Desmet Ballestra Presentation 1 Recent Recent Developments Developments in in Bleaching Bleaching , , Deodorisation Deodorisation and and Physical Physical Refining Refining of of Oils Oils and Fats and Fats W. De W. De Greyt Greyt , V. , V. Gibon Gibon and M. and M. Kellens Kellens Desmet Ballestra Group Desmet Ballestra Group Zaventem, Belgium Zaventem, Belgium OFI Middle East 2008 OFI Middle East 2008 Technical and Commercial Conference Technical and Commercial Conference Hilton Hotel Hilton Hotel Abu Dhabi, UAE, April 15 Abu Dhabi, UAE, April 15 - - 16,2008 16,2008
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Desmet Ballestra Presentation 1
RecentRecent DevelopmentsDevelopments in in BleachingBleaching, , DeodorisationDeodorisation and and PhysicalPhysical RefiningRefining
of of OilsOils and Fats and Fats
W. De W. De GreytGreyt, V. , V. GibonGibon and M. and M. KellensKellens
Desmet Ballestra Group Desmet Ballestra Group
Zaventem, BelgiumZaventem, Belgium
OFI Middle East 2008 OFI Middle East 2008 Technical and Commercial ConferenceTechnical and Commercial Conference
Hilton Hotel Hilton Hotel Abu Dhabi, UAE, April 15Abu Dhabi, UAE, April 15--16,200816,2008
Desmet Ballestra Presentation 2
OFI Middle East 2008 OFI Middle East 2008 Technical and Commercial ConferenceTechnical and Commercial Conference
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oils & fats
124 Mio Tons in 2006 124 Mio Tons in 2006
PO+ SBO = 55%
VEGETABLE OILS WORLD PRODUCTION
Desmet Ballestra Presentation 3
Year Consum ption Population Dem andkg/capita Billion M illion tons
* * Specialty oils with high nutritional value (Olive, Fish, Flaxseed,…)
OFI Middle East 2008 OFI Middle East 2008 Technical and Commercial ConferenceTechnical and Commercial Conference
Hilton Hotel Hilton Hotel Abu Dhabi, UAE, April 15Abu Dhabi, UAE, April 15--16,200816,2008
Desmet Ballestra Presentation 7
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TRENDS IN EDIBLE OIL PROCESSING
Increased need for more efficient processes (commodity oils)
* More cost efficient processes (lower investment & operating costs)
* Valorisation and/or reduction of by-products* Flexible plants able to process wide range of different oils* Larger capacities (economics of scale)
Increased demand for higher quality food oils
* Low or no trans FA (formed during refining and hydrogenation)
* Balanced FA composition (optimal ratio satured/mono-/polyunsaturated FA)* High concentration of natural anti-oxidants (tocopherols) and phytosterols* No contaminants (pesticides, PAH, dioxins, PCB,….)
Desmet Ballestra Presentation 8
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STABILITYSTABILITY FUNCTIONALITYFUNCTIONALITY
NUTRITIONAL NUTRITIONAL QUALITYQUALITY
StructuredStructured LipidsLipids
FryingFrying OilsOils
SaladSalad OilsOils
SpecialtySpecialty FatsFats
ShorteningsShorteningsMargarineMargarine
fats fats
INCREASED ATTENTION FOR NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF FOOD OILS AND FATS
Desmet Ballestra Presentation 9
SeedSeed
Frying oilFrying oil
Speciality FatsSpeciality Fats
MargarineMargarine
Frying oilFrying oil
Speciality FatsSpeciality Fats
MargarineMargarine
CrudeOil
CrudeOil
RefinedOil
RefinedOil
CrackingCracking
DehullingDehulling
FlakingFlaking
Cleaning / DryingCleaning / Drying
Preparation
CrackingCracking
DehullingDehulling
FlakingFlaking
Cleaning / DryingCleaning / Drying
Preparation
MealMeal
BleachingBleaching
NeutralisingNeutralising
DeodorisingDeodorising
WinterisingWinterising
DegummingDegumming
Refining
BleachingBleaching
NeutralisingNeutralising
DeodorisingDeodorising
WinterisingWinterising
DegummingDegumming
Refining
Mechanical ExtractionMechanical Extraction
Solvent ExtractionSolvent Extraction
Extraction
Mechanical ExtractionMechanical Extraction
Solvent ExtractionSolvent Extraction
Extraction
HydrogenationHydrogenation
InteresterificationInteresterification
FractionationFractionation
Modification
HydrogenationHydrogenation
InteresterificationInteresterification
FractionationFractionation
Modification
LubricantsLubricants
SoapSoap
BiodieselBiodiesel
LubricantsLubricants
SoapSoap
BiodieselBiodieselOleochemical
ProcessesOleochemical
Processes
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Desmet Ballestra Presentation 10
Crude OilCrude Oil
Chemical refin
ing
Degumming
Neutralisation
Bleaching
Deodorisation
Refined OilRefined Oil
SOAPS
GUMS
FFA
SPLITTING
Soybean oilSoybean oilPhysical refining
Degumming
Bleaching
Steam refining-Deodorisation
Palm oilPalm oil
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Desmet Ballestra Presentation 11
98
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Desmet Ballestra Presentation 12
ADSORPTION ADSORPTION
PROCESSESPROCESSES
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Desmet Ballestra Presentation 13
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First Adsorption ofMetals, soaps,Color pigments
Desmet Ballestra Presentation 16
Counter-current bleaching process
Vacuum unit
Spent bleach earth
Bleachearth
Degummedoil
steam
Citricacid
Finalbleacher
Leaf filters
Prebleacher
Bleached oil
Polish filters
Candlefilter
Recyclingspent earth
Spargesteam
..
