsena piridama hyrida cecxlsa.

wamovida is arsena, im giorgis dauxvdesa:325 `giorgi, saiT midixar, arsena ver gagiSvebsa!

an unda mamce fulebi, an Seni cxeni damrCeba~.

giorgic eubneboda:`nu ggonivar zog-zogebi, Sen rom mohkidebdi xelsa.

lekis pirdapir viyavi, oci tyvia momartyesa.330 ormoci tyvia momartyes, veraferi damaklesa!~

maSin gajavrda arsena, xmalze moisvamda xelsa.

piriT rom ver gaimeta, yuiT gadaukra cxensa,

xmali vadaSi gadutyda, is carieli darCesa.maSina Tqva arsenama: `dRes mze dabnelda Cemia!

335 vax, rogor dros miRalate, gagiwyres gamWedelia~.

Semouqniva giorgim, mosWra marjvena xelia!

daRonebuli arsena cxenidam gadmovardesa.cacia xeliT xanjalsa arsena moisvams xelsa;

cotas kidec miawvdenda barZayzedac xanjlis wversa.340 cali yuri CamoTala, loyazedac mihyofs xelsa:

ègec geyofa, giorgi, aqimic ver mogarCensa.

ver gagimete, giorgi, vai dediCemis RmerTsa!~

erTi lekis biWi hyvanda im giorgi kuWatnelsa,beWebSi dambaCa dasca, pirSi boli gavardesa.

345 daRonebuli arsena aiwevs da ver adgesa.

`raxan momkali, giorgi, sityva mainc damcaldesa:

Cemi Svidasi Tumani kaspSi erT dids kldeSi devsa.Raribsa, arasmqonebsa, mieces da moxmardesa!~

am sityvas rom gaaTavebs, arsena Zirs daecesa.

350 mcxeTelebma rom gaiges, TvaliTgan cremli hyaresa,

zogi wyalSi gamovida, xogi xidze moirbensa.

oZelaSvili arsena zed boranze daudvesa,gaiyvanes mcxeTaSia da anderZi augesa,

marmarilos qva dasweres, dasweres da daadvesa:355 àqac kai kaci iyo, iq naTeli daadgesa!~

1875 wlis gamocema: p. umikaSvili, xalxuri sityviereba, nawili pirveli, tfilisi, 1937.

winaTqma es - Reso Kiknadzereso-kiknadze.de/bua/newadd/qarTulixalxurieposi.pdfcxovelTa Sesaxeb, rogorc `cxovelTa eposze~). arc imas, prozaulad aris moTxrobili, Tu leqsad anu `margalitad

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