.......
.
From degummingneutralisation
To deodorisation
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�
Prebleaching with used BE
Desmet Ballestra Presentation 17
Vacuum unit
Spent bleach earth
Bleachingearth
Degummed
acid
bleacher
Leaf filters
Bleached oil
Polish filters
Spargesteam
... ..
..
..
.
To deodorisation
Spent bleach earth
Pre filtrationfinal filtration
cleaning
Active carbon
Spent carbon
Filter press
Silica
oil
..
... .. ..
.
�
Adsorption ofP and soaps
�
PrebleachingMore efficient use of BE
�
Final bleaching
�
Removal of contaminants
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COMBICLEAN process
Desmet Ballestra Presentation 18
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1. INTEGRATED ADSORPTION PROCESS- Modular and extendable with required/desired process stages
2.SEPARATE ADDITION OF EACH ADSORBENT
- Increases overall efficiency of each adsorbent (lower costs)
3. SPLITTING OF SOLID WASTE STREAMS
- Easier valorisation/disposal - ‘Pure’ Spent BE with no contaminants can be added to meal - Spent AC with contaminants has to be treated as ‘toxic’ waste
Desmet Ballestra Presentation 19
DEODORIZATION DEODORIZATION ––
STEAM REFININGSTEAM REFINING
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Desmet Ballestra Presentation 20
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Economizing / Cooling / Economizing / Cooling / Heating under vacuumHeating under vacuum
DeodoriserDeodoriserdesigndesign
Low pressure by chilled Low pressure by chilled water / Ice condensingwater / Ice condensing
Operating Parameters
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Desmet Ballestra Presentation 22
Dual Temperature deodorizer : Principle- Lower temperature - longer time (stage 1)
for mild deodorizing and moderate stripping
thermolytic/hydrolytic breakdown reactions
- Higher temperature - shorter time (stage 2)for final stripping and heat bleaching
for controlled stripping of valuable minorcomponents
230 C
230 ���� 250 C
250 C
210 ���� 230 C
250 ���� 130 C
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Desmet Ballestra Presentation 23
Packed column stripper
∆∆∆∆P : 0.1 -0.5 mbar/m
∆∆∆∆T : min. 1.3ºC / %FFA
H : 3-5 m
D : f (vapor load)
Structured packing 100-300 m2/m3
Counter-current contact oil/steam
Short residence time at high temperature
vapor phase (steam)
liquid phase (oil)
liquid phase(stripped oil)
To FAD scrubber + vacuum unit
To deodorizer
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Desmet Ballestra Presentation 24
Features� Efficient stripping because of counter-current contact oil/steam
- Pressure drop over column can make stripping more difficult
- Short residence time at high temperature
Low trans formation, but no complete deodorization
Applications
� Stripping of tocopherols/sterols from vegetable oils
- Stripping of contaminants (pesticides)
- Partial deodorization of cocoa butter
!� �1%$ ��� '2 ( ) �� � +*!!%+�
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Desmet Ballestra Presentation 25
'� 3 �!+%� � 2 +%�$ %� $ � +*- � � *� ) �
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� Deodorizing Pressure range : 2-5 mbar
� Low pressure required* For stripping of volatile components (FFA, contaminants,…)
* Protection against oxidation
� Trend for lower pressure during deodorization* Allows same stripping at lower temp. and/or with less steam* Lower pressure (1.5-2 mbar) with Dry Ice Condensing* Cost factor (higher electricity consumption, but nearly no motive steam )
Desmet Ballestra Presentation 26
Sparge steam(100%)
Motive steam(100%)
Effluent(92%)
Booster or pump
Surfacecondenser
Non-condensables(8%)
Effluent(108%)
Surfacecondenser
Ice Surface Condenser (-26°C)
Ammonia Noncondensables
Motive Steam
Rest of condensed
water
1 mbarVapor from FA scrubber
Iced vapor
(> 95%)
Steam ejector
Surface Condenser
(30°C)
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$ �*�� ��������� ���4�! �� ���
Desmet Ballestra Presentation 27
Compressor
Condenser
Separator
Cooling waterFrom FA scrubber
Vapour (vacuum)
Refrigerant (ammonia)
Non-condensable gases
Valve, closed
Valve, open
Melt vessel
Condensate
Tode-aeration
Freezecondenser
waterprocess vapor ammonia
LP steam
De SmetDe Smet
SUBLIMAXSUBLIMAX
Condensation of steam (into ice) on surface condensers
Low pressure can be reached (< 2 mbar)
Strongly reduced odoremission
Nearly no motive steam but higher electricity consumption
10x less waste water
